UNIT 6

HEALTH

VOCABULARY 2. Drink some herbal tea and you’ll soon be

A. Circle the odd one out. on the road to ______________.
1. nurse ward surgeon 3. My sister is ______________ from
2. yoya meditation cycling earache.
3. proteins additives minerals 4. I try to ____________ up my metabolism
4. trainers optician dietician by working out.
5. vaccination operation injection 5. You look great. How do you manage to
6. prescription weights treadmill stay in ________________?
7. bandage tablet crutch 6. My grandma always says ____________ is
8. poison diagnose examine better than cure.
7. Claire’s come ___________ with a nasty
B. Match each sentence 1-6 with the bug.
sentence that logically follows it a-f 8. Build up _________ by doing these
1. I cut my hand badly when I was exercises.
preparing dinner.
2. Susie broke her hand while doing
gymnatics.
3. I’ ve doing an aerobic class for a month
now.
4. You should try and eat organic food. D. Circle the correct words.
5. I’ve twisted my ankle, but I don’t know Myth or medical advice?
if it’s broken. “An apple a day keep the doctor away.” Is
6. Ben was in terrible skiing accident. a saying that some people reject as simply
and old wises’ tale. But doest it, and other
a. The doctor think the wound is infected. saying like it, actually contain any truth.
b. I will have to have an X-ray. Old wises’ tale, or at least some of them,
c. I doesn’t contain any preservatives. do indeed have words of wisdom to offer!
d. She’ll have to have it in plaster for a Take the “apple a day” saying. Apples are
few weeks until it heals. full of (1) additives/ vitamins that keep us
e. It’s great. I’ve lost weight and feel healthy and in good (2) shape/ figure
much fitter! physically. If we are healthy, we have no
f. It will take him month to recover. need for a doctor. Other saying is: “starve
C. comple the sentences with words from a fever, feed a cold”. Many researchers
the useful expression. say that person with high (3) illness/
1. Jogging is a great way to_______ up temperature should limit what they eat,
calories. and only drink water. On the other hand,
they (4) diagnose/ advise patients who are
suffering from a cold to do the opposite-
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 to eat the (5) balanced/ nourishing food. C. The question 1-10 below, choose from
Speaking of colds, another old wises’ tale paragraph (A-D). The paragraphs may
(6) prescribes/ treats dear old mum’s be chosen more than once.
home- made chicken soup as a quick and Which paragraph mentions?
simple (7) remedy/ medication for runny 1. Women live longer than men.
noses, sniffles and even (8) sore/ tender 2. People religion doesn’t allow them to
throats. Try it, doctors agree it works. eat some things.
E. Do you agree with these ideas for 3. The role of genes
staying healthy? Why?/ Why not? 4. A special drink that fight disease.
• join a gym or an aerobics class 5. Weekly meeting.
• eating nourishing food that has lots 6. People who sleep in the daytime.
of viatmins and minerals 7. People born in specific twenty- year
• takes vitamins if you have the flu period.
or an infection 8. People who mainly work outdoor.
• drink herbal tea if you have some 9. People who don’t fill themselves up
sore throat. when they eat.
• take medication when a doctor 10. People who drink alcohol.
advice you to D. Find words in the article which
Useful language complete sentences 1-5 correctly.
Health
be prone to strength 1. Your ____________ is the food you eat
come down with burn up calories and how it affects your health. (para A)
prevention is better control yoru weight 2. Food products made from milk are
than cure get/stay in shape describe as________________ (para
take vitamins go to the gym A)
the road to recovery keep fit 3. To ____________ means to order
suffer from increase flexibility somebody not to do something. (para
Fitness speed up your B)
be active metabolism 4. To ______________ means spend their
be in form stretching exercises freetime with other people. (para B)
be out of shape warm up 5. _________ are plants used to give
build up your work up flavour to food or to make medicines.
READING (para D)
A. Answer the questions.
1. How long do you think the oldest
person in the world lived for?
2. What do you think the secrets of long
life or longevity are?
3. Would you like to live to be very old?
Why? / Why not?
B. Read the question from 1- 10 in C.
Underline the reason for longevity that
you think will be in the text.

