Gurmat Gyan Part 2
Gurmat Gyan Part 2
ª ª
Xkofwe gqhfynk
bJh fBoXkfos g[ ; se
gurmiq igAwn
drjw - dUjw
b/ y e L
vkH fJz d oihs f;z x r' r ' n kDh
(n?wHJ/H Xow nfXn?B, gzikph, ;zrhs, ghn?uHvhH)
gq e kFe L
Xow gq u ko ew/ N h, (F' q L r[ L gq L ew/ N h)
;q h nz f wq s ;o.
gq e kFe L
;eZ s o, Xow gq u ko ew/ N h
(F' q L r[ L gq L ew/ N h)
;q h nz f wq s ;o.
gfjbh n? v h L
;sz p o 2012 - 15,000
d{ i h n? v h L
wJh 2013 - 20,000
shih n? v h L
nr;s 2014 - 20,000
Skge L
r' b vB nk\;? N gq ? ; ,
r[ o d[ n kok okw;o ;kfjp, ;q h nz f wq s ;o.
(doik-d{ik)
d; gqFBK d/ ;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o L Gkr-T (r[o fJfsjk;)
S/tI/ gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 7
;Zst/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih 25
nZmt/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 34
B"t/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih 42
d;t/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 54
r[opkDh (gqFB-T[&&Zso) 75
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1>tkfjr[ o { ih eh \sfj–
;z d / F gqXkB,
F'w
q Dh r[od[nkok gqpX
z e ew/Nh,
;qh nzfwqs;o.
(ntsko f;zx)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(5)
r[ o wfs frnkB ;z p z X h
r[owfs frnkB dk Fkpfde noE ;gZFN j? fe ;fsr[oK d/ f;XKs dk frnkB
iK r[oK d/ Ekg/ Xow d/ fB:wK dh ikDekoh. nZi ;kv/ gk; fJ; ikDekoh dk w[y
Z
nXko r[o fJfsjk;, r[opkDh, f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk j?, fi; dk
v{x
z k nfXn?B eoe/ fJe f;Zy d/ wB ftu,r[o{ d/ f;Zy j'D dk wkD g?dk jzd
[ k j?.
F'w
q Dh r[od[nkok gqpX
z e ew/Nh dh Xow gquko ew/Nh tb'I ;e{bK-ekbiK
d/ ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgD/ Xow s/ fto;/ gqsh fdOVQ eoB bJh jo ;kb Xkofwe
gqhfynk bJh iKdh j?. fJ; ftu tZvh frDsh ftu ftfdnkoEh Gkr b?Id/ jB. id'A
f;b/p; ftu ;'X eoe/ BtK f;b/p; fB:s ehsk frnk sK fJ; ;pzXh S/thI s'I
pkoQthI F/qDh se doik gfjbk s/ doik d{ik bJh ;zB 2012 ftu d' g[;seK
fbyD dk ;[Gkr w?~ gqkgs j'fJnk. w?I ftfdnkoEhnK d/ gZXo ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ e'fFF
ehsh j? fe ;w[u
Z / f;b/p; ~ ;ob, ;gZFN s/ nkw ;wMD :'r sohe/ Bkb jZb ehsk
ikt/. fJe sK ftfdnkoEh Xkofwe ftZfdnk ~ F"Ae Bkb gVQB,d{;ok Xkofwe
gqhfynk ftu ;\bsk gqkgs eoB bJh T[sFkjs j'D ns/ sh;ok r[owfs frnkB
gqsh ;gZFNsk th j't/.
fJj th ;ZukJh j? fe ni'e/ :[r
Z ftu tkd-fttkd s/ d[fpXk g?dk eoB
tkbh Bhsh Bkb'I ;w/I dh tZvh b'V j? fe f;Zy ftfdnkoEhnK ftu FoXk-GktBk,
f;de, f;woB, r[owfs frnkB, uzrh ftfdnk,uzr/ ;z;eko, ihtB-iku s/ f;Zy
j'D dk wkD g?dk ehsk ikt/. fJ; bJh nekdfwe ftfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb r[owfs
frnkB—fto;/ d/ tko; j'D dk fdqVQ ftFtk;, ;t? dk ftek;, nksw gqrk;
(gqekF) ns/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; g?dk eodk j?. fJ; fwFB ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ Xow gquko
ew/Nh ekoiFhb j?.
epiqda debjV \siuj fdhvj a[ siuj sPuj| s'hJ hg fplawJ sg
drdsbjiogbJ a[ Zjidqw bdZbjfwJ rv'G FifPi f+l.lj h'Hg m Vrk b{cgLV
sg f+wjLVj vHg q{G uo[sji braji dl>z ug@ f+ZjV L+'qSg epispbjij
f+W.Zw wq[Bg ba[ l! laWgi dl>z ug@ lw,ai~Ziq f+yji wq[Bg sj bda
Z.Vrjsg hJ m dHl s[ Vjv bqvj Zjidqw figdtbj drFje@ q{V[ui e'vcV
bjxl{B f+{Kl ba[ lqPh ldhI'eg epiqpt dfbjdibJ sj rg Z.Vrjsg hJ m
160-gqskg n?thfBT{, nzfwqs;o ;fseko ;fjs
w'pkH 098159-85559 vkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'rn
' kDh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(6) r[owfs frnkB
S/t/I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfor' f pz d ;kfjp ih
gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–
noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–
ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–
dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–
(GkJh r[ o dk; ih)
Gkt noE L
★
S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/ (;s, ;zsy
' , d:k, Xow, Xhoi d/
ghs/) s/ fJj p]fFF, gzi gho (;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nzrd
d/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih, ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih, ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih) s'I gqkgs j'Jh. j[D Smw gho—(S/tI/ ;fsr[o{ ;qh r[o{
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih) r[o Gkoh (tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/) whoh-ghoh
dhnK s/rK gfjB e/ r[osk rZdh T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./
★
fJj sK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ jh nkgDh ekfJnK (;oho) pdb
e/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk ;o{g XkoB eo fbnk.
★
j[D ;'YhnK dh ghVQh nZr/ s[o gJh s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB tko' tkoh nkgDk
o{g fdyktDr/ Gkt tZy-tZy ikfwnK ftu ebk toskT[Dr/.
★
u"Eh gzesh ftu GkJh r[odk; ih eEB eod/ jB fe S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dfbGziB (d[FwD d/ dbK ~ s'VB tkb/)
;{ow/, tZv/ :'X/ ns/ ;z;ko ~ ;Zu/ Xow dk T[gd/F d/D tkb/ wjkB
goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ jB.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (7)
;z y / g ihtB doFB—;q h r[ o { jfor' f pz d ;kfjp ih
wksk L— wksk rzrk ih
;zskB L—pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;{oi wZb ih, nDh okfJ ih, nNZb
okfJ ih, (;qh r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih (gzi ;g[s
Z o) ns/ phph tho' ih (;g[s
Z oh)
r[o{ ekb L—25 wJh 1606 JhH s'I 3 wkou 1644 JhH
e[b
Z T[wo L—48 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 15 fdB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(8) r[owfs frnkB
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb-nt;Ek s/ ftZfdnk L
gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fkdh 1579 JhH ~ fgzv wT[,
f}bQk ibzXo d/ tk;h ;qh feqFB uzd ih dh ;g[s
Z oh rzrk d/th ih Bkb j'Jh.
seohpB 15 ;kb phs rJ/, go nkg d/ xo ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh. nkg dk
tZvk GkJh fgqEh uzd fJj ;wMdk ;h fe r[o{ ih d/ xo e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI, fJ;
bJh w/ok g[s
Z o jh r[orZdh dk tko; j'tr
/ k. fgqEh uzd dh ;[gsBh phph eow'
B/ sK fJe fdB wksk rzrk ih ~ g[s
Z o Bk j'D dk w/jDk th wkfonk.
;zB 1595 ftu wkM/ d/ fJbke/ #u pj[s ;]s n"V ekoB ekb g? frnk.
gzuw gksFkj ih ekb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk bJh fgzv-fgzv gj[u
z oj/ ;B.
T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dk fBtk; nkgD/ gfotko ;w/s nzfwqs;o s'I bfjzd/ gk;/
S/ e[ whb dh ftZE #s/ S'N/ fij/ fgzv tvkbh fty/ ;h. nekb g[oy B/ fwjo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (9)
ehsh ns/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih dh nodk; g{oh j'Jh. fJZE/ jh ;qh (r[o){ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK dk gqekF ;EkB
j'D eoe/ j[D fJj fgzv r[o{ eh tvkbh eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?. gzuw
gksFkj ih B/ ;kfjp}kd/ d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu @@;fsr[o ;ku? dhnk G/fi##
Fpd T[uko e/ gowkswk dk F[eokBk ehsk. T[; ;w/I b'eK dh b'V ~ w[y
oZy e/ ;g[s
Z o d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu ;fsr[oK B/ S/ joNK tkbk y{j
brtkfJnk i' nZi fJe tZvk e;pk S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(10) r[owfs frnkB
fJ; s'I ;k~ fJj f;Zfynk fwbdh j? fe f;Zy B/ fe;/ th d/th-d/ts/ iK
epo-wVQh ~ BjhI wzBDk, ;r'I ;fsr[oK dh pkDh T[& g
Z o Go';k eoe/ f;woB
eoBk j?. n;hI fJe nekb d/ g[ikoh jK s/ r[opkDh s'I tZvk j'o e'Jh th g{ik
iK wzso BjhI j?.
gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih 30 wJh 1606 JhH ~ bkj"o fty/
ijKrho pkdFkj dh szr-fdbh s/ Xkofwe eZNVg[D/ eoe/ Fjhd j' rJ/.
gzuw gksFkj ih GftZy pko/ gfjbK jh ikD rJ/ ;B fe ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk
;wK nk fojk j?. bkj"o ~ ikD ;w/I nkg ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ r[osk
rZdh bJh Bh:s eo rJ/ ;B. fJ; d/ Bkb ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~
skehd th ehsh fe pdb oj/ ;w/I nB[;ko F;sqXkoh j' e/ ofjDk, feT[Ife
j[D fJ; xo Bkb s[oeK dh pD/rh BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ wfj;{; eo fbnk ;h
fe pr?o F;soK d/ f;Zy e"w dk puDk w[Feb j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (11)
ohsh nB[;ko ★ ;/bhQ -N'gh g/F ehsh sK S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ~
;fseko Bkb \[owkfJnk fe pkpk ih ! fJj t;sK j[D
[ s'F]
/ kB/ ftu ;KG
fdU ns/ ;k~ d;sko, ebrh s/ sbtko p]F'.
pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/ gq;B
z j' e/ d;sko ns/ ebrh d/ Bkb ;fsr[oK ~
whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBkJhnK. whoh s'I' Gkt ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftu
nrtkJh eoB tkbh @Fesh# bJh s/r ;h ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt nksfwe wzvb
dh nrtkJh eoB tkbh @Grsh bJh# s/r ;h. fJ;/ eoe/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih
~ whoh-ghoh d/ wkbe fejk iKdk j?. ;fsr[oK B/ d;sko th Fkjh mkm
tkbh ;ikJh ns/ r[osk rZdh t/b/ npd[b
Z k s/ BZE wZb d' YkvhnK B/ fJj
pho o; Gog{o tko rkfJB ehsh L
d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–
fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–
fJ;/ bJh fejk iKdk j? fe f;Zy e"w ftu Ykvh tkoK dk gqubs j'Dk
S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh p]fFF j?. fJj pjkdoh d/ o; dh tko ;[D e/ B"itkBK
d/ v"b/ coe/ s/ e"w ftu BtK i'F mkmK wkoB bZrk. fco ;fsr[oK B/ w;zdK
~ s/ T[jBK d/ okjhI ;zrsK ~ j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe nZr/ s'I pkeh G/NktK d/ Bkb
uzr/ x'V/ s/ F;so th fbnkfJnk eo' ns/ nkg th x'V-;tkoh s/ F;so
ubkT[D dh iku f;Zy.' T[; ;w/I ijKrho dk fJj th n?bkB ;h fe e'Jh th
nkgD/ p?mD bJh fBZih EVQk th d' c[N
Z s'I T[& u
Z k BjhI oZy ;edk. ;fsr[oK
B/ @;qh nekb s]s# dh ;EkgBk dk n?bkB ehsk. nodk; eoB T[gozs ;qh
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ s]s ;kfjp dh gfjbh fJZN nkgD/ gftZso eo-
ewbK Bkb oZyh. fJ; s]s ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ns/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;zgo
{ B
ehsk. fJ; dk t/otk r[ofpbk; gksFkjh S/thI ftu fJT[I doi j? L
fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–
fJ; T[& u
Z / s]s dk neko 14 c[N
Z bzpk, 8 c[N
Z u"Vk s/ 7 c[N
Z T[& u
Z k ;h.
S/tI/ ;fsr[oK ;w/I ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp f;o\ gZe/ EVQ/ d/ o{g ftu ;[Ff' Gs
fojk, fi; T[& g
Z o pkdFkjK tKr f;zxk;B ;ik e/, r[o{ ih d' sbtkoK gfjB
e/ ;h; T[& g
Z o ebrh, w'Y/ T[& g
Z o XB[F s/ shoK dk GZEk ;ik e/ ;zrsK ~
★
fJj T[B iK o/Fw dh r[d
z thI oZ;h i' ;zs-\eho N'gh iK ;k\/ T[g
Z o pzBd
Q / ;B.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(12) r[owfs frnkB
fBjkb eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;fsr[o{ nfXnksfwe T[gd/F fdzd/ ns/ ;zrsK dh
nrtkJh eod/ ;B. fJ;/ s]s #s/ ;i e/ b'eK d/ MrV/ fBp/Vd/, \?;bk
;[DkT[Id/ s/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh eod/ ;B. id'I fJE/ Ykvh pho o;h tkoK rkT[Id/
sK e"w ftu i'F Godk ;h. fJ; wo:kdk B/ f;Zy e"w ~ T[wkj p]fFnk.
gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd fiBQK f;ZyK T[& g
Z o fBokFk dk gqGkt
;h T[j uVQdh ebk tkb/ wjkB :'X/ pD rJ/. o'}kBk jh f;Zy pj[s T[sFkj
Bkb x'V,/ F;so ns/ itkBhnK G/N eod/. ;fsr[oK B/ u'Dt/I ptzik i'X/
nkgD/ Bkb oZy bJ/ i' f;o eZY itkB ;B s/ T[jBK Bkb \"i dk w[Y
Z pZM
frnk. T[jBK dh uVQs ~ t/yfdnK wkM/, wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ d/ gzi ;" B"itkB
;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu nk Fkwb j'J./ T[jBK B/ fJj th gqD ehsk fe T[j r[o{
xo d/ j[ew dh gkbDk eofdnK f;o-XV dh pk}h bk d/Dr/. ;fsr[oK B/
T[jBK ~ x'V/ s/ F;so fdZs./ fJ; soQK fJe :'fXnK dh \"i fsnko j' rJh.
;fsr[oK B/ fJe Brkok th fsnko eotkfJnk ns/ fBFkB th M[bkfJnk. fJj
;zs-f;gkjhnK dh \"i ;h. fit/I tZXdh skes ~ febQ/ dh b'V jzd
[ h j?, fJt/I
;fsr[oK B/ bzph thuko s'I pknd nzfwqs;o ftu fJe febQk pDkfJnk s/ fJ;
dk BK b'jrVQ oZfynk frnk. f;ZyK dk fJj gfjbk febQk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb
e"w d/ j";b/ j'o p[bd
z j'J/ s/ ;t? ftFtk; dh GktBk pbtkB j'Jh.
f;Zyh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih dh ;];hns dk toBD eofdnK fJj' ftuko fdZsk j? @Smw gho
p?mk r[o Gkoh.# Gkt S/tI/ gksFkj (Smw gho) tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/ jB. fe;/
ijKrho tor/ }kbw pkdFkj dh gqtkj BjhI, ;r'I d' s/rK gfjBhnK, s]s
f;ofink, j[ewBkw/ G/i,/ \"iK fsnko ehshnK, febQ/ pDkJ/, pho o;h
tkoK gqubs j'JhnK, e"w ~ F;soXkoh pDkfJnk, Brko/ yVe/, fBFkB
M{b/ s/ T[u/ s]s T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j' e/ f;Zy e"w dh nrtkJh ehsh. fJ;
dk w{b nXko eh ;h < S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/, @@;s-;zsy
' -d:k-
Xow-Xhoi## d/ ghs/ ns/ fJj p]fFF gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh ;h. fJ;/
~ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ gzi gho fejk j?.
