Design on Plumbing Services For G+5 Residential Building

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

An internship is on the job training for many professional jobs, similar to an

apprenticeship, more often taken up by college and university students during their
undergraduate or master degree to supplement their formal education and expose them to
the world of practical work.

Internships offer various occasions to interns during internship programs to expand

familiarity in their chosen area of work, develop professional network links and build
interpersonal skill. Internship is practical education. Through internship programmed intern
acquire more knowledge of the job and learn or sharpen the needed skills, attitudes and
values associated with efficient performance of their job.

Internships also help students to improve their other personality attributes such as to
get better oral and written communication, management, direction, time, and project
management skills.

1.1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OBJECTIVES

• The main objective of Industrial Training is to expose the students to actual working
environment and enhance their knowledge and skill from what they have learnt in
the college.

• To provide comprehensive learning platform to students where they can enhance

their employ ability skills and become job ready along with real corporate exposure.

• To enhance student knowledge in specific technical area.

• To Increase self-confidence of students and helps in finding their own proficiency.

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• To cultivate student’s leadership ability, technical strength, teamwork spirit and

responsibility to perform or execute the given task.
• To provide learners hands on practice within a real job situation.
• To provide students the opportunity to test their interest in a particular career before
permanent commitments are made.

• To develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situations.

• To expose students to real work environment experience gain knowledge in writing
report in technical works/projects.

1.2 SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

• To know how best an industry can serve & give name and fame to the nation. To
know the advanced technologies, machineries, equipment, tools, procedures, safety
aspects and policies and their implementations in the selected industry.

• To develop attitude, capability and stability to withstand the changing global

requirement in advance which is most required for the industry or any organization.

• To understand the problems encountered in the industry, their solutions and gaining
experience to select the optimal solution from the many alternatives available.

• To understand the formal and informal relationships in an industrial organization so

as to promote favourable human relations and teamwork.

1.3 LIMITATIONS
• Some employers or managers take advantage of interns and give them mindless
work that doesn’t build new skills. Interns can be viewed as temporary labour,
which isn’t how you want to be seen.

• Sure, you have a college degree. But with the title of “intern”, people will think
you’re still a student. This can be patronizing, and you may not gain the respect you
want. If you focus on hard work and high effort, this can be overcome.

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• Internships may not be designed around normal business hours. This can create
problems if you like a consistent schedule. And interns are often asked to do the
late-night work to help the team.

CHAPTER 2

COMPANY PROFILE
2.1 HISTORY

Smart Engineers traces its roots back to 2004 in New Delhi and since then have
never looked back. With Dozens of successful projects under our belt, we can proudly say
that we are one of the most trusted Engineering, Maintenance &Training Services in Delhi.
It is one of the most trusted Engineering, Maintenance & in Delhi and also extends its
services across India in various states such as Karnataka and Gujarat in locations such as
Bangalore, Mysore and Jaipur.

For more than 13 years, Smart Engineers has offered a wide range of Maintenance
& Services in Delhi, many other cities of India We strive to maintain the highest standards
while exceeding client’s expectations at all levels. We not only honor commitments, but
are known for meeting tough deadlines while delivering nothing but the best. We aim to
create a responsive client relationship that allows us to meet and even exceed the goals of
each of our projects.

Smart Engineers is well known for its innovation and by collaborating successfully
with our customers, designers, sub-contractors, consultants as well as suppliers; we have
been able to provide more specialized level of services. We are continuously evolving and
understand the different aspects of delivering high value construction and complex projects
with ease.

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PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS is an ISO 9001:2015 certified training division

specializing in effective training of B.Tech and Diploma students. We have trained 30000+
Students for science & Technology program in various schools and various technical
certifications for engineering students.

Courses are designed to cover all aspects of most of our real projects over the years
to provide for smooth transfer of real knowledge and expertise that we have gained over
these years. Training is HANDS-ON and covers all required fundamental and specialist
know-how in system operation, troubleshooting & maintenance, designing and installation.
Our program is basically designed to minimize the gap between industrial demands and
young engineers.

In 2016 PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS the company expanded its services in

MEP Designing and Skill development and Training program for engineering students in
various engineering domains. India today produces 1.5 million Engineering graduates a
year, it is however agreed by all that 75% of these graduates are unemployed, agreeing to
the fact that there is need to provide Skill training to the Engineering students. In 2018
AICTE announced that an internship is mandatory for engineering students to ensure that
technical students get exposure to the Industrial environment, current technology relevant
to their subject and opportunities to learn understand and sharpen real time technical and
managerial skills. On request from colleges, the company began providing quality
internship under the guidance of their expert’s team to the students from various universities
and colleges.

