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Short Circuit Fault Analysis Guide

This document discusses short circuit analysis and symmetrical faults. It defines different types of faults like shunt faults (three phase, line to ground, line to line, double line to ground) and series faults. It also discusses bolted or solid faults where the fault impedance is zero. The document provides assumptions made to simplify short circuit studies and provides two examples calculating fault current for different power system configurations with generators, transformers and transmission lines. Homework problems are also given asking to calculate fault MVA and current.

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177 views10 pages

Short Circuit Fault Analysis Guide

This document discusses short circuit analysis and symmetrical faults. It defines different types of faults like shunt faults (three phase, line to ground, line to line, double line to ground) and series faults. It also discusses bolted or solid faults where the fault impedance is zero. The document provides assumptions made to simplify short circuit studies and provides two examples calculating fault current for different power system configurations with generators, transformers and transmission lines. Homework problems are also given asking to calculate fault MVA and current.

Uploaded by

Bante Tadele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 6: Short Circuit Analysis-----Symmetrical Fault

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Short Circuit

What is the need for Short Circuit Study?


Introduction
The cause of electric power system faults is insulation breakdown
❑This breakdown can be due to a variety of different factors
✓wind blowing together in the wind
✓animals or plants coming in contact with the wires
✓pollution on insulators
✓Lightning
Classifications:
Shunt Faults:
➢ Three phase faults
➢ Line to ground fault
➢ Line to line fault
➢ Double line to ground fault
2
….Cont’d
❑Shunt fault is characterized by minimum voltage and
maximum current.
Series Faults
✓Open conductor fault
✓Two open conductor fault.
❑ Series fault is characterized by maximum voltage and
minimum current.
Bolted fault or solid fault
❑A fault represents a structural network change equivalent
with that caused by the addition of impedance at the place
of fault. If the fault impedance is zero, then the fault is
referred as bolted fault or solid fault.

2
Fault Calculation
Assumptions to be made to simplify the short circuit study:

✓ Representing each machine by constant voltage source


behind proper reactance.

✓ Pre-fault load currents are neglected

✓ Transformer taps are assumed to be nominal.

✓ Shunt elements in the transformer model that accounting


for magnetizing current and core losses are neglected.

✓ Shunt capacitance of the transmission line is ignored.

✓ Series resistance of transmission lines is neglected.


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Examples
1. A synchronous generator and a synchronous motor each
rated 20MVA, 12.66kV, 15% sub transient reactance are
connected through transformers and a line as shown in
Figure 1. The transformers are rated 20MVA, 12.66/66kV
and 66/12.66kV with leakage reactance of 10% each. The
line has reactance of 8% on a base of 20MVA, 66kV. The
motor is drawing 10MW at 0.8 leading power factor and a
terminal voltage 11kV when a symmetrical three-phase
fault at the motor terminals. Determine the generator,
motor and fault current?

Single line diagram 5


Example 2
2. A generating station is feeding a 220kV system as shown in
Fig. below. Determine the total fault current, fault level and
fault current supplied by each generator for a three phase fault
at the receiving end of the line?

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Home Work
1. As shown in the Fig each of the generators G1 and G2 is
rated at 125MVA, 11kV and has a sub-transient reactance
of 0.21p.u. each of the transformers is rated at 125MVA,
11/132kV and has leakage reactance of 0.06p.u. Find
a) Fault MVA
b) Fault current at fault point

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Contn’d
2.

8
Contn’d….
3. Calculate the fault current at the point of the fault point
using super position theorem.

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Thank You!

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