GREEN
COMPUTING IN
TELECOM SECTOR
Presented by - Meghana Reddy
1BM18TE028
INTRODUCTION
❖ Climate change has been recognized as a primary concern faced by
countries across the globe.
❖ One of the main reasons for this is increase of heat trapping Greenhouse
gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.
❖ It is estimated that the ICT sector worldwide is responsible for around 2%
of global GHG emissions and for around 0.7% of global CO2 emissions.
❖ By 2022, ICT is expected to account for about 4% of global GHG emissions
worldwide.
Statistics
CO2 Emissions
❖ The foremost share of the CO2 emission in the ICT infrastructure is during the use of the
network equipment and devices.
❖ The components that contribute to carbon emission footprint include the Radio Access
Network (RAN), Data Centers, fixed-line network, the Core network, aggregator,
transmission system and Fiber to the network (mainly in Access network) etc.
❖ Power and energy consumption for telecom network operations is by far the most important
significant contributor of carbon emissions in the telecom industry.
❖ It is important to shift to energy efficient technologies and alternate sources of energy to
help in the reduction of harmful emissions.
Statistics
India contributes to 1.43% in RoW which amounts to
0.38% of global carbon footprint
GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
Key Drivers for Green Telecom
GROWING TELECOM MARKET IN INDIA:
India is now the second largest and fastest growing mobile telephone market in the world.
Teledensity and telecom towers have shot up ~10,00,000 telecom towers as of 2021.
Energy demands rise up development in 4G and 5G networks
LARGER CARBON EMISSIONS:
Telecom industry has increased the overall energy consumption has led to larger Carbon emissions and footprint
Thus presses telecom operators and vendors to spend less on energy and extract more efficiency out of their systems
UNCERTAIN POWER SCENARIO IN THE TELECOM INDUSTRY:
~40% of the telecom towers face load shedding for more than 12 hours per day.
Because of limited availability of power and an uncertain grid power situation, telecom tower companies are increasingly
relying on diesel generators, batteries and a variety of power management equipment to backup the grid and ensure network
availability.
Presently ~40% power requirements are met by grid power and 60% by diesel generators.
It is seen that energy costs account for ~30%-34% of total operational expenditure for a telecom tower company
Statistics
Improving Energy Efficiency
Demand Management (↓ consumption)
❖ Includes practices to reduce demand for electricity
Passive infrastructure sharing
Replacement of old Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) with new generation BTSs
Usage of outdoor BTS
Optimized cooling at shelter, usage of intelligent transceivers (TRXs)
Reduction of air conditioner load by using cold ambient air for shelter cooling and operating air conditioners using
stored energy in the batteries to reduce diesel consumption and carbon emission
❖ Some other techniques include:
❖ Active Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
❖ Sleep mode Base Transceiver Stations
Active Distributed Antenna
System (DAS)
❖ Network of spatially separated antenna
nodes connected to a common source via a
transport medium (like optical fibres,
coaxial cables etc.) that provides wireless
service within a geographic area.
❖ Single antenna radiating at high power is
replaced by a group of low-power
antennas to cover the same area.
❖ The idea works because less power is
wasted in overcoming penetration and
shadowing losses and also because a
❖ LOS channel is present more frequently,
leading to reduced fade depths and
reduced delay spread.
Sleep mode Base Transceiver Stations
❖ Sleep mode BTS can turn power off when the call traffic is low.
❖ Can be added to the existing site with slight software modifications.
❖ Reduce power consumption by more than 40% under low traffic conditions and
more than 10-15% on an overall level.
❖ A technique called Self-Organizing Network (SON), introduced in 3GPP and 4G
LTE standards.
❖ It adds automatic network management and intelligence features to the system
and thus reduces costs, improves performance and increases flexibility of the
cellular system through network optimization and reconfiguration processes.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
RET can be deployed to power the telecom towers to achieve energy
efficiency in the telecom networks leading to less carbon emissions and
less operational costs.
Customization of the RET solution for a particular site requires a thorough
understanding of each technology and its relevant economics
Popular RETs:
Solar PV Cells
Wind Power
Fuel Cells
Hybrid Power Systems
Solar PV cells
Generally, a solar photovoltaic
backup power system is:
Designed in combination with
the appropriately sized battery
bank, or
Used to offset the operation of a
backup power system like a
diesel generator for the
approximately four hours per day
when sunlight is available.
Wind Power
● Viability of wind power
technology is dependent on the
duration of useful wind speed
and quality of wind.
● The dependency on availability of
high quality wind speed has made
the technology unreliable for less
windy sites.
● Wind generators can even be
installed on telecom towers at a
height of 15 meters with suitable
modification in tower design,
taking into account tower
strength.
Hybrid Power Systems
❖ Hybrid systems Grid–DG-Battery-Solar/Wind/Biofuels/Biomass for the rural exchanges can make
alternative power solutions to power the telecom towers and optimize the power requirement fed
through different energy sources.
❖ The hybrid combination uses the best of energy sources and can provide quality, stable power
supply for sustainable development in rural areas.
❖ The system does require availability of diesel generator, though for much reduced duration of
operation.
❖ It is also designed to give priority to RET power so that operation of generators can be minimized to
the extent possible.
❖ The limitation of this approach is the high initial capital investment required.
REFERENCES
[1] Aruna Prem Bianzino, Claude Chaudet, Dario Rossi, and
Jean-Louis Rougier, ―A Survey of Green Networking
Research‖ IEEE communications surveys & tutorials,
vol. 14, no. 1, first quarter 2012
[2] Doron Ezri, Shimi Shilo Greenair Wireless Ramat Gan,
Israel, ―Green Cellular - Optimizing the Cellular
Network for Minimal Emission from Mobile Stations‖
IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, vol. 13, no. 4,
fourth quarter 2011
[3] Yan Chen, Shunqing Zhang, and Shugong Xu,
―Fundamental Trade-offs on Green Wireless Networks‖
IEEE Communications Magazine • June 2011
[4] Jianhua He, Pavel L oskot, Tim OʼFarrell, Vasilis
Friderikos, Simon Armour, John Thompson, ―Energy
Efficient Architectures and Techniques for Green Radio
Access Networks‖ – Invited Paper – IEEE
THANK
YOU