In 2020 Prinston Smart Engineers collaborated with Wedir-Tech Trading

Contracting & Services W.L.L, Doha, Qatar with an MoU for their expertise in technical
know-how and skill development.

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2.2 OWNERSHIP
Prinston Smart Engineers is wholly owned company by Mr. Asif Akhtar. He is sole
investor and there are no shareholders or shares since the company is neither listed on
National Stock Exchange of India, nor on Bombay Stock Exchange.

2.3 THE SECTOR COMPANY OPERATES IN

PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS is involved in a wide range of service sectors

mentioned below:

• Operation & Maintenance

• Mechanical and Electrical Construction
• Skill Development and training
• MEP design & consultancy services

2.4 THE CUSTOMERS OF THE COMPANY

With respect to their Operations, Maintenance and MEP division, customers of the
company include clients such as SHIRPA Group, Honeywell, C&S electricals and ITC
Hotels. Along with these, the company has worked with several other organizations in MEP
designing services under the name of Iera Consultant, Delhi.

• International Cricket Stadium Raja Nahar Singh, Faridabad

• Railway Running Room, Katni, MP , Client – Ercon India
• GAIL India Head Office ,Noida Sector -15
• SAIL India Head Office, Mumbai
• Bikaner Rajasthan Workshop, Client – Rites India
• Coal India Office, 3rd Floor , New Delhi
• VTSE Building, IOCL Faridabad
• Simulator Building DMRC, Shastri Park
• National Fertilizer Building, Noida

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Indian Navy ,Widows Hostel, Vasant Kunj From their Skill Development and training
division’s perspective, the customers belong to a wide variety of engineering students from
over 50+ colleges based in and around Bangalore as well training corporate professionals
as well. The activities of this division mainly involve skilling and training of the students
and working professionals in their respective domain of choice with the help of the expertise
from the training department.

2.5 ORGANISATION CHART

Prinston Smart Engineers has 4 major divisions in the organisation: Construction

department: has 15 employees.

Maintenance department: has 18 employees Designing

department: has 12 employees.
Training department: has 20 employees.
Altogether, Prinston Smart Engineers has employed over 65 employees

2.6 LIST OF FUNCTIONS PERFORMED

1. Operation & Maintenance

This involves Air Conditioning Equipment Maintenance, Refurbishment and
renovation of existing system as well as Preventive maintenance.

2. Mechanical and electrical Construction

The company provides services in both large and small projects pertaining to
Mechanical and Electrical Construction. This includes Electrical Wiring, Plumbing,
Fabrication, Welding and sprinkler systems.

3. Skill Development and training

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The company offers various courses and programs in reskilling and training
engineering graduates. They have tailor made programs which are specifically designed to
minimize the gap between the industrial demands and young engineers.

4. MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) Design Services The company offers MEP
design consultancy services

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CHAPTER 3

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 SAFETY AND RESCUE

Working as Plumbing Design Engineer can be a smart career choice and one that’s
thriving in many cities across the U.S. According to “heating, air conditioning, and
refrigeration technicians hold approximately 292,000 jobs, and job openings in the field are
expected to grow 9% through 2016.” Because this profession comes with inherent safety
risks, it’s important to follow a few guidelines if you’re a new Engineer. Here are five of
the most important.

• Protective Gear
• Tools for Staying Safe
• Identifying Hazards Chemical Safety
• Avoiding Shock

3.2 Fire Fighting System

Firefighting is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and extinguish

significant unwanted fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc. A fire fighter suppresses
fires to protect lives, property and the environment. One of the major hazards associated
with firefighting operations is the toxic environment created by combustible materials. The
four major risks are smoke, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperatures, and poisonous
atmospheres. Additional hazards include falls and structural collapse that can exacerbate
the problems encountered in a toxic environment. To combat some of these risks, fire
fighters carry self- contained breathing apparatus. Engineers concerned with smoke control
often specify the use of the building HVAC system in a special mode of operation for

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controlling smoke. However, depending on the type of system and it’s set of components
and controls.

TYPES OF FIRE FIGHITING SYSTEM:

1) SPRINKLER SYSTEM:
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply
system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system,
onto which fire sprinklers are connected.

