COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

COMMUNICATION STREAM

TITLE:- INTERNSHIP REPORT

HOSTING COMPANY:- DILLA UNIVERSITY ICT DIRECTORATE

INTERNSHIP DURATION:-(NOV 10-FEB 25,2014 EC)

BY

Abdu Rohman……………………………….......6754/17
Jemal Ahmed …………………………………....5622/17
Mintesnot Hamle………………………………..1322/17
Wendimu Wubetie……………….……………...0958/16
Yonas Muket……………………………………...6188/17

SUBMISSION DATE:- 24/06/2014 E.C

Dilla,Ethiopia

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DECLARATION

We, Students of ECE at Dilla University, hereby declare that this industrial internship report is done under
the guidance of Mr Kebebe and Mr Yigerem Network Adminstrators of DUICT. We have got an
opportunity to work in Dilla University Cisco Company. This report gave us both academic and practical
exposures and the report gave us good expriance to develop a BSC system.

Student Name Signature

1.Abdu Rohman

2.Jemal Ahmed

3.Mintesnot Hamle

4.Wendimu Wubetie

5.Yonas Muket

This Report has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisors.

Advisors Name Signature

1.Elias M.
2.Nigusse B.
3.Fitsum T.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and for most, we are extremely grateful to the DUICT, for giving us the opportunity to carry out
this internship, which is an integral part of the curriculum in Dilla University. Secondly, we would like
to express earnest gratitude and regards to our report advisor Mr. Elias in the Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, for being the corner stone of this report. It was his perpetual motivation and
guidance during the period of doubts and uncertainties that has helped us to carry on with this Report.
Finally, we extend our gratefulness to one and all that are directly or indirectly involved in the
successful completion of this Internships report work.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report introduces several new concepts and terms that will be used through the internship program
and practical application of Electrical & computer Engineering. The internship program is mainly
concerned in communication engineering to create productive, skilled and well-educated generation.
The report is an outcome of the practice that we conducted during the internship period at Dilla University
Information Communication Technology. This bring to us a great opportunity to realize our theoretical
knowledge by practical works, which we gained for the last four years of study in Dilla University.
The purpose of this report is to put in paper the work experience that we had performed and
the knowledge obtained from performing specific tasks while working in a professional environment in this
program.
we developed theoretical knowledge through practical work. This thing makes usto be active and
confidential. This report is divided in to different parts starting from briefly describing the background of
Dilla University Information Communication Technology, including its history,objective, vision, mission
and any others. While the other part is describing the overall internship experience,we had gained during
the practical periods, including the procedure used while preforming task.
Finally, this report includes the benefits that we gained from our internship program in terms of improving
practical skills, interpersonal communication skills, team playing skills, leadership skills,upgrading
theoretical knowledge, work ethics and finalized by conclusions and recommendation and quality.

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. 1: Overall Organization Work Flow .............................................................................................. 4

Table 2. 1: Color and wire function for UTP cable..................................................................................... 13
Table 2.2: Overall output of the system…..………………………………………………………………..56
Table 2.2: Overall output of the system…..………………………………………………………………..56
Table 2.2: Overall output of the system…..………………………………………………………………..56
Table 2.2: Overall output of the system…..………………………………………………………………..56

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.0: DU ICT Structure ....................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 2.1: Firewall ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2.2: Core switch ................................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 2. 3: Switches .................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2. 3: Indoor & outdoor wlan access point......................................................................................... 11
Figure 2. 4: UTP Cable .................................................................................................................................13
Figure 2. 5: straight through cable arrangement .......................................................................................... 14
Figure 2. 6: crossover cable arrangement .................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2. 7: RJ-45 ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 2. 8: crimpers ................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2. 9: keystone jack ........................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.10: punch down tool .................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.11: Tester ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.12: switch configuration .............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 2.16: fusion splicer Device ............................................................................................................. 23
Figure 3.0:Data center……… .................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 3.1:overall simulation….................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 3.3:simulation result ....................................................................................................................... 30

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... iv

ACRONYMS …….................................................................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION ........................................................................... 1

1.1 History ................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Mission ................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.3 Vision .................................................................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Core values.......................................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 The main service of DUICT................................................................................................................ 2

1.6 Main customers and end user of DUICT ............................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 7

INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ...................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 How did we get in to the company ..................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Section of the company we have been working .................................................................................. 7

2.3 How does the workflow looks like in the company ............................................................................ 8

2.4 Tasks we have been executing ............................................................................................................ 8

2.4.1 Physical components of network .......................................................................................................8

2.5 What procedures we have been using while performing our work tasks ........................................ 18

2.5.1 How to wire Ethernet cables ...................................................................................................... 18

2.5.2 Troubleshooting using CMD command ..................................................................................... 19

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2.5.4 How to Configure CISCO Switch using PUTTY Software? ...................................................... 19

2.5.6 Fiber Optic Fusion Splicers and How They Work………………………………………

22

2.5.6.0 What is a fiber optic fusion

splicer?..............................................................................22

2.5.6.1 How does fiber optic fusion splicer work ……………………………………………

23

2.6 How we are good in performing our task .........................................................................................

23

2.7 Problem encountered during internship ............................................................................................ 24

2.8 Solutions for problem encountered ................................................................................................... 26

2.9 Project on fire detection and prevention system for data center……………..……………………..28

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 56

OVER ALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP PROGRAM ...................................................... 56

3.1 Practical skills ...................................................................................................................................... 56

3.2 Improving Theoretical Skill ................................................................................................................. 56

3.3 Interpersonal communication skills ...................................................................................................... 57

3.4 Team playing skills ............................................................................................................................... 57

3.4.1 In what way did we develop our team playing skill in DUICT ................................................. 58

3.5 Leadership skills ............................................................................................................................... 58

3.6 About work ethics related issue ........................................................................................................ 61

3.6.1 Strong Work Ethic ..................................................................................................................... 61

3.6.2 Dependability and Responsibility .............................................................................................. 62

3.6.3 Possessing a Positive Attitude .................................................................................................... 63

3.6.4 Adaptability ................................................................................................................................ 62

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3.6.5 Honesty and Integrity ................................................................................................................. 62

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 63

ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS…………………………………………………………………………63

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................63

4.0 Entrepreneurship skills…………………………………………………………………………….63

4.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 63

4.2 Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 64

References ................................................................................................................................................... 65

Appendixes ................................................................................................................................................. 77

ACRONYMS

DUICT- Dilla University Information Communication and Technology

PC- Personal Computer

UTP- Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

RJ-45- Register Jack-45

LAN- Local Area Network

WAN- Wide Area Network

CMD- Command Prompt

NOC- Network Operation Center

LED- Light Emitting Diode

OTDR- Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

DHCP- Dynamic Host Control Protocol

MAC- Media Access Control

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ECE- Electrical and computer Engineering

MbPs-Megabit per second

GbPs-Gigabyte per second

GSM – Global System for Mobile

SMS – Short Message Service

SIM – Subscriber Identity Module

LCD – Liquid Crystal Display

AVR – Advanced Virtual RISC

LED – Light Emitting Unit

NO – Normal Open

NC – Normal Closed

RS – Register Select

R/W – Read/Write

GPS – Global Positioning System

IDE – Integrated Development Environment

PWM – Pulse-Width Modulatio

IC – Integrated Circuit

GND – Ground

DC – Direct Current

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AC – Alternative Current

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CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

1.1 History

Dilla University is the 1996’s Dilla College of Teachers’ Education and Health Sciences with
Faculty of Teachers’ Education and Faculty of Health Sciences. However, in 2001, the College was
included in the newly emerging University – Debub University. In 2004, Dilla College once again
went through another phase and sprung in to a full- fledged University by the councils of minister’s
regulation No 129/04 [1]. ICT center of Dilla University was established in 2006 as a computer
center, by deploying dialup connection, out-reaching management offices. Lack of professionals
characterizes the center, where instructors from mathematics and physics departments were assigned
to manage and coordinate the office. It was later in 2007 that an optical fiber installation was
activated, exploring almost all the buildings of the time. Despite the launched developments, its
functionality and perpetuity were obstructed for lack of documentation to refer, and the temporary
instability due to institutional partitioning from the Debub University. Ever since its establishment,
the center has been working closely with different sections of the university to create awareness of
ICT, giving training for some staff members of the University, and most importantly to expand
network and Internet facilities for the University community. The office is currently established as
an ICT Directorate office level with one director four team leaders, 21 professionals and 8 technical
supportive staffs .