(J) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih pzdh-S'V ;fsr[o{ fet/I ejkJ/ L
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih tZbI' ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk,
f;Zy \"i dh f;oiDk ns/ uVQdh ebk tkbh FkB' F"es ~ t/y e/ r[o-
{ xo
d/ d'yhnK B/ fJj ;kohnK rZbK ijKrho se tXk uVQk e/ g[i
Z dhnK ehshnK.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (13)
T[jBK fejk fe jfor'fpzd ih B/ \"i oZy bJh j?, Brko/ tikT[Id/ jB,
fBFkB M{bd/ jB, fFeko bJh uVQd/ jB, nkgD/ bJh s]s pDk fbnk
j? ns/ ;zrsK T[jBK ~ ;Zuk gksFkj efjzdhnK jB. fJj fJe fdB je{ws
bJh ]soBke ;kps j'Dr/.
w[rb
a pkdFkj fJjBK fsnkohnK s'I vo frnk. T[; B/ gfjbk ezw fJj
ehsk fe gzuw gksFkj ih ~ s;hj/ d/D tkb/ w[os}k ]kB ~ gzikp dk
Btkp Ekg fdZsk. T[; B/ ijKrho e'bI' ;fsr[oK dh frq\skoh d/ j[ew fbnk
e/ t}ho ]kB s/ r[u
z k p/r ~ r[o{ ih gk; G/fink fe T[j nkro/ g/F j'D. r[o{
ih B/ gqwy
Z[ f;ZyK Bkb ;bkj ehsh ns/ fszB e[ ;" ;{ow/ Bkb b? e/ soB
skoB, r'fJzdtkb, d[nkp/ s/ wkbt/ ftu dh j[d
z / j'J/ fdZbh g[i
Z ./ e[M ;wK
pkdFkj B/ T[jBK dk nkdo Gk ehsk ns/ T[jBK ~ g/o
q e/ nkgDk fwZso
pDkT[D dk :sB ehsk. T[; ~ fJj th :ehB j' frnk fe ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih dh Fjhdh B/ f;ZyK ~ s/ T[jBK d/ r[o{ ~ G?-Ghs eoB dh EK, ;r'I
db/o s/ fBoG? eo fdZsk j?. T[; B/ ;'funk fe f;ZyK ~ dpkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.
fJj xNBk 1609 JhH dh j? id ijKrho B/ r[o{ ih ~ Fkjh e?dh dh
j?;hns ftu 12 ;kb dh e?d dk j[ew ;[Dk e/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu G/i
fdZsk. rtkbhno fJe pdBkw febQk ;h. T[; ;w/I fJj rZb gqub
Z s ;h fe
fi; e?dh s'I S[Nekok gkT[Dk jzd
[ k ;h, T[; ~ rtkbhno pzdh pDk e/ G/i
fdZsk iKdk ;h. nepo pkdFkj B/ Fkjh e?dh fJE/ oZyD dh ohs s'oh ;h.
y[;o' dh w"s s'I pknd eJh okig{sK s/ gjkVh okfinK B/ ijKrho dh JhB
BjhI ;h wzBh ns/ prkts ehsh ;h. fJfsjk; ftu fJjBK dh frDsh 52
fbyh j?. fJjBK e?dhnK T[& g
Z o pj[s ;]sh ehsh iKdh ;h.
;zB 1628 ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fpp/eh f;zxK d/ fNeD bJh fiZE/ r[o{ ih
f;ZyK ~ T[gd/F eod/ jzd
[ / ;B, T[E/ fpp/e;o ;o'to fsnko eotkfJnk. ;qh
nzfwqs;o ;kfjp d/ gzi ;o'toK ftu'I d' ;o'to e"b;o s/ fpp/e;o S/tI/
gksFkj dh ih p]fFF Bkb fsnko j'J/ jB. fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t
ih B/ 1597 JhH ftu f}bQk r[odk;g[o fty/ jfor'fpzdg[o Bro t;kfJnk ;h.
pknd ftu uzd{ dh Fokos Bkb fJj fgzv GrtkB dk; x/oV ~ fwb frnk.
;zB 1630 ftu id S/tI/ gksFkj ih fJE/ nkJ/ sK fJE/ :[X
Z th j'fJnk. fJE/
;fsr[oK B/ w[;bwkB GoktK bJh fJe w;hs th pDtkJh. ;fsr[oK dh
F];hns ;zpX
z h GkJh r[odk; ih B/ @pv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh# fbfynk j?.
fJ; gqeko pj[ goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ ;w{j XowK dk ;fseko eofdnK
wB[y
Z sk ~ ihtB ihD dh iku f;ykJh.
(j) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ uko izr L
;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o
FkjijkB rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJ; Bt/I pkdFkj dh Bhsh r?o w[;bwkBK gqsh
uzrh BjhI ;h. ijKrho B/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb uzrh B/Vsk
ekfJw eo bJh ;h. T[; ~ r[o{ xo Bkb ehs/ nkgD/ gkgK dk nfj;k; th
}o{o ;h. ;zB 1612 s'I 1627 se FKswJh ;wK ;h. fJXo r[o{ xo dk fwFB
;Zu/ Xow dk gquko s/ g;ko eoBk ;h. Gkt/I ;fsr[oK gk; seVh \"i ;h,
go T[jBK feXo/ th izr ~ gfjb BjhI fdZsh.
;fsr[oK dh fJj gfjbh izr 1628 JhH ~ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fgZgbh
;kfjp d/ bkr/ w"id
{ k ]kb;k ekbi d/ ;EkB #s/ j'Jh. fJj :ZX
[ fszB fdB
jzd
[ k fojk. Fkjh \"i eJh r[Dk ;h, go fJXo f;Zyh f;de }[bw Bkb vZN
e/ i{fMnk. fJ; izr dk nzs Bk jzd
[ k t/y e/ w[]fb; ]K B/ nkjw' ;kjwD/
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z bJh ;fsr[oK ~ tzrkfonk. dfbGizB r[o ;{ow/ gksFkj B/
w[]fb; ]K ~ gfjbK tko eoB dk ;wK fdZsk, go T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk.
c/o ;fsr[oK B/ yzv/ Bkb n?;k tko ehsk fe w[]fb; ]K Yfj Y/oh j' frnk.
T[; dh w"s s'I pknd Fkjh \"i ~ GkiVK g? rJhnK. f;Zy \"iK dh fiZs j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ g?Id/ ]K nkfd :'fXnK B/ uzr/ eoko/ jZE
fdykJ/. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu w[rb
a K s/ f;ZyK ftueko fJj gfjbh izr ;h.
;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk ns/ Mpkb ik e/ phph tho' ih
d/ ftnkj dh wo:kdk fBGkJh.
;fsr[oK dh shih izr 1631 JhH ~ wkbt/ d/ fgzv wfjoki (wokM) fty/
j'Jh. r[o{ ih T[; fJbke/ ftu Xow gquko bJh rJ/ ;B fe ekpb s'I nkJ/
fJe w;zd B/ tkosk ;[DkJh fe T[j ;fsr[oK bJh fdbpkr s/ r[bpkr Bkw
d/ d' x'V/ ;zrsK tb'I G/N ehs/ fbnk fojk ;h. T[j x'V/ bkj"o d/ Btkp d/
efjD T[s/ \"idko bZbk p/r B/ y'j bJ/ jB. fJj d'tI/ x'V/ GkJh fpXh uzd
ih B/ fJe tko xkjh pD e/ s/ d{ih tko Bi{whnK pD e/ r[o-
{ xo w'V th
fbnKd/. T[Xo Fkjh dopko B/ nkgDh jZse ;wMh. ewo p/r s/ bZbk p/r
thj j}ko d/ brGr \"i b? e/ :[X
Z bJh nkJ/. wfjoki dh y[b
Z hQ i{j ftu
d'jK dbK dk Nkeok j'fJnk. gfjb/ fdB g{ok xw;kB dk :[X
Z j'fJnk s/
f;Zy f;gkjhnK d/ j"I;b/ g{o/ p[bd
z ;B. d{i/ fdB bZbk p/r B/ r[o{ ih ~
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ bZbk p/r ~ tko eoB dh gfjb
fdZsh. id T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk sK r[o{ ih B/ n?;k tko ehsk fe bZbk
p/r d/ Xosh T[& g
Z o fvZrD dh d/o ;h fe Fkjh \"i GZi yb'sh. f;Zy \"iK dh
\sfj j'Jh s/ ;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk. fco Fjhd f;ZyK
dk ;;eko ehsk frnk ns/ w[;bwkBK dhnK d/jK ~ dcBkfJnk frnk. fiZE/
fJj izr j'Jh T[E/ r[o{ ih B/ fJe ;o'to @r[o{ ;o# pDtkfJnk i' BEkB/ fgzv
d/ gk; j?.
;fsr[oK dh u"Eh izr 1634 JhH ~ eoskog[o (ibzXo) fty/ j'Jh. r[o{
ih wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ #u Xow gquko eod/ 1632 ftu eoskog[o nk rJ/. shih
izr dk jkb ;[D e/ pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy d{oI' -d{oI' ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB nk
oj/ ;B. ;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu gmkD th B"eo ;B, fijBK ftu g?Id/ ]K th
;h. r[o{ ih B/ fJ; ~ ohM Bkb gkfbnk ;h, go fJj ibdh jh jzekoh j'
frnk. fco fJ; ~ \"i ftZuI' eZY fdZsk frnk. b'e w[jktok j?, @jzekfonk
;' wkfonk.# fJj Bwe jokwh g?Id/ ]K ibzXo d/ \"idko okjhI bkj"o d/
;{pd
/ ko ~ fwb e/ ekb/ ]K dh ewkB j/m tZvh \"i ukVQ fbnkfJnk. fJj
ekb/ ]K T[; w[]fb; ]K dk Gok ;h i' nzfwqs;o dh izr ftu ;fsr[oK jZEI'
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z ftu wkfonk frnk ;h. T[Xo s[oe sB]kjdko ;h s/ fJXo f;Zy
f;gkjh ;t? n}kdh s/ nDy bJh w?dkB/ izr ftu f;de Bkb i{M oj/ ;B.
fJ;/ izr ftu ;fsr[oK d/ s/oK ;kbK d/ ;g[s
Z o s/r wZb ih B/ s/r d/ uzr/ i"jo
ftykJ/ s/ T[jBK ~ r[o{ fgsk ih s'I s/r pjkdo dk fyskp fwfbnk. fJ; izr
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (19)
ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ th seVh nrtkJh ehsh. id
ekb/ ]K s/ n;wkB ]K fJ; izr ftu wko/ rJ/ sK g?Id/ ]K B/ ;fsr[oK ~ nkjw'
;kjwD/ bVkJh bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ T[; ~ th gfjbK tko eoB
dh gfjb fdZsh. T[; B/ jzeko ftu fszB tko ehs/, go id ;fsr[oK B/ tko
ehsk sK g?Id/ ]K Xosh T[& g
Z o Y/oh j' frnk. goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ T[; ~
Ykb dh SK eoe/ fejk, g?Id/ ]K ! ][dk ~ :kd eo b?. g?Id/ ]K dk jzeko
N[N
Z frnk s/ efjzdk, ;Zu/ gksFkj ! s[;hI jh w/o/ ][dk j'. g?Id/ ]K ~ Y/oh
j'fJnk d/y e/ Fkjh ;?Bk d/ jko/ f;gkjh w?dkB SZv e/ BZ; rJ/. eoskog[o
dh izr \sfj j'Jh. ;fsr[oK B/ Fjhd f;ZyK dk ;;eko ehsk ns/ eoskog[o
dh ;zGkb eoe/ ehosg[o ;kfjp tZb otkBk j' rJ/. fJ; soQk ;fsr[oK B/
uko izrK bVhnK ns/ jo tkoh T[jBK dh fiZs j'Jh.
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu 1606 JhH ~ r[osk
rZdh T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./ fJj nkg ih d/ gquko dk jh ewkb ;h fe gzuw
gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh. d{ik
gZy fJj th j? fe ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I pknd S/tI/ gksFkj ih f;Zyh d/
gquko bJh gzikp s'I pkjo d{o-d{o se rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih T[so ftu eFwho
se ns/ g{op ftu ghbhGhs d/ bkr/ BkBe ws/ se rJ/. ;w/I d/ jkewK d/
dZp/ s/ fbskV/ b'e r[o{ ih d/ gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ XVk XV f;Zyh XkoB
eod/ s/ p/ns
z fjzd{ s/ w[;bwkB f;Zy pD rJ/.
S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb i' th ;pzfXs ;EkB
;B, T[jBK dh :ksok ehsh. T[E/ :kdrkoK th pDkJhnK ns/ fJjBK
r[od[nkfonK ftu pekfJdk g{ik gkm eoB d/ gqpX
z th gZe/ ehs/.
;zB 1612 ftu nkg rtkbhno s'I pzdh okfinK ~ w[es eok e/ o;s/
ftu gquko eod/ nzfwqs;o gXko/ ;B. seohpB 1627 JhH se 15 ;kb dk
;wK FKswJh fojk. r[o{ ih wkM/ ftu f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh rJ/. fJE/ jh uZp/
fgzv dh ;[by
Z Dh BK dh n"os B/ ;fsr[oK gk;'I ;zskB dh dks wzrh ;h. fJ;
d/ xo ;Zs g[s
Z oK B/ iBw fbnk, fijBK B/ ;w/I-;w/I r[o{ xo ftu oZi e/
;/tk ehsh. wkM/ d/ fgzvK ftu Xow gquko eod/ r[o{ ih d[nkp/ d/ fJbke/ ftu
rJ/. nkg B/ w[y
Z fNekDk eoskog[o ;kfjp oZfynk. fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(20) r[owfs frnkB
tjhoK xZs e/ doFBK bJh nkJhnK. ;fsr[oK d/ d?th ;o{g s'I gqGkts j' e/
e[M gmkD th f;Zy \"i ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. fJ; soQK wkM/ s/ d[nkp/ ftu f;Zyh
gqc[Zbs j'Jh.
e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ ;fsr[o{ bkj"o d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. T[E/
gquko d/ Bkb-Bkb ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ gqekF n;EkB u{Bk wzvh bkj"o
dh T[;koh eotkJh. fJE/ ;/tk ;zGkb s/ gquko bJh e[M f;ZyK ~ Bh:s ehsk.
fco nzfwqs;o gos e/ eFwho tZb otkBk j'J./ T[EI' ;zrsK ~ skod/
f;nkbe'N rJ/. fJj ftdtkBK dk Ffjo eoe/ gqf;ZX ;h. fJE/ jh ;fsr[oK
gEohbh Xosh ftu B/}k wko e/ ib eZfYnk s/ fJE/ pknd ftu ;o'to
pDkfJnk frnk. fco ;fsr[o{ ;qhBro g[i
Z / s/ fJE/ fpoX wksk Gkr Goh B/
;fsr[oK ~ u'bk G/N ehsk. fJE/ ;zrsK ftu Gkoh T[sFkj ;h s/ ;zrsK pj[s
FoXk Bkb G/NktK b? e/ jk}o j[d
z hnK. fco eFwho ftu r[o{ ih B/ fszB
wjhB/ d/ eohp mfjokT[ ehsk. fJ; s'I pknd r[ioks o;s/ nkT[IfdnK
\eho Fkj d"bk Bkb tkosk j'Jh sK T[; B/ ;tkb ehsk ;h L
g[s
Z o eh s/ t?okr eh <
r[ioks s'I uZb e/ r[o{ ih jkf\}kpkd rJ/ ns/ fJE/ ;zrsK B/ ;fsr[oK
d/ w[yI' ig[ ih ;kfjp d/ noE ;otD ehs/. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih B/ Xow gqukoeK
~ uouk eoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh fe fgnko ;fseko Bkb r'FNh eoe/ f;ZNk
eZYhdk j?. nkgDh fiZd eoe/ yzvB jh eoh ikDk e'Jh f;nkDg BjhI jzd
[ h.