2) GAS EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM:

Argon is an inert gas obtained from the ambient air that is stored as an extinguishing
agent for stationary fire extinguishing systems as a compressed gas in high- pressure steel
cylinders. Gas extinguishing systems are used when water, foam or powder extinguishing
systems are not effective or if extinguishing with the above-mentioned extinguishing agents
could cause significant damage.

3) FOAM SYSTEM:
Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to
coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion.

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CHAPTER 4

TASK PERFORMED

PLUMBING
Competent design of plumbing systems is necessary to prevent conflicts with other trades,
and to avoid expensive rework or surplus supplies. The scope of standard residential
plumbing usually covers mains pressure potable water, heated water (in conjunction with
mechanical and/or electrical engineers), sewerage, storm water, natural gas, and sometimes
rainwater collection and storage. In commercial environments, these distribution systems
expand to accommodate many more users, as well as the addition of other plumbing
services such as hydroponics, irrigation, fuels, oxygen, vacuum/compressed air, solids
transfer, and more. Plumbing systems also service air distribution/control, and therefore
contribute to the mechanical part of MEP.

Plumbing:

• IPC (INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE)

• NPC (NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE)
• UPC (UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE)
• NBC (NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)

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Table 4.1 Safe Plumbing Design For Two Story Residential Building

PROJECT:
TWO STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

TITLE:

PLUMBING SERVICES DESIGN BASIS REPORT

CLIENT:

PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS

REV

DOCUMENT NO. M E P 0 1 R0

0 4 7

NO. OF SHEETS

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DATE CHECKED BY DETAIL OF REVISION

PREPARED APPROVE
REV
BY D BY

R0 Mohammed AZAM
Faizaan Shaikh
17-08-
2021

NEW DELHI

GENERAL

Water supply shall be reliable and comply with World Health Organization
standards as a minimum. Water shall neither be scale forming or corrosive. Water treatment
plant shall be provided to provide treatment to raw water to meet required parameter.

CODES & REGULATIONS

Plumbing/Sanitary systems will be designed and installed conforming to the

following codes and standards:

• Regulations of the local authority.

• NBC 2016 (National Building Code of India).
• Manual on water supply and treatments published by Central Public Health and

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Environment Engineering Organization Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of

India.

• Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment published by Central Public Health and
Environment Engineering Organization Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of
India.

• SP 35 (Hand Book of Water Supply and Drainage) Relevant BIS Codes.

• IS: 10500 for drinking water specification, BIS.

• IS: 1172 - Code of basic requirement for water supply drainage & sanitation, BIS
• Good Engineering Practice.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Pressure at the by gravity system most remote fixture shall be constantly maintained
at 1.5 bar +/- 0.5 bar. Maximum fixture pressure should generally be limited to 5.5 bar.
Pressure reduction shall be accomplished by means of PRV/ Orifice plates. Hot and
coldwater equipment, pumps, controls, distribution piping, etc. would be engineered to
minimize system pressure fluctuations.

SOURCE OF WATER

Source of water would be borewell situated inside the plot itself and municipal water
line & tanker water line. Water test report shall be required to look on the extent of water
treatment system.

WATER QUALITY & BASIS OF QUANTITY ESTIMATION

Potable water quality: permissible concentrations Physical-chemical limits and

maximum permissible concentrations in parts per million (ppm). Incoming water test report
shall be done by the Client only for available water. After recieving the water test report
from the client, we will incorporate the test report in the design concept report.

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WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION:

In ref to the NBC clause 4.1.2 Table 1, Part 9, Section 1, NBC 2016, Volume 2, the
estimated per day water demand is as below.

4.1 Quality (Basis of Design)

Table 4.2 Quality (Basis of Design)

PARAMETER WHO

STD DESIRABLE LEVELS

pH 6.5-9.2 7-8

Conductivity (mS/m3) 400

Chlorides 250 <50

Sulphates 200 <250

Hardness (as CaCO3) <100

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Magnesium <50

Sodium 250 <50

Potassium <12

Alluminum <0.2

Total dissolved solids (TDS) 1,000 <500

Nitrates 45 0

Nitrites 0

Ammonium <0.5

Phenols 0.001

Organic chlorine compounds 0

Pesticides 0

Iron 0.3 <0.2

Manganese 0.05 <0.05

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Copper 0.05 <0.05

Zinc 5.0 <0.1

Lead 0.5 0

Cadmium 0.01 0

Chromium 0

Mercury 0.001 0

Arsenic 0.01 0

Cyanides 0.01 0

Nickel 0

Fluoride 1.5 <0.07

Silver 0

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4.2 Basis of Design for water quantity calculations: (as per NBC-2016)
(To be read as applicable)
Table 4.3 Design For Water Quantity Calculations

