1
2
Learning Objectives
Having worked through this the students will be able
to:
1: calculation reservoir parameters by semi log plot
2: calculation OIIP for Transient Period & Semi-Steady
State Period
3: Examples
3
t(hr) 𝑷𝒘𝒇(psi)
0 4000
:Example Problem 0.1 3717
0.5 3688
Draw down test was run on an oil well 1.0 3676
to determine average reservoir 2.0 3663
permeability , the skin factor , and the 3.0 3656
4.0 3651
OIIP. The following bottom hole
5.0 3647
pressure ( Pwf ) data was recorded 6.0 3644
during the test at depth 10,200 ft and 8.0 3638
other information was given: 10.0 3635
12.0 3632
15.0 3628
20.0 3623
𝑞𝑜 =500 STB/D 𝜇𝑜 =1 cp 𝛽𝑜𝑖 =1.25 rbbl/STB 25.0 3619
30.0 3616
𝐶𝑡 =20 × 10−6 𝑝𝑠𝑖 −1 h=50ft 𝑟𝑤 = 3 in
35.0 3613
𝑆𝑤𝑖 =0.22 ,and Ø = 0.10 40.0 3610
45.0 3607
50.0 3605
60.0 3600
70.0 3595
80.0 3590
90.0 3585
100 3581
End the test
4
3740
3720 Draw down test analysis
3700
3680 m=3635-3675.5=40.5psi/cycle
3660
P1hr=3675.5psi
Pwf,psi
3640
3620
3600
3580 tss=60hrs
3560
0.1 1 10 100
Time,hrs
5
m= 40.5 psicycle
Solution:
For Transient Period :
• Average reservoir permeability:
From the plot:
q×μ×β 500 1 (1.25)
k= 162.6 = = 50.2 md
m×h 40.5 (50)
k = 50.2 md
6
• Skin factor (S):
𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 =3675.5psi
𝑷𝒊 −𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝒌
S= 1.151 ( – log +3.23)
𝒎 Ø×µ×𝑪𝒕× 𝒓𝒘 𝟐
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟓.𝟓 𝟓𝟎.𝟐
S= 1.151 ( –log +3.23)
𝟒𝟎.𝟓 (𝟎.𝟏𝟎)×𝟏×(𝟐𝟎 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )(𝟎.𝟐𝟓)𝟐
S= +3.04
• The pressure drop due to skin
∆𝑃𝑆 =0.87 m S
= 0.87(40.5)(3.04)
∆𝑷𝑺 = 107.1 psi
7
• Calculating OIIP:
𝒕𝒔𝒔 = 60 hr
𝑘×𝑡𝑠𝑠 50.2 (60)
𝑟𝑒 = = = 1260ft
948×Ø×𝜇×𝐶𝑡 948(0.10)(1)(20 ×10−6 )
∏ ×𝑟𝑒 2 ×ℎ× Ø ×(1−𝑆𝑤𝑖 )
OIIP = =
5.615 ×𝛽𝑜𝑖
∏ 1260 2 (50) (0.10) (1 − 0.22)
= 2771731.23 STB
5.615 (1.25)
8
Linear plot
3740
3720
3700
3680
Pwf
3660
3640
3620
3600
3580
3560
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tp
9
For Semi-Steady State Period :
From the linear plot:
• The pore volume (𝑽𝒑 ):
𝑞×𝛽 500 (1.25)
𝑉𝑝 =0.0418 = 0.0418 = 2612500
𝑀×𝐶𝑡 0.5 (20 ×10−6 )
𝑉𝑝 =2612500 STB
• Calculating OIIP:
OIIP= 𝑉𝑝 (1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑖 ) = 2612500 (1 − 0.22)
10
t(hr) 𝑷𝒘𝒇(psi)
:Example Problem
0 3000
Draw down test was conducted on an oil well 0.04 2932
producing at rate 100 STB/D.use the following data 0.10 2925
to calculate. 0.80 2909
1.60 2904
1:Intial pressure Pi, average permeability and the
4 2897
skin factor .