jkf\}kpkd dhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/; fdzd/ ;fsr[o,{ bkj"o d/ okjhI nzfwqs;o
gj[u
z rJ/.
e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ Xow gquko eod/ j'J/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe wsk
gj[u
z ./ fJE/ i'rhnK d/ Gow d{o ehs/. fJE/ pkpk nbw;s ih f;Zyh dk gquko
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (21)
eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;zrsK doFB eoe/ pj[s fBjkb j'JhnK. r[o{ ih tkg;h ;w/I
po/bh, jfod[nko, foyhe/F ns/ j'o nB/eK ghoK-\ehoK Bkb Xow thukoK
eod/ wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. wkbt/ ftu fgzv vo'bh fty/ nkg dk ;KY{
GkJh ;kJhI dk; ofjzdk ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ wkbt/ ftu seVk gquko ehsk. e[M
;wK wkbt/ ftu fpsk e/ id ;fsr[o{ nzfwqs;o nkJ/ sK fJe fdB dhtkB
bZrk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe e'Jh f;Zy ig[ ih ;kfjp dk F[X
Z gkm
;[Dkt/. GkJh r[gkbk ih B/ pVh ;zd
[ o b?n ftu F[X
Z gkm ehsk. r[o{ ih B/
GkJh r[gkbk ih dh T[wr
z s'I ][F j' e/ fJe x'Vk p]F fdZsk. fJ; s'I g/o
q Bk
th fwbdh j? fe F[X
Z gkm eoBk ;fsr[o{ dh p]fFF dk gkso pDBk j?. wB'I
wzrhnK w[okdK g{ohnK jzd
[ hnK jB.
fJ;/ soQK fJe tko S/tI/ gksFkj ih ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;g[s
Z o
pkpk ;qh uzd ih ~ fwbD fgzv pkom fty/ rJ/. fJj ;EkB gmkBe'N d/
B}dhe j?. fJE/ nkg B/ tZvk ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh uzd ih ~ ;"Ig
fdZsk. fJ; soQK T[dk;h wZs r[o-
{ xo Bkb jh i[V frnk s/ T[dk;hnK B/ th
f;Zyh gquko bJh pj[s :'rdkB gkfJnk.
;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd FkjijkB
dh Bhsh r[o{ xo d/ fto[X
Z jh ojh. ;zB 1628 s'I 1634 d/ dofwnkB r[o{ ih
~ uko Xow :[X
Z eoB/ gJ/ s/ fiZs ;fsr[oK dh j'Jh. ;zB 1634 ftu r[o{ ih
gZe/ o{g ftu gfotko ;w/s ehosg[o ;kfjp nk t;/ ns/ nzs se J/E/ jh oj/.
fJE'I ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko nkozfGnk s/ r[owfs gquko bJh eJh EkJhI
T[dk;h f;ZyK ~ th f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh G/fink. fJj gqukoe f;Zyh dh fwFkb
b? e/ EK-EK gj[u
z ./ fi; eoe/ fpjko, pzrkb, nk;kw se f;Zy Xow uzrk
;Ekgs j' frnk. Xow gquko bJh pkpk fpXh uzd ih ~ pzrkb ftu G/fink.
nzs 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(22) r[owfs frnkB
jfookfJ ih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
;zrsK pj[s jh t?okr ftu ;B. ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ih B/ ;GBK ~ Xhoi
fdZsk. ;fsr[oK dh d/j dk ;;eko ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;sb[i d/ ezY/
ehsk frnk. T[; n;EkB dk BK r[od[nkok gskbg[oh ;kfjp gqf;ZX j?.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkg ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ fgzv tvkbh, f}bQk nzfwqs;o
fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw wksk rzrk ih ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t
ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L S/joNk ;kfjp dk eh fJfsjk; j? <
T[& s
Z o L gzuw gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ ;g[s
Z o jfor'fpzd ih d/ gqekF dh ][Fh
ftu, fJbke/ dh gkDh dh b'V ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ S/ joNK tkbk y{j
brtkfJnk, i' j[D S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (23)
ekoi feBQK B/ ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk ekoi pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/
ehsk.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J<
/
T[& s
Z o L gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 1606 JhH ftu ;qh jfor'fpzd
;kfjp 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J./
gqFB 6 L whoh-ghoh s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L whoh s'I Gkt Fesh ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt Grsh j?. ;fsr[oK B/ whoh s/
ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBhnK. fJe ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftu nrtkJh
bJh s/ d{ih nksfwe wzvb dh nrtkJh eoB tkbh.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ pzdh S'V ;fsr[o{ feT[I fejk iKdk
j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ 1612 JhH ftu rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftZuI' nkgD/ Bkb 52
e?dh okfinK ~ fojkn eotkfJnk ;h. fJ; bJh r[o{ ih ~ pzdh S'V
;fsr[o{ fejk iKdk j?.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ fezB/ Xow :[X
Z ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ 1628 s'I 1634 JhH d/ d"okB uko Xow :[X
Z ehs/ ns/ u"jK
izrK ftu ;fsr[oK dh \sfj j'Jh.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh ;zskB pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ gzi ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh nDh okfJ ih, pkpk
nNZb okfJ ih, ;qh (r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih, ;qh ;{oi wZb ih ns/ fJe
;g[s
Z oh phph tho' ih ;h.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ nZrI' r[fonkJh feBQK ~ p]fFF
ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~, i' pkpk r[ofdZsk ih d/
;g[s
Z o ;B, T[jBK ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh. ;fsr[o{ 3 wkou 1644
JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(24) r[owfs frnkB
;Z s t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih
;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih
p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–
gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'
fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–
(eth ;z s ' y f;z x ih)
Gkt noE L
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih s]s #s/ p?m/ F'G oj/ jB, feT[Ife ;Zu/
gksFkj ih dh gdth T[BKQ ~ jh pD nkT[Idh j?—Gkt T[BKQ dk
p?mDk jh :'r j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (25)
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih
wksk L—fBjkb e"o ih
r[o{ ekb L—3 wkou 1644 JhH s'I 6 nes{po 1661 JhH
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(26) r[owfs frnkB
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk nkozfGe ihtB, gfotko s/ r[osk rZdh
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B. nkg dk gqekF wksk fBjkb e"o ih dh e[y
Z I' 16
iBtoh 1630 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk. nkg dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk
s/ f;ybkJh whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/y
ftu j'Jh. Xkofwe ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb ;fsr[oK B/ F;so ftZfdnk th
f;ykJh. pkb T[wo s'I jh nkg ih ;kX{ ;[Gkn s/ dfJnk Gog{o fjod/ tkb/
;B. ;ohoe s"o #s/ pbtkB ns/ ;{ophoK tkb/ r[D th oZyd/ ;B. whoh ghoh
d/ wkbe ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~ pj[s fgnko eod/ ;B.
fJfsjk;e B}ohJ/ s'I d/yhJ/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ g{oh
T[wo fJ; f;Zfynk T[& g
Z o gfjok fdZsk. S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ihtB dk gqGkt
fJjBK T[& g
Z o pj[s ;h. T[jBK dk Xow gquko dk Yzr, f;woB, Fpd
thuko, ;zrsK Bkb r'FNh, F;soK dk ;fseko s/ ;w/I-;w/I ;kX{ wjkswk
d/ puB fpbk; nkfd ubd/ ofjzd/ ;B. rZb eh ehosg[o ;kfjp dk wkj"b
jh Xow d/ ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h.
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fszB ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, pkpk
nNZb okfJ ih s/ ;qh nDh okfJ ih T[jBK d/ ihtB ekb ftu jh i'sh i's
;wk rJ/ ;B. ;qh ;{oi wZb ih dk M[ekn d[BhnKdkoh #u f}nkdk ;h s/ ;qh
s/r pjkdo ih fsnkrh ;[Gkn d/ ;B. S/tI/ gksFkj ih r[o
Z sk rZdh bJh ;G
s'I :'r nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh jfookfJ ih ~ ;wMd/ ;B. Gkt/I jfo okfJ ih dk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (27)
tZvk Gok Xho wZb ;h, go ;fsr[o{ T[jd/ bZSDK ~ t/y e/ d{ik fgqEhnk
efjzd/ ;B s/ fJj rZb ;Zu j'J
' h. fJ; dhnK ukbK r[o{ xo d/ fto'X ftu
ojhnK. r[osk rZdh pj[s tZvh f}zwt
/ koh ;h. fJ; bJh ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ nkgD/ g'so/
jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;"Ig fdZsh. T[; ;w/I ;qh r[o{
jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 14 ;kbK d/ eohp ;h. r[fonkJh dh wo:kdk
pkpk p[Y
Z k ih d/ ;g[s
Z o GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.
r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'D ;w/I id ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/
;zrsK ~ T[gd/F fdZsk sK ;G fJj' efj oj/ ;B fe fJjBK ftu dkdk r[o{
tkbh Grsh, Fesh, frnkB s/ gftZsosk T[;/ soQK j?. j[D BkBe i's,
;Zst/I ikw/ ftu ebk tosk ojh ;h. ;fsr[o{ gfjo oks ofjzdh ikrd/,
fJFBkB eoe/ gqG{ pzdrh eod/, ;zrs ftu r[opkDh dk ikg s/ nk;k eh
tko dk ehosB jzd
[ k. ;fsr[o{ ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk; eod/ s/ nodk;
T[gozs bzro gqFkdk Sfenk iKdk.
;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih gk; 2200 x'V-;tko ;h. nkg ;zs f;gkjh
;B, go nwB s/ nkg;h GkJhuko/ dh Bhsh T[& g
Z o ubD bJh fdqVQ ;B.
;fsr[o{ i/eo fFeko bJh th iKd/ sK fe;/ ikBto ~ wkoB Bkb'I T[; ~
ihT{Idk geVBk ;fsr[oK dk F"Ie ;h. T[jBK B/ nB/eK fe;w d/ ikBto
geV e/ tkV/ ftu SZv fdZs/ ns/ fJe oZy pDk fdZsh. d{o-d{o s'I b'e fJj
e"se d/yD bJh nkT[Id/ s/ j?okB th jzd
[ ./
;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 17 ;kb ;h id 1647 JhH ~ nkg
dk ftnkj, T[so gqd;
/ d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk okw ih dh ;g[s
Z oh ;qh feqFB
e"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ xo ;qh okw okfJ ns/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ih
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(28) r[owfs frnkB
d' ;g[s
Z oK B/ iBw fbnk.
j[D phs/ eJh ;kbK s'I ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ f;Zyh dh xkVs xVh ik
ojh ;h s/ Xow gquko j' fojk ;h. T[; ~ ;Ekgs eoBk s/ nZrI' gk;ko eoBk
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh tZvh f}zwt
/ koh pD rJh ;h. fJ; bJh nkgD/
r[osk ekb d"okB ;fsr[oK B/ jo gZyI' f;Zyh d/ gquko dk ekoi ;zGkfbnk.
(n) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tZbI' f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's L
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk iZ; ;G gk;/ ;{oi dhnK feoBK tKr
c?b fojk ;h. T[jBK d/ dopko dh FkB th fBokbh ;h. nkg ih raohpK s/
b'VtzdK dh ;/tk ;zGkb tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdzd/ ;B. id ;zrsK doFBK
bJh nkT[IdhnK sK T[jBK ~ g[S
Z d/ fe s[;hI bzro ubkT[Id/ j' s/ tzv e/ Sed/
j'.
;zB 1646 ftu gzikp ftu ekb g? frnk. whIj Bk g?D eoe/ gzikp dk
p[ok jkb ;h. FkjijkB B/ fiE/ Fkjh ]}kB/ ftZuI' e[M bzro y[b
Z t
Q kJ/, T[E/
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ekb ghVQsK dh pj[s wdd ehsh. tZy-tZy
;{fpnK ftu ;[yh tZ;d/ f;ZyK B/ th ;fsr[oK d/ ]ikB/ ftu fdb y'bQ e/ fjZ;k
gkfJnk. fJj nkgD/ nkg ftu Xow dk gquko ;h, feT[Ife e'Jh th Xow sd
tXdk c[bdk j?, id T[j b'VtzdK dh jo gZyI' wdd eoB d/ :'r j't./ f;Zy
Xow tb'I ehs/ b'e GbkJh d/ ezwK B/ b'eK dk wB ;dk jh fiZfsnk j?.
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ihtB ftu'I Xow gquko dk fJe j'o
wip{s gZy ;h fe fiE/ T[j GNedh b'ekJh ~ Bkw o{gh dko{ Bkb no'r
eod/ ;B, T[E/ sB d/ o'rhnK dh szdo[;sh bJh T[jBK B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp
fty/ dtk]kBk y'fbQnk. fJE/ pj[s jh ehwsh s/ d[obZG dtkJhnK wzrk e/
oZyhnK. e'Jh th o'rh fe;/ th ;w/I nk ikt/, T[; ~ w[\s dtkJh fwbdh ;h.
f;Zy Xow d/ gk;ko bJh fJj rZb tZvk noE oZydh ;h. ;fsr[oK dk fJj
dtk]kBk J/Bk gqf;ZX j' frnk fe pj[s d{oI' -d{oI' b'e dtkJh b?D nkfJnk
eod/ ;B.
fJ;/ soQK fJe tkoh FkjijkB dk g[s
Z o dkok fFe'j pj[s phwko j'
frnk. Fkjh jehwK B/ ftF/F tiB dk b"Ir, joV s/ riw'sh, dtkJh bJh
fbnkT[D tk;s/ fejk. fJj ;G t;sK ;fsr[oK d/ dtk]kB/ ftu ;B. fJe
gk;/ FkjijkB B/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I r[o{ xo Bkb g{oh NZeo bJh ;h,
go r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;opZs dk Gbk j?. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih B/ dtkJh
bJh b'VhIdhnK ;G t;sK nkgD/ dtk]kB/ ftu'I d/ fdZshnK s/ dkok fFe'j
szdo[;s j' frnk. FkjijkB ~ nkgDh rbsh dk nfj;k; j'fJnk s/ dkok
fFe'j B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp gj[u
z e/ ;fsr[oK dk XzBtkd ehsk.
id'I 1658 JhH ftu FkjijkB d/ g[s
Z oK dofwnkB fdZbh d/ s]s bJh
bVkJh tX rJh sK r[o{ ih B/ dkok fFe'j dh fpnk; d/ ezY/ n"or
z }
a p
/ dh
\"i ~ o'e e/ wdd ehsh. id n"or
z }
a p
/ nkgD/ fgsk ~ e?d eoe/ s/ GoktK
~ wko w[ek e/ pkdFkj pD frnk sK T[; B/ s]s #s/ p?mD s'I pknd ibdh
jh ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk G/fink. r[o{ ih
nkg sK Bk rJ/, go nkgD/ tZv/ g[s
Z o ;qh okw okfJ ~ fdZbh G/i fdZsk.
;fsr[oK B/ jdkfJs th ehsh fe i' rZb g[S
Z h ikt/ ;jh-;jh T[so d/Dk j?.