1.2 Mission

Develop high-tech ICT infrastructure and provide superior quality services whereby the teaching,
learning, research, and administrative activities of the university are carried out by utilizing the
resources and services efficiently and effectively.

1.3 Vision

❖ To become a dynamic Directorate of ICT Excellence center propelling Dilla University to be one
of top ten Universities of East Africa in 2013 EC.

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❖ Ensure that ICT is fully integrated into every operations of the University in order to speed up and
improve quality of activities of Dilla University.
1.4 Core values

❖ DU ICT obligations will be executed with commitment and professionalism.

❖ DU ICT will maintain a sense of self respect, discipline, and responsibility.

❖ DU ICT commits them to the practice of teamwork.

❖ DU ICT embraces efficacy and excellence.

1.5 The main service of DUICT

❖ Provide sustainable and quality ICT infrastructure and improve student and staff access to ICT
resources in line with University priorities.

❖ Ensure all staff members are motivated and skilled in the use of ICT to spark the culture of
continuous development in ICT expertise and exposures.

❖ Initiate/Develop/Supervise application development for different sections of the University and

provide ongoing maintenance of both the software and the hardware.

❖ Building a digital teaching-learning environment both in terms of teaching-learning materials and in

terms of digital resource sharing, promoting interactive academic and professional communications
between teachers, administrative staff, researchers and students.

❖ Provide on time and online user support platform for the University community.

❖ Establish a dynamic and adaptive online University communication network serving internal and
external users.

❖ Expand training and consultancy wings, including income-generating schemes, gearing to introduce
and promote ICT to the internal and external community, by raising the capabilities and efficiencies
in ICT use.

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1.6 Main customers and end user of DUICT

The DU ICT office strives to provide quality information and communication service to the university's
community. Always there is a growing demand towards quality ICT facility. Moreover, each day brings its own
challenge and dangers towards the safe way of communication on the internet.
Maintenance work for all the computers, printers and some other related electronic tools in the Dilla University.
❖ Protecting computers in the university from various computer security threats.

❖ Developing important applications for the University.

❖ Providing ICT related training and consultancy.

❖ Facilitating teaching and learning technologies.

❖ Providing internet service for the university staff.

❖ Publishing and maintaining the university's website.

❖ Providing ICT support in cases of seminars, workshops and other events.

❖ Establishing computer laboratories and providing support.

❖ Facilitating the delivery of the ICT and other computer courses.

❖ Providing assistance in the purchase of computers and other related electronic tools.

ICT Directorate

Infrastructure Teaches and Support and Training and

and Service Learning Tech- Maintenance Consultancy
Team nologies Team

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Figure 1. 1 DU ICT Structure

Table 1. 1: Overall Organization Work Flow

No Teams Input Process Output

1 Training and Arrange trainings for the Create basic awareness on
Consultancy ICT team. Plan Inter- Internet, security,
Team ICT Team knowledge productivity tools, emerging
and exchange sharing. technologies and new
projects in ICT for the
Arrange training for campus
campus users and staff.
users and staff about newly
implemented and developed
applications.

2 Support and Single point of contact Prepare depreciation, Maintain failed office
Maintenance for ICT related issues, discarding and replacement equipment (printer, UPS,
Team problems, requests. plan for equipment. computer, laptops, phones,
network devices). Perform
Taking computer related
preventive maintenance
issues/problems from
regularly.
anyone in the
university. Keep an inventory of
maintained and replaced
items.

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3 Infrastructure Skilled professionals on Plan, implement and manage Create and manage the
and Services networking, Electric the Internet connectivity to physical layer connectivity
power, Networking have high security, internal of new and existing
Tefam
device like, switch, hub communication and campuses, buildings,
bridge and routers, collaboration platforms classrooms, offices and
cables like fiber optics (email, portal, unified laboratories.
UTP, budget, etc. communication) s, online
Creating acceptable and use
and offline backup, patch
policy for the network and
management and end point
Internet. Secure the network
malware protection for
from Internal and external
campus users and staff
threats.
workstations, central
Identity management Monitor real time status of
solution for existing and the physical and logical
new systems to be connections.
implemented. Log and audit network
access.

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4 Teaching and Newly Implemented Plan, implement and manage Work with the academic
Learning applications E-learning and Digital departments for course
Technologies infrastructure. material preparation and
Questions about the new
uploading.
Team system from user and
ICT team. Create the technical
infrastructure within
campuses, inter-campuses
and inter-universities for
video conferencing and tele
education.

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CHAPTER TWO

INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 How did we get in to the company

As a rule of school of Technology at Dilla University the student has the right to elect the place for
internship program. This internship program is set to enhance the practical education of the student.
In case we elect the best company that provides enough work. Since we have enough information
about DU ICT we have interested to be in this company. As a result, the institute appreciates us to
find the company nearby offering legal institutional requesting letter to host us for required periods
by assigning supervisors and making the necessary follow up.

2.2 Section of the company we have been working

Shown above DU ICT Directorate there is four teams and those work together for ICT directorate
with a different staff. From those teams we have joined the Infrastructure and Services Team, which
is Network installation, configuration, management and maintenance.

The main purpose we have been there in DU ICT is we were very interested to participate in the

Network installation of the companies’ project. Since the company provides the project to us, we are
assigned to perform in the Network Installation we worked with them for four months.

The main activity given to us in the company is designing and installing network. This network is
done for different areas in Dilla University. This network installation is done for DU offices. This
Network design was to interconnect the whole DU offices in Dilla University (Odaya’a). Since we
are two, after the whole description of the network. The main activity is designing, installing of
local area Network (LAN) for these DU community.

2.3 How does the workflow looks like in the company

DU ICT is the magnificent institution that provides inconvincible services for DU communities the ICT
DU is leaded by bureau of DU ICT directorate. These bureaus have different professionals.

These employees (professionals) are the accessories of this company.

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DU ICT is created to developed country-based technologies. This ICT section facilitates the
utilization of computers to increase their productive activity and to avoid wastage of a time. This
section also gives basic computer skills how they use computers, maintaining computers,
automation and how to transfer information from one section to another section by using
networking. Most of the staffs in this section are graduates in Computer Science and Information
Technology.

2.4 Tasks we have been executing

In this company we have been executing many tasks. We

are executing two tasks: -

➢ Physical components of network

➢ Network configuration and Installation

2.4.1 Physical components of network

I. Network Device

A. Firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier
between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network, such as the Internet [3].

Figure 2. 1: Firewall

B. Router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. A router
is connects to two or more data lines from different IP networks [4].

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Figure 2. 2: Cisco Router [5]

C. Switch is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet
switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport
network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer (layer two) of the
OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer three) by
additionally incorporating routing functionality [6].

