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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS)

INTRODUCTION:

Energy storage is the process of capturing energy generated at one time and storing it for later use in order to minimize energy

demand-supply imbalances. An accumulator, also known as a battery, is a device that stores energy.

The rechargeable battery, which stores chemical energy that can be converted to electricity to power a cell phone, is a common

example of energy storage.

SCOPE;

1. 1. The purpose of this record at the monetary and also their monetary evaluation of the BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE

SYSTEM is to help the venture economist in making ready a venture assessment.

2. 2. Except in instances wherein the economist has sizeable revel in with inside the monetary evaluation of strength region

projects, consisting of variable renewable energy (VRE) projects, there may be an extensive and growing literature at the

technical factors of BESS, the info and mastery of which - in maximum occurrence - might cross past the capabilities and revel

in of economists.

3. 3. The largest trouble is calculating the benefits. Round experience performance and degradation are examples of performance;

operation refers to how the BESS is used or worked, along with load transferring or spinning reserve.
OBJECTIVES;

> One of the main traditional functions of power fuel cells is to accumulate energy during times of low prices as well as discharge it

out into the electricity network during times of scarcity or higher prices in many other words, and time switch energy consumption and

provide firm power in order to achieve the target of lowering overall system costs while maintaining a certain degree of reliability.

>BESS has the ability to make VRE integration easier, as seen in this diagram of a thermal device with a high solar PV penetration. If

a BESS can store some of the solar output, two advantages arise: during peak solar output hours, one avoids curtailment and the other

avoids load loss. (World Bank. 2020)

PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY;

Battery energy storage systems convert the DC energy generated by your solar panels into AC power and store it for later use. The

larger the solar system your battery can charge, the higher its power.

1. Charge: During the day, solar-generated renewable electricity is used to charge the battery storage device.

2. Focus on improving. Intelligent battery software utilizes algorithms to manage solar intensity, usage history, carbon price structures,

including weather patterns to optimize when the stored energy is being used.

3. Discharge: When energy is released from a battery warehouse device during times of heightened consumption, it reduces or

eliminates expensive requirement charges.

network. If the solar panels generate more energy than is used or needed, the extra energy is used to charge the battery.

While the battery is completely charged, power will be drawn from the grid, and when the battery is drained, electricity will be drawn

from the grid.

(sunation, n.d.)

HOW BATTERY WORK IN GRID SCALE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

The grid-scale battery enterprise, lithium-ion batteries accounted for the approximately ninety-five percentage of deployed structures,

in line with the report. Redox-waft and zinc-hybrid ion batteries, on the opposite hand, have emerged as crucial technology inside the

enterprise because then.

The goal of strength garage builders is to pick a battery software to make certain an inexpensive, secure, and green strength-garage

system. Each of those battery structures has overall performance-particular functions and implementations, however, the intention of

strength garage builders is the same: to pick a battery software so as to make certain an affordable, reliable, and green strength-garage

system.

LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES;
Lithium-ion batteries have been the first commercially to be had in 1991 to be used in purchaser electronics. Since then, they have got

end up the maximum usually deployed grid-scale strength garage battery technology. Lithium-ion batteries are flexible sufficient to

address each small-scale program like charging electric powered motors and grid-scale programs that want megawatts of strength for

hours at a time.

The motion of lithium ions among the electrodes, each while strength is pumped for garage and while it's miles removed, offers Li-ion

batteries their call. Li-ion batteries use lithiated steel oxides because of the cathode rather than metal lithium, and carbon because of

the anode.

Lithium batteries are definitely the maximum price-powerful and feature the very best strength capability compared to the options for

garage intervals of half-hour to a few hours. Lithium batteries may be configured right into a huge variety of string sizes and battery

racks to offer a huge variety of voltages, strength ratings, and strength increments.

In contrast to different battery technology, lithium battery strings normally have a narrower voltage variety requirement and a better

minimal DC string voltage, which enables lessen the price of the strength-converter tool. The ordinary overall performance of a

lithium-primarily based totally strength garage tool is usually better than that of waft or zinc-hybrid batteries. The charge of discharge,

the weather, and the provider cycle all play a component in inefficiency.

REDOX FLOW BATTERY:

alternate and electric-powered present-day flows are facilitated with the aid of using the membrane, whilst the beverages are saved

separately in acolyte and catholyte tanks. The “redox” (discount, oxidation) call refers back to the chemical discount and oxidation

reactions that take vicinity in those tanks, which shop the produced strength in a liquid electrolyte solution.

RFBs range from traditional batteries in that the system's strength (kW) score is decided with the aid of using the strength stack length

chosen, whilst the strength (kWh) capability is decided with the aid of using the garage tank length and quantities of electrolytes with

inside the tanks.