T[IM ;qh okw okfJ pj[s jk}o itkp ;B. n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ ;qh okw okfJ s'I f;Zy
Xow pko/ eJh ;tkb g[S
Z / sK T[jBK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh ftukoXkok
nB[;ko Y[et/I itkp fdZs./ fJe fdB n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ r[opkDh ftu'I @fwNh
w[;bwkB eh g/V? gJh e[fwnko# d/ noE g[S
Z / sK okw okfJ r[o{ nkF/ s'I fEVe
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(30) r[owfs frnkB
frnk. T[; B/ efj fdZsk fe fwNh w[;bwkB eh Fpd BjhI, ;r'I fwNh
p/JhwkB eh j?. fJ; rZb dk id ;fsr[oK ~ gsk bZrk sK nkg B/ \[owkfJnk
fe nZi s'I okw okfJ ;kv/ wZE/ th Bk bZr./ r[o{ ih B/ r[opkDh dh gzesh ~
pdbD tkbh rZb ;fjD Bk ehsh. fJ; s'I pknd okw okfJ B/ eJh jZEezv/
tos/ s/ bkj"o d/ jkewK se r[osk rZdh gqkgs eoB bJh gjzu
[ th ehsh.
n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ d{B dk fJbkek T[; ~ ikrho ti'I d/ fdZsk. w[y
Z o{g ftu
n"or
z }
a p
/ , okw okfJ ~ nkgD/ tZ; eoe/ r[o{ xo ~ d' ckV eoBk ukjzd
[ k
;h. nfij/ ;w/I ftu ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko ftu yV's BjhI nkT[D fdZsh,
;r'I f;Zy Xow d{o d{o se c?fbnk. ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zy
f;XKsK dh wip{sh bJh nkgD/ tZv/ g[s
Z o ~ fsnkr fdZsk.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 16 iBtoh 1630 JhH ~
ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;' <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (31)
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dh wksk ih dk Bkw, wksk fBjkb e"o ns/ fgsk dk Bkw
pkpk r[ofdZsk ih ;h.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh fezBKQ
dh fBrokBh j/m j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh whoh-
ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb
eh foFsk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B. foFs/ ftu S/tI/ gksFkj, ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ
;kfjp ih d/ dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou
1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;"Ig
fdZsh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 14 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[osk rZdh dh wo:kdk fezBKQ B/
fBGkJh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[fonkJh dh wo:kdk pkpk p[Y
Z k ih
d/ ;g[s
Z o GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ftnkj s/ ;zskB pko/ dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj 1647 JhH ~ T[so gqd;
/ d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk
okw ih dh ;g[s
Z oh ;qh feqFB e"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ rqfj fty/
;qh okw okfJ s/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ih d' ;g[s
Z oK iBw fbnk.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zy Xow d/ gquko bJh eh-eh :sB
ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ fiZE/ nkg d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk, T[E/ Xow
gquko bJh e[M fNekD/ p]fFFK d/ o{g ftu ;Ekgs ehs/. fJj ;[Eo/
Fkjh p]fFF, Grs GrtkBhJ/ ns/ ;zrs ;kfjphJ/ p]fFF Bkb ikD/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(32) r[owfs frnkB
iKd/ ;B.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ehosg[o fty/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh
eh gqpX
z ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ dtk]kBk
y'fbQnk. fJE/ fpBK fe;/ G/d Gkt d/ jo fJe ~ w[\s dtkJh
fwbdh ;h.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ nZrI' r[osk rZdh fezBKQ ~ p]fFF
ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[s
Z o ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[osk rZdh bJh
Bh:s ehsk ns/ r[o{ ih 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (33)
nZ m t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfofeq F B ;kfjp ih
;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–
d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–
;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–
fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–
(eth ;z s ' y f;z x ih)
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih irs d/ r[o{ pD rJ/. fJj rZb d/FK
ftd/FK ftu gqrN j' rJh. r[o{ ih ;G s'I T[& s
Z w s]s (r[o{ BkBe xo dh
rZdh) T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./ fijBK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[y
Z d{o j'
iKd/ jB.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(34) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { jfofeq F B ;kfjp ih
r[o{ ekb L—6 nes{po 1661 JhH s'I 30 wkou 1664 JhH
wjkB ekoi (T[ g eko) L
n"or
z }/p tor/ ubke pkdFkj dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk ns/ T[;
~ doFB d/D s'I fJBekoh j' e/ f;Zyh f;XKsK ~ ekfJw oZfynk. SZi{ MhT{o
s'I rhsk d/ noE eotk e/ eow eKvh jzekoh gzfvs dk jzeko d{o ehsk.
nkgD/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh bJh wjkB u'D ehsh. fdZbh fty/ u/ue ghVsK
dh ;/tk eofdnK, d[BhnK d/ d[y
Z d{o eofdnK nkgD/ gqkD fsnkr/.
e[b
Z T[wo L—7 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 23 fdB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (35)
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[Y
Z bk ihtB, r[osk rZdh s/
;wekbh jkbks L
f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpK ftZuI' nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;G
s'I S'Nh T[wo d/ j'J/ jB. f;Zy Xow ftu T[wo S'Nh iK tZvh eoe/ r[o{ o[spk
BjhI, ;r'I r[o{ i's d/ gqekF dk BkT[I r[o{ j?. fJ; bJh Gkt/I nZmt/I gksFkj
ih dh ;z;koh T[wo S'Nh ;h, go r[o{ i's dh Fesh eoe/ ezw tZv/ jB. ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ GrT[sh ih eh tko dh gfjbh gT[Vh oufdnK T[;
ftu gfjb/ B"I r[o{ ;kfjpkB ih dh wfjwk toBD ehsh j?. nZmt/I gksFkj
ih dh wfjwk fJT[I fpnkB ehsh j? L
;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–
shi/ pqkjwD c/o jZEezv/ tos e/ ;wki ftu nkgDk n;o o;{y ekfJw
eoBk ukjzd
[ / ;B. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fpgotkd dk i{bk ;wki d/ rb'I tZvh gZXo
#s/ bkj fdZsk ;h. fJj th w"e/ dh skV ftu ;B. nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I
dh fJe xNBk j? i' g'Lq ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbyh j?. @@fJe fdB ;qh r[o{
jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih gkbeh ftu ;tko j' e/ pkjo ;?o ~ ik oj/ ;B.
pqkjwDK dk f;ykfJnk fJe e'jVk pqkjwD gkbeh d/ nZr/ nk b/fNnk s/ o'r
ok}h eokT[D bJh sob/ eoB bZrk.
pqkjwDK d/ i{b/ j/mI' eZYh j'Jh raohp iBsk ~ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[; ikb
ftu c;D BjhI ;h d/Dk. nkg B/ nkgD/ jZE w{j
z g{M
z D tkbk o[wkb T[; ~
d/ e/ nkfrnk ehsh fe fJj o[wkb nkgD/ fgzv/ #s/ c/fonk eo s/ nodk;
efonk eo. r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;G e[M j?. e'jVh ok}h j' frnk. fJj
ukb pqkjwDK ~ g[m
Z h gJh. r[o{ xo dh F'Gk ;r'I tXD bZr gJh.##
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (37)
(n) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dh fdZbh c/oh, n"or
z }/p dh Bhsh s/
i'sh i's L
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokB
n"or
z }/p ;h. T[j pj[s eZNV w[;bwkB ;h. T[; B/ 1660 JhH ftu ;Zst/I
gksFkj ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk xZfbnk ;h. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh
n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h fJj okfJ ;h L
#Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.#
fJE'I ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih EB/;o, e[oy/so, gkBhgs s'I jzd
[ /
j'J/ ;zrsK ;w/s fdZbh g[i
Z ./ ;fsr[oK B/ okik i? f;zx d/ wfjb ftu T[skok
ehsk. fJE/ j[D r[od[nkok @pzrbk ;kfjp# j?. okik i? f;zx dh okDh B/
;fsr[oK d/ doFBK dh fJZSk th gqrN ehsh, go Bkb fe;/ Gow nXhB
gqhfynk th eoBh ukjh. T[; B/ j'o nwho xokfDnK dhnK n"osK ~ Bkb
b? fbnk s/ wB ftu Xkfonk fe i/ eo r[o{ ih ;Zu/ j'Dr/ sK w/oh gfjukD
eoBr/. ;fsr[oK B/ fJeZm ftu okDh ~ gfjukD fbnk s/ T[; dh FoXk j'o
th gZeh j'Jh.
fdZbh fty/ ftF/F xNBk tkgoh fe ;fsr[oK B/ n"or
z }/p ~ doFB d/D
s'I BKj eo fdZsh. fJj e'Jh S'Nh fijh xNBk BjhI ;h. fiZE/ ;w/I d/ pkdFkj
d/ doFBK ~ b'e sob/ b?Id/ ;B T[E/ r[o{ gksFkj ih B/ fwbD s'I th
fJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ pkdFkj ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB bJh T[vhe eodk
fojk. T[Ii n"or
z }/p gk; ehosg[o s'I b? e/ fdZbh se gj[u
z D dhnK ;kohnK
]poK gj[u
z rJhnK ;B. T[; B/ ;fsr[oK d/ nksfwe frnkB pko/ th ikD
fbnk ;h. fJ;/ bJh T[; B/ okw okfJ dk gZy BjhI fbnk s/ T[; ~ v/jokd{B
d/ fJbke/ ftu ikrho sK gZeh eo fdZsh, go T[; d/ r[o{ pDB tkbh
jwkfJs BjhI ehsh. T[; B/ d/y fbnk fe f;Zy ;zrsK dh FoXk fe; gk;/
j?. fJ; bJh ;fsr[oK dh nksfwe Fesh dk fJj gZy ftukoB tkbk j? fe
T[jBK B/ n"or
z }/p tor/ ubke dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk.
id ;fsr[o{ ih fdZbh gjzu
[ / ;B sK T[E/ u/ue dh phwkoh c?bh j'Jh ;h.
u/ue S{s dh phwkoh j?. fJ; Bkb s/} skg uVQ e/ ;oho ftu ;]s ghVk
jzd
[ h j?. ;oho T[& g
Z o Skb/ j' iKd/ jB. r[o{ ih fdZbh gj[u
z fdnK jh d[yhnK
raohpK dh ;jkfJsk eoB bZr gJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh Xow
wo:kdk ~ ekfJw oZyfdnK o'r ghVs fJbkfenK ftu ik e/ jo gZyI' wdd
ehsh. fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK T[& g
Z o th u/ue dk jZbk j' frnk. okik i? f;zx B/
pkjo iwBk d/ ezY/ fJe y[b
Z /Q ;EkB T[& g
Z o ;fsr[oK d/ fNekD/ dk gqpX
z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (39)
eotk fdZsk. ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ nkgDk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK
B/V/ ikD e/ e'b p?mhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/F ehsk fe @pkpk pekb/ j?.# fJ;
s'I Gkt ;h fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh ;zGkbD tkb/ wjK g[oy fgzv pekb/
ftu jB. fwsh 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih fdZbh fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ ;fsr[oK d/ gzi G{se ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnk
T[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp# ;[Ff' Gs j?. fJ;/ ~ GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/
ekft o{g ftu fJT[I fbfynk j? L
jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–
fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH ~ ehosg[o
;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh wksk dk Bkw wksk feqFB e"o ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ
;kfjp ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 6 nes{po
1661 JhH ~ ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpX
z h ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh wfjwk fpnkB eofdnK d;w/F fgsk ih B/ Gr"sh eh tko
dh gfjbh gT[Vh ftu fbfynk j?, @;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(40) r[owfs frnkB
;fG d[y ikfJ.#
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih pko/ eth ;zsy
' f;zx ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L eth ;zsy
' f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih ;G s'I T[& s
Z w s]s
T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ ns/ fiBQK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[y
Z d{o j'
iKd/ jB.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpX
z h GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih
;kohnK f;nkDgK s/ fwjoK d/ Gzvko jB.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokB
e"D ;h <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ n"or
z }/p j[ewokB ;h.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h r[o{ fgsk ih dh
eh nkfrnk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h fJj okfJ ;h, @Bfj wb/S e'
doFB d? j?I.#
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ fe; gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ gziy
' o/ fty/ SZi{ MhT{o gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih i'sh i's ed'I s/ feZE/ ;wkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ T[BKQ
d/ ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp, ;[Ff' Gs
j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (41)
B" t / I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih
fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–
;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–
;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–
Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–
;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–
(pfuZsq BkNe)
Gkt noE L
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(42) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih
r[o{ ekb L—30 wkou 1664 JhH s'I 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH
wjkB ekoi (goT[ g eko) L
f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh gzikp s/ g{oph Gkos dk d"ok ehsk. @@G? ekj{ eT[
d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkB## d/ f;XKs #s/ gfjok fdzd/ j'J,/ fjzd{ Xow s/
;GBK bJh Xkofwe n}kdh fjs nkgDk pbhdkB d/ e/ ;wki ~ fBoG?
pDkfJnk. nkg ih dh T[ukoB ehsh pkDh ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ftu doi j?.
e[b
Z T[wo L—54 ;kb 7 wjhB/ 10 fdB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (43)
(T) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nkozGe ihtB s/ r[fonkJh L
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/
;G s'I S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ ;B. nkg dk gqekF 1 ng?b
q 1621 JhH ~ wksk BkBeh
ih dh e[y
Z I' ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ r[o{ e/ wfjbK ftu j'fJnk. j[D fJj ;EkB r[o{
p}ko ftu r[od[nkok r[o{ e/ wfjb eoe/ ikfDnK iKdk j?. nkg d/ fgsk
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 1630 JhH se nzfwqs;o oj/ ns/ fco T[j
gfotko ;w/s eoskog[o (f}bQk ibzXo) ub/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; gqeko r[o{ s/ra
pjkdo ih dh T[wo d/ gfjb/ 9 ;kb ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ jh phs/. nkg ih
pugB s'I jh ;zs ;o{g, pj[s rzGho s/ T[& u
Z h fposh d/ wkbe ;B. nkg ih
dh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh. nkg ~
r[opkDh s/ Xow rzE
q K dh ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb F;soK dh tos'I s/ x'V-
;tkoh nkfd dh f;ybkJh eotkJh rJh.
;qh (r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj eoskog[o fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzd
ih dh ;g[s
Z oh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' ;zB
1666 ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF j'fJnk.
id 1634 JhH ftu eoskog[o fty/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh u"Eh izr j'Jh
sK fJ; izr ftu ;qh (r[o){ s/ra pjkdo ih B/ s/ra d/ seV/ jZE ftykJ/ ns/
nkgD/ nkg ~ s/ra dk XBh ;kps ehsk. T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo 14 ;kb
d/ eohp ;h.
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. T[; s'I pknd i' r[o{ fgsk j[ew eo rJ/ ;B, ;qh s/r
pjkdo ih nkgDh wksk BkBeh ih s/ ;[gsBh ;qh r[ioh ih ;w/s pekb/ nk
e/ ofjD bZr gJ/. pekbk Bro wksk BkBeh ih d/ g/e/ ;B s/ s/r pjkdo
ih dk BkBek fgzv ;h. fJE/ nkg ;XkoB fij/ wekB ftu ofjzd/ ns/ tZX
s'I tZX ;wK Bkw f;woB ftu bhB ofjzd/ ;B. ihtB pj[s ;kdk, gftZso
s/ Grsh GktBk tkbk r[ikod/ ;B. fJE/ GiB pzdrh ftu 20 ;kb phs rJ/.
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's
;wk rJ/. i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK ;zrsK ~ fJj puB eo rJ/ fe T[jBK
d/ fgZSI' r[fonkJh dh f}w/tkoh T[jBK d/ pkpk i' pekbk fty/ fBtk;
eod/ jB, T[ j fBGkT[ D r/ . nZ m t/ I gksFkj ih d/ puB ;B, @pkpk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(44) r[owfs frnkB
pekb/ j? # . foFs/ ftu th ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih, nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/
dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B. gzikph ftu @pkpk# Fpd dkd/ bJh th ne;o tofsnk
iKdk j?.