Figure 2. 3: Switches

D. Wireless Router is a device that performs the functions of a router also includes the functions
of a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the internet or a private computer
network. Depending on the manufacture and model. It can function in a wired local area
network, in a wireless-only LAN, or in a mixed wired and wireless network [7].

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Figure 2.4 a)indoor Wlan AP Figure 2.4 a) outdoor Wlan AP

II. Cables and connecters

 Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use electrical signals over copper to transmit data. Fiberoptic
cables use light signals to transmit data. These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost.
 Two types of cables can be made: a straight-through cable and a crossover cable.

▪ A straight-through cable is the most common cable type. The wiring scheme is the same
on both sides.

▪ A crossover cable uses both wiring schemes. T568A on one end of the cable and T568B
on the other end of the same cable.

 Fiber-optic cables are broadly classified into two types:

a) Single-mode fiber (SMF) - Uses lasers to send a single ray of light that can travel
hundreds of kilometers.
b) Multimode fiber (MMF) - Uses LEDs to send multiple light signals that can travel up
to 550 meters. Twisted-pair is the most popular type of cabling used in LANs today.

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2.4.2 Network configuration and Installation

In network configuration and installation, there are so many tasks been executed using the following
hardware and software devices: -

a) PUTTY Software:

• we used this software to look the attached port number and it help as to configure switches.

b) DRILLER:

• we used this material to drill the wall in order to connect the trunk and node to wall.

c) TRUNKING:

• We used the material as both protection and organization of multiple running cables.
Due to health and safety reasons, cables should ways be kept tidy and organized, a
cable Trunking will achieve this by eliminating any possible tripping hazards.

d) CAT-6 CABLE:

• We transmit data between different devices using cat-6 UTP cables. It data rate is up to
10Gbps and data transmits up to 100M.

Figure 2. 4: UTP Cable

Table 2. 1: Color and wire function for UTP cable [8]

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➢ Straight through cable arrangement:

▪ we used this cable in order to connect different network devices. For example, Computer to Hub/Switch normal
port, Router to Switch /Hub normal port.

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Figure 2. 5:
Type A Type B
straight through
1st
White/Green (W/G) White/Orange (W/O) cable arrangement

2nd Green Orange

3rd White/Orange (W/O) White/Green (W/G)

➢ Crossover
4th Blue Blue
cable arrangement:
5th
White/Blue (W/B) White/Blue (W/B)

6th Orange Orange

7th White/Brown (W/Br) White/Brown (W/Br)

8th Brown Brown

▪ we used this cable to connect the same network devices. For example, connect two
computers, router LAN port to switch/hub normal port, connect two switch/hub by using
normal port.

RJ45 ------------------------------------------------------------- RJ45

1. White orange 1. White green

2. Orange 2. Orange

3. White green 3. White orange

4. Blue 4. White brown

5. White blue 5. Brown

6. Green 6. Orange

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7. White brown 7. Blue

8. Brown 8. White blue

Figure 2. 6: crossover cable arrangement

e) RJ-45(Male):

• We were used the RJ-45 for connection of Ethernet network adapters. It is an 8pin
connection and this connecter most connected to the end of cat 6 cable, which is
connected between a computer network card and a network device such as a
network switch.

Figure 2. 7: RJ-45

f) CRIMPER:

• Crimper is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or both in
a way that causes them to hold each other.

• We were used the crimper to make different standard Ethernet cable for DU staff
the purpose of internet service.

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Figure 2. 8: crimpers

g) KEYSTONE JACKS (FEMALE):

• Is a standardized snap-in package for mounting a variety of low-voltage

electrical jacks or optical connectors into a keystone wall plate, surfacemount
box, or a patch panel.

Figure 2. 9: keystone jack

h) PUNCH DWON(KRONE) TOOL:-We have been working using this tool to connect telecommunications and
network wires to a patch panel, punch down block, keystone module, or surface mount box.

Figure 2. 10: punch down tool

i) TESTER:

• We did test cable a lot of times and it helps as to check the cable we make is correct or not and
length of the cable

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Figure 2. 11: Tester

2.5 What procedures we have been using while performing our work tasks

2.5.1 How to wire Ethernet cables

a. First, we prepared the necessary materials that was useful for executing the task such as Cuter, RJ-
45, Tester, Crimper and Cable.

b. Asking the required Ethernet cable length was how long.

c. Then we cut the required cable (Cat-6) length from the cable box and striped off about 2 inches of
the Ethernet cable sheath in both ends.

d. Untwist the paired thin cables then we aligned the colors according the given instruction (crossover
or straight through).

e. Trimmed all wires to the same length then we inserted the wires in to the RJ-45 plug- we make
sure because each wire is fully inserted to the front of the RJ-45 plug and in the correct order.
f. The sheath of the Ethernet cable should extend into the plug by about 1/2” and it would been held
in place by the crimp.

g. We crimped the RJ-45 plug with the crimper tool.

h. At the other end side of the cable the same procedure would been followed and finally we would
test the cable was correct or not.

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2.5.2 Troubleshooting using CMD command

a. We would bound up with as all the necessary toolkits when we want to solve the problem
occurred on the DU offices.

b. Then we looked the problem or failure was from the end side of the user or from the network
distributed side (data center). If the problem was from the user side, we looked the
PC/computer settings.

c. We clicked the network connection icon then click on the “open network and sharing center”
=> click on the Ethernet and “enable” the setting and click on the “properties” and we check
the IP version it should been on the “TCP/IPv4” and the click on the “properties” and click
on “obtain IP address assigned automatically”.

d. After that if the network not worked, we solved using CMD command

➢ ipconfig /all

➢ ipconfig /release

➢ ipconfig /renew

Finally, the PC/computer restarted the network connection and it got the ip address automatically (DHCP)
from the core router then the computer states browse internet.

2.5.3 How to Configure CISCO Switch using PUTTY Software?

Switch configuration
The final duties we were given was configuring the switch that receives connection from ASTU data center and
shares to the ports we installed. We have done this task at the end of the second month after we finished all the
installation. We configured the switch using PuTTY software.
There was some adjustment on the software before start configuring to connect the switch with the software.

2.5.3.0 Basic switch functions, names and passwords

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The switch name is tool to let us see what device we are connected to. The prompt will display the name of the
switch so SW1> tells us that we are connected to a switch named 'SW1'. The prompt also tells us another thing,
“where” in the different hierarchical modes of the switch we are. The switch has three basic modes, unprivileged,
privilege (or enable) and configuration mode. The prompts are, in the same order:
SW1>en
SW1#
SW1(config)#
The configuration mode actually has a few sub-modes like interface configuration and line
configuration:
SW1(config-if)#
SW1(config-line)#
Some features, like the configuration VLAN, have their own sub-modes.

2.5.3.2 Configuring a name

The configuration mode is mainly used for configuration that will affect the “whole” switch (in contrast to
interface configuration mode that will only affect the specified interface or interfaces). To change the name, we
move to configuration mode and we execute the following

command:
SW1(config)#hostname newHostname
newHostname(config)#

2.5.3.6 Privilege mode password (enable password)

There are actually two ways to configure the” enable” password for the switch, one in plain text (keyword
password) and one that's encrypted using a special form of the MD5 hash (keyword secret). This example will only
show how to set the encrypted password:
SW1(config)#enable secret password
Whenever a user tries to move from the unprivileged to the privilege modes, a prompt will appear asking for the
password.
2.5.3.7 Password for the console

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To limit the access via the console port (used for initial and on-site configuration) we use the
following string of commands:
SW1(config)#line console 0
SW1(config-line)#password class
SW1(config-line)#login
This will set the password 'class' for the console line. Whenever someone connect to the port, they will be
prompted for a password.