44
 between 1880 and 1900 lived to their 100th
birthday- a rate more than twice as high as
the average for Italy.
Why do they live so long? Lifestyle is part of
the answer. The people work hard on their
farm and place great importance on their
family. Take 75-year-old Sardinian Tonino
Tola for example. It’s 11 a.m and Tonino has
already milked 4 cows chopped wood and
walked 6km with his sheeps. Taking a break,
he sits down with his family to eat. Nutrition
is a factor in Sardinians’ longevity- their
diets are rich in fruits and vegetables, milk
and dairy products, fish and some red while,
most of which produced on their own farms.
Their genetic history also helps. Many of
them are related to the first Sardinian, who
arrived in the area about 11,000 year ago.
Genetic traits have become stronger over the
years and favour longevity.

Word Focus B. Residents of Loma Linda, California

trait: particular characteristic Marge Jetton is speeding down the motorway
consumption: eating or drinking in her purple car. Marge, who recently turn
something
101, is late for one of several volunteer
life expectancy: the length of time that a
person is likely to live commitment she has today. Already this
dementia: a serious illness of the mind, morning, she’s eaten breakfast, walked
especially in old people 1.6km, and lifted weights. Like many other
fast: a period of time when no food is residents of Loma Linder, California, Marge
eaten
is a member of a religous community that has
always supported healthy living. It forbids
smoking and drinking alcoho, and discourage
the consumption of most meat, rich foods
and caffeinated drinks as well as most spices.
Instead, they enjoy beans, nuts, whole wheat
The secret of long life! bread, soy bean milk, tomatoes and other
A long, heathy life is no accident. It depends fruits as well as five glasses of water a day.
on good genes and good habits. Scientists who All of these lower the risk of developing
are interested in investigating what certain diseases. In addition, every Saturday
contributes to long life have been focusing on they get to together and socialise with each
groups
other to relieve stress. A study has revealed
A. Sardinians that members of this community live four to
In a group of villages on the island of ten years longer than other Californians.
Sardina, 91 of the 17,865 people born
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 C. Okinawan 2. Is it a man or a woman? Why?
Ushi Okinawa has started a new job. Not 3. How old do you think he/she is?
long ago she started wearing perfume. 4. What may be his/ her secret of a long
Predictable behaviour for young woman, life?
perhaps, but Ushi is 103. • Healthy diet
With a life expectancy of 78 years for man • Regular exercise
and 86 years for women. Okinawans are • Hard- working
among the world’s longest- living people. • Party- hard
They enjoy years from illnesses, have very • Stay optimistic
low rate of cancer and heart disease, and are • Living alone
less likely to develop dementia. Their habit
• Others
of consuming food grow on the island and
B. Listen to the first part of the news from
eating in moderatio-“ eat until your stomach
Deepenglish.com and check your
is 80 percent full.”- may contribute to their
answers to question 1-3
longevity. Furthermore, many belong to a
moai, a support network that provides help.
C. Match a word/ phrase in A with its
Ikigai may be another factor.
definition in B