Domestic Total
Flushing
per day consumption
Sl No. Type of Building per day

(litre) (litre) per day (litre)

i) Residential buildings 135 per head

94.5 per 40.5 per
head head

ii) 20 per head 10 per head 30 per head

Factories including canteen where no bath
rooms are required to be provided

iii)
Hospital (excluding laundry and kitchen)
(see Note 2):

a) Number of beds not exceeding 100 230 per head 110 per head 340 per head

b) Number of beds exceeding 100 300 per head 150 per head 450 per head

c) Outpatient department (OPD) 10 per head 5 per head 15 per head

iv) Nurses’ homes and medical quarters 90 per head 45 per head 135 per head

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v) Hostels 90 per head 45 per head 135 per head

vi) Hotel (up to 3 star) excluding laundry, 120 per head 60 per head 180 per head
kitchen, staff and water bodies `

vii) Hotel (4 star and above) excluding laundry, 260 per head 60 per head 320 per head
kitchen, staff and water bodies

20 per head
viii) Offices (including canteen) 25 per head 45 per head

ix) Restaurants and food court including water

requirement for kitchen:

a) Restaurants 55 per seat 15 per seat 70 per seat

b) Food court 25 per seat 10 per seat 35 per seat

x) Clubhouse 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head

xi) Stadiums 4 per head 6 per head 10 per head

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xii) Cinemas, concert halls and theatres and 5 per seat 10 per seat 15 per seat
multiplex

xiii) Schools/Educational institutions:

a) Without boarding facilities 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head

b) With boarding facilities 90 per head 45 per head 135 per head

xiv) Shopping and retail (mall)

a) Staff 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head

b) Visitors 5 per head 10 per head 15 per head

xv) Traffic terminal stations (see Notes 3 and

4)

a) Airports 40 per head 30 per head 70 per head

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b) Railway stations (Junctions) with 40 per head 30 per head 70 per head
bathing facility

c) Railway stations (Junctions) without 30 per head 15 per head 45 per head
bathing facility

d) Railway Stations (Intermediate) with 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head
bathing facility

e) Railway Stations (Intermediate) 15 per head 10 per head 25 per head

without bathing facility

f) Interstate bus terminals 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head

g) Intrastate Bus Terminals/Metro 10 per head 5 per head 15 per head

Stations

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Notes:

• For calculating water demand for visitors, consumption of 15 liter per head per day may
be taken.

• The water demand includes requirement of patients, attendants, visitors and staff.
Additional water demand for kitchen, laundry and clinical water shall be computed as per
actual requirements.

• The number of persons shall be determined by average number of passengers handled by

stations, with due considerations given to the staff and vendors who are using these
facilities.

• Consideration should be given for seasonal average peak requirements.

• The hospitals may be categorized as Category A (25 to 50 beds), Category B (51 to 100
beds), Category C (101 to 300 beds), Category D (301 to 500) and Category E (501 to 750
beds).

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ANEXXURE-7

Table 4.4 Water Requirement Perperson

Sl.NO. Description Water Number of Total Input to

requiremen populations water
require External
t per
ment Sewer
person
Line@80%

of total
water

1 Water requirement for 35 ltr. 1996 247860 198288

ltr.
454 units consider
1unit have 4 person
135 ltr.

Per person
2 water requirement 2700 ltr
10%
for visitors

3 Water requirement for Lump sum 15000

road washing ltr

4 Water requirement for Lump sum 15000

gardening ltr

7 STOP RECYCLING Lump sum 15000

ltr

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Sub Total 268400

One day water

188502 Litre
required

STP 198288 Litre

WATER STORAGE TANK SIZING:

In ref to the NBC clause 4.4.10 Point 3, Part 9, Section 1, NBC 2016, Volume 2,

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ANEXXURE-8
Table 4.5 Water Tank Sizing

Water Tank Sizing

Sl. No. Capacity

Description

1 Raw Water Tank Capacity (Under Ground) 94000 Litres

2 Raw Water Tank Capacity (1. Day Storage approx.) 94 KL

3 Domestic Water Tank Capacity (Under Ground) 94000 Litres

4 Domestic Water Tank Capacity (1 Day Storage approx.) 94KL

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TOTAL PER DAY DRAINAGE:

As per NBC manual on sewerage system design, the 80% of total per day water
consumption shall get directed towards the sewage lines, hence to total per day drainage
based on per water demand shall be LPD.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:

The water supply from Bore-well, municipal source shall be brought to

underground raw water storage tanks. The water tanker fill point provision shall be made
to meet emergency requirement.
The water from raw water tank shall be pumped through dual media pressure sand
filter and activated carbon filter and shall be taken to the underground Domestic water tanks
(Assuming the Bore well & municipal water is of potable quality).