2.5.3.8 Password for network access

Since it's not always possible to make a physical connection to the switch, it might
be a good idea to make it accessible via the network. The simplest way is to allow access via telnet, only
prompting for a password:
SW1(config)#line vty 0 4
SW1(config-line)#password class
SW1(config-line)#login
The login command is default for the VTY and the command can be used to disable access via the network (no
login).

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Figure 2. 12: switch configuration

2.5.6 Fiber Optic Fusion Splicers and How They Work

2.5.6.0 What is a fiber optic fusion splicer?

A fiber optic fusion splicer is a device that uses an electric arc to melt two optical fibers together at their
end faces, to form a single long fiber. The resulting joint, or fusion splice, permanently joins the two
glass fibers end to end, so that optical light signals can pass from one fiber into the other with very little
loss.

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2.5.6.1 How does a fusion splicer work?

Before optical fibers can be successfully fusion-spliced, they need to be carefully stripped of their outer jackets and
polymer coating, thoroughly cleaned, and then precisely cleaved to form smooth, perpendicular end faces. Once all
of this has been completed, each fiber is placed into a holder in the splicer’s enclosure. From this point on, the
fiber optic fusion splicer takes over the rest of the process, which involves 3 steps:

Figure 2.16:a) What is a fiber optic fusion splicer? Figure 2.16:b) How does a fusion splicer work?

2.6 How we are good in performing our task

Practical attachment is used to give students practical exposal of work in different organization.
During this period student is expect to attend the work of the organization like any regular employee
and perform any activities that the organization gives for him/her. The organization also expected to
make maximum effort to utilize the student’s knowledge and practical skill.

We are truly gratified that we had so many experiences from this internship program. At the time of
apparent, we had many unconquerable things for our future. Our Advisor was communicating with
us at any time about what to do and what to add on our task.

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2.7 Problem encountered during internship

Everybody can face a challenge while performing any tasks so is it. We faced so many problems that
challenges our work but these difficulties did not stop us from executing our tasks. Among many
difficulties and measures taken, these are some of them: -

 Problem:-Interpersonal communication skill : On the first month of the internship time

difficult to communicate inter personally with networking team staffs. Because each
person has its own personal behavior due to this it difficult to inter communicate easily.
 Problem:-Punctuality of Employee: Employees are not punctual and they are not on
time always
 Problem:-Shortage of chairs for internship students: for first time when we started the
job there was enough chairs however, after amonth due to the coming of some delayed
students we faced shortage of chair .
 problem:-Shortage of network maintenance equipment: The abundance of network
equipment is used for making Ethernet cable, network maintenance and network
installation are not enough such as crimper, cutter, puncher, driller and etc.

 Problem:-the labeling problem this means during installation of cables in some buildings
the labeling were not sequential. That were the number, which was attach at the wall out
late mismatched to that of the number attached on the patch panel. This kind of problems
caused during the first installation of network infrastructure in the buildings. Because of
this during troubleshooting, it is difficult to identify the end user node easily and to
identify the uplink port from the access ports and the trunk ports. The time to
troubleshooting long or ten-fifteen
 Problem:- Vlan Mismatch this problem was happened in two causes. The first cause
physical configuration process of network device like routers and switches. During
configuration time if the administer mismatched the vlan, such problems are happened.
In our internship time such vlan mismatch problem is happened. As example, the access
switch at mechanical department in first floor student lab. The switch is in vlan 80 but

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the core switch, which the fiber is connected, is in vlan km. bn90, because of this vlan
mismatch problem is happened so we can’t access the internet through this switch. The
other cause was using the UTP cable from building to building for internet access but in
this case if the vlan in the first building is not allowed in the other building the vlan
mismatch happened. This causes the whole staff member in the building out of service,
due to that the service needed from that department cut or the teachers who uploads the
students grade online is impossible.
 Problem:-broken fiber cables Moreover, the other main problem was the broken fiber
and use of very long length UTP cable. The optical fiber cables, which installed
underground damaged or failed because of reconstruction process of the building in DU.
Caused when very heavy artillery cars moved over optical cable and excavating. This
causes the buildings to be out of any network service or access. Due to this, they used
very long length UTP cable such work would change network topology and it minimize
the quality of service
 Problem:-network device communication problems this problem is encounter if we use
the network device that are manufactured in different companies. This means network
devices that are produced in different companies are operating system are different, as a
result cannot communicate easily with each other and when first time connect each other
takes time to read each other. As an example, if the core switch at the ground floor,
which support switch fiber port, is the manufacture of cisco and the access switch in the
first and second floor offices are the product of Alcatel and other companies, it cannot
easily communicate each other

2.8 Measures taken to overcome these problems

 Solution:-We overcome the interpersonal communication challenge by understanding

the motive and behaviors of staffs. As we know interpersonal communication challenge
need self-motivation and closeness to person who works together. Therefore, in order to
overcome interpersonal communication challenge, the first thing is politely asking
questions and making conversation, in this case we can overcome such challenges. So,

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we were trying to overcome or solve the challenge through this way. In addition,
challenges solved gradually; the relation with staff is like as a friendship..
 Solution: We have reported this to the head of the ICT directorate
 Solution:- the scarcity of chair the problem happened when our friends comes to our
office from Northern part of the country , due the occurrence of conflict and harsh
condition. Due to that we collaborated, we raised the issue to the higher official of
DUICT, as result we have tried to solve this problem by dividing students into two
groups and arranging them in the morning and afternoon
 Solution:- In order to overcome this problem, we inform the case to our supervisors
based on that they told to the directorate of DUICT. And we take additional equipment
and tools from the store.
In order to overcome such problems, we were trying to announce the way to fix or troubleshoot
simple network problems to the users. In addition to this, we told to some users, they should not
unplug the patch cord, which connect the patch panel and layer two switch in the rack.
Moreover, we locked the unlocked racks.

minutes taken. Due to this time wasted for the other works in DUICT

 Solution:- in order to solve such type of problems remove the first number that are attached
at end user node and rewrite by using parkers or reattach the new identifier number that is
matched to the number attached at the patch panel port number. However, to solve this
problem permeant the DU to reinstall the mismatched ports. Because it simplifies the
workload and reduce the time wasted to, five-eight minutes take to troubleshoot. This leads
the workers to expend their time to work another.

minutes taken. Due to this time wasted for the other works in DUICT

 Solution:- in order to solve such type of problems remove the first number that are attached
at end user node and rewrite by using parkers or reattach the new identifier number that is
matched to the number attached at the patch panel port number. However, to solve this
problem permeant the DU to reinstall the mismatched ports. Because it simplifies the
workload and reduce the time wasted to, five-eight minutes take to troubleshoot. This leads
the workers to expend their time to work another.

