PAPER
ADVANCED GRAMMAR
“INFINITIVE”
By GROUP 1:
1. 2320038 Yola Ananda Wilma
2. 2320040 Rina Suryani
3. 2320052 Yovi Yulia Putri
4. 2320056 Salsa Arsidilla
Dosen Pengampu:
Mrs. Reflinda, S.S, M.Pd
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN ILMU KEGURUAN
IAIN BUKITTINGGI
CHAPTER I
THEORY
INFINITIVE
A. DEFINITION OF INFINITIVE
The infinitive is a basic verb that has not undergone a change in form, either
due to a change in time (tenses) or the addition of the letter suffix -s/es/ies”. This verb
in some references is often referred to as the first form of the verb (v1). For example:
see (melihat); bear (mendengar); look (melihat); go (pergi); to smoke (merokok), to
read (membaca), to speak (berbicara), etc.
B. TYPES OF INFINITIVE
In general, the types of infinitives (basic verbs) are divided into two kinds, namely:
1. Bare Infinitive (Infinitive without To)
Bare Infinitive or Infinitive without To is a basic verb that does not start with
the word to. These verbs are also called native verbs.
Bare Infinitive (Infinitive without To) function:
Based on the structure of English sentences, there are several
functions of Bare Infinitives that can be used, namely:
a) After auxiliary verbs, except to be (primary auxiliary), such as:
can/could (bisa), shall/should (akan), will/would (akan), may/might
(boleh), etc.
Example:
She can speak Mandarin and Japanese.
I will go to Ambon.
b) After certain groups of words, such as: watch (menonton), see
(melihat), hear (mendengar), observe (mengamati), feel (merasa),
please (silakan), listen (mendengar), etc.
Example:
Please come here quickly.
I saw the kittens run across the street.
If certain verbs above (watch, see, hear, observe, feel, listen)
are used in passive sentences, the to infinitive/infinitive with to must
be used.
Example :
He was seen to leave his apartment.
The building is felt to shake
c) Preceded by the words better (lebih baik), had rather (lebih suka)
and would rather (lebih suka). Example of sentences :
You had better go to my house.
They would rather stay at home.
d) Beginning with the words need and dare in negative sentences and
interrogative sentences.
Example of sentences :
I dare not tell it.
They need not stay at your house.
e) After causative verbs, such as: have (menyuruh), get (menyuruh),
let (memperbolehkan), want (menginginkan), help (membantu),
etc.
Example:
She let`s me go.
He helps my brother hring the goods
2. To infinitives
To Infinitives are basic verbs that start with the word “to” and usually function
as nouns or regular verbs that can be followed by objects. This verb is often
referred to as the Infinitive with To. For example: to see (melihat); to hear
(mendengar); to look (melihat); to go (pergi); to smokr (merokok), to read
(membaca), to speak (berbicara), etc.
To Infinitive functions:
In its use in sentences, there are several functions of the To Infinitive
(infinitive with to) which are used or used as follows:
a) Subject of Sentence
Example:
To swim is a good exercise.
To say is easy.
b) Subjective Complement.
In this case the to infinitive is often used together with to be,
such as: am, is, are, was, were, which serves to express an order,
desire or necessity.
Example :
I amto clean my room now
He is to go right now
c) Complement to Verb.
Example:
Promise to see him at the cafeteria.
She appears to be a clever woman
d) Objective Complement.
Example :
I order you to leave my sister.
He wants you to help him.
e) Object to Preposition.
Example of sentences :
He is about to go to New Zealand.
They desire nothing but to succeed.
I do nothing except sing.
f) Adjective
There are several kinds of To Infinitive functions as adjectives
in English, as I mentioned below:
To Infinitive is interpreted as passive, namely: to be in…,
or is interpreted as active to: to…
Example:
He bought a magazine to read.
I have a few words to say to you.
This view is wonderful to see.
Give the nature of the verb in the sense of purpose
(intention), cause or result.
Example:
He came to see the ballet performance.
I wept to see that accident.
The man worked only to be defeated at least.
From some of the examples of sentences above, it
can be said that the infinitive function with to is an
additional adverb that explains the verb.
Gives the nature of a noun in the sense of purpose or intent.
Example:
An apartment to let. (serves as an attribute).
This apartment is to let. (functions as a
predicate).
The function of the To Infinitive this time is to
become an attribute or predicate in an English
sentence.
Gives adjectives in terms of things or intentions.
Example:
Slow to speak and quick to hear.
Shy to sing and brave to dance.
Exclamation form / exclamation.
Example of sentences :
Foolish fellows! To suppose that he could be
pardoned!
To think that he has died!
To Infinitive is used together with the word too which
means: Too….so not…..
Formula : Too + Adjective + To Infinitive
Example of sentences :
He is too sleepy to study in the afternoon.
She is too shy to talk to you.
The To Infinitive is often used together with the word
enough which means: Enough …, to…
Formula: “Adjective Adverb + Noun + To Infinitive” or:
“Enough + Noun + To Infinitive”.
Example:
He is old enough to understand this problem.
They worked hard enough to build the building
I have enough sugar to make tea.
She has enough room to sleep.
Behind the question word, such as: when, where, how,
whom, whose, what and which.
Example of sentences :
We don’t know what to do.
Jake doesn’t know how to drive that car.
Behind some verbs with sentence patterns.
Formula : Subject + Verb + Pronoun/Noun + To Infinitive
Example:
I want you to call me up tomorrow.
He invited us to come to the barbecue tomorrow
afternoon.
Behind an adjective in a sentence.
Example of sentences:
I am sorry to hear the bad news.
They are glad to mee tyou here.
1) Types of To Infinitive
In addition to the types of Infinitives, we can also divide the To
Infinitives into four types, namely:
a) Present To Infinitive
To make a sentence in the Present To Infinitive form, add a
word in front of the word “to”.
Example of sentences :
I decided not to go to the tennis court.
She told me not to close the window.
It is right not to help others.
b) Continuous To Infinitive
There are two types of Continuous To Infinitive, namely:
Present Continuous To Infinitive.
Is the To Infinitive form which indicates that an event or
action has occurred and is still ongoing.
Example :
The man seems to be recovering from his
illness.
The boy is likely to be waiting for you at the
school.
Perfect Continuous To Infinitive.
Is the To Infinitive form which indicates that an event or
action has been completed.
Example :
He suspects us to have been auarreling.
We are happy to have been working with you.
c) Perfect To Infinitive
Perfect To Infinitive is a form of To Infinitive which
indicates that an event or action stated by the To Infinitive
occurs or is carried out earlier than the event or action stated by
the Finite Verb (limited verb).
Example of sentences :
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
She seems to have heard about it.
d) Passive To Infinitive
The form of Passive To Infinitive can be divided into two
types, namely:
Simple Passive To Infinitive.
Formula: To + be + Verb-3
Example :
He doesn’t think that there is anything to be said.
She should be punished for being rude.
Perfect Passive To Infinitive.
Formula: To + Have + Been + Verb-3
Example of sentences :
This book is said to have been translated into many
languages.
This work ought to have been finished when our
boss arrived.