10 2890
2: the Oil Intial in Place OIIP. 25 2883
40 2878
Where the following information was given:
65 2873
100 2865
160 2850
250 2828
End the test
𝑞𝑜 =100 STB/D 𝜇𝑜 =0.80 cp 𝛽𝑜𝑖 =1.35 rbbl/STB
𝐶𝑡 =15.55 × 10−6 𝑝𝑠𝑖 −1 h=20ft 𝑟𝑤 = 0.33 ft
re =1053 ft 𝑆𝑤𝑖 =25% ,and Ø = 12.1%
11
Semi log plot
2940
2920
m=17.5psi/cycle
2900
P1hr=2907.5psi
Pwf
2880
2860
2840
2820
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Tp
12
Solution:
For Transient Period :
• Average reservoir permeability:
From the semi log plot:
2890−2907.5
m=slope=𝑙𝑜𝑔 = -17.5𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τ𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
10 −𝑙𝑜𝑔(1)
q×μ×β 100 0.8 (1.35)
k= 162.6 = = 50.17 md
m×h 17.5 (20)
k = 50.17 md
13
• Skin factor (S):
𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 =2907.5psi
𝑷𝒊 −𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝒌
S= 1.151 ( – log ( )+3.23)
𝒎 Ø𝑪𝒕 𝒓𝒘 𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟕.𝟓 𝟓𝟎.𝟏𝟕
S= 1.151 ( –log ( )+3.23)
𝟏𝟕.𝟓 𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟏 ×𝟎.𝟖×(𝟏𝟓.𝟓𝟓 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )(𝟎.𝟑𝟑)𝟐
S=+0.0344 there is a little bit damage
• The pressure drop due to skin
∆𝑃𝑆 =0.87 m S
= 0.87(17.5)(0.0344)
∆𝑷𝑺 = 0. 523 psi
14
• Calculating OIIP:
∏ ×𝑟𝑒 2 ×ℎ× Ø ×(1−𝑆𝑤𝑖 )
OIIP = =
5.615 ×𝛽𝑜𝑖
∏ × 10532 × 20 × 0.121 × (1 − 0.25)
= = 833641.8STB
5.615 × 1.35
OIIP = 833641.8 STB
15
Linear plot
2940
2920
M=0.243psi/cycle
2900
Pwf
2880
2860
2840
2820
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tp
16
For Semi-Steady State Period :
From the plot:
2850−2873
M= = - 0.242 𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τℎ𝑟
160−65
• The pore volume (𝑽𝒑 ):
𝑞×𝛽
𝑉𝑝 =0.0418
𝑀×𝐶𝑡
100 (1.35)
= 0.0418
0.242 (15.55 ×10−6 )
𝑉𝑝 =1499561STB
• Calculating OIIP
1499561 1−0.25
OIIP= 𝑉𝑝 (1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑖 )/β0 =
1.35
OIIP=833089STB
17
t(hr) 𝑷𝒘𝒇(psi)
:Example Problem
0 3000
Draw down test was conducted on an oil well 0.04 2932
producing at rate 100 STB/D.use the following data 0.10 2925
to calculate. 0.80 2909
1.60 2904
1:Intial pressure Pi, average permeability and the
4 2897
skin factor .
10 2890
2: the Oil Intial in Place OIIP. 25 2883
40 2878
Where the following information was given:
65 2873
100 2865
160 2850
250 2828
End the test
𝑞𝑜 =100 STB/D 𝜇𝑜 =0.80 cp 𝛽𝑜𝑖 =1.35 rbbl/STB
𝐶𝑡 =15.55 × 10−6 𝑝𝑠𝑖 −1 h=20ft 𝑟𝑤 = 0.33 ft
re =1053 ft 𝑆𝑤𝑖 =25%
18
Semi log plot
2940
2920
m=17.5psi/cycle
2900
P1hr=2907.5psi
Pwf
2880
2860
2840
2820
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Tp
19
Solution:
For Transient Period :
Initial pressure Pi=3000psi
• Average reservoir permeability:
From the semi log plot:
2890−2907.5
m=slope=𝑙𝑜𝑔 = -17.5𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τ𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
10 −𝑙𝑜𝑔(1)
q×μ×β 100 0.8 (1.35)
k= 162.6 = = 50.17 md
m×h 17.5 (20)
k = 50.17 md
20
• Skin factor (S):
𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 =2907.5psi
𝑷𝒊 −𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝒌
S= 1.151 ( – log ( )+3.23)
𝒎 Ø𝑪𝒕 𝒓𝒘 𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟕.𝟓 𝟓𝟎.𝟏𝟕
S= 1.151 ( –log ( )+3.23)
𝟏𝟕.𝟓 ? ×𝟎.𝟖×(𝟏𝟓.𝟓𝟓 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )(𝟎.𝟑𝟑)𝟐
• From plotting Pwf vs Time on Linear paper
21
Chart Title
2940
2920
M=0.243psi/cycle
2900
pwf
2880
2860
2840
2820
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