Many waft batteries are characterized with the aid of using lengthy lifestyle cycles. In theory, this means that any strength and strength

blend may be optimized. As in comparison to the rated capability of the strength stacks, however, the infrastructure wished for

pumping and preserving the tanks will become economically viable for structures with 4 hours or greater of strength.

Four-hour flow battery systems can have a smaller footprint than equivalent lithium-based storage systems in these situations.

Stacking lithium battery containers is normally inefficient due to their weight.

Some people believe that because flow batteries are designed to discharge for four hours or more at rated voltage, they can't be used

for frequency control or other short-term tasks.

ZINC HYBRID BATTERIES

applications. In 1996, the first rechargeable zinc-based batteries were introduced.

With the growing popularity of electric vehicles and distributed energy resources, the availability of low battery systems has

increased. Zinc-hybrid technology often possesses the capability of a grid-scale battery that may be less expensive than newer

technologies.

Zinc is abundant and usually less costly than the materials used to make lithium-ion or flow batteries. Since zinc-hybrid batteries are

still in the early stages of commercialization, their costs are expected to fall faster than those of most other new battery technologies.

A porous anode is created by a mass of zinc particles in zinc-hybrid batteries, which is then saturated with an electrolyte during

discharge. An oxygen reaction produces hydroxyl ions at the cathode, which pass into the zinc paste to form zincate, which releases

electrons that return to the cathode. Zinc-hybrid batteries are supposed to be competitive in renewable energy applications, such as

when solar power plants are co-located. They're also good for applications like peak-shaving which have a daily charged and

discharge time. Both zinc-hybrid and flow batteries, in comparison to lithium-ion solutions, have a wider DC voltage operating range

and require slightly more costly power-converter systems.

(McKay, 2019)

RISK CONSIDERATIONS:
There are several common factors that affect how well a BESS performs, but there are a few that are unique to each project. Things to

think about or challenge when assessing risk:

Since there is a disconnect between the number of energy consumers need and the amount of energy produced, the existing electric

grid is an inefficient system that consumes a large amount of the electricity it generates from the source.

INSURANCE FACTORS;

>CONSTRUCTION;

How is the BESS structure built?

Is it a tin shed or a block of masonry?

Is the room air-conditioned for summer cooling?

Is the associated electrical equipment housed in its own conditioned and covered box, or is it close to the batteries?

Is the battery area well ventilated to ensure that potentially explosive gases produced during charging cycles are removed?

>SAFETY PROTECTION AND THE DESIGN SYSTEM;

Are there fire and smoke detection devices in the BESS building?

Do those devices provide off-site staff and a fire department with remote alerts and notifications?
Is there a fire control device protecting the BESS building and/or battery banks?

Is the system designed to enable the facility to continue operating at maximum or reduced capacity if the BESS fails?

>MAINTENANCE;

What is the protocol for battery repair and monitoring, and how often should it be done?

Are documents kept and accessible for review?

If the individual cells malfunction, spare readily available?

(Caceres, n.d.)

CONCLUSION;

In the commercial power landscape, battery energy storage systems are critical. The use of these systems is critical to balancing

energy load as the number of energy sources grows. Our expertise is in assessing the risks associated with end-to-end battery energy

storage systems.

References
Caceres, A. (n.d.). Gallagher Logo. Retrieved from https://www.ajg.com/us/news-and-insights/2020/mar/risk-considerations-for-

battery-energy-storage-systems/

McKay, C. (2019, march 18). Retrieved from https://www.windpowerengineering.com/how-three-battery-types-work-in-grid-scale-

energy-storage-systems/

sunation. (n.d.). HOW BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS WORK WITH SOLAR. Retrieved 2021, from

https://www.sunation.com/battery-energy-storage-systems-work-solar/

World Bank. (2020). Economic Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems. https://doi.org/10.1596/33971

Gantt chart
BATTER
YENERG
Y
STORAG Week1
Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6 Week7 Week8 Week9 Week10 Week11
Week12
E
SYSTEM
(BESS)

INTRODUCTIO
Task 1
N
 PROCESS AND
Task 2 METHADOLOG
Y
HOW
BATTERY
WORK IN
GRID SCALE
Task 3
ENERGY
STORAGE
SYSTEM

LITHIOUM ION
Task 4 BATTERIES

REDOX FLOW
BATTERY& ZINC
Task 5
HYBRID BATTERIES

RISK &
CONSTRUCTIO
Task 6
N;

SAFETY
PROTECTION
AND THE
Task 7
DESIGN
SYSTEM;

Gap
 CONCL
Task 8
USION