;w/I-;w/I nekb dh ebk tosdh j?. fJ; rZb ~ fJe ;kb phs frnk
fe wkou 1665 ftu wZyD Fkj b[pkDk BkT[I dk fJe FoXkb{ gzi ;" w'joK
dh eko G/Nk b? e/ pekbk fty/ g[i
Z k. T[j J/B/ r[o{ pD/ t/y e/ go/FkB j'
frnk. T[; B/ nodk; ehsh fe ;Zu/ gksFkj ih ! s[;hI nkg jh w?~ d[fpXk
ftu'I eZY.' GkJh wZyD Fkj jo fJe nZr/ d'-d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/eh frnk.
pkJh wzihnK tkb/ nZi eZbQ d/ d/jXkoh gkyzvhnK tKr{z ][F j'-j' e/ n;h;K
d/Jh rJ/. T[; ~ s;Zbh feXo'I th Bk j'Jh. T[; B/ fe;/ FoXkb{ s'I g[fZ Snk
fe j'o th ;'Yh fJE/ j?. T[; Gb/ g[oF B/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;qh s/ra pjkdo
ih dh dZ; gkJh. GkJh wZyD Fkj B/ id d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk sK
;fsr[o{ w[;eok e/ efjD bZr,/ fJj d' w'joK feT[I < r[o{ dh nwkBs fdZsh
jh uzrh j[d
z h j?. GkJh wZyD Fkj ih B/ gzi ;" w'joK r[o{ uoBK #s/ Xo e/ wZEk
N/fenk. fco T[; B/ e'm/ uVQ e/ gZbk c/fonk ns/ T[& u
Z h-T[& u
Z h g[ekoB bZrk,
r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/HHHHHH.
fJ; soQK pkJh wzihnK tkb/ gkyzvhnK dk gki th T[xV frnk s/ ;Zu/
r[o{ gqrN j' rJ/. f;Zy ;zrsK ~ pj[s ][Fh j'Jh s/ jzw
[ j[wk e/ ;zrsK pekbk
fty/ gj[u
z hnK. fJ; soQK 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih d/ g'so/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih B/ ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. r[o{ ih B/ r[osk
rZdh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;zGkbh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 44 ;kb ;h.
(n) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nBzdg[o t;kT[Dk s/ Xow gquko L
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih d/ r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB jzf[ dnK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (45)
jh gkyzvh r[o{ xo' xoh ub/ rJ/. Xho wZb B/ e[M w;zdK ~ Bkb b? e/ r[o{
ih T[& g
Z o jwbk ehsk. T[j f;Zy ;zrsK tZbI' p[oh soQK fcNekfonk frnk.
;fsr[oK B/ fco th T[; ~ w[nk\ eo fdZsk. e[M ;wK pkpk pekbk fty/ ofjD
T[gozs r[o{ ih soB skoB, yv{o ;kfjp s/ r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp dh :ksok
eoe/ ;qh nzfwqs;o gZi
[ ./ ;qh nekb s]s d/ gk; fiE/ j[D r[od[nkok EVQk
;kfjp j?, fJE/ fJe p/oh EZb/ nk fpoki/. fJE'I id ;fsr[o{ ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp d/ doFBK ~ rJ/ sK Jhoyk dh nZr ftu ib oj/ g[ikohnK B/ dotk}/
pzd eo fdZs./ r[o{ ih pkjo'I jh doFB eoe/ tkg; ub/ rJ/. fJE'I uZb e/
;fsr[o{ uko whb d/ ck;b/ #s/ @tZbk# fgzv g[i
Z ./ id'I nzfwqs;o dhnK ;zrsK
~ gsk bZrk sK ;zrsK tjhoK xZs e/ g[i
Z hnK. nzfwqs;o d/ g[ikohnK tZbI' ehs/
wkV/ ftjko bJh w[nk\h th wzrh. ;fsr[o{ nfs gq;B
z j'J./ fiE/ ;fsr[o{
fpoki/ ;B,fJE/ tZbk fgzv ftu r[od[nkok dwdwk ;kfjp j?.
r[o{ ih B/ wkM/ ftu r[o n;EkBK dh :ksok eoB s'I pknd ehosg[o
ikD dk \?;bk ehsk. ehosg[o ;kfjp th XhowZbhnK d/ jwkfJshnK dk
tshok mhe BjhI ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzv
wky'tkb dh }whB w[b
Z b? e/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ nBzdg[o dh BhIj oZyh.
fJ; Bro dk gfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I
#s/ oZfynk ;h, i' pknd ftu nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ BK Bkb gqf;ZX j'fJnk.
fJj ;EkB ehosg[o ;kfjp s'I gzi e[ whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. E'V/ wjhfBnK ftu
jh fJj Bro tZ; frnk.
fi; gqeko pZdb nB/e ;EkBK #s/ pkoF eoe/ sgd/ ;z;ko ~ mzY
gkT[Id/ jB, T[;/ soQK goT[gekoh ;fsr[oK B/ bzpk GqwD eoe/ nksfwe
T[gd/FK Bkb ;z;ko ~ skfonk. ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih B/ ;qh nBzdg[o
;kfjp s'I Xow gquko bJh bzph :ksok ehsh. e[M T[x/ f;Zy th Bkb rJ/.
fJ; :ksok dk fJe ekoB sK f;Zy ;zrsK Bkb w/b i'b eoBk ;h, feT[Ife
gfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I nZmt/I gksFkj ih se f;Zy ;zrsK pj[s d{o-d{o se
;Ekgs j' u[e
Z hnK ;B. d{;ok n"or
z }/p dhnK rabs BhshnK eoe/ e[M b'e
eFN MZb oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ iE/pd
z eoBk s/ d[y
Z sebh\K dk jZb eoBk
th }o{oh ;h. r[o{ ih gfotko ns/ w[yh f;ZyK ;w/s ehosg[o s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ wkbt/
ftu nkJ/. fJE/ nB/e b'e ;yh ;oto d/ th T[gkFe ;B. T[jBK ~ fJe gqG{
d/ Bkw f;woB dk T[gd/F fdZsk. ;kp' eh sbtzvh s'I XwXkD Bro GkJh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(46) r[owfs frnkB
whjK ih ~ fJbke/ dk gqukoe fB:[es ehsk. ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk;
eod/, f;Zyh fdqVQ eotkT[Id/, ;fsr[o{ ih e[oy/so s/ EB/;o rJ/. fJE/ nkg
ih dh :kd ftu fJfsjk;e r[od[nko/ jB. fJE'I r[o{ ih iwBk gko eoe/
:{HghH gj[u
z ./ fJE/ ;fs;zr jzd
[ k fojk. fJE/ nB/eK b'eK ~ swke{ ghD s'I
tofink ns/ fJ; dhnK p[fonkJhnK s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk. fJE'I wEok s/
nkro/ s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ fsqtD
/ h (gqkr) gj[u
z ./ T[; s'I nZr/ eKFh dh ;zrs B/ pj[s
jh g/w
q Bkb ;/tk ehsh. fJE/ ;fsr[oK dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp j?. nZr/
;;okw s'I j[d
z / j'J/ r:k gj[u
z ./ fJE'I Xow dk T[gd/F eod/ ;fsr[o{ gNBk
nkJ/. gNB/ ftu ;zrs B/ ;fsr[oK d/ fBtk; bJh wekB pDtkfJnk. fJE/
j[D ;qh jfowzdo gNBk ;kfjp j? i' gziK s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?. ;fsr[oK
B/ e[M ;wK gNBk fty/ fBtk; ehsk. ;fs;zrs jzd
[ k fojk s/ fco gfotko
~ fJZE/ SZv e/ r[o{ ih B/ nk;kw s/ pzrkb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (47)
(J) n"or
z }/p dk nZfsnkuko s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih gk; eFwhoh
gzvsK dh g[eko L
w[rb
a pkdFkjK ftu'I n"or
z }/p pj[s ubke s/ BhshtkB ;h. T[; B/
1658 JhH s'I b? e/ 1707 JhH se oki ehsk. fJ; ;w/I d"okB Gkos ftu jo
gk;/ nFKsh jh ojh. fJ; B/ Xow dh nkV j/m okiBhse s"o #s/ pj[s jh
}[bw ehs/. s]s jfEnkT[D bJh nkgD/ d' Gok dkok s/ w[okd ~ wotk
fdZsk ns/ fJe Gok F[ikj ~ d/F fBekbk d/ fdZsk. o"FB nkok G?D ~
jbek-jbek }fjo d/ e/ wko w[ekfJnk. nkgD/ fgsk FkjijkB ~ e?d
eoe/ oZfynk, fiZE/ T[j e?d ftu jh 1666 JhH ~ c"s j' frnk. nkgD/ ehs/
j'J/ gkgK dh ekby X'D bJh n"or
z }/p nkgD/ nkg ~ fJ;bkw dk okyk th
}kjo eodk fojk. nfij/ }kbw j[ewokB d/ jzf[ dnK r?o w[;bwkB fet/I
uzrk ihtB ihn ;ed/ ;B.
w[rb
a je{ws pj[s G?Vh okiBhsh dh fFeko j' rJh ;h. n"or
z }/p B/
w[;bwkB ;{\h \ehoK ~ th BjhI p]fFnk. fjzd{ Xow T[& s
Z / g{oh ;]sh F[o{
j' rJh. T[jBK d/ g[okD/ wzdo s/ gkmFkbK Ykj e/ w;fidK ftu spdhb
ehsk frnk. ;ko/ T[& s
Z oh s/ g{oph Gkos ftu n"or
z }/p d/ j[ew Bkb ;]sh
dh bfjo ubkJh rJh. fjzdn
{ K T[& g
Z o i}hnk brkfJnk frnk. T[jBK d/
Xkofwe w/fbnK T[& g
Z o gkpzdhnK bk fdZshnK. T[jBK ~ ;oekoh B"eohnK
s'I eZfYnk ikD bZfrnk.
T[Xo fjzd{ e"w d/ nkr{ sK pqkjwD ;B ns/ iK F;sqXkoh okig{s
yZsoh ;B. yZsoh b'e w[rb
a K dk jZE m'ek pD e/ T[bNk fjzdn
{ K T[& g
Z o jh
}[bw eoB bZr gJ/ ns/ pqkjwD b'e nBgVQ fjzd{ iBsk ~ c'eN eow
eKvK s/ GowK d/ ikb ftu c;k e/ fJjBK ~ o'Nh o'}h dk nXko ;wM oj/
;B. fJjBK jkbsK ftu fjzd{ ;wki nkr{ jhD pD u[e
Z k ;h.
@@G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkfB## fJj ;b'e ;qh r[o{ s/r
pjkdo ih dk ofunk j?. Gkt fe;/ ~ vo d/Dk th BjhI s/ fe;/ dk vo wzBDk
th BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ ;jkok d/ e/ n;b ftu fJ; ;b'e
dh jh ftnkfynk eo fdZsh. r[o{ ih dk nB[Gt ;h fe pbhdkB fdZs/ s'I pr?o
fJ; w[rb
a je{ws d/ }[bw ~ o'fenk th BjhI ik ;edk. i/ eo b'eK d/
fdbK ftu'I w"s dk vo d{o j'tr
/ k sK jh T[j uzrk ihtB ihn ;eDr/. fJ;
soQK r[o{ ih B/ n"or
z }/p d/ }[bw ~ tzrkfonk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (49)
(;) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh L
eFwhoh gzfvsK B/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk \[owkD eFwho gj[u
z
e/ ;{p/ ~ fJzi jh ;[Dk fdZsk. id fJj ;koh rZb n"or
z }/p se gjzu
[ h sK T[;
B/ j[ew ehsk fe r[o{ s/r pjkdo ~ frq\sko eoe/ fdZbh fbnKdk ikt/.
fJj ;[D e/ ;fsr[oK ~ Fjhd eoB bJh j[ew ikoh j'fJnk. w[rb
a
jkewK tZbI' b'eK ftu je{ws dk vo g?dk eoB bJh fdZbh ftu fJ; dh
w[Bkdh eotkJh rJh. fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu t/yD tkfbnK dh pj[s
GhV ;h. fJ; ftu fjzd,{ w[;bwkB s/ f;Zy th ;B. fGnkBe w"s dk voktk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(50) r[owfs frnkB
d/D bJh r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ gfjbK GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk
frnk. fco GkJh ;sh dk; ih ~ fiT{Id/ ihn o{z ftu bg/N e/, nZr bk e/
;kfVnk frnk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r
ftu fpmk e/ T[pkfbnk frnk. r[o{ ih d/ fszB fgnko/ f;Zy nkgDk f;Zyh
f;de fBGkT[Id/ Fjhd j' rJ/.
fszBK f;ZyK dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 11 Btzpo 1675, fdB thotko ;h,
id fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk fJe iZbkd B/
sbtko Bkb XV s'I ;h; tZy eo fdZsk. fJ; ;EkB #s/ j[D r[od[nkok @;h;
rzi# ;kfjp j?. ;fsr[oK d/ f;de nZr/ w[rb
a K dk }[bw jko frnk. fJ;/
;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @;h; dhnk go
f;oo B dhnk#.
fJj e[opkBh fsbe izR{ dh okyh bJh ;h. r[o{ xo ftu fJ; ~ Bk e'Jh
gfjBdk ;h s/ Bk ftFtk; ;h. go jo/e ~ nkgD/ Xow nB[;ko ihtB ihD
dk jZe d/Dk s/ fdtkT[Dk r[o{ BkBe xo dk Xow ;h. fJ; dh rtkjh ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ftu fJT[I g/F ehsh j? L
fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–
id fJj tZvk ;kek tkgfonk sK uKdBh u"Ie ftu b'eK dh tZvh GhV
;h. fJ; nd[s
Z h Fjhdh ~ d/y e/ jkjkeko wZu rJh. fJ; ;w/I GkJh i?sk ih
B/ pj[s jh u[;sh Bkb, jkewK s'I nZy pukn e/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; T[mk
fbnk. fJj :'Xk fdZbh s'I tkj' dkjh ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp tZb uZb fgnk.
fdZbh s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp d' e[ ;" whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. fJ; ;{ow/ B/ }kbw
je{ws dh gotkj BjhI ehsh s/ fdB oks uZbdk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih se
gj[u
z frnk. r[o{ ih B/ GkJh i?sk ih ~ rb Bkb bkfJnk ns/ fgnko Bkb
puB ej/, @ozxo/N/ r[o e/ p/N./ # (fJj' GkJh i?sk ih nzfwqs Se e/ ihT{D
f;zx pD/ s/ uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J./ ) fiE/ B"tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ;h;
dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[od[nkok ;h; rzi
;kfjp j?.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk gqekF 1 ng?b
q 1621 JhH ~, r[o{ e/ wfjb nzfwqs;o fty/
j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk BK dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw BkBeh ih ns/ fgsk S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj ed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj eoskog[o (ibzXo) fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzd ih
dh ;g[s
Z oh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe ed'I s/ fezBKQ B/
bkfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih
d/ g'so/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ bkfJnk.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ fejVk Bro ed'I t;kfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzv
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(52) r[owfs frnkB
wky'tkb dh }whB b? e/ @nBzdg[o# dh BhIj oZyh. fJ; Bro dk
gfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I #s/
oZfynk ;h.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ gk; eFwhoh gzfvs ed'I s/ feT[I nkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih gk; eFwhoh gzfvs wJh 1675 JhH ~ nBzdg[o ;kfjp nkJ/,
feT[Ife n"or
z }/p d/ j[ew Bkb T[jBK ~ ipohI w[;bwkB pDkfJnk
ik fojk ;h. T[j nkgDh oZfynk bJh nkJ/ ;B.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ed'I s/ feZE/ j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh Fjhdh 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie fty/
j'Jh. fJe iZbkd B/ sbtko Bkb r[o{ ih dk XV s'I ;h; tZy eo
fdZsk.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ Bkb fdZbh fty/ j'o fejV/ f;ZyK ~ Fjhd
ehsk frnk <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk frnk, GkJh ;sh dk; ih
~ nZr ftu ;kfVnk frnk ns/ GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdh
d/r ftu T[pkba e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L B"tI/ gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ nkgDh
nksw eEk pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–# fJ; s'I f;tk j'o th pj[s Fpd jB.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh Bkb ;pzfXs fejV/-
fejV/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp jB <
T[& s
Z o L fiZE/ ;fsr[oK dh Fjhdh j'Jh T[E/ fdZbh fty/ r[od[nkok @;h; rzi#
;kfjp j?. nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[o{ ih d/ ;h; dk ;;eko j'fJnk,
T[j r[od[nkok th @;h; rzi# d/ BkT[I Bkb ikfDnk iKdk j?. fiZE/
;fsr[oK d/ ;oho dk ;;eko j'fJnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @oekp rzi#
;kfjp fdZbh fty/ j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (53)
d;t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { r' f pz d f;z x ih
Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
(GkJh Bz d bkb ih)
fJj gzrshnK GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh ouBk jB. GkJh Bzd bkb ih
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ dopkoh ethnK ftZuI' wjkB eth ;B. nkg dk
iBw 1633 JhH ~, r}Bh fty/ ;qh SZi{ okw yZsoh d/ xo j'fJnk. d;w
gksFkj ih dh F];hns ;zpX
z h GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh g[;se @s";h\' ;Bk#
ftZuI' fJj e[M e[ gzrshnK jB.