D. Ikarians
A
Socrates Xerolas parties hard and stays up 2
1. anemia
every night. The amazing thing isn’t that he
2. reduce
does it in a remote moutain village, that he 3. stick to something religiously
does it at 103 years old. 4. suitor
On the Greek island of Ikaria, more than a 5. reject
third of residents reach age 90. They suffer 6. dominated
less cancer and heart diseases and, most 7. loner
surprisingly, none of the dementia that 8. pin something on
afflicts other cultures. Long- living Ikarians 9. fly in the face
observe about 150 days of religious fast a B
year, sleep late and nap daily. They eat a. cut down
mostly leafty green, potatoes and beans. But b. see something as the cause of
there is one unique factor that are not seen in
c. rebuff
other areas where people live for a long d. a man who is trying to marry a woman
time: the key ingredients to living longer is e. a person who like to live alone
grown right in their gardens. It’s a selection f. do something regularly
of herbs used to make tea and they all have g. controlled
one thing in common. They lower blood h. challenge something
pressure, a major cause of cancer and i. a condition in which there is a
dementia. deficiency of red cells in the blood.
LISTENING
A. In pair ask and answer the following D. Listen to the second part of the news and
question mark these statements True or False.
1. Where does the world eldest person
live?
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 1. Emma has a diet of eggs, apple, and
cookies.
2. Recently she has three raw eggs
regularly.
3. Emma has a happy family life.
4. Divorce was illegal at the time she
separated from her husband.
5. Since her divorce, no-one ever wants to
marry her again.

