Because online signal is not stable, any trainee would better type
your questions in chat window, the trainer will answer them together.
✓ Management IP is used for equipment monitor, 610A & 650 U3
will use it to register on OTNM2000.
✓ Loopback IP is used as LSR-ID (label switching router – identity)
of 650 U3. 650 U3 use it to forward packet follow label
switching path.
(610A use management IP as LSR-ID while 650 U3 use loopback
IP as LSR-ID. LSR-ID is used to form MPLS label forwarding
table.)
✓ Interconnect IP is used to stand for next NNI interface by 650 U3.
NNI IP is used as next hop for MPLS label forwarding.
✓ MPLS-TP (multi-protocol label switching) is a forwarding
technology. It use label forwarding table to replace IP forwarding
table, to query label forwarding table is much faster than query
IP forwarding table, in this way, MPLS-TP can transport service
with high efficiency. It can save lots of processing time.
✓ LSP is abbreviation of label switching path. Following this path,
service can be successfully delivered from source node to sink
node.
✓ PW means pseudo-wire; it is a transparent logical link which can
connect two customer devices.
✓ CES means circuit emulation service; it can forward TDM
service through packet network. TDM is usually forwarded by
circuit switching network, but CPAN is a packet switching
network, so CPAN uses CES to carry out TDM service(2G).
✓ QoS means quality of service, CPAN use QoS to differentiate
service type and forward these type of service based on different
forwarding policy. For example, from 4G eNB, service owns
several types of service like voice, video and data. Voice requires
low latency, video requires constant bandwidth and data requires
bandwidth and latency according to the customer.
✓ OAM is abbreviation of operation, administration and
maintenance. CPAN use OAM to monitor service and switch
protection for the service. For example CPAN use OAM-CV to
check the LSP status and use OAM-APS to switch to protection.
✓ NNI means network to network interface. NNI port is used to
connect 2 CPAN equipment , NNI port should implement MPLS
encapsulation before forward data out and NNI port can also
switch MPLS label.
✓ UNI means user to network interface. UNI port is used to
connect CPAN equipment to customer equipment (like
OLT/BTS/RNC/HOTSPOT). UNI port can restore service format
from MPLS packet before it transport data to customer.
✓ CE is customer equipment (like OLT/BTS/RNC/HOTSPOT).
✓ PE is network equipment (like 610A / 650U3) which directly
links to CE.
MPLS-TP= MPLS – IP + OAM + Protection
✓ OAM is part of SDH Transport Feature
✓ Multiple service access: TDM interface like E1/stm-1, Ethernet
interface like 10GE/GE/FE.
✓ Packet switching replaces circuit switching.
✓ MPLS-TP supports frequency synchronization as well as offset
synchronization.
✓ MPLS-TP uses label forwarding table to transport service.
Bidirectional P2P LSP always binds VPWS (virtual private wire
service) service.
Unidirectional P2MP LSP always binds VPLS (virtual private LAN
service) service.
AIS: alarm indication signal
RDI: remote defect indication
Training document will be sent to you at the last day of training.
1. Missed your explanation from slide 24 as your audio was muted.
✓ MPLS-TP has some characteristics, some characteristic from
MPLS Ethernet, some characteristic from MSTP (multiple
service transport platform).
✓ ACL: access control list, it is filter policy. For example, CPAN
set UNI port with VLAN 100, so UNI port can only access
service with VLAN 100, and discard packet with other VLANs.
✓ QoS management means CPAN can provide different quality
based on different service. For example, CPAN can set service
CIR and PIR. CIR (committed information rate) is commit
bandwidth; PIR (peek information rate) is maximum bandwidth.
✓ MPLS support packet switch while MSTP support circuit switch.
✓ Packet switch is adapt for DATA service which is more popular
than circuit switch with TDM service
✓ MPLS-TP can complete protection switch within 50ms, this is
very fast.
✓ MPLS-TP supports OAM which can display service status and
performance.
✓ MPLS-TP support CES which requires time synchronization.