Gkt noE L
★
fijBK dk e'Jh nk;ok BjhI, T[jBK dh wdd eoB tkb/ ns/ fi;
dh nekb g[oy tZbI' wdd j'Jh—T[j ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjkoki
jB.
★
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih uzrh soQK nekb g[oy d/ ikD{ ns/ wjkokfinK
d/ wjkokik jB.
★
;Zu/ gow/Fo ~ ;wMD tkb/ ns/ pkdFkjh s/ \ehoh d/ t/; ftu ofjD
tkb/ jB—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih.
★
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih jo ekoi d/ eoB dk pb oZyD tkb/ ns/
nBkEK d/ ;jkfJe jB.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(54) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { r' f pz d f;z x ih
r[o{ ekb L—11 Btzpo 1675 JhH s'I 7 nes{po 1708 JhH
wjkB ekoi (goT[ g eko) L
f;Zy e"w ~ ;dk uVQdh ebk ftu ftuoB s/ ;Zu bJh e[opkB j'D dh
iku f;ykJh. T{u Bhu s/ iks gks dh tzv ~ ;dhth ]sw eoe/ 1699 JhH
~ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp dh dwdwh phV fsnko
eotk e/ r[o rZdh p]Fh ns/ F];h r[fonkJh ]sw eo fdZsh. f;Zy gzE s/
f;Zy f;XKsK bJh ;opz; se e[opkB eo fdZsk. ipo s/ }[bw d/ ]ksw/ bJh
fizB/ th Xow :[X
Z ehs/ ;GBK ftu \sfj gkJh.
e[b
Z T[wo L—41 ;kb 9 wjhB/ 17 fdB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (55)
(T) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek, r[fonkJh s/ gfotko L
d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ekft o{g
ftu fbyh j?. fJ; dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[u
Z nkg dk ihtB tfuZso
s/ n;uoi j?. ;fsr[oK dk ihtB T[jBK tZbI' T[uko/ Fpd dh jh ftnkfynk
j? L
w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–
d;t/I ikw/ ftu r[o{ BkBe i's dk gqskg s/ r[o{ ebk tosdh t/y e/
;z;ko j?okB ofj frnk.
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ wksk r[ioh
ih dh e[y
Z I' , B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ rqfj fty/ gNBk ;kfjp
fty/ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j? L
sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–
r[o{ ih d/ B{okBh u/jo/ s'I pkb nt;Ek ftu jh pj[s b'e gqGkts ;B.
gNB/ dk gzfvs fFt dZs s/ nk; gk; d/ eJh w[;bwkB nkg d/ FoXkb{ ;B.
fJ;/ soQK gNBk fBtk;h okik \sfj uzd w?Dh s/ T[; dh okDh r[o{ ih ~ pj[s
fgnko eod/ ;B. oki/ d/ xo g[s
Z o BjhI ;h s/ r[o{ ih okDh ~ wK nky e/
g[s
Z o fgnko fiskT[Id/ ;B. r[o{ ih d/ fsnkr dh fposh sK T[; ;w/I jh gqrN
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(56) r[owfs frnkB
j' rJh ;h, id pugB ftu nkg B/ ;'B/ d/ eV/ rzrk ftu trkj wko/ ;B.
fJE/ r[od[nkok r'fpzd xkN j?.
T[Xo ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih nk;kw, pzrkb s'I Xow gquko :ksok s'I
tkg; gos e/ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwb/. fco nkg nBzdg[o
;kfjp nk rJ/. E'VkQ ;wK pknd B"tI/ gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk
;kfjp s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp p[bk fbnk. fJj' jtkbk nkgDh nksw eEk
pfuZsq BkNe ftu r[o{ ih B/ fJ; soQK fdZsk j? L
wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–
ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ;qh nBzdg[o s'I fdZbh tZb ~ ubD ;w/I ;zrsK
~ j[ew eo rJ/ ;B fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[orZdh dh f}zwt
/ koh r'fpzd okfJ
ih ;zGkbDr/. T[Xo n"or
z }/p d/ ipo ~ tzrkod/ j'J,/ ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo
ih 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu Fjhdh gk rJ/. ;fsr[oK
dh Fjhdh s'I pknd pkpk p[Y
Z k ih dh nzF ftZuI' pkpk okw ezto ih B/ ebrh
firQk (firQk=f;o dk rfjDk) ;ik e/ s/ ;qh ;kfjp gfjBk e/ r'fpzd okfJ
ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. fJ; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo B"I ;kb
d/ eohp ;h. fJ; s'I pknd ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ns/ e"wh
T[;koh bJh Bt/I ekoi T[bhe/. ;fsr[oK gk; gfjb/ B"I gksFkjK d/ ihtB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (57)
\b;\/ dk tvw[b
Z k ]}kBk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ s]s #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j[fz dnK jh
uVQdh ebk d/ puB ehs/. B"tI/ gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;zrsK
ftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh, ;r'I fBvo s/ uVQdh ebk tkb/ pDkfJnk.
;zrsK d/ Bkw j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe F;so s/ seV/ i[nkB G/Nk eoB.
T[; ;w/I r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ fszB tZvhnK skesK Bkb NZeo ;h. fJe
sK n"or
z }/p pkdFkj eZNV s/ }kbw ;h, d{;ok r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,
Xho wZbhJ/, okwokJhJ/ s/ T[jBK d/ e[M rzw
[ okj ehs/ b'e ;B. sh;ok T[u
}kshJ/ gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ r[o{ xo d/ ;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/
fBZih s/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[X
Z ;wMd/ ;B. fJjBK fszB FeshnK Bkb i{M
e/ f;Zy e"w dh fBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyDk e'Jh ;"yk ekoi BjhI ;h.
;fsr[oK B/ }kbw pkdFkj dk G?n b'e wBK s'I d{o eofdnK fejk fe i/
eo n"or
z }/p x'fVnK #s/ uVQB dh wBkjh eodk j? sK w?I Fkj ;tko
pDktKrk. oDihs Brkok th yVe/rk. fBFkB th M{bDr/. M{bd/ fBFkB
s/ Brkok—n}kd oki d/ fuzBQ wzB/ iKd/ ;B. w[rb
a pkdFkj tZbI' okr dh
wBkjh ;h, go nBzdg[o ;kfjp okr ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pfDnK. d;w
gksFkj ih nkg fwqdr
z , i'Vh, f;ozdk pj[s ;zd
[ o tikT[Id/ ;B. ftdtkB
ethnK tZbI' eth dopko ;Zid/.
i/ eo r[o{ ih d/ gfotko pko/ ikDhJ/ sK ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj bkj"o
fBtk;h ;qh jfoi; dh ;g[s
Z oh phph ihs' ih Bkb 1677 JhH ftu r[o{ e/ bkj"o
fty/ j'fJnk. seohpB ;Zs ;kb phs rJ/, go fJjBK d/ ;zskB BjhI j'Jh.
fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK dk d{ik ftnkj th bkj"o fBtk;h ;qh okw FoB dh ;g[s
Z oh
phph ;zd
[ oh ih Bkb 1684 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' ;kfjp}kdk nihs
f;zx dk iBw 1686 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fco fszB ;kfjp}kfdnK dk iBw wksk
ihs' ih dh e[y
Z I' j'fJnk. ;kfjp}kdk i[Mko f;zx ih dk iBw 1689 JhH,
;kfjp}kdk i'okto f;zx ih dk 1696 JhH ns/ ;kfjp}kdk \sfj f;zx ih
dk iBw 1698 JhH ~ j'fJnk. wksk ;kfjp e"o ih Bkb ;fsr[oK dh Fkdh
sK j'Jh, go T[jBK dh M'bh ]kb;k gzE gkfJnk. fJ; ftnkj dk foFsk
;z;koe foFfsnK tkbk BjhI ;h, ;r'I nfXnksfwe ;h.
r[o{ ih B/ okik w/dBh gqekF dh p/Bsh wzB e/ 1685 JhH ftu nkgD/
gqtko ns/ gzi ;" ;tkoK ;w/s nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I BkjD ~ e{u ehsk. r[o{
ih ehosg[o s/ o'gV s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ BkjD g[i
Z ./ w/dBh gqekF B/ pj[s g/w
q Bkb
;[nkrs ehsk.
;fsr[o{ fJe fdB okik w/dBh gqekF Bkb fFeko y/v oj/ ;B. iwBk
d/ feBko/ pj[s ;[d
z o ns/ owDhe EK d/y e/ oki/ B/ r[o{ ih ~ p/Bsh ehsh
fe fit/I ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp t;kfJnk ;h, fJ; soQK
s[;hI th w/o/ fJbke/ ftu e'Jh Bro t;kT[. fJ; Bkb nkg ih d/ fJE/ uoB
gkT[D dh g/w
q Goh :kdrko oj/rh.
oki/ dh p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ r[o{ ih B/ 1685 JhH ftu gkT[IN/ dh BhIj
oZyh. fJE/ w/dBh gqekF dh goik ns/ f;ZyK B/ ob e/ iwBk d/ T[ob/ feBko/
fJe eZuk febQk fsnko ehsk. fJ; s'I fgZSI' j'o fJwkosK pDhnK ns/ uzrh
o"De j' rJh. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fJj th jtkbk
fdZsk j?, @;jo gkT[INk eh ;[fX bJh.# gkT[INk BkT[I oZyD ;zpX
z h th fJ; soQK
d/ ftuko jB fe @gkT[I# Gkt @uoB# fNekJ/. fJj gkT[I fNekJ/ s'I gkT[INk
Fpd j'Id ftu nkfJnk. fJE/ r[o{ ih brGr ;kY/ uko ;kb d/ eohp oj/.
fJ; ;w/I dofwnkB ;fsr[oK B/ ;kfjs ouBk tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdZsk. d;w
gksFkj ih fJj wfj;{; eod/ ;B fe ;wki dh r[b
a kw wkBf;esk ~
pdbD dh b'V j?. fe;/ ;wki d/ ;[Gkn s/ o[uhnK ~ pdbD bJh ;kfjs
jh tZvh G{fwek fBGk ;edk j?. fJE/ ;fs;zr s/ ehosB sK d'BI' ;w/I jzd
[ k
jh ;h, fJ; d/ Bkb gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ eth dopko th F[o{ j'J./ ;fsr[oK
B/ d/F d/ wjkB ethnK ~ nkgD/ dopko ftu ;Zd e/ g[oksB Xow rzE
q K dk
nB[tkd th eotkfJnk. fJjBK ethnK dh frDsh ptzik ;h. r[o{ ih nkg
wjkB eth ;B. T[jBK dhnK nfXnksfwe s/ ;kfjse ouBktK dk tZyok
jh ;EkB j?. gqH' ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ikg[ ;kfjp, ;tZJhJ/ s/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (59)
nekb T[;sfs nkfde pkDhnK d;w gksFkj ih B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/
jh ouhnK. ;z;koh ethnK dh goy T[jh eo ;edk j? i' nkg ethnK f;o
eth j't./ ;fsr[oK torh ekft ebk dk Bw{Bk fjzd;
[ skBh ekft ebk ftu
feXo/ th BjhI j?. SzdK dh ukb, T[ukoB Yzr, pho o;h o{g nkfd ;G dk
fBnkok jh ozr j?.
Xow gquko d/ ezw ftu fJe j'o BthI o{j GoB bJh ;fsr[oK B/ e[M
f;Zy ftdtkBK ~ pBko; G/fink fe s[;hI ;z;feqs d/ wkjo ftdtkB pD'.
pBko; ofj e/ T[jBK eJh ;kb ;z;feqs gVQh. fJjBK ftdtkBK ~ fBowb/
fejk frnk. f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ g;ko ftu fJjBK fBowb/ ;kX{nK B/ pj[s
:'rdkB gkfJnk. fJjBK B/ ;kfjs ouBk th ehsh ns/ g[oksB ;kfjs dk
T[bEk th ehsk. fJ; Bkb b'e wBK ftu'I pqkjwD dh toD tzv tkbh Bhsh
tkbk ikb j'o th N[N
Z frnk, feT[Ife ;z;feqs T[& g
Z o pqkjwDK dk jh
gqGkt ;h.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(60) r[owfs frnkB
(J) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk L
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk e/tb Gkos jh
BjhI, ;r'I ftFt d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJe fBnkok e"se ;h. ;fsr[oK d/
;kjwD/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih s'I b? e/ B"tI/ gksFkj se f;oi/ wB[y
Z
~ ;zgo
{ B o{g d/D dk wjkB ekoi ;h. T[j g{oB wB[y
Z fi; d/ wB ftu ;dk
eosko dh :kd, ;Zu bJh i{MD dk ukn, oZp d/ pzfdnK Bkb jwdodh,
d[FNK dk BkF eoB bJh s/ra ns/ UN fJe nekb dh j't./
r[o{ ih c/o bj{ fbZpVh sbtko b? e/ szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ fJe j'o
;h; dh wzr ehsh. fJ; soQK tkoh-tkoh fdZbh d/ Xow dk; ih, irBBkE
d/ fjzws okfJ ih, d[nkoek d/ w'jew uzd ih ns/ fpdo fBtk;h GkJh
;kfjp uzd ih B/ nkgD/ ;h; G/IN ehs/. ;fsr[o{ ;GBK ~ tkoh-tkoh szp{ ftu
b? e/ rJ/. T[; ;w/I ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ nZ;h j}ko d/ eohp ;zrsK dk
fJeZm ;h. r[o{ ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I 33 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.
j[D ;zrsK szp{ tZb pj[s jh T[sktbhnK j' e/ d/y ojhnK ;B. e[M ;w/I
pknd r[o{ ih szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ pho o; Bkb Gog{o ;B. ;fsr[oK d/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (61)
Bkb ;zd
[ o g[FkfenK ftu T[j gzi/ bkb ;B, fijBK B/ ;h; G/IN ehs/ ;B.
fco ;fsr[oK B/ nzfwqs dk pkNk fsnko ehsk. ;op b'j d/ pkN/ ftu gftZso
ib gkfJnk ns/ wksk ihs' ih B/ gsk;/ gkJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ pho nk;D #u p?m
e/, pkN/ ftu ;Zi/ jZE Bkb yzvk c/ofdnK gzi pkDhnK, @;qh ig[ ih ;kfjp,
ikg[ ;kfjp, ;[Xk ;tZ:,/ u"gJh ;kfjp s/ ;qh nBzd ;kfjp ih dk gkm ehsk
s/ fco nodk; j'Jh.
fco ;fsr[oK B/ fejk fe s[;hI j[D w?~ th nzfwqs dh dks p]F'. r[o{
ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK gk;'I nzfwqsgkB ehsk s/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd okfJ ih s'I ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ;i/. fJ;/ ;zpX
z ftu GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/ fbfynk
j? L
tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–
r[o{ ih d/ s/i gqskg s'I efjb{o dk okik Ghw uzd th pj[s d[yh ;h.