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 Solution:- (solution for example) in order to solve such problems, we reconfigured the
switch by using computer through console cable at vlan 90 which is matched to core switch.
After reconfiguration we can access an internet. In addition, when using UTP cable for
building to building connection to allow the vlan of the first building in the other buildings
by configuration.
Solution:- As mentioned above different companies manufactured different network devices with
different operating system and cannot communicate easily. Therefore, it recommended that DUICT
should use the network device, which are the product of the same company. Because if we use the
same company devices it minimizes communicating time delay. As we know DUICT uses more the
product of CISCO company devices and best to changes other device like alkatel deviceSolution:-
The primary solution is to fix the fiber cable. Detecting the broken fiber place is the first step using
detecting device, which called OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). Then splicing the fiber
by two methods, by mechanical or by fusion methods and reuse it. From the two methods the fusion
splice is the preferred because cost per splice is cheaper, lower insertion loss (less than 0.1 dB),
lower reflectance, very high performance, strong, reliable and weather proof joint.in general, it is
cost-effective and time-effective. And the other solution is, if the fiber broken harshly damaged
between the data center and the building other method to be used. It is to cascade or to split in to
two from the fiber in the nearest building. All the above solutions are the primary method because
of the transfer rate is greater than other cable. If we see the differences the UTP cables used to
communicate building to building the theoretically maximum data transfer rate is 100 Mbps but if
the fiber cable fixed and used for transfer (communication) the theoretically maximum data transfer
rate is 1Gbps. This means the fiber cable 10 times faster than UTP cable or it transfer 1Gega byte
data in a second but the UTP cables needs 10 or greater seconds to transfer, time wasted and it
reduces the quality of service. Therefore, the fiber cables much preferred than using UTP cables due
to speed, time and quality service.

2.9 Project on Fire Detection and Prevention for Data Center

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2.9.1 Background

A data center -- is a facility room composed of networked computers, storage systems and computing
infrastructure that businesses and other organizations use to organize, process, store and disseminate large amounts
of data. A business typically relies heavily upon the applications, services and data contained within a data center,
making it a focal point and critical asset for everyday operations.

2.9.1.2 What are the core components of data centers?

Elements of a data center are generally divided into three categories:

1. Computation

2. Enterprise data storage

3. Networking

A modern data center concentrates an organization's data systems in a well-protected physical infrastructure,

including:

 servers;

 storage subsystems;

 networking switches, routers and firewalls;

 cabling; and

 physical racks to organize and interconnect IT equipment.

Data center resources usually include:

 power distribution and supplemental power subsystems;

 electrical switching;

 UPSes;

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 backup generators;

 ventilation and data center cooling systems, such as in-row cooling configurations and computer room air
conditioners; and

 adequate provisioning for network carrier (telcom) connectivity.

All of this demands a physical facility with physical security access controls and sufficient square footage to house
the entire collection of infrastructure and equipment.

Fig 2.17 Data center

2.9.1.3 What cause data center outages?

 Most data center outages can be attributed to these four general categories.
 Power:-ups failure, inadequate generator start up or maintainance or other issues with backup power
system.
 People:- misconfigured routers,server authentication system and other software/hardware infrastructure

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 Disaster:-natural and man made disaster including fire,flood,earthquake,war

 Connectivity:-loss of WAN or other internet connection in remote area,telecom service failu

Therefore Securing those very costly properties found in data center against fire is becoming more and more
important. Data center fire detection is a matter of great concern, and thus many efforts are devoted in most
developed countries to the design of automatic detection systems. A fire alarm system should reliably and in a
timely way notify admins of the data center about the presence of fire indicators, such as smoke or high
temperatures. A fire detector is usually implemented as a smoke sensor due to its early fire detection capability,
fast response time and relatively low cost. Other options for the fire detection are based on gas sensors or
temperature sensors fire detectors that use a single sensor, generally a smoke sensor, and present high false-alarm
rates due to temperature changes.

Generally, fire detectors are designed to respond at an early stage to one more of the four major
characteristics of combustion, heat, smoke, flame or gas. No single type of detector is suitable for all
types of premises or fires. Heat detectors respond to the temperature rise associated with a fire and
smoke detector respond to the smoke or gas generated due to fire.

2.9.2 Description of the project

This system is a kind of stand-alone embedded system. It is a self-contained device. It takes either
digital or Analog inputs from its input ports, calibrates, converts, and processes the data, and outputs
the resulting data to its attached output device, which either displays data, or controls and drives the
attached devices.

These devices could be for example, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and short
message service (SMS) to carry out data from the data center with sensors directly alert the admins
to their mobile phone.

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2.9.3 Statement of the Problem

The most prevalent threat faced by data center is FIRE. No institution is immune from fire. Until the
owners/admins of DU develop plans for dealing with the fire threat, they place the data center at
risk. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when it has spread across a
large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to one or more mobile numbers
and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages and losses
created by a fire accident at the data center.

2.9.4 Objective of the project

2.9.4.1 General objective

The main purpose of this project is to design and implement an automatic fire and smoke detection
and prevention system for data center that can be produced at a low cost with effective and
competitive usage. This System is designed to be more users friendly and easy to operate at any
level.

2.9.4.2 Specific objective

The project is also been designed to be further working vision using minimum hardware at the lower
level of processing. These systems are directed at specific applications.Our objective is to design a
fire and smoke detection and prevention system for data center that would fulfill the following:

 To indicate the room in which fire erupted.

 To indicate the location where the fire is occurred.

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 To prevent fire and smoke.

 To sound the alarm if fire occurs.

 To run the emergency EXIT servo motor and control the fire by supplying water to
the remote area by motor pump.

 To indicate the state of the room as ‘Safe’ in order to avoid any confusion under
normal condition. So the system should never be in any ambiguous state.

2.9.5 Project Scope

In a way to achieved above objectives, this project need to be implemented as below:

 This fire alarm system can also incorporate the heat and flame detector that are
connected in parallel.

 The microcontroller is used as the heart of this fire alarm system that controls the
entire operations involved.

 The fire alarm system is capable to locate and identified the place that is in fire where
by it is monitored using the monitoring system&Capable to display the output from each
sensor in the monitoring system.

2.9.7 Methdology

2.9.7.0 Basic Overview

In the basic overview of our project we use sensors (MQ-2 smoke sensor and LM35 temperature
sensor) for input, and GSM module, GPS module, motors (servo and DC motor), buzzer and LCD
display for output. And also ARDUINO UNO microcontroller in side it uses for the overall decision

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maker of the entire system. We use ARDUINO code typically C programing language to interface
the hardware and the software.

2.9.7.1 Hardware Requirement

A.Microcontroller

An embedded microcontroller is a microcomputer that contains most of its peripherals and required
memory inside a single integrated circuit along with the CPU. It is in actuality "a microcomputer on
a chip.".

Figure2.18 Microcontroller [12]

B. Temperature Sensor (LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor)

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling.

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Figure 2.19 LM 35 Temperature sensor [13]

C.MQ-2 Smoke Sensor

The MQ-2 smoke sensor reports smoke by the voltage level that it outputs. The more smoke there is,
the greater the voltage that it outputs. Conversely, the less smoke that it is exposed to, the less
voltage it outputs. The MQ-2 also has a built-in potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity to smoke. By
adjusting the potentiometer, you can change how sensitive it is to smoke, so it's a form of calibrating
it to adjust how much voltage it will put out in relation to the smoke it is exposed to.

Figure 2.smoke sensor [14]

D.BC548 NPN transistor

BC548 is general purpose silicon, NPN, bipolar junction transistor. It is used for amplification and
switching purposes. The current gain may vary between 110 and 800. The maximum DC current
gain is 800. The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its
characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. For amplification applications, the transistor is
biased such that it is partly on for all input conditions.

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Figure 2.21 BC548 Pin Diagram [15]

E. Relay

Relay is one of the most important electromechanical devices highly used in industrial applications specifically in
automation. A relay is used for electronic to electrical interfacing i.e. it is used to switch on or off electrical circuits
operating at high AC voltage using a low DC control voltage. A relay generally has two parts, a coil which
operates at the rated DC voltage and a mechanically movable switch. The electronic and electrical circuits are
electrically isolated but magnetically connected to each other, hence any fault on either side does not affects the
other side

Figure 2.22 DC Relay [16]

F. LCD Display (16X2 LCD)

A Liquid Crystal Display commonly abbreviated as LCD is basically a display unit built using
Liquid Crystal technology. When we build real life/real world electronics based projects, we need a
medium/device to display output values and messages. – Liquid Crystal Displays comes in

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different size specifications. Out of all available LCD modules in market, the most commonly used
one is16×2 LCD Module which can display 32 ASCII characters in 2 lines (16 characters in 1 line).

 ;

Figure 2.23 16X2 LCD display [17]

G. GSM Modem

The acronym GSM is presently understood to mean Global System for Mobile Communications.
We chose the SIM 900A because that our county Ethiopia support the SIM 900 2G network. It
requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate
communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
number similar to mobile phones for their identification.

Figure 2.24
SIM900A GSM
module [18]

H. Power Supply

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The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The A.C. input i.e, 220V from
the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier

I. Buzzer

For alarm purposes a lot of electric bells, alarms and buzzers are available in the market that has got
different prices and uses. The buzzer being used in this project is a 5-12 V buzzer and has got
enough alarm sound to be used in a fire alarm system.

Figure 2.26 Buzzer [19]

J. DC motor

A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current (DC). The
stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore the current in the rotor is switched by the
commentator to also be stationary in space. This is how the relative angle between the stator and
rotor magnetic flux is maintained near 90 degrees, which generates the maximum torque.

Figure 2.27 DC motor[20]

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K. Servo motor

Inside a servo motor, there are a small DC motor, potentiometer, and a control circuit. The motor is
attached by gears to the control wheel. The motor rotates, the potentiometer's resistance changes, so
the control circuit can precisely regulate how much movement there is and in which direction. The
servo motor in this project operates on 6V.

Figure 2.28 Servo motor [21]

L. GPS Module

GPS or Global Positioning System is a satellite navigation system that furnishes location and time
information in all climate conditions to the user. GPS is used for navigation in planes, ships, cars
and trucks also. The system gives critical abilities to military and civilian users around the globe.

Figure 2.29 GPS Module [22]

2.9.8 Software Requirements

In our project we used two software for simulation and writing the code.

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 Arduino IDE – to write the code

 Proteus 8 professional – to design the system

2.9.9 System Design and Analaysis

2.9.9.0 System Requirements

In this Chapter we are going to explain about the system design construction through hardware and development of
software. In addition, the chapter elaborates the hardware and the software stage by stage. All the operations of
hardware and software are also included in this chapter.

GSM &GPS
MODULE
DISPLAY

ARDUIN
SENSORS
O UNO

BUZZER
MOTORS

Figure 2.30 System block diagram

The sensor basically the input that will be triggered to the controller to control the motor by certain
condition or programming. The controller is set to decide how the output will be produced from the
motor and will be displayed at the display part. As the system requires the use of microcontroller,

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the design consists of two parts, hardware and software. Hardware is constructed an integrated
module by module, hardware to software for easy troubleshoot.

2.9.9.1 System Architecture

The system architecture of the automatic output appliance can be divided into four main Modules.

They are:

 Microcontroller Module

 Sensory module

 GSM Module

 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Module

The integration of the modules are producing the system which is more or less can be divided into
two phase where the first phase is the output smart Appliance system and the second phase the
monitoring system. The microcontroller, sensory and Appliance modules are in the

first phase of the system and LCD module is in the second phase monitoring system.

LCD
ROOM
ARDUNIO SMS MESSAGE
UNO
SMOCK AND
TEMPRATURE SENSORS

BUZZER

WATER PUMP FOR FIRE

EMERGENCY EXIT

Figure 2.31 Block diagram of smart appliance system

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Figure 2.32 schematic capture of the simualtion

2.9.10 RESULT AND DISCUSION

2.9.10.0 Result

The aim of the project was to implement and design automatic fire alarming and monitoring for
factories, a smart home system aviation industries and the goal was met. The microcontroller unit

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responds to the instructions sent by the mobile phone according to the necessity of the application as
well as triggers the alarm upon a critical situation. The aim of the application to manage the
electronic devices remotely was also achieved.

For water pump: in order for fire to occur the temperature value should be greater than or equal
too fifty or smoke value should be high for sensors. And the GSM module will send “FIRE
OCCURED” and in the LCD display “NO SAFE

Finally, the emergency exit is manly dependent on the servo motor in order to operate in a manner
ROOM LCD SMS Pump
display

ROOM Not Fire pump

safe occured on

that can close and open the digital door lock and automatically positioned the motor pump in case of
fire incidents only.

Table 2. 1 Overall output of the system

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figure 2.34 simulation result of the project

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2.9.10.1Discussion

There are different ways to have the surveillance but the easiest and most advanced technology
accessible to everybody is mobile phone surveillance. The mobile phone can be used for different
purposes with the help of the applications developed for the phones.

This project was a simple application project demonstrating a fire alarm & control system. The
movements and the temperature are detected by installing sensors at different places. The
temperature of the premises where the sensors are installed can be known at any time before
reaching the critical limit set by the user. As this project was a fire alarm & control system
demonstration project, a few sensors and a LED light were used.

2.9.10.2 Drawbacks / Limitation of the project

 Detects the fire from one location at a time, if there is fire in this location, the System
will be able to detect and hence locate only in this location.

 Prevention of smoke is not contained in this project because we can’t get any nothing
for this purpose.

 No record keeping is being done in the system which deprives us from any type of
analysis which can be beneficial for the betterment of the existing system.

 The project has been limited to a desired area of condition which is estimated by
small area coverage

 This is to make the system more sensitive and obtain a quick feedback from the
desired area of condition.

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 Because of the absence of hardware requirements we can’t reach into the practical
part, so our system is done in simulation only.

CHAPTER THREE

OVERALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

3.1 Practical skills

Theoretical knowledge is gained from visualizing something from what we understand and is
difficult to master or save. Whereas when theoretical knowledge is developed by practical it will be
unforgettable, easily and quickly understandable and the main tool for problem solving. It is very
essential that one should know the theoretical aspects prior to going for practice. Generally, an
internship program is the mechanism by which we can grasp knowledge to relate the real world with
the host company that we attend and relate it with the theoretical lessons that We took before.
Mainly we acquired much knowledge that is basic and as DU ICT staff member we got some
essential technical skills like that of we are able to troubleshoot network problems, we can configure
switches and routers physically.

3.2 Improving Theoretical Skill

Internship program gave the opportunity to apply our theoretical knowledge in real world
environments, In addition to the practical skill. Almost all the courses we took were focused on
theoretical part, thanks to this internship program; we are now able to upgrade our theoretical
knowledge by practice. Generally speaking, theoretical knowledge got strengthen more by those
practical techniques invested. It assists us in moving toward our career goals by combining what we
had learned from school, practical and supervised work experience; it thus explained the necessity
of every student to undergo this process. From what we heard we thought the theory we learn had no
point, but what we saw was the opposite of what we heard. Even though some things are ignored.

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3.3 Interpersonal communication skills

In the company, we were working with all the staff members peacefully, by the experience we have
gained from our internship program. Individuals often learn different things from colleagues through
communication. For any individual, communication is an important way of learning, which can be
defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills. good
communication is the life blood of all profession. And it takes many forms, such as speaking,
writing and listening, it has the following advantages.
✓ To handle information

✓ To persuade people

✓ To improve relationships with others

We learnt that one full system should work efficiently with union of so many professionals by
collaborating with each other in order to make good and fantastic work. We were able to improve
how to communicate colleagues and we greatly understand that interpersonal skill is the most
valuable quality in electrical engineering department. Finally, what we have observed were to
communicate effectively, it is essential that you choose the suitable medium. Selecting the right
communication channel.

3.4 Team playing skills

Even if tasks are done individuals by the respective person at different section of the company, there
are times at which different individuals come together to work for common goals of the company
for increasing productivity. The most important point in team playing skill is just reaching an
agreement from different points on the work to be done.

Generally speaking, a person with good team playing skill may have the following qualities and our
ambition during the period is try to achieve and develops as a habit.

✓ Demonstrates reliability

✓ Communicates constructively

✓ Listens actively

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✓ Functions as an active participant

✓ Shares openly and willingly

✓ Cooperates and helps others

✓ Exhibits flexibility

✓ Shows commitment to the team

✓ Works as a problem-solver

✓ Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner

3.4.1 In what way did we develop our team playing skill in DUICT

➢ Avoid internal politics and be loyal to the team.

➢ Value interdependence as it is the most certain way of being a good team player and remembers
not to give up under dire circumstances but just to refocus on your thinking.

➢ Get along with others and support them; recognize and accept their strengths, weaknesses, and
you can then wear the mantle of a good team player.

3.5 Leadership skills

Leadership means controlling or managing the overall activities of the institution or the project. For
example, the project manager controls the activities that are done at a given building. Generally,
leader ship is all about confidence, self-esteem, trust and professionalism to lead and mange a given
business or project.

In our internship period we have done some tasks which were related more of with leadership and
management. We were responsible to control and supervise some activity and this helps us to
develop our leadership skill. We have a good experience from our internship program in terms of
improving our leadership skill.

Material management: We have been practically able to see how networking materials are managed
in a way that is efficient and wastage reducing. Managing networking materials starts from the time
it is taken from the store to it is implemented in building.

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Human labor management: We have seen how each worker was organized to execute its task.
Human labor management takes special attention among other resource managements, because of
human labors are dynamic.

The main Leadership qualities we have developed from this organization: -

➢ Integrity

➢ Honesty

➢ Courage

➢ Commitment

➢ Passion

➢ Confidence

➢ Positivity

➢ Wisdom

➢ Determination

➢ Sensitivity.

Consider some of the following tips for how to become a better leader and think about ways that you
can implement these strategies in your daily life.

A. Learn More about Your Leadership Style

Understanding your current leadership style is essential. What are your strengths? Which areas need
some improvement? One way to start assessing your skills is to take this leadership style quiz to get
a general idea of how you lead. Once you have completed the quiz, read about the major
characteristics of your dominant style. Are these qualities helping or hindering your leadership?
Once you've determined which areas need some work, you can begin looking for ways to improve
your leadership abilities.

B. Encourage Creativity

Intellectual stimulation is one of the hallmarks of transformational leadership. Followers need to be

encouraged to express their creativity. Effective leaders should offer new challenges with ample

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support to achieve these goals. One way to foster creativity is to offer challenges to group members,
making sure that the goals are within the grasp of their abilities. The purpose of this type of exercise
is to get people to stretch their limits, but to not become discouraged by barriers to success.

C. Serve as a Role Model

Idealized influence is another of the four key components of transformational leadership.

Transformational leaders exemplify the behaviors and characteristics that they encourage in their
followers. They walk the walk and talk the talk. As a result, group members admire these leaders
and work to emulate these behaviors. If you want to become a better leader, work on modeling the
qualities that you would like to see in your team members.

D. Be Passionate

Would you look to someone for guidance and leadership if they did not truly care about the goals of
the group? Of course not! Great leaders are not just focused on getting group members to finish
tasks; they have a genuine passion and enthusiasm for the projects they work on. Start by thinking of
different ways that you can express your zeal.

E. Listen and Communicate Effectively

Another important characteristic of transformational leadership involves a focus on providing

oneon-one communication with group members. Good leaders should express sincere care and
concern for the members of their group both verbally and nonverbally. By keeping the lines of
communication open, these leaders can ensure that group members feel able to make contributions
and receive recognition for their achievements.

F. Have a Positive Attitude

Transformational leaders have an upbeat, optimistic attitude that serves as a source of inspiration for
followers. If leaders seem discouraged or apathetic, members of the group are likely to also become
uninspired. Even when things look bleak and your followers start to feel disheartened, try to stay
positive.

G. Encourage People to Make Contributions

Let the members of your team know that you welcome their ideas. Leaders who encourage
involvement from group members are often referred to as democratic or participative leaders.

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Research has shown that using a democratic leadership style leads to greater commitment, more
creative problem-solving and improved productivity.

H. Motivate Your Followers

Transformational leaders also provide inspirational motivation to encourage their followers to get
into action. Of course, being inspirational isn't always easy. Fortunately, you don't need motivational
speeches to rouse your group members. Some ideas for leadership inspiration include being
genuinely passionate about ideas or goals, helping followers feel included in the process and
offering recognition, praise and rewards for people's accomplishments.

I. Offer Rewards and Recognition

A good leader knows that offering effective recognition and rewards is one of the best ways to help
followers feel appreciated and happy. It may also come as no surprise that happy people tend to
perform better at work. Leaders can help group members feel happier by offering help, removing
barriers to success and rewarding strong efforts.

J. Keep Trying New Things

Who says leadership is a one-way relationship? As you work toward honing your leadership skills,
don't forget to look to your followers for feedback an inspiration. Pay attention to the things that
have been effective in the past and always be on the lookout for new ways to inspire, motivate and
reward group.

3.6 About work ethics related issue

These are the best work ethics I have seen in the company: -

3.6.1 Strong Work Ethics

Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. In addition to
working hard it is also important to work smart. This means learning the most efficient way to
complete tasks and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments. It’s also
important to care about your job and complete all projects while maintaining a positive attitude.
Doing more than is expected on the job is a good way to show management that you utilize good

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time management skills and don’t waste valuable company time attending to personal issues not
related to the job.

3.6.2 Dependability and Responsibility

Employers value employees who come to work on time, are there when they are supposed to be, and
are responsible for their actions and behavior.. Being dependable and responsible as an employee
shows your employer that you value your job and that you are responsible in keeping up with
projects and keeping them informed of the things that they should know bout.

3.6.3 Possessing a Positive Attitude

Employers seek employees who take the initiative and have the motivation to get the job done in a
reasonable period. A positive attitude gets the work done and motivates others to do the same without
dwelling on the challenges that inevitably come up in any job. It is the enthusiastic employee who
creates an environment of good will and who provides a positive role model for others. A positive
attitude is something that is most valued by supervisors and co-workers and that also makes the job
more pleasant and fun to go to each day.

3.6.4 Adaptability
Employers seek employees who are adaptable and maintain flexibility in completing tasks in an
ever-changing workplace. Being open to change and improvements provides an opportunity to
complete work assignments in a more efficient manner while offering additional benefits to the
corporation, the customer, and even the employee.

Adaptability also means adapting to the personality and work habits of co-workers and supervisors.
Each person possesses their own set or strengths and adapting personal behaviors to accommodate
others is part of what it takes to work effectively as a team. By viewing change as an opportunity to
complete work assignments in a more efficient manner, adapting to change can be a positive
experience.

3.6.5 Honesty and Integrity

Employers value employees who maintain a sense of honesty and integrity above all else. Good
relationships are built on trust. When working for an employer they want to know that they can trust
what you say and what you do. Successful businesses work to gain the trust of customers and
maintain the attitude that “the customer is always right”.

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A CHAPTER FOUR

ENTERPRENEURSHIP SKILL
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.0 Entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many people
career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment. During internship
period some companies select some students and employ them after graduation.