✓ MPLS-TP use GUI (graphic user interface) NMS to manage the
network which is very convenient than CLI(command list line)
✓ MPLS-TP frame has a specific format, it carries 2 layer labels.
✓ Outer label is LSP/Tunnel label which signs the forwarding path.
✓ Inner label is PW label which signs the service with specific
VLAN-ID/Emulation-ID.VLAN-ID is used for Ethernet service
and Emulation-ID is used for CES service.
✓ PW label is added at UNI port of the source node and can only be
removed at UNI port of the sink node.
✓ Tunnel label can be seen at very NNI port through the whole
forwarding path, and at very NNI port, tunnel label can be
switched/swap.
✓ MPLS-TP frame uses specific Ethernet Header, at very section
between 2 CPAN devices, local NNI port MAC is SA and next
NNI port MAC is DA, and the type value is fixed 0x8847 which
indicate behind the Ethernet header that MPLS label.
✓ MPLS-TP support packet switching, so when CPAN receives
TDM data, it will first transform TDM frame to Ethernet packet.
This transform technology is called circuit emulation.
✓ For CES encapsulation, CW (control word) is used to restore
TDM frame at UNI port of sink node.
✓ MPLS OAM, there are 3 layers: TMS,TMP and TMC.
✓ TMS: Transport MPLS Section, it is a link between 2 CPAN
devices.
✓ TMP: Transport MPLS Path, it is forwarding path from source
node to sink node.
✓ TMC: Transport MPLS Channel, it is transparent channel for 2
customer devices. TMC is logical channel from source node’s
UNI port to sink node’s UNI port.
✓ QoS means MPLS-TP device can provide different policy based
on the requirement from different service types.
2. Explain VPWS and VPLS
Answer:
VPWS: virtual private wire service
VPLS: virtual private LAN service.
VPWS and VPLS is configured by single node.
For one single node, one UNI binds with one PW, that is VPWS.
For one single node, one UNI binds with multiple PWs, that is
VPLS.
3. In WFQ any chance of getting muffling or delay in transmission
of packets. does it affect the quality of the service.
Answer:
WFQ need processing time, for highest priority service, the
scheduling time is very low, in this way, quality of higher priority
service can be kept while quality of lower priority service may be
influenced if there is no enough resource.
MPLS-TP = MPLS – IP + OAM + GUI
✓ LSP is a path from source node to sink node which establishes
end to end connection.
✓ PW is a transparent channel to connect 2 customer devices.
✓ VPN is to provide virtual logical link by public packet network
resource. The public network resource is shared physically but
isolated logically.
✓ CES is to transport TDM service through a packet network. For
traditional TDM, switch kernel is circuit switching, and for
MPLS-TP, the switching kernel is packet switching.
✓ QoS means to provide different forwarding policy for different
types of service. For example, to implement TDM/voice service,
expedited forwarding is applied while to implement DATA
service, forwarding with best effort is applied.
✓ OAM can check fault of service, display alarms and activate
switching protection. For example, when LSP 1:1 protection is
configured, OAM CV is used to verify connectivity of main and
protect LSP while OAM APS is used to transmit switching status.
✓ NNI is port link to MPLS-TP device while UNI is port link to
customer device. NNI can support MPLS forwarding, UNI can
access customer signal(like E1/STM-1/FE/GE)
✓ LER is source/sink equipment which encapsulate/de-encapsulate
MPLS frame.
✓ LSR is equipment which supports MPLS frame forwarding.
✓ Ingress is the source equipment to encapsulate customer service
to MPLS frame.
✓ Egress is the sink equipment to restore customer service from
MPLS frame.
✓ Transit is the intermediate equipment to forward MPLS frame.
4. Explain also about the provider edge router
Answer:
Provider edge router is the source/sink node.
5. If CV Frame Forwarding is disabled in working path, then tunnel
traffic will be switched over to Protection path. Right?
Answer:
It depends, if two nodes of the working path disable CV, there
will be no alarms, in this situation the path will not switch over to
protection. If only one node of the working path disable CV
frame, there will be VP_LOC alarm and the path will switch over
to protection.