T[; B/ pjkB/ Bkb nkgD/ g[s
Z o dh Fkdh ;w/I r[o{ xo s'I gFwhB/ dh ukBDh,
gq;kdh jkEh s/ j'o ehwsh t;sK wzr bJhnK. nzsoikwh ;fsr[oK B/ T[& s
Z o
fdZsk fe fJj t;sK f;Zy ;zrsK tZbI' r[o{ xo #u g/w
q G/Nk ehshnK rJhnK jB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (63)
ns/ fJj fe;/ ~ fdZshnK BjhI ik ;edhnK. Ghw uzd nkgD/ jzeko tZ; e[M
j'o d{i/ gjkVh okfinK ~ Bkb b? e/ jwbkto pD e/ nkfJnk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(64) r[owfs frnkB
r[o{ ih j[D nBzdg[o ;kfjp ~ jo gZyI' wip{s pDk oj/ ;B. ;zB 1689
ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fJE/ gzi febQ/ pDtkJ/. fJjBK d/ BkT[I th phosk Gog{o
oZy/ rJ/, nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ, \sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ. T[Xo
n"or
z }/p nkgDhnK w[fjzwK ftu T[bfMnk j'fJnk ;h. 1689 ftu efjb{o dk
okik Ghw uzd th wo frnk. T[; d/ g[s
Z o B/ e[M ;w/I bJh t?o-fto'X dk
o;sk fsnkr fdZsk ;h.
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ e[M ;kb FKswJh ;w/I ftu f;Zy Xow d/
gquko s/ nkgDh \"ih Fesh ~ tXkfJnk. f;Zyh nkuoB xfVnk frnk. ;qh
nBzdg[o ;kfjp Xow ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pD frnk. ;fsr[oK B/ ;wki ~
fJe gk;/ pqkjwD tor tZbI' nzX-ftFtk; c?bk e/ ehsh iKdh b[N
Z s'I
irkfJnk. d{i/ gk;/ b'e wkfB;esk ftu'I epoK, wVQhnK, Xkr/-sths,
izso-wzso nkfd d/ \}{b voK ~ eZfYnk. fJ; soQK d/ p/ns
z jtkb/ d;w
gksFkj ih dh pkDh #u'I fwb iKd/ jB.
1699 JhH ftu ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk d/ Bkb gjkVh oki/ ;fsr[oK
d/ j'o th fto[X
Z j' rJ/. j'bh s'I j'bk wjZbk gqub
Z s j' u[e
Z k ;h. ;BksB wZs
dhnK toB tzv dhnK ezXK T[& g
Z o eokoh u'N ;h. gfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I b?
e/ j"bha -j"bha f;Zy ;wki s/ nkw b'e wkBf;esk ftZuI' pqkjwD dk gqGkt
]sw j' frnk ;h. fjzd{ gjkVh oki/ w[rb
a dopko Bkb fwb e/ r[o{ xo ~
]sw eoB dhnK ;kfiFK ouD bZr./
;zB 1701 d/ F[o{ ftu nBzdg[o dh gfjbh seVh izr j'Jh. gjkVh
okfinK B/ w[rb
a je{ws se gj[u
z ehsh. g?Id/ ]K s/ dhBk p/r d' ioB?bK
dh nrtkJh j/m d; j}ko \"i nBzdg[o T[& g
Z o jwbk eoB bJh G/ih. j'o
fonk;sK d/ oki/ th nkgDhnK \"iK b? e/ nkJ/. d[FwD \"i shj j}ko se
j' rJh ns/ ;fsr[oK gk; ;Zs-nZm j}ko \"i ;h. fJ; :[X
Z ftu ;kfjp}kdk
nihs f;zx th bfVnk. xw;kB d/ :[X
Z ftu ;fsr[oK d/ sho Bkb g?Id/ ]K
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (65)
wkfonk frnk ns/ dhBk p/r }]wh j' frnk. gjkVh oki/ s/ w[rb
a \"iK d"V
rJhnK s/ ;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh. f;Zy \"iK d/ j";b/ p[bd
z j'J./
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(66) r[owfs frnkB
T[Xo id n"or
z }/p B/ nkgD/ ioB?bK ~ r[o{ ih dh FoB b?Id/ ;[D
fbnk sK T[; B/ bkj"o, ;ofjzd, izw{ s/ w[bskB d/ BtkpK ~ fJeZm/ j' e/
jwbk eoB bJh fejk. fJj :[X
Z 1704 JhH ~ j'fJnk i' nBzdg[o dk u"Ek :[X
Z
;h. fJfsjk;ekoK nB[;ko d[FwD dh \"i bZyK dh frDsh ftu ;h ns/ f;Zy
f;gkjhnK dh frDsh d; e[ j}ko d/ eohp ;h. fszB fdB xw;kB dk :[X
Z
j'fJnk. f;Zy \"iK g{o/ f;de Bkb bVhnK. w[rb
a ioB?bK B/ f;Zy \"i dh
phosk d/y e/ Bhsh pdb bJh. T[jBK B/ fefbQnK s'I fgZS/ jZN e/ nBzdg[o
d/ uko u[co
/ / Bkekpzdh eo bJh. fJ; soQK S/ ;Zs wjhB/ bzx rJ/. bzwk x/ok,
bVkJh, G[y
Z s/ EektN Bkb f;Zy ;?fBe fpwko j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. e[M e[ f;ZyK
ftu fBok;sk th nkJh s/ ukbh f;zx ;fsr[oK ~ p/dktk d/ e/ th ub/ rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (67)
ih rVQh ftu'I ty-ty fdFktK s'I uZb e/ wkShtkV/ ik e/ ;fsr[oK ~ fwb/.
uwe"o dh izr ftu w[rb
a K dh jko j'Jh, feT[Ife T[j bZyK dh frDsh ftu
j[fz dnK th ;fsr[oK ~ geV BjhI ;e/ i' T[jBK dh Bhsh ;h. wkShtkV/ d/
izrb ftu jh r[o{ ih B/ gqG{ dh :kd ftu fJj w'j Gfonk Fpd, @@fwso
fgnko/ ~ jkb w[ohdK dk ejDk## T[ukoB ehsk.
fgzv dhB/ s'I ;zrsK ~ ]poK fwbhnK fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wkbt/ ftu
jB. t?okr ftu tjhoK xZs e/ ;zrsK doFBK bJh T[wv gJhnK. fonk;s
cohde'N d/ fgzv wfjwk ;oik s'I fJe whb s/ j[D r[od[nkok j?, fi; ~
;fsr[oK @bZyh izrb# dh gdth fdZsh. ;fsr[oK Fpd T[ukfonk L
bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.
w[rb
a ;?Bk s/ r[o{ ih dk nzsbk :[X
Z t?;ky d/ wjhB/ 1705 JhH ~
fydokD/ dh Ykp #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; dk BkT[I j[D w[es;o ;kfjp j?. fJE/ jh
nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I p/dktk d/D tkb/ ukbh f;zx, wkJh Gkr' ih dh g/o
q Bk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(68) r[owfs frnkB
Bkb tkg; nkJ/ s/ fJZE/ Fjhd j'J./ fJZE/ jh GkJh wjK f;zx ih dh p/Bsh #s/
;fsr[oK B/ p/dkt/ dk ekr} ckV e/ N[N
Z h gqhs rzYh ;h. fJZE/ f;Zy :'X/ pj[s pjkdoh
Bkb bV/ ns/ t}ho ]K dhnK \"iK ;fsr[oK s'I jko yk e/ tkg; gos rJhnK.
dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ jh r[o{ ih B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih s'I nB[Gt gqekF
okjhI ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh phV fbytkJh. fJ; ftu B"tI/ gksFkj ih
dh pkDh doi ehsh. fJ; ~ dwdwh phV fejk iKdk j?. fJ;/ phV ~
;fsr[oK B/ Bkd/V fty/ r[osk rZdh p]Fh. fJ;/ ;o{g dk gqekF jh nZi ;kv/
;w{j r[o{ xoK ftu jzd
[ k j?.
seohpB ;tk B"I wjhB/ dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk; eoB s'I pknd r[o{
ih B/ nes{po 1706 JhH ftu dZyD tZb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh. wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih s/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih ~ ;fsr[oK B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ ;kE fco fdZbh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(70) r[owfs frnkB
tZb G/i fdZsk. T[Xo dZyD ftu n"or
z }/p ~ ;fsr[oK dk G/fink j'fJnk
}\oBkwk th fwb frnk. Gkt/I n"or
z }/p B/ r[o{ ih ~ fwbD dh ykjF gqrN
ehsh, go }\oBkwk gVQ e/ nkgD/ gkgK dk gFukskg eodk j'fJnk,
n"or
z }/p wkou 1707 JhH ftu wo frnk. T[; d/ g[s
Z oK ftu rZdh bJh xo/b{
izr F[o{ j' rJh. fJjBK ftu'I pjkdo Fkj B/ GkJh Bzd bkb okjhI r[o{ ih
s'I ;jkfJsk wzrh. d;w gksFkj s/ pjkdo Fkj dh gfjbh w[bkeks i[bkJh
1707 JhH ~ nkrok fty/ j'Jh. r[o{ ih B/ pjkdo Fkj dh p/Bsh wzB e/ T[;
dh wdd ehsh s/ T[; dh fiZs j'Jh.
ng?b
q 1708 JhH ~ r[o{ ih nkro/ s'I X"bg[o, niw/o, fus"VrVQ,
T[iB
? nkfde BroK s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ Bopdk d/ ezY/ gj[u
z ./ r[o{ ih 17 wJh 1708
JhH ~ Bopdk s'I gko bzx./ T[; ;w/I pjkdo Fkj th Bkb ;h. fco
p[ojkBg[o s/ fjzrb
' h s'I jzd
[ / r[o{ ih ;fji/ ;fji/ i[bkJh 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V
gj[u
z ./ fJE/ r'dktoh d/ ezY/ v/ok ehsk. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih wkX' dk; p?okrh ~
fwb/ s/ wkX' dk; p?okrh B/ uoBK #s/ Bw;eko eoe/ fejk fe ;fsr[o{ ! w?I
s[jkvk jh pzdk jK. r[o{ ih B/ wkX' dk; ~ nzfwqs Sek e/ Bkw r[opyF f;zx
oZfynk, go T[jBK dk BkT[I pkpk pzdk f;zx jh gqub
Z s fojk. pkpk pzdk
f;zx ih ~ gzikp d/ jkbksK s/ je{ws d/ }[bwK s'I ikD{z eotkfJnk. ;kek
;ofjzd s/ uwe"o dh rVQh dk fJfsjk; ;[D e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx d/ B/soK ftu'I
nkg w[jko/ w'j d/ nZEo{ tfj s[o./ ikpoK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'XD tk;s/ r[o{ ih
B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx ih ~ gzi sho, fBFkB ;kfjp s/ fJe Brkok p]fFnk.
r[o{ ih B/ Bkb gzi w[y
Z h f;Zy G/i/ ns/ ;zrsK d/ BK j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe T[j
pkpk pzdk f;zx dh ;jkfJsk eoB. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih B/ gzikp ftu u[D
u[D e/ r[o{ xo d/ d'yhnK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'fXnk ns/ ]kb;k oki d/ Mzv/ M[bkJ/.
d{i/ gk;/ i{B 1707 JhH ~ pjkdo Fkj nkgD/ S'N/ Gok ~ wko e/
fjzd;
[ skB d/ s]s #s/ p?mk ;h. T[; bVkJh ftu d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[;
dh wdd ehsh ;h. pjkdo Fkj d;w gksFkj ih dk pj[s ;fseko eoB
bZr fgnk. fJj d/y e/ ;{pk ;ofjzd nkgD/ gkgK s'I ezp T[fmnk, feT[Ife
T[; B/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK ~ BhjK ftu fuDk e/ Fjhd ehsk ;h. T[; ~ vo
j'fJnk fe pjkdo Fkj s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh fwZsosk j' rJh j? s/ j[D
w/oh y?o BjhI. T[; B/ d' gmkDK ~ r[o{ ih dk esb eo d/D bJh G/fink.
fJj d'BI' gmkD th BKd/V gjzu
[ rJ/. T[E/ ;zrs eod/ oj/. fJe fdB Fkw
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (71)
t/b/ ojokf; d/ gkm s'I pknd id r[o{ ih nkgD/ szp{ ftu b/N/ j'J/ ;B sK
w"ek t/y e/ fJe gmkD B/ ]zio Bkb r[o{ ih #s/ tko eo fdZsk. ;zs f;gkjh
;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh s/ra Bkb T[; gmkD ~ sK EK #s/ jh ]sw eo fdZsk. d{ik
gmkD d"VB bZrk sK pkjo f;zxK B/ sbtko G/N eo fdZsk. wod/-wod/ fJj
gmkD dZ; rJ/ fe T[jBK ~ t}ho ]K ;{pk ;ojzd B/ G/fink ;h.
]zio dk }]w r[o{ ih d/ g/N T[& g
Z o j'fJnk ;h. fJe iokj (;oiB)
B/ }]w X' e/ f;T[I fdZs/ s/ wbQw gZNh eo fdZsh. }]w ekch mhe j' rJ/,
go fJe fdB ewkB ’s/ fuZbk (ewkB dk v'ok) uVQkT[D ;w/A NKe/ N[N
Z rJ/.
;fsr[oK B/ nB[Gt ehsk fe ;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk frnk j?. r[o{
ih B/ dhtkB ;ikfJnk, ;zrsK fJeZso j' rJhnK. ;fsr[oK B/ Goh ;zrs ~
j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ehsh iKdh j? ns/ f;Zy e"w B/
d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih ~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDk
j?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhI wzBDk. nzs ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ i'sh
i's ;wk rJ/. BKd/V fty/ fiE/ r[o{ ih i'sh i's ;wkJ/ T[; n;EkB dk BK
;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?. fJj gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe j?.