Softener shall be provided, depending on local water hardness of Bore well/Raw

water quality.

Water from Domestic Water Storage Tank shall be pumped to over head tank filing
all water consumption points like toilet, Kitchens the Domestic Water requirement.

Centralized RO shall be provided for water supply to kitchen, preparation areas, and
direct point of consumption such as Ice cube machine, coffee machine, drinking fountain
etc.

All filter/treatment equipment shall be in 2 x 50% capacity arrangement.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM:

The Water treatment shall be provided to meet the required standard of potable /
domestic water quality.

Coagulation and Flocculation:

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Coagulation and flocculation are often the first steps in water treatment. Chemicals
with a positive charge are added to the water. The positive charge of these chemicals
neutralizes the negative charge of dirt and other dissolved particles in the water. When this
occurs, the particles bind with the chemicals and form larger particles, called floc.

Sedimentation:

During sedimentation, floc settles to the bottom of the water supply, due to its
weight. This settling process is called sedimentation.

Filtration:
Once the floc has settled to the bottom of the water supply, the clear water on top
will pass through filters of varying compositions (sand, gravel, and charcoal) and pore sizes
in order to remove dissolved particles, such as dust, parasites, bacteria, viruses, and
chemicals.

Disinfection:

After the water has been filtered, a disinfectant (for example, chlorine, chloramine)
may be added in order to kill any remaining parasites, bacteria, and viruses, and to protect
the water from germs when it is piped to homes and businesses.

WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION SCHEMATIC:

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Fig 4.1 Water Supply Distribution

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM MAJOR COMPONENTS:

The water supply to the entire premises shall be supplied by a gravity system
situated in the pump room at below ground level. Which shall run as per the load
requirement inside the building and will vary its speed according the load variation via a
dedicated VFD drive.

SEWAGE SYSTEM:

• Drainage system for soil & waste is based on the most efficient, functional design
& considering, minimum maintenance after installation and available site
topography to minimize the excavation work in laying the pipes. Two pipe systems
(soil and waste) is proposed to carry soil and waste separately from the building
under gravity.

• Waste pipes are connected to manhole through gully trap and soil pipes are to be
directly connected to the manhole.

• Each fixture in the system shall be vented to the atmosphere to provide protection
of trap seals against siphonage and gas leak due to positive pressure, to promote
rapid and silent flow of waste, and to ventilate the sanitary system to reduce
corrosion.

• Air-taps on sanitary system drains for food service equipment shall be provided.
• When sewer ejectors are required, Duplex Submersible Sump Pump System with
each pump sized at 65% of Peak load shall be provided. System include Control
Panel for alternating pumps, pump failure alarm and high-water level. Sewer pump
shall be connected to emergency (generator) backup power.

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BASIS OF DESIGN FOR SEWAGE SYSTEM

• The sewer lines shall be designed for three times average Dry Weather Flow in
relation to the water supply demand.

• It has been assumed that 80% of the domestic water supply shall find its way into
the proposed sewer.

• All the sewer shall be designed to run half full.

• Necessary provision for laying S.W. sewer lines and half flow condition.
• Grease trap for coffee tree area shall be provided before waste is discharged into
Sewage.

STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

• Storm water drainage systems will be designed based on a rainfall intensity of 45

mm per hour. Rainwater harvesting pits of size 3m dia x 4.5m effective depth shall
be provided.
• Storm water drainage system will be provided for the building roof drainage and
the site drainage. Required earth filling shall be provided to rain storm water pipes
through Catch basins/Manholes & Tree Pits Drainage.

