Curriculum

Development and
Management of
Learning
Dexter L. Consigna
Discussant
Key Takeaways:

Overview of Learning Techniques of Management of Learning

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Three Areas of
Learning Principles Integrative Learning
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Objective Principles Experiential Approach To

of Learning Learning
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 01 What is Learning?

Is the most basic of all human

experience
Includes intellectual, emotional, and
physical learning

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 02 Three Areas of Learning Principles

SELF - CONCEPT
new experience are learned PAST EXPERIENCE
more effectively if they agree
with or enhance our self- to learn more
concept. If a new experience effectively, a person
is painful and insulting, we tend should be aware of the
to reject or to forget it even if
its acceptance would help us influence of his limited
to become better person and selective personal
SUBJECTIVE - PRINCIPLES experience and to
concerned with “what” the
maintain an open and
flexible attitude
learner brings to the learning
situation
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 03 Objectives Principles of Learnings

People differ in their rate of learning

Forgetting is more rapid then learning
Review is essential to retain what has
been learned

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 03 Objectives Principles of Learnings

Learning is more effective when followed by

appropriate rewards
Habits are better formed when the sequence of
continuous, intermittent, and variable reward
schedules are followed
When the preceding schedules are followed, the
behavior can become self-rewarding
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 03 Objectives Principles of Learnings

Generalization permits the learning

of large amounts of information
Discrimination permits appropriate
usage of information learned
through generalization
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 03 Special Learning Techniques

use to increase learning efficiency that

includes :
Massed & distributed learning
Feedback
Overlearning
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 04 Techniques of Management of Learning

Planning the sequence of learning

Learning by feedback
Integrative learning
Experiential approach to learning
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 Planning the sequence of learning
04
In general, when there is a large amount of

information to be learned, such as complex directions, it is best

to distribute the total learning time into separate periods.
Distributed practice – learning section by section is a better
technique than trying to give all the things to be learned at the
same time
Massed practice – learning to solve a problem or learning
an entire sequence at one time with no rest or interruptions

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 04 Learning by feedback

Persons learn better when they are informed as to

the correctness or incorrectness of their responses.
This process is called feedback. Knowledge of
results helps them to learn faster because full
information is available and the task is become more
interesting. There is much evidence that people
learn better when they are constantly informed as
to how they are doing and shown ways to improve.

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 05 Integrative learning

Is a learning theory describing a movement

toward integrated lessons helping students
make connections across curricula
Learning by wholes tends to be better
than learning by parts
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 05 Integrative learning

Fostering students’ abilities to integrate

learning – over time, across courses,
and between academic, personal, and
community life – is one of the most
important goals and challenges of
higher education
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 05 Integrative learning

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 05 Integrative learning

I HEAR AND I FORGET I SEE AND

I REMEMBER
I DO AND I UNDER STAND.
-Ancient Chinese Proverb

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 06 Experiential approach to learning

Is the process of making meaning

from direct experience. “Learning
from experience“
Focuses on the learning process
for the individual
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 06 Experiential approach to learning

The Experiential
Learning Model

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 06 Experiential approach to learning

How do we decide which mode

of experiential learning will work
best?

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 06 5 Factors used in Experiential Education

Learning must be current

Learning must be Eclectic
Learning must be inclusive
learning must deal with the Essential, not
structures and forms
Learning must be Dynamic
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 06 Learning must be current

new ways of doing things are

constantly being introduced

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 06 Learning must be Eclectic

With the current trend to merge the

different disciplines or to use the
interdisciplinary approach, there is not
one subject matter that can claim that
it is the most important of all

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 06 Learning must be inclusive

There is on-going search for new

knowledge, hence, all the
disciplines must contribute to the
discovery of new and more
important techniques
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 Learning must deal with the
06 Essential, not structures and forms

Experiential education focuses on-the spot

data and analysis, planning action and
evaluation are done on here- and now

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 06 Learning must be Dynamic

to be dynamic one is always growing and

alive, hence, learning is an on-going process
careful planning and control is however
necessary for efficient learning

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 06 DOW (1971)

He states that “experiential education

addresses behavior, not attitude; it deals
with action, not concepts. It is a process
philosophy. Its principal thesis is that
learning is only learning when it results in
some new behavior.”
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 06 Recalling & Learning

Recall is a very important factor in learning.There are

several ways of recalling.
Overlearning helps the learner to have a better memory
since he can recall more efficiently overlearned materials.

Self-recitation while the material is being learned.

- recall is helped by recalling during practice

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 06 Recalling & Learning

Periodic review helps to cut down

the effects of forgetting
Following a logical pattern makes us
remember the materials better

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 06 Guidelines for Curriculum Development

Based on the principles and on what have been discussed

in the previous pages, curriculum developers must bear
in mind the following guidelines in making a curriculum:
A good curriculum must encourage inquiry and
creativity
A good curriculum must be democratic with regard to
procedures

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 06 Guidelines for Curriculum Development

A good curriculum must accept individual

differences
A good curriculum must take into consideration
scientific and scholarly techniques and findings
A good curriculum must minimize memorizing
and maximize discovery
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 06 Guidelines for Curriculum Development

A good curriculum must take into

consideration the potential for achievement
through either the individual learner or the
group
A good curriculum must employ teacher
resources in a multi-dimensional role
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THANK YOU !

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