6. Could you explain what is the wrapping mode: Eth mode and
Vlan Mode in VPLS cross connect mode generated .
Answer:
Eth mode/vlan mode does not need to change, if we use
sub-interface.
7. Explain split horizon & in Elan (vpls) mode, what is the setting
of split horizon B node to B node & B node to A node.
Answer:
Split horizon is only used in VPLS. VPLS is single node
cross-connect generated mode. VPLS works as a virtual switch
which maintains the MAC address table. The MAC address table
of VPLS, its related port can be a logical port like VLAN
sub-interface or PW.
Split horizon is settings on the each logical switch port. If two
ports’ split horizon enable, these two ports cannot exchange data.
Split horizon enable port cannot send data to other split horizon
enable ports.
Split horizon disable port can send data to any other port no
mater split horizon of this port is disable/enable.
ELAN/Etree indicates multiple nodes in which there is at least
one node set to VPLS.
8. In our CPAN network, LSP Ping, Loopback (LB), Link Trace(LT)
are not working. Even RFC 2544 tests are also not working. Any
configuration settings are needed? pl clarify
Answer:
CPAN technology is MPLS-TP. MPLS-TP removes IP function,
so ping or trace cannot be applied by CPAN. LSP ping/trace
function is used to check LSP reachability; this function can be
replaced by OAM CV in MPLS-TP.
9. Right now we used to create individual 1G circuits on each 1G
ports through Eth mode. 1G ports getting exhausted. Whether it
is beneficial to create 1G circuits in VLAN mode by having
many 1G links on one 1G port?
Answer:
In this case, you’d better plan vlan for very logical link to every
remote node, and change one ELAN/ETREE to several ELNEs.
Each link to the GE port should be bind with a specific VLAN,
different logical link can be separated and bandwidth can be set
specifically.
10. For e-lan service at both b-nodes we have created source as vpls
and sink as vpws, but protection is not working, pls clarify sir
Answer:
LSP protection can work, if in your network, LSP protection
cannot work. Please check the software version of device and
settings follow the guidance.
Guidance of CPAN
C610A “VPLS Protection Patch” Upgradation.pdf
11. Would you pl explain about how to set up LAG in CPAN?
Answer:
You can refer the configuration documents “CiTRANS 610A
Packet Transfer Platform User Manual (Version B).pdf”-------
Part 4.1.3
12. How can we give loop on ports
Answer:
For Ethernet service, loop function is forbidden.
Loop function can only be used in CES service. Select related
TDM card’s control command and set E1 loop.
13. With respect to Answer 9, inorder to avoid congestion
in physical GE Trunk port can we use LAG concept where
several 1G links are bundled and creating logical interface for
LAG Id.
Answer:
Yes, but for 650U3, we create lag port in NE configuration, it is a
little different from 610A
14. IS THERE ANY LIMIT TO CREATE PW IN ANY SINGLE
TUNNEL
Answer:
When we create tunnel, if we don’t select port for this tunnel, the
tunnel can be used by 1000 PWs. For example, when we
configure tunnel between 2 650 U3s, we don’t select port, so
every PW between these 2 nodes can use this tunnel. But when
we configure tunnel between 650 and 610A, at 610A node, we
have to select port, in this case, if UNI port changed at 610A, we
should create new tunnels.
15. How to check performance of STM & E1 like we check GE/FE
Tx_flow Rx_ flow performance?
Answer:
For TDM/CES service, we can check flow in board performance.
For 610A, double select 610A→select XCTR2 card →
performance→check context_rx packets and context_tx packets.
Tributary channel E1 performance displays packets between UNI
port and NNI→check related PW flows.
For 650 U3, Right click 650→NE
configuration→service→VPWS_VC→obtain related pw name
about E1 service, right click 650→PM→NE perform switch→set
related PW name, after that, right click related L2VPN, then we
can query CES performance.
Remember, for E1 at UNI port, the rate is 2 Mbps and after
circuit emulation, the service rate at NNI port becomes 2.8 Mbps.
16. CAN WE USE MULTIPLE ELAN/ETREE/CES INSINGLE
TUNNEL WITH DIFFERENT PW.