SCHEMATIC OF DOUBLE STACK SEWAGE SYSTEM:

Fig 4.2 Double Stack Sewage System

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STANDARD DETAIL OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING PIT

Fig 4.3 Rain Water Harvesting

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Table 4.6 Pipes Used As per Cause

DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURERS

C.P fitting & Bathroom accessories ROCA/ as per Client

UPVC Pipe & Fitting

Supreme

Finolex

Prince

Astral

CPVC Pipe & Fitting Astral Flow guard

Ajay Flow guard

CI Pipe/ Fitting (IS: 3989-1984) NECO / RIF

G.I Fitting Unik

Zoloto ‘M’

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CI Pipe/ Fitting (I.S: 1729) NECO

RIF

Ceram*ic Fixtures ROCA / As per Client

RCC pipes IHP/ Jain Spun

Manhole chamber cover Nico/ RIF

DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURERS

Asian

Anti-Corrosive Bitumastic Paints and Epoxy

Burger
Paint

J& N

WC Pan Connector
MC Alpine (UK)

Multikwin

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Geyser
AO Smith

Recold

Valves and NRV

Saint

Leader

Audco

Clean Out Plug GMR

Cast Brass Clean Out Plugs Camry

Neer

Grease Trap ECO

Stainless Steel Sink

Neelkanth

AMC

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Jayne

Non-return valves, C.I (Dual Plate Type) Advance

Table 4.7 Overhead Domestic Water Tank filling Pump

Overhead Domestic water tank filling pump-Location: UGT Pump Room

Total Water Tank

capacity 85.806 KL

Duration of
Pump
4 Hour
operation

Required LPM of the

360 LPM
Pump

Total head 45 Meter.

Hydraulic Power
kw
Required

safety 20%

Total With Safety kw

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Moto kw considering
60% overall efficiency kw

Selected motor kw

Selected motor HP

No. pump =1working +1stsnd by

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ELECTRICAL LOAD OF ALL THE EQUIPMENT:

ANEXXURE-10

Table 4.8 Electrical load

Overhead Flushing tank filling pump-Location: UGT Pump Room

Total Water Tank capacity 36.774 KL

Duration of Pump
2 Hour
operation

Required LPM of the Pump 310 LPM

Total head 45 meter

Hydraulic Power Required kw

safety 20%

Total With Safety kw

Moto kw considering 60%

overall efficiency kw

Selected motor kw

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Selected motor HP

No. pump =2working +1stsnd by

4.3 CALCULATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION:

Fig 4.4 Water Balancing Sheet

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IRRIGATION STORAGE WATER TANK DESIGN:

Fig 4.5 Irrigation Storage Tank Design

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CENTRAL ELECTRIC WATER HEATER SIZING:

Fig 4.6 Central Electric Water Heater Sizing

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COLD WATER PIPE SIZING:

Fig 4.7 Cold Water Pipe Sizing

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GRAY WATER PIPE SIZING:

Fig 4.8 Gray Water Pipe Sizing

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HOT WATER PIPE SIZING:

Fig 4.9 Hot Water Pipe Sizing

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PUMP CALCULATION:

Fig 4.10 Pump Calculation

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DRAINAGE WASTE PIPE SIZING CALCULATION:

Fig 4.11 Drainage Waste Pipe Sizing

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STORM WATER CALCUTION:

Fig 4.12 Storm Water Calculation

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4.4 Single line diagram for safe plumbing:

Fig 4.13 Single Line Diagram For Safe Plumbing

Fig 4.14 Schematic diagram of Pipes

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

Technical outcomes

• Plumbing harnesses a precious resource —water —to use safely for health, hygiene
and well-being. Plumbing makes possible the miracle of clean, convenient water —
something often taken for granted.

• To assure customer satisfaction, Water Sense products are certified to perform as

well or better than standard models —all while saving at least 20 percent more
water.

• Water efficiency contributes greatly to energy savings. Less water used means less
water heated and less water transported. Installing Water Sense labeled faucet
aerators in bathrooms, for example, help save water and energy.

• Plumbing brings comfort and beauty into homes and lives. Kitchens and bathrooms
not only serve functional purposes; they provide the refuge of comforting meals,
soothing baths and restorative relaxation.

• The plumbing industry is a strong economic engine, providing jobs and livelihoods
to millions of people around the world.

• The ability of plumbing and sanitation systems to deliver clean water and remove
waste has protected populations from communicable disease throughout history.
There is acknowledgement from many within the public health community that
clean, drinkable water has likely protected more lives and extended life expectancy
more than any medical advancement. Plumbing advancements continue to protect
lives in developing nations.

• A future of water sustainability is an achievable prospect, as plumbing

manufacturers work with allies in safe plumbing and water efficiency to find
solutions.

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