tp
22
For Semi-Steady State Period :
From the linear plot:
2850−2873
M= = - 0.242 𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τℎ𝑟
160−65
• The pore volume (𝑽𝒑 ):
𝑞×𝛽
𝑉𝑝 =0.0418
𝑀×𝐶𝑡
100 (1.35)
= 0.0418
0.242 (15.55 ×10−6 )
𝑉𝑝 =1499561STB
𝜋×𝑟𝑒2 ×ℎ×∅
Vp =
5.615
𝑉𝑝 ×5.615
∅=
𝜋×𝑟𝑒2 ×ℎ
1499561×5.615
∅= = 0.121
𝜋×10532 ×20
23
• Skin factor (S):
𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 =2907.5psi
𝑷𝒊 −𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝒌
S= 1.151 ( – log ( )+3.23)
𝒎 Ø𝑪𝒕 𝒓𝒘 𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟕.𝟓 𝟓𝟎.𝟏𝟕
S= 1.151 ( –log ( )+3.23)
𝟏𝟕.𝟓 ? ×𝟎.𝟖×(𝟏𝟓.𝟓𝟓 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )(𝟎.𝟑𝟑)𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟕.𝟓 𝟓𝟎.𝟏𝟕
S= 1.151 ( –log ( )+3.23)
𝟏𝟕.𝟓 𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟏 ×𝟎.𝟖×(𝟏𝟓.𝟓𝟓 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )(𝟎.𝟑𝟑)𝟐
S=+0.0344
• The pressure drop due to skin
∆𝑃𝑆 =0.87 m S
= 0.87(17.5)(0.0344)
∆𝑷𝑺 = 0. 523 psi
24
• Calculating OIIP:
∏ ×𝑟𝑒 2 ×ℎ× Ø ×(1−𝑆𝑤𝑖 )
OIIP = =
5.615 ×𝛽𝑜𝑖
∏ × 10532 × 20 × 0.121 × (1 − 0.25)
= = 833641.8STB
5.615 × 1.35
OIIP = 833641.8 STB
25
:Example Problem
A pressure Draw down test was conducted on the discovery well in anew reservoir to
estimate the drainage volume of the reservoir ,the Initial average reservoir pressure was
4150psi .the well was flowed at a constant rate of 550 b/d.use the following data
𝜇𝑜 =3.3 cp 𝛽𝑜𝑖 =1.55 rbbl/STB t(hr) 𝑷𝒘𝒇(psi)
1 4025
−5 −1
𝐶𝑡 =1 × 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖 h=93ft 𝑟𝑤 = 0.50 ft
2 4006
𝑆𝑤𝑖 =20% Ø = 34.3% 3 3999
4 3996
calculate. 6 3993
1:the average permeability of the formation 8 3990
10 3989
around the well. 20 3982
2: has there been any damage to the well? 30 3979
40 3979
3:what is the OIIP of the reservoir communicating
50 3978
to the well? 60 3977
70 3976
80 3975
End the test
26
Chart Title
4030
4020
4010 m=19.97psi/cycle
pwf
4000
P1hr=4008.4psi
3990
3980
3970
1 10 100
tp
27
Solution:
For Transient Period :
1: Average reservoir permeability:
From the Semi log plot:
m=slope= -19.97 𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τ𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
q×μ×β 550 3.3 (1.55)
k= 162.6 = = 246.30 md
m×h 19.97 (93)
k = 246.30md
28
2: Skin factor (S):
𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 =4008.4psi
𝑷𝒊 −𝑷𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝒌
S= 1.151 ( – log ( )+3.23)
𝒎 Ø𝑪𝒕 𝒓𝒘 𝟐
𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟎−𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟖.𝟒 𝟐𝟒𝟔.𝟑
S= 1.151 ( –log ( )+3.23)
𝟏𝟗.𝟗𝟕 𝟎.𝟑𝟒𝟑 ×𝟑.𝟑×(𝟏×𝟏𝟎−𝟓 )(𝟎.𝟓)𝟐
S = +2.74 there is damage
• The pressure drop due to skin
∆𝑃𝑆 =0.87 m S
= 0.87(19.97)(2.74)
∆𝑷𝑺 = 47.60psi
29
• Calculating OIIP:
𝒕𝒔𝒔 = 40 hr
𝑘×𝑡𝑠𝑠 246.3 (40)
𝑟𝑒 = = = 958.17ft
948×Ø×𝜇×𝐶𝑡 948(0.343)(3.3)(1 ×10−5 )
∏ ×𝑟𝑒 2 ×ℎ× Ø ×(1−𝑆𝑤𝑖 )
OIIP = =
5.615 ×𝛽𝑜𝑖
∏ 958.17 2 (93) (0.343) (1 − 0.25)
= 7924496.164 STB
5.615 (1.55)
OIIP = 7924496.164 STB
30
Chart Title
4040
4020
4000
3980
Pwf
3960
3940
3920
3900
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Tp
31
For Semi-Steady State Period :
From the Linear plot:
M= = 0.1 𝑝𝑠𝑖 Τℎ𝑟
• The pore volume (𝑽𝒑 ):
𝑞×𝛽
𝑉𝑝 =0.0418
𝑀×𝐶𝑡
550 (1.55)
= 0.0418
0.1 (1 ×10−5 )
𝑉𝑝 =35634500STB
• Calculating OIIP
35634500 1−0.25
OIIP= 𝑉𝑝 (1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑖 )/β0 =
1.55
OIIP=17242500STB
32
33
34
35