Answer:
PW is logical link for different service, we have to bind it to each
type service, for different service, different pw should be created.
17. What are the parameters or how to check for any error or packet
loss in Ethernet service? What are the parameters
Answer:
OAM frame can be used to evaluate/monitor the service packet
loss.
18. How to set the port to allow UDP packets
Answer:
CPAN device cannot recognize UDP packets; it can only
recognize VLAN/VC12 from customer. So if there are UDP
packets to forward, the customer device should encapsulate UDP
to related VLAN Ethernet frame.
19. How does MTU size affect the packet performance and how to
restrict the bandwidth for a port.
Answer:
Default MTU is 1500, we seldom change it. Only when customer
device requires MTU changes, these settings will be done. For
example, when CPAN device links OLT (optical line terminal), if
OLT’s MTU is more than 1500, CPAN device UNI port will
change MTU to cooperate OLT.
20. What is TP
Answer:
TP means MPLS-TP (MPLS transport profile)
Difference between 610A and 650 U3
✓ 610A is designed following MPLS-TP architecture.
MPLS-TP removes IP function.
✓ 650 U3 is designed following IP/MPLS architecture, so 650
U3’s hardware supports IP function, but 650 U3’s software is
MPLS-TP to coordinate with 610A. That is why 650 U3
needs to configure port IP address and ARP.
✓ CPAN equipment use LSR-ID to establish bi-direction end to
end LSP, LSR-ID of 650 is IP address of loopback, LSR-ID
of 610A is IP address of NE.
21. If we change NE IP, whether it will affect traffic flow?
Answer:
If we change NE IP of 610A, after LSR-ID updated, this will
affect the service.
If we change NE IP of 650, LSR-ID is loopback IP, this IP will
not change, so service will not be affected.
22. explain logical id
Answer:
Logical ID is used for equipment management. The form of NE
Logical ID is “part Number +NE Number”
Basic configuration explanation
✓ (For 650 U3, LSR-ID is configured in NE configuration,
LSR-ID use IP form. LSR-ID is the IP of loopback)
✓ (For 610A, LSR-ID is automatically configured when we set
NE IP address based on SN)
✓ (For 650 U3, each NNI port is located in each network
segment with specific IP address, the neighbor device’s NNI
port is in the same network segment with specific IP address)
✓ (For 610A, default port mode is NNI, no need to set)
✓ (For 650 U3, when it encapsulate MPLS frame, it should
obtain the neighbor device’s NNI port MAC address as DA of
Layer-2 header. ARP is abbreviation of address resolution
protocol; ARP can obtain MAC address information by
specified IP address)
✓ (For 610A, it does not check DA of MPLS frame, so there is
no need to set ARP)
Basic configuration:
1. Configure 650 loopback
Right click on the 650, NE CONFIG → interface manager →manager
port. Set name to “0” and IP address as planning.
2. Configure NNI port
Right click on the NE, NE CONFIG → interface manager → eth
interface → add main eth interface for each NNI port →Select
Ethernet property for each NNI port, change port mode(L3 mode for
port link 650, TP mode for port link 610A) → set IP address as
planning, enable MPLS when port mode is L3.
3. Configure static ARP
Right click on the NE, NE CONFIG → Other → static ARP→add
item for each NNI port→ type available IP address of the same
network segment besides local port IP, bind this IP with specific
ARP address by using command “show arp all” on the platform of
neighbor device.
23. CAN WE SHIFT EQUIPMENT FROM ONE PART TO OTHER
PART BY CHANGING LOGICAL ID
Answer:
Right click NE which need to move→select move NE→ select
target part→logical ID will be calculated automatically by
OTNM2000
24. if moving ne traffic affected or not, IS THERE ANY EFFECT
ON SERVICE ALREADY CREATED, ON MOVING NODE
ONE PART TO ANOTHER
Answer:
Traffic will not be affected.
25. If APS is enabled for working path, what is the outcome?
Answer:
If APS is enabled for working path, switch status will be affected.
Just follow default protection settings.