6. Her doctor believes that deep

relationships with eggs and staying
single make up her longevity.
7. She wishes to meet people from all
over Italy on her birthday.
B. How healthy are you? Complete the
E. Listen to the last part again and fill in the questionaire below. Do you agree with
blanks. what is said about the results?
Emma Morano’s longevity might have Compare with a partner.
nothing to do with eggs or (1) 1. How often do you get a good eight
hours’ sleep?
____________, but she certainly thinks it
A. Every night- and I perfer nine or ten
does. And this belief (2) ____________ of
hours.
everything that most people believe.
B. Not often- I don’t need much sleep.
Tropes like needing a (3) ____ to
C. I sometimes find it hard to get to sleep.
complete us are all around us in popular
2. How often do you do any exercise?
culture. But perhaps not everyone is A. Once a week
meants to be with someone. And maybe B. Every day
the key to a long and happy life has (4) C. Hardly ever
_____________ with finding a life partner. 3. What do you usually have for lunch?
SPEAKING A. A large meal
A. Look at the photos below and say why B. Salad or sandwiches.
you think the people have chosen these C. Nothing
activities. Then discuss the following 4. When did you last have a cold?
question in pair. A. I uaually have one or two a year
• Do you prefer to exercise alone or in a B. I can’t remember
class? Why? C. I get them all the time
• Would you like to spend time in a gym 5. How many cup of tea or coffee do you
like one in the photo? drink a day?
• What do you think of the exercise A. No more than three.
facilities in your town? B. I don’t drink anything with caffein.
• What do you think is the best type of C. Between fout and fourteen.
exercise? Why? 6. You have a headache. Do you
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 A. go straight to the doctor? express strong feelings about
B. take an aspirin? something that hasn’t been done or
C. hope it will go away? about something that should happen
7. Do you think it’s necessary to ad salt to very soon.
your food? I think it’s about time you thought anout your
A. Sometimes diet a bit more.
B. Never It’s time you took a good look at your
C. Always lifestyle.
8. Which is true for you? It’s high time you did some exercise.
A. I’ve given up smoking. D. Work in groups. Look at these problem
B. I’ve never smoke. and some advice.
C. I smoke about 5 cigarettes or more a 1. I find it really hard to get out of bed in
day. the morning.
9. Which is true for you? 2. I want to get into shape but hate sports.
A. I think I’m fit and healthy. 3. I always feel hungry as soon as I get to
B. I think illness is all in the mind. school.
C. I sometimes worry about my health. 4. My head hurts when I play computer
C. Underline the verbs and phrases which games.
are used to give advice and make 5. I’m addicted to burgers and chocolate.
suggestions. One has been done for you 6. I want to take up a hobbies that will
in the “ Mostly As”. This is an example help me get fit.
of advice. Make a note of what follow How did you score?
the verb or expression. Mostly As: You are fairly healthy and have a
Exapmle: should + infinitive without to good attidude to life . You should try to
watch what you eat a little more, and if I
were you, I’d try to do a little more exercise.
Look at these problems, and with a
Too much work andn not enough play isn’t
partner, give advice and make good for you! I think it’s about time you
suggestions. Try to vary the verbs and thought about your diet.
phrases you use. Mostly Bs: You are obviously in the peak of
Example: I can’t stop sneezing. condition! I recommend you relax, as you
ought to get some rest, even if you don’t
Advice: If I were you, I’d take a cold shower.
need much sleep. Overdoing things can lead
a. I woke up covered in spots this to illness! Why don’t you try doing more
morning. reading, or go on holiday- or have you ever
b. I’ve burnt my hand. thought of playing a musical instrument?
c. I’m hoping to be picked for the local Mostly Cs: Oh dear! It’s time you took a
good look at your lifestyle. Missing meals
cyclying team.
and not getting sleep and exercise are bad for
d. I thinks I’ve broken my wrist. you. My advice to you is to start right away-
e. I’m going on holiday to a tropical you’d better join a gym. I also suggest
country. cutting down on coffee and drink more water
f. I’ m going to faint. and fruit juice.
WRITING: Too much caffein will you
An article
awake!
g. I’ve been stung by a wasp. When you want to give advice in your
h. I never seem to have any energy. writing, you need reader to trust you.
Note: The expression It’s time..., It’s about • Use a light- hearted and encouraging tone.
time..., and It’s high time are used to
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• If you are too critical, the reader will not As the old saying goes: prevention is
problry follow your advice. better the cure. So (6) _____________
• Introduce pieces of advice by using these these simple tips and stay germs- free this
structure and expressions: Don’t worry if winter.
you..., Make sure you..., Try (not) to +
infinitive/noun, Why don’t you + bare B. Read the model example again and
infinitive...?, You could always + bare answer these questions.
infinitive..., You shoun’t + bare 1. Has the writer copied word for word
infinitives... from the task?
A. Do you have any advice for fellow 2. Why does the write begin with the
students who want to avoid getting question?
colds and flu this winter? Read the 3. Is the tone of the article angry ,
example and complete it with these encouraging or critical?
words. 4. Is it written in a formal, informal or
don’t forget try to make sure semi- formal way?
shouldn’t why not don’t worry
C. Circle the correct words to complete
Common sense fights the common cold the plan for model article
Are you one of the people who come Title: Common sense fights the common cold
down with colds and fly every autumn? Paragraph 1: Introduce the theme/ first tip
(1) ______; here are some handy tips to and state what the article will be
prevent nasty colds. about.
First of all, a healthy diet can help to Paragraph 2: Tip 1: discuss the benefits/
prevent you getting sick. However, you drawbacks of a healthy diet.
(2)___________ wait to get a cold and Paragraph 3: Tip 2: discuss the importance of
start to take action. (3) ____________ cold/ sleep.
give yourself a head start by regular eating Paragraph 4 : Tip 3 discuss why people
and drinking foods and drinks high in should wash their hands/ touch
important vitamins? Even if you become clean things.
ill, the road to recovery will be much Paragraph 5 : Conclude by making a general
easier. statement and refering back to
Secondly, sleeping well is very important the tips/ adding an extra tip.
to good health. Lack of sleep lower your
body resistance to illnesses and make it D. Now write your own article
harder to fight off colds. So, (4) ______
you get around eight hours sleep a night to
stay in form.
Last, but not least, you must ensure that
you are hygienic. Colds can easily be
caught by touching surfaces which have
germ on them. (5) ___________ wash
your hands in warm soapy water after
touching door handles, telephones, buttons
and doorbells.
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 It’s never been so important for
teenagers to keep fit. Do you have any
good advice to have fellow students get
in shape? Write an article about 140-
190 words.
---------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------- 2. Here is the journalist’s radio
--------------------------------------------------- report. Fill in the gaps with the verb in
--------------------------------------------------- the box.Then listen to the second part of
--------------------------------------------------- the recording to check your answers.
--------------------------------------------------- announced asked assured denied
--------------------------------------------------- claimed hoped promised said
---------------------------------------------------
At local company Angleside, up to 150
---------------------------------------------------
employees will lose their jobs.
---------------------------------------------------
Christopher West, the Managing Director,
(1) __________ they would be offering
GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH
voluntary redundancy and early retirement
A. Context listening
and (2) _____________ to cover the job
1. You are going to hear an interview
losses in this way. I (3)_____________
with Christopher West, the Managing
Mr. West if these cuts were a result of
Director of a company call Angleside.
Angleside’s poor performance over the
Listen to the first part and fill in the
past five years but he (4)__________ that
gaps.
the comapny had not doing well and
Mr. West: However, we (1)
(5)_____________ that the job losses
___________ voluntary redundancy and
have nothing to do with the figures. West
early retirement and (2)_____________ to
(6)_________ they decided to make
cover most of the jobs this way.
changes two years ago. He (7)
Interviewer: And what has led to this
___________ me that the company would
situation? (3)___________ a result of
contunue to operate in the future and (8)
Angleside’s poor performance over the
__________ to do his best for the
past five years.?
employees.
Mr. West: No, the company
3. What are the main differnces between
(4)_________ badly. This
the texts in Exercise 1 and Exercise 2?
(5)_____________ nothing to do with the
B. Grammar
figures. It just makes good business sense.
We can use reported speech to report in
Interviewer: So (6)____________ that
writing or speech what someone has said.
your figures (7) ___________the basis for
1. Tense changes
this decision to cut job?
When we report what someone has said
Mr. West: Absolutely. We (8) _________
we sometimes change the tense of the
the way we operate our business two years
main verb: we move tenses “back” on
ago.
tense.

50
Original tense Tense in reported “This has nothing to do with the
of main verb speech figures”
Present simple Past simple He said that the job losses have nothing to do
I drink water. She said she drank with the figures. ( at the time of reporting this
water. fact is still true)
Present Past continuous • the original tense was past simple or past
continuous She said she was continuous:
I am driking drinking water. “ We decided to change the way we
water. operate our business two years ago”
Present perfect Past perfect West claimed that they decided to make
I have drunk She said she had changes two years ago.
water. drunk water. 2. Reporting verbs
Past simple Past perfect When we report what someone has said,
I drank a lot of She said she had we are unlikely to use ecxact the same
water. drunk water. word as in the original speech. Here are
Past continuous Past perfect some common reporting verbs:
I was drinking continuous
water. She said she had been reporting verb (+ that)
drinking water. Agree, admit, announce, argue,
Past perfect Past perfect believe, claim, complain, deny,
She said she had She said she had explain, insist, promise, propose,
drunk a lot of drunk a lot of water. reply, request, say, state, suggest,
water. think, warn:
Be going to Was/were going to The director claimed (that) they decided to
I am going to She said she was make the changes two years ago.
drink water. going to drink water. reporting verb + someone + that
Will Would assure, inform, persude, remind, tell:
I will drink She said she would He assured the interviewer that the company
water. drink water. would continue to operate in the future.
May/ might Might reporting verb + to – infinitive
I may/ might She said she might agree, ask, claim, offer, promise, propose,
drink more drink more water. refuse:
water. He promised to do his best for the
Can Could employees.
I can’t drink She said she couldn’t reporting verb + someone + to - infinitive
more water. drink more water. advise, ask, encourage, invite, persuade,
Must Had to remind, tell, urge, warn:
I must drink She said she had to They urged the employees to stay calm.
more water. drink more water. reporting verb + preposition + V_ing/
However, we often choose no to change noun
the tense. This may be because urge about/ complain about: He
• what we are talking about remain true: complain about his terribly aching
back.

51
 apologise for: The company aplogied
for causing redundancies. He said he would see me tommorw.
Insist on: The manager insisted on Report on the same day
seeing the staff. He said he would see me the next day.
reporting verb + someone + Report at a late date
preposition + V_ing/ noun
Accuse of: they accused theh company of Sometimes the context reqiures pronouns
planing badly. to change:
Advise about/ remind about: they reminded “I like you” -> He said he liked her.
her about the meeting. “I like you” -> I said I liked her.
Advise on/ congratulate on: He advised on 4. Reporting questions
the deal. We use statement word order when
Blame for/ thank for: They thanked her for reporting questions:
coming. I asked Mr. West how he was going to
reporting verb + V_ing/ noun deal with the problem. ( not I asked Mr.
Accept, admit, deny, suggest: West how was he going to deal with the
The director denied having finnancial problem.)
problem.
The employees accepted the offer of To report questions with question words (
early redundancy. who, what, where, when, why, how) we
reporting verb + someone (+ noun) keep question word:
Offer, promise, refuse: “What has les to this situation?”
He offered her a job. ➔ The interviewer asked what had led to
Notes: some of the word can be used in the situation.
difference ways (eg. Admit, claim, We can use if or whether to report Yes/No
offer, persuade): questions:
West claimed that they decided to “Are these cut a result of Anglesiade’s
make the changes two years ago. poor performance over the past five
West claimed to have decided to years?”
make the changes two years ago. Note: We do not use question mark for
3. Time references ect. reported question.
We sometimes need to change other C. Grammar exercises
words or phrases in reported speech if 1. Underline the correct verb in each
they are reported at a difference sentence.
timemfrom the original words: a. Some people argue/ remind that
Today-> that day banning car from city centers
Yesterday-> the day before would reduce pollution.
Now-> ten/ straight away b. The organization campaigns against
Here-> there and for the enviroment and they
Tomorrow-> the following day/ insist/urge people to start walking
the next day and cycling more.
Next week-> the following week c. My boyfriend is always forgetting
This-> that things so it was a good idea thing I
reminded/ sugguested him to bring
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 his passport when he went on house for dinner on Friday.
holiday ____________
d. I was very unhappy with the service h. During the check-up the doctor
so I complained/ insisted to the asked me what did I have for
manager and he gave me a discount breakfast. ____
on my meal.
e. I need to talk to my boss so I 3. Report each of the sentence below using
suggested/ reminded a meeting and the verbs from the box. Remember that
we arranged one later that day. you do not need to report the original
f. The students felt very strongly about words exactly.
the issue and refused/ insisted on agree apologise ask
seeing the vice –chancellor to deny enourage
discuss it. persuade promise refuse
g. I offered him a really nice cake but suggest
he refused/denied to eat.
h. The tennis player regretted his a. “We are going to lower taxes and
actions and blamed/ apologised for reduce unemployment”
his behaviour afterward. ➔ The government ______________
i. Jane was having difficulties sleeping b. “I really think you should cut down on
and the doctor advised/suggested your sugary snack”.
her to take some rest from her ➔ She _______________________
heavy work schedual. c. “No, I won’t help you. Do it yourself!”
j. The armed robbers warned/ ➔ He __________________________
announced the bank staff not to d. “Ok. I will go on diet.”
move or they might use their guns. ➔ She _________________________
2. Correct the mistakes in these e. “I didn’t wake grandma up in the
sentences. middle of night. It wasn’t me.”
a. I met Amie and she said me she ➔ He __________________________
was getting married. __________ f. “ We are very sorry that we broke your
b. The health minister encouraged the legs.”
people take up exercises in the ➔ They ________________________
morning. __________ g. “ Why aren’t there many poisonous
c. In the chek- up he asked did I take snake in Britain?”
in a lot of fast food. ___________ ➔ He __________________________
d. Speaker urged the people that they h. “Are you going to the hospital
should vote for him. __________ tomorrow.”
e. We agreed making our ➔ She _________________________
presentation to the first group. i. “Why don’t you have a day off? You
___________ could do with a rest.”
f. My tutor promised to mark the first ➔ She _________________________
draft of my dissertation j. “ Please come to the theater with me
immediately. Dan. I think you will enjoyed it.”
g. Jacques invited us going to his “Oh, alright then, Claire”
➔ Claire _______________________
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