320A

sliding of the cover layer are examined. Effects of permeability failure, for which history and geometry are well documented.
of the structural components on stability and the difficulties in The method cannot deal with progressive failure in 2 dimen-
estimating permeabilities are discussed. sions for a brittle soil which shows post peak softening, or
with progressive failure due to lateral load transfer in 3 dimen-
sions, or lateral load transfer after a slide such that residual
Slopes strength cannot be deduced from backanalysis. Analyses for
these cases are presented.
See also: 925008, 925083, 925084, 925196, 925228, 925283

925363
Atlas of rock engineering mechanisms. Part 2 - slopes. 925367
Technical note Tension cracks and slope failure
Hudson, J A Chowdhury, R N; 7hang, S
lnt J Rock Mecb Min Sci V29, N2, March 1992, P157-159 Proc Conference on Slope Stability Engineering:
Developments and Applications, Isle of Wight, 15-18 April
A second atlas of rock engineering mechanisms is presented to 1991 P27-32. Publ London. Thomas Telford. 1991
complement that published earlier for underground excava-
tions. The purpose is to illustrate the linkage between basic The geomechanics model for slope stability analysis must be
slope features and the rock mechanics and rock engineering realistic. The existence of tension cracks, which reduce the
mechanisms which may relate to the slopes. This is achieved length of potential slip surfaces over which resistance can be
using an interaction matrix, with main factors placed in the mobilised and may fill with water and exert an additional driv-
leading diagonal and off-diagonal boxes indicating coupling ing force, must be taken into account in cohesive soils. An
effects of primary factors. The matrix is not complete, in that approach based on assumption of the depth of tension cracks
additional terms might be added to the leading diagonal. It from interslice forces in any limit equilibrium method of slices
does however form a useful checklist of mechanisms and with is presented. The general Janbu method is modified and com-
development can become a basic tool for slope engineering. bined with an approach involving the Simplex Reflection
Method. The presence of tension cracks in slopes is shown to
925364 significantly lower safety factors.
Mapping slope failure potential using fuzzy sets
Juang, C H; Lee, D H; Sheu, C
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE Vl18, N3, March 1992, P475-
494 925368
Observation of Graben geometry in landslides
An economic, qualitative analysis scheme for mapping slope
Cruden, D M; Thompson, S; Hoffman, B A
failure potential (SFP) using fuzzy set analysis is presented.
Proc Conference on Slope Stability Engineering:
Four categories of factors affecting stability are considered:
geology, topography, meteorology, and environment. Each Developments and Applications, Isle of Wight, 15-18 April
contains 2 to 5 factors, and a total of 13 factors in all is used. 1991 P33-35. Publ London." Thomas Telford, 1991
Evaluation criteria are established for each adopted factor. Where slide movement is principally translational, displaced
Analysis or computation involving fuzzy sets was performed material at the head usually subsides to form a graben. Geo-
using Monte Carlo simulation. A SFP index to measure slope metric data from such grabens from slides on poorly indu-
failure potential is defined. A SFP map of Mount So-San, rated, flat lying sedimentary rocks have been collected in
Taiwan, is prepared, which appears to correctly predict failure Alberta. A simple mechanical model for the processes involved
potential of the study area. is developed. Observations indicate depth from ground surface
to rupture surface is about 1.1 times initial graben width. Pre-
925365 dictions of this ratio from the model developed show consider-
Rain-induced slope failures caused by reduction in soil able scatter, indicating that complicating factors influence the
strength. Technical note simple mechanics assumed.
Yoshida, Y; Kuwano, J; Kuwano, R
Soils Found V31. N4, Dec 1991, P187-193
Shallow depth failures triggered by heavy rainfall were investi-
925369
gated at 4 sites in Japan. Slope angles were 30-45 deg, and soils
varied from sandy to silty. Soil samples were taken for labora- Calculation procedures for slope stability analyses involving
tory strength characterisation. Decreasing strength with negative pore-water pressures
increasing degree of saturation was seen. Slope stability analy- Rahardjo, H; Fredlund, D G
ses showed factors of safety similarly decreasing with increas- Proe Conference on Slope Stability Engineering:
ing saturation, values of unity being reached at saturation Developments and Applications, Isle of Wight, 15-18 April
ratios of 60-90%. 1991 P43-49. Publ London: Thomas Telford, 1991
Two dimensional limit equilibrium methods of slices are com-
925366 monly used in slope analysis because of their proven record
Stability analysis of deep slides in brittle soil - lessons from where pore pressures and soil properties are well characterised
Carsington and their limited input data requirement. The effects of matric
Vaughan, P R suction on shear strength of soils have become better under-
Proc Conference on Slope Stability Engineering: stood in recent years and methods to incorporate them into
Developments and Applications, Isle of Wight, 15-18 April slope stability analysis are proposed. Factors of safety are
1991 PI-II. Publ London: Thomas Telford, 1991 derived with respect to force and moment equilibria. Pore
Limit equilibrium analysis in two dimensions is generally used water designation in terms of pore pressure coefficients, pore
to analyse slope stability. The shortcomings of this approach pressure head contours, or piezometrie lines is possible. An
are examined with particular reference to the Carsington Dam example analysis is presented.

© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted