Computer Fundamentals
Lecture-3
Mr. M. Somasundara Rao
Associate Professor
Dept. of Information Technology, VIIT (A)
CONTENT
Introduction to Software
Types of Software's
Operating System
Booting & Types
Rebooting
Software Concept
Hardware devices need user instructions to function.
A Set of instructions that achieve a single outcome are called
program or procedure.
Many Programs functioning together to do task make a software.
Different category of software are:
System software
Application Software
Utility Software
Types of Softwares
Operating
System
Language
System software
processor
Utility software
Different
category of
General Purpose
Software's
Applications
Application
Software
Custom
Software
Utility Software
System Software : OS
Operating System (OS) is the lifeline of computer.
Computer does not start unless it has an operating system
installed in it because OS:
Keep all hardware parts in a state of readiness to follow
user instructions.
Coordinates between different devices.
Schedules multiple task as per priority.
Allocates resources to each task.
Enables computer to access network.
Enables users to access and use applications software.
System Software : OS
Operating System (OS) is the lifeline of computer.
One of the earliest operating systems was MS-DOS,
developed by Microsoft for IBM PC.
MS-DOS was a command Line Interface (CLI) OS.
DOS was difficult to use.
Microsoft developed Graphical User Interface (GUI)
based OS called Windows.
Examples of System
Software's
• MS Windows macOS
Operating • Linux Android
System
• Ubuntu Unix
(working
systems)
• BIOS Driver Display Drivers
• Motherboard Drivers ROM Drivers
Device • Printer Drivers Sound card Driver
Drivers
• BIOS Computer Peripherals
• Consumer Applications Embedded Systems
Firmware • UEFI
Application Software
A Software that performs a Single task.
The following are commonly used applications
software are:
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation
Database management
Multimedia tools
Utility Software
Application software that assist system software in
doing their work is called utility software.
A cross between system software and applications
software.
The following are example of utility software:
Antivirus Software
Disk management tools
File Management Tools
Compression Tools
Backup Tools
What is Booting?
Starting a computer of computer-embedded device is called booting.
Booting procedure has the following steps:
Switching on power supply
Loading operating system into computers memory
Keeping all applications in a state to readiness in case needed by the
user
The first program or set of instructions that run when the computer is
switched on is called BIOS (or) Basic Input Output System.
BIOS is firmware
Firmware is a software program or set of instructions programmed on a
hardware device. It provides the necessary instructions for how the
device communicates with the other computer hardware.
Firmware is typically stored in the flash ROM of a hardware device.
rebooting
Restarting a system when it is already running is rebooting.
Rebooting may be required if
A software or hardware has been installed
System is unusually slow.
Two types of booting
1. Cold booting: System is started by switching on the power supply. The
next step in cold booting is loading of BIOS.
2. Warm booting: When the system is already running and need to be
restarted or rebooted, it is called warm booting
NOTE: warm booting is faster than cold booting.
THANK YOU