After the completion of intern ship, we are more motivated to become a network administrator and
manage huge networks after graduation. Generally, intern ship give confidence to us “we can do
well a given work effectively and efficiently” after graduation.
In general internship is very essential for students to be having confidence in their field of study and to
effectively and efficiently carry their responsibility after graduation.

4.1 Conclusions
DUICT is the network service provider for Dilla University communities and provide multi service
for the customers in the wired networks or wireless networks. It is still on the way to provide a much
more quality of service, secured, and fast service for users. Internship is the basic to be a competent
for every student living in this globalized world there is knowledge at every work company the same
as that of at universities. We got more knowledge related to field from this company and the
working behavior, in general as we already explained it so far what we got from this internship. It
has been an ideal place and program to grasp experiences, upgrading theoretical knowledge and
practical skill and to widen perspective view during designing or technical practical activities. This
program provides the opportunity to have relation with some intelligent person and technician. In
addition to that, it creates an opportunity to get the information about the industry-working

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environment and related issues. The internship makes defiantly after graduation the ability of
creating good interpersonal communication skill with industry workers for better achievements of
intentional goal. After going through the whole period of internship, we have observed so many
professional activities and learnt as well. This internship was very fruitful to us because we had to
cover many different fields. We have been working in networking department, maintenance of the
company, which concerns about making Ethernet cables, developing a network infrastructure and
maintenance of networking infrastructure for Dilla University communities. While we perform
troubleshooting and configuration tasks, we become familiar with devices like routers, switches,
software’s, crimper, cutter, tester etc. in general, we got our best practical skills from the company.
We get good communication skills from employees with their personality, creativity and
management bodies. In addition, we also learnt new concept and ways of working.

4.2 Recommendation

DUICT service provided mainly focus on the increasing the coverage of network for DU staff (for
office worker and for teachers) only. Due to this case, the students could not get access to internet
easily and they could not update their knowledge to the global. Therefore, as recommendation the
DUICT or the university to care about the students and as much as possible they must provide
wireless (Wi-Fi) access with fast connective in different locations of the campus for example at Click
Park, at front of Library and beside the coverage improving the quality of service provided.
Moreover, we recommended that to use sufficient and separate the networking equipment like cutter,
crimper, RJ-45, cables. This means that some DU departments such as ECE and Computer Science
are borrowing the equipment’s used for teaching purpose at that time the DUICT network workers are
out of work until the equipment’s retrieve. Therefore, the company or DUICT to buy more network
equipment’s and separate the equipment is used by others or departments to buy their own materials.

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References

[1] ."https://www.linkedin.com/company/dilla-university," [Online]. [Accessed 19 october 2019].

[2] ."http://www.du.edu.et/node/164," [Online]. [Accessed 19 october 2019].

[3] ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/firewall," [Online]. [Accessed 05 november 2019].

[4] "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/router," [Online].

[5] ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/routerpicture," [Online].

[6] .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/network switch," [Online].

[7] ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wireless router," [Online].

[8] ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wireethernetcable," [Online].

[9] ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_time-domain_reflectometer," [Online].

[10].International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, Number l, p.21-23, 2010

[11].Fire safety design guidelines for federal buildings by George V. Hadjisophocleous and

Noureddine Benichou

[12]. https://www.micocontroller/Accessed on April 30, 2019

[13]. ATmega48A/PA/88A/PA/168A/PA/328/P data sheet page 7

[14]. https://www.picmicocontroller/20 Structure and configuration of Gas sensor MQ-2.

Accessed on April 30, 2019

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[15]. https://www. Pin Diagram /Structure and configuration of BC548 Pin Diagram
Accessed on April 30, 2019
[16].https://www. DC Relay / Structure and configuration of DC Relay
Accessed on April 30, 2019

[17] .https://www. 16X2 LCD display / Structure and configuration of 16X2 LCD display

Accessed on April 30, 2019

[18]. https://www. SIM900A GSM module/ Structure and configuration of SIM900A GSM module
Accessed on April 30, 2019
[19]. https://www. Buzzer / Structure and configuration of Buzzer Accessed on April 30, 2019
[20]. https://www. DC motor / Structure and configuration of DC motor Accessed on April 30, 2019
[21]. https://www. Servo motor / Structure and configuration of Servo motor Accessed on April 30, 2019
[20]. ]. https://www. GPS Module/ Structure and configuration of GPS Module Accessed on April 30, 2019

[22]. www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf

[23]. AVR 8-bit Microcontrollers Quick Reference Guide February 2009

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Appendixes

C-language code of the system:

#include<Servo.h>
Servo myservo; int pos = 0; int
wval;
int motor = 8;

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> SoftwareSerial
mySerial(9, 10); byte tx=1;

TinyGPS gps; //Creates a new instance of the TinyGPS object

const int SPEAKER = 6; const int LED_RED =

7; const int LED_YELLOW = 10;
int Relay=7; int tempC_1 = 0; //set initial tempC 0° for all LM35 int
smkC_1 = 0; //set initial tempC 0º for all MQ 2 const int SensorPin1
= A0; //input sensor pin
const int SensorPin2 = A1;
String textForSMS;

void setup()
{

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pinMode(motor, OUTPUT); pinMode(tx, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Relay, OUTPUT); myservo.attach(13);
pinMode(SPEAKER, OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(14, 2); delay(100);
pinMode(SensorPin1, INPUT);
pinMode(SensorPin2, INPUT);
pinMode(SPEAKER, OUTPUT);

pinMode(LED_RED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_YELLOW, OUTPUT); //Set control pins to be outputs digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, LOW);//set both motors off for start-up mySerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600); //Start the serial connection with the computer }

void loop()
{

int tempC_1 = analogRead(SensorPin1); int SmkC_1 =

analogRead(SensorPin2);
tempC_1 = analogRead(SensorPin1); //read the value from the LM35 sensor tempC_1 = (5.0 * tempC_1
* 100.0) / 1024.0; //convert the analog data to temperature smkC_1 = analogRead(SensorPin2); //read
the value from the MQ 2 sensor smkC_1 = (5.0 * smkC_1 * 100.0) / 1024.0; //convert the analog data to
temperature delay(50);

bool newData = false; unsigned long chars;

unsigned short sentences, failed;
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)
{

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while (Serial.available())
{
char c = Serial.read(); if (gps.encode(c))
newData = true;
}
}

if (tempC_1 >= 50)

{

digitalWrite(Relay,HIGH); val =
analogRead(pos);
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
myservo.write(val); delay(50);
digitalWrite(motor, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, HIGH);
lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("On FIRE"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" NO SAFE");
delay(100); lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Sending SMS..."); delay(100);

tone(SPEAKER, 1047, 500); delay(200);

tone(SPEAKER, 1109, 300); delay(200);
tone(SPEAKER, 1175, 100); delay(5);

float flat, flon; unsigned long age;

gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);
Serial.print("AT+CMGF=1\r");

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delay(100);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+251928583635\"\r");
Serial.print("FIRE OCCURED!\r");
delay(100);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+251928583636\"\r");
Serial.print("FIRE OCCURED!\r");
delay(100);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+251928583735\"\r"); Serial.print("FIRE OCCURED! in\
r");
delay(200);
Serial.print("Latitude = ");
Serial.print(flat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flat, 6);
Serial.print(" Longitude = ");
Serial.print(flon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flon, 6); delay(200);
Serial.println((char)26); // End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26 delay(200);
Serial.println();
} else

{ digitalWrite(Relay,LOW); delay(50);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor, LOW); lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("NO FIRE");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("ALL SAFE");
} }

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