26. May I know in which card NE Config data, cross connection data,
routing data is stored.
Answer:
Configuration document is stored in SNCV1 card.
The storage directory is “/mnt/userdir”
We can establish FTP [server IP] connection and get
ZEBOS.CFG configuration document from SNCV1 card.
27. Sir, why some times Tunnel configuration takes more than 4
labels?
Answer:
I have not met this situation, as I know; tunnel with protection
occupies 4 labels and tunnel without protection occupies 2 labels.
L2 service configuration
1. Configure L2UNI
(NE is 650 U3, right click NE→NE config→interface
manager→add eth interface (main for service transparently
transmission/sub for specific VLAN transmission)→Ethernet
property→select L2 mode)
(NE is 610A, menu “business configuration”→service global
settings→NE global settings→select related 610A, click slot type,
and change port mode to UNI for the port link to CE)
2. Configure TUNNEL
(Menu “business
configuration”→PTN/IPRAN→TUNNEL→change protection to
1:1 trail if supporting standby path, click next→select source and
sink LSR, if LSR is 610A, the UNI port should be choose.if LSR
is 650, just select NE→set labels→default main path is the
shortest path, we can change it by setting constraints→keep other
parameters as default till end→download service)
3. Download Protection Pair
(Menu “business management” → protection pair → download
service if status is to be activated)
4. Configure PW
(Menu “business configuration”→PTN/IPRAN→PW→select
source & sink node, set PW label→bind this PW to related
tunnel→finished, this step need not to download)
5. Configure L2VPN
(Menu “business configuration”→PTN/IPRAN→L2VPN
service→select service type to ELINE/ELAN→select related
UNI port→bind it with related PW→set VLAN-ID if necessary
for 610A with flow classification VLAN associated, for 650 go to
NNI interface setting tab, change VLAN-ID and open PW
property, change related VC-type to VLAN TAG→download
L2VPN finally)
28. What is preset label? How to assign?
Answer:
Preset label is the label we plan to set, just set it for forward label
and reverse label.
29. Sir, how to change LSP having duplicate labels or default labels
Answer:
If labels duplicated, service will be influenced, in this case, the
best solution is to apply new labels, if you want to use former
labels, you have to remove former service to release label
resource.
30. Sir, how to change LSP to different route if we have break in
main path which has duplicate labels or default labels.
Answer:
If tunnel has protection, tunnel will switch over to protection, it
will avoid faulty node/link.
31. Sir can we use the same labels between different NE's ..which are
not at all inter connected either (NNI/ UNI). But working in the
same IP segment pool.
Answer:
To differentiate tunnels, we use different labels, so the same label
cannot be used twice.
The latest version cannot support IP pool for interconnect port,
this requirement is sent to the developer, if they accept to change,
they will upgrade software.
32. Any trace byte (j2 byte in sdh) in ces service
Answer:
CES service is transformed to packet when CPAN device
forwarding, so TDM byte cannot work in packet network.
33. If 4 e1's are between same 650 and 610 can we use same tunnel
sir?
Answer:
If 4 e1's are between same 650 and 610, we can use the same
tunnel, but we have to configure 4 different PWs, each E1 binds
with each PW.
34. Wrapped mode in nni settings should be eth or vlan for VPLS?
Answer:
It depends.
If UNI port of 650 is sub-interface, we should change NNI
settings to VLAN-TAG mode and set VLAN-ID for this NNI
PW.
If UNI port of 650 is main-interface, NNI settings can be kept
default as Ethernet mode and not need to set VLAN-ID for this
NNI PW.
35. How to change Tunnel labels?
Answer:
The best way to change tunnel labels is that firstly remove
tunnels and then recreate tunnels with new labels.
36. Can we configure VPLS service without VLAN tagging?
Answer:
Yes, for 650, main interface UNI port is set and NNI PW vc-type
is set to Ethernet, 610A should be configured without VLAN.
37. What about STM to ETH service..
Answer:
Refer to chapter 5&6 of document ” CiTRANS 650 Small
Flexible Optical Transport Platform Configuration Guide”