;zyg
/ T[so tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(72) r[owfs frnkB
* kmwn dw forw
fJj n;EkB f;Zy gzE d/ gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ wksk—wksk r[ioh ih ns/ fgsk B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{
s/r pjkdo ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh nksw-eEk dk Bkw eh j? ,
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh nksw eEk dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[u
Z nkg ih dk
ihtB tfuZso s/ n;uoi j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih id r[osk rZdh #s/ fpoki/ sK T[jBK ~
fejVhnK fszB skesK Bkb NZeo b?Dh gJh <
T[& s
Z o L fJe sK n"or
z }/p pkdFkj ;h, d{ik r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,
XhowZbhJ/ s/ okwokJhJ/ ;B ns/ shik gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ i' r[o{ xo d/
;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[X
Z
;wMd/ ;B.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ed'I ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ 30 wkou 1699 JhH ~ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/, ;qh e/;rVQ
tkb/ ;EkB #s/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ uko ;kfjp}kfdnK pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk nihs f;zx s/ pkpk i[Mko f;zx ih
uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J./ r[o{ ih d/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk }'okto
f;zx s/ \sfj f;zx ih ;{pk ;ojzd B/ BhjK ftu fuD e/ Fjhd eok
fdZs./
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[X
Z
ed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[X
Z 1687 JhH ~ gkT[INk
;kfjp s'I S/ whb d{o GzrkDh BkT[I d/ ;EkB #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; ftu
;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ i' nBzdg[o ;kfjp febQ/ pDtkJ/, T[jBK
d/ Bkw fby'.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (73)
T[&&Zso L ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ gzi febQ/ ;B, #nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ,
\sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ ;kfjp.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ }\oBkwk fe; ~ fbfynk ns/ fJ; s'I
eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ dhBk eKrV dh Xosh s'I n"or
z }/p pkdFkj ~ fJe ]s
fbfynk, fi; dk BK }\oBkwk ;h. }\o s'I Gkt fiZs iK \sfj ns/
Bkwk s'I Gkt fuZmh iK ]s j?. GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih fJj ]s n"or
z }/p
~ dZyD ftu g[uk e/ nkJ/.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgD/ s'I pknd r[fonkJh fezBKQ ~ p]Fh
s/ i'sh i's ed'I ;wkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ ;zrsK ~ j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ns/
f;Zy gzE B/ d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih
~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDk j?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhI
wzBDk. r[o{ ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
T[E/ s]s ;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(74) r[owfs frnkB
r[opkDh
@ig[ ih#, ;tZ:/ gkL À¿ (;qktr ;[X
Z ), nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf; s/
;'fjbk pkDh ftZuI' ;zyg
/ gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ nkT[Dr/. fJ;/ soQK r[o fJfsjk;
ftZuI' th ;zyg
/ gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ j'Dr/. d'jK ftZuI' Á¿ Bzpo dk g/go
nkt/rk. fJj gzi pkDhnK ftZuI' Ä¿ gqFB-T[& s
Z o jB.
ig[ ih ;kfjp
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(76) r[owfs frnkB
gqFB 9 L @ig[# pkDh dh ÁÆthI gT[Vh @;' do e/jk# s'I ;k~ fe; soQK dh
g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh dh fJ; gT[Vh s'I fJj g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? fe i/ eo fJj
;koh f;qFNh nekb g[oy dh f;\s ;kbkj eo ojh j? s/ j[ew ftu
uZb ojh j? sK ;k~ th T[; gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj eofdnK j[ew ftu
ubDk ukjhdk j?.
gqFB 10 L @ig[ ih ;kfjp# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ nkgD/ nkg dk ns/ gqG{ dh Fesh dk frnkB
jzd
[ k j?. fJ; pkDh ~ fjod/ #u t;k bJhJ/ sK n;hI uzrh ihtB iku
tkb/ ;\b fJB;kB pD ;ed/ jK.
sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–
gqFB 11 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; s'I Gkt j?, (st=s/oh, gq;kfd=feogk Bkb) s/oh feogk Bkb
fJj pkDh T[ukodk jK.
gqFB 12 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh fejV/ ;fsr[oK dh feZE/ doi j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj pkDh d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh ouBk j? ns/
d;w rzE
q d/ gzBk ÀÂ T[& g
Z o nekb T[;sfs f;ob/y j/m doi j?.
gqFB 13 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh dk T[ukoB feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L g'Hq ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk fe fJj pkDh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ T[ukoB ehsh.
gqFB 14 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ed'I gVQh iKdh
j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj pkDh nzfwqs t/b/ dhnK pkDhnK ftu Fkwb j? ns/ nzfwqs dk
pkNk fsnko eoB ;w/I th fJ; dk ikg ehsk iKdk j?.
gqFB 15 L @;qktr ;[X ;w{j f;XkB e/# gfjb/ ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; dk Gkt j? fe jo/e wZs dk w[y
Z we;d fJj ukjhdk j? fe T[j
gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dk okj dZ;./ i/ fJj BjhI sK T[; dk w[b
Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (77)
oZsh wkso jh ;wM'.
gqFB 16 L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr-T[sr
z -s[or
z s/ e[or
z s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr s'I Gkt jkEh j?. T[sr
z s'I Gkt T[& u
Z / eZd tkb/,
s[or
z s'I Gkt x'V/ ns/ e[or
z s'I Gkt fjoB j?.
gqFB 17 L @shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkB# ;w[u
Z / ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <
T[&&Zso L shoE fJFBkB nkfd ;kXB, Xow g[;seK dk e/tb gVQBk,
pqjwukoh nkfdeK tkb/ emB sg—fJj ;ko/ T[& d
Z w ftnoE jB i/
eo gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dh iku BjhI f;Zyh.
gqFB 18 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu @s'fo nohB wo'fo wtk;B wks/ wszrB
wkB[ wb?Ir/# s'I nrbh gzesh fejVh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ftu nrbh gzesh j?, @@;qh gfs ;qh GrtkB feqgk fpB[ fsnkfr
ijkB[ fBdkfB ub?Ir/.##
gqFB 19 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh nB[;ko gqG{ ~ gqkgs fe; B/ ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L d;w gksFkj ih \[owkT[Id/ jB L @@;ku[ ejT[ ;[fB b/j[ ;G?- fifB
g/w
q [ ehU fsB jh gqG[ gkfJU–## Gkt w?I ;Zu efjzdk jK, ;ko/ fXnkB
Bkb ;[D bU—fi; wB[y
Z B/ gqG{ s/ gqG{ dh ]bes Bkb fgnko
ehsk, T[; B/ gqG{ ~ gk fbnk.
gqFB 20 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu p[s
Z K s/ w[ofdnK ~ g{iD tkb/ ~ eh
fejk j? <
T[& s
Z o L d;w gksFkj ih B/ p[s
Z K s/ w[od/ g{iD tkfbnK ~ @g;[# Gkt gF{,
w{oy fejk j?. nzs ftu ;[us
/ ehsk j? fe iZr e{VhnK fefonktK ftu
cf;nk j'fJnk j? s/ tkfjr[o{ d/ G/d ~ BjhI gk fojk.
nBz d [ ;kfjp
ojokf; ;kfjp
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(82) r[owfs frnkB
;' f jbk
gqFB 41 L @;'fjbk# s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ ;'fjbk pkDh ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;'fjbk s'I Gkt i; iK f;\s ;kbkj eoBh j?. ;'fjbk pkDh fBsB/w
dh pkDh j?. oks ~ ;"D ;w/I fJ; dk gkm ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; s'I
fJbktk f;ZyK ftu fe;/ w'J/ gqkDh d/ nzsw ;;eko s'I pknd th
@;'fjbk# pkDh gVQh iKdh j?.
gqFB 42 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk ;o{g toDB eo'.
T[& s
Z o L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu e[b gzi Fpd jB ns/ fJj ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih d/ gzBk 11 s'I 13 se doi jB. fJjBK ftZuI' gfjb/ fszB Fpd ;qh
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/, fJe Fpd ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih dk ns/ fJe
Fpd ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh ouBk j?.
gqFB 43 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk Bkw @ehosB ;'fjbk# fet/I gqub
Z s j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkw s"o #s/ @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gkm s'I gfjbK r[od[nkfonK ftu
@;'do# d/ gkm s'I pknd Fpd ehosB j[d
z k ;h. fJ; bJh fJ; pkDh
d/ Bkw Bkb @ehosB# gd bk e/ @ehosB ;'fjbk# BkT[I gqub
Z s j'
frnk.
gqFB 44 L @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gfjb/ Fpd, @i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?# dk
e/Idoh Gkt eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; dk e/Idoh Gkt ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu j?, @@s[w rktj[ w/o/
fBoGT[ ek ;'fjbk– jT[ tkoh fis[ ;'fjb? ;dk ;[y j'fJ– 1– ojkT[–
## Gkt s[;hI w/o/ fBoGT[ gqG{ dk i; rkt', w? tkoB/ iktK, n?;k i;
rkt' fi; eoe/ ;dk dk ;[y
Z j't./
gqFB 45 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @fSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;# tkbh
g{oh gzesh s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; s'I Gkt j? fe S/ Fk;sq jB, S/ jh T[jBK d/ eosk Gkt ouBjko/
jB ns/ S/ jh T[jBK d/ T[gd/F jB. go r[oK dk r[o{ nekb g[oy fJZe'
j? s/ T[; d/ t/; nB/e jB.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (83)
gqFB 46 L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih B/ e[dos dh nkosh dk toBD fet/I
ehsk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB fe wB[y
Z ~ pBkT[Nh nkosh eoB dh b'V
BjhI, feT[Ife e[dos ftu gfjbK jh pj[s ;[d
z o nkosh j' ojh j?.
;'fjbk pkDh ftu Fpd j? L
rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–
X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–
(gzBk 13)
ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh dh fJ; gfjbh gzesh s'I Fpd g{ok eo'.
À> ;fsBkw[HHHHHHHHHHHH r[o gq;kfd–
nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[HHHHHHHHHHHH j';h Gh ;u[– À–
;'u? ;'fu B j'tJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À–
j[ewh j'tfB nkekoHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–
rkt? e' skD[ j't? fe;? skD[HHHHHHHHHHH – –
;kuk ;kfjp[ ;ku[ BkfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö
Ekfgnk B ikfJ ehsk B j'fJHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–
shofE Bktk i/ fs;[ GktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–
i/ i[r uko/ nkoikHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–
;[fDn? f;X gho ;[fo BkEHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–
;[fDn? Jh;o[ powk fJzdH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – È–
;[fDn? ;s[ ;zsy
' [ frnkB[HHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–
;[fDn? ;ok r[Dk e/ rkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÀ–
wzB/ eh rfs ejh B ikfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÁ–
w[d
z k ;zsy
' [ ;ow[ gs[ M'bhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–
G[rfs frnkB[ dfJnk GzvkofDHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–
J/ek wkJh i[rfs ftnkJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ¿–
nk;D[ b'fJ b'fJ GzvkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–
fJe d{ ihG" by j'fjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–
nkyfD i'o[ u[g? Bj i'oH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – –
oksh o[sh fEsh tkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÖ
Xow yzv ek J/j' Xow[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–
frnkB yzv wfj frnkB[ gouzvH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–
eow yzv eh pkDh i'oH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–
is[ gkjkok Xhoi[ ;[fBnko[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–
★
;qktr ;[X
Z ;w{j f;XkB e/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–
★
wks/ wszr io/ io ;zrHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–
★
ihs fco? ;G d/; fd;kB e'HHHHHHHHHHHH – –
★
shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkBHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö
★
;[X
Z f;gkj d[os
z d[pkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–
★
pho ngko pv/ pfonkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–
★
dkBt d/t cfBzd fB;kuoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–
★
wkBt fJzdq rfizdq BokXgHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–
★
ejk G:' i' d'T{ b'uB w{d
z e?HHHHHHHHHH – È–
★
ekj{ b? gkjB g{i Xo:' f;oHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (87)
nBz d [ ;kfjp
okwebh wjbk 3 nBz d [
1>;fsr[ o gq ; kfd–
nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh-ezm r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B
fJ; gqeko j'tr
/ k L
★
nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–
★
J/ wB w/fonk s{ ;dk oj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–
★
;ku/ ;kfjpk fenk BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH – –
★
;kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö
★
tki/ gzu ;pd fss[ xfo ;Gkr?HHHHHHHH – Ä–
★
;kuh fbt? fpB[ d/j fBwkDhHHHHHHHHHH – Å–
★
nkBzd[ nkBzd[ ;G[ e' ej?HHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–
★
pkpk fi;[ s{ d/fj ;'Jh iB[ gkt?HHHHHH – Ç–
★
nktj[ ;zs fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – È–
★
J/ wB uzubk us[okJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–
★
J/ wB fgnkfonk s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/HH – ÀÀ–
★
nrw nr'uok s/ok nzs[ B gkfJnkHHH – ÀÁ–
★
;[fo Bo w[fB iB nzfwqs[ y'id/HHHHHHH – À–
★
Grsk eh ukb fBokbhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÖ
★
fiT[ s{ ubkfJfj fst ubj ;[nkwhH – ÀÄ–
★
J/j[ ;'fjbk ;pd[ ;[jktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÅ–
★
gfts[ j'J/ ;/ iBk fiBh jfo fXnkfJnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÆ–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(88) r[owfs frnkB
★
eowh ;ji[ B T{gi?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÇ–
★
ihnj[ w?b/ pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÈ–
★
ihnj[ fBowb pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á¿–
★
i/ e' f;y[ r[o{ ;/sh ;Bw[y[ j'tH? HHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÀ–
★
i/ e' r[o s/ t/wy
[ [ j't? fpB[ ;fsr[oHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÁ–
★
nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–
★
;fsr[o{ fpBk j'o euh j? pkDhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÖ
★
r[o ek ;pd[ oszB[ j?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÄ–
★
f;t ;efs nkfg T[gkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÅ–
★
f;fwqfs ;k;sq g[B
z gkg phukod/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÆ–
★
wksk e/ T[do wfj gqfsgkb eo/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–
★
i?;h nrfB T[do wfjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–
★
jfo nkfg nw[be[ j? w[fb BHHHHHHHHHHHH – Â0–
★
jfo okf; w/oh wB[ tDikokHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–
★
J/ o;Bk s{ nB of; okfu ojhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–
★
J/ ;ohok w/fonk jfo s[w wfj i'fs oyhHHHHHHHHHHHH – –
★
wfB ukT[ GfJnk gqG nkrw[ ;[fDnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÖ
★
J/ ;ohok w/fonk fJ;[ ir wfj nkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–
★
J/ B/sj
q [ w/foj' jfo s[w wfj i'fs XohHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–
★
J/ ;qtDj[ w/foj' ;ku? ;[BD? B' gmkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–
★
jfo ihT[ r[ck nzdfo ofy e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–
★
J/j[ ;kuk ;'fjbk ;ku? xfo rktj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÈ–
★
nBd ;[Dj[ tvGkrhj' ;rb wB'oE g{oH/ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÿ–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (89)
ojokf; ;kfjp
B'N L ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh ezm fBsB/w d/ r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks
N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B fJ; soQK j'tr
/ kL
★
;' do[ okr[ nk;k wjbk À
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
;' do s/ok e/jkHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
nk;k wjbk À
;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
nk;k wjbk À
nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr r{ioh wjbk Ã
jfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oykHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr r{ioh wjbk Ä
ekj/ o/ wB fustfj T[dw[HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr nk;k wjbk à ;' g[oy[
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
;' g[oy[ fBoziB[ jfo g[oy[ fBoziB[HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
nk;k wjbk Ã
s{z eosk ;funko[ w?vk ;KJhHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
nk;k wjbk À
fss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
nk;k wjbk Ä
GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnkHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
gkL À¿– efp:' pku p/Bsh– u"gJh–
jwoh eo' jkE d? oZSkHHHHHHHHHHHH
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(90) r[owfs frnkB
★
;?:
P k–
gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
d'jok–
;rb d[nko eT[ Skfv e?HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okwebh wjbk  nBzd[
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
w[d
z ktDh wjbk Ä
Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhUHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
;b'e wjbk Ä
s/ok ehsk iks' BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH
;' f jbk
★
okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr[ nk;k wjbk À
fSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr XBk;oh wjbk À
rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/HHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ã
ekfw eo'fX Bro[ pj[ GfonkHHHHHHHHHHHH
★
okr[ rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ä
eoT[ p/Bs
z h ;[Dj[ w/o/ whskHHHHHHHHHHHH
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (91)
ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh d/ noE ;wMD bJh fe;/ th
Nhekeko dk Nhek gVQ,' go fJBQK d'jK pkDhnK ftZuI'
20 Bzpo d/ noE fJ; gqeko g[SZ / ikDr/.
gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @@nk;k wjbk À—;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJ##
Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.
iK
@@okr r{ioh wjbk ×@jfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oyk## Fpd g{ok
eoe/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.
gqFB L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu'I @rrB w? Ekb oft uzd[ dhge pB/# Fpd g{ok
eoe/ noE eo'
iK
okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ä—@@eoT[ p/Bs
z h ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk## Fpd
g{ok eoe/ noE ;gZFN eo'.
gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU# Fpd g{ok eoe/
noE eo'
iK
ojokf; pkDh ftu @gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/# ;?:
P k fezBKQ dh ofus pkDh
j?, g{ok eoe/ Gkt noE fby'.
gqFB L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE
eo'
iK
okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk à f;ob/y tkbk Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(92) r[owfs frnkB
gqFB L fBws fbys gzeshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' L
fss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;k
gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–
gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?
jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–
iK
okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/
;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–
dhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzsk
s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–
gqFB L fBws fbys gzrshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' L
;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[
;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–
;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[
;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–
iK
eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–
Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–
gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' L
d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–
;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–
iK
s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–
w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–
gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' L
i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–
fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–
iK
nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–
BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (93)
gq F B gZ s o dh o{ g o/ y k
doik—d{ik
gouk gfjbk—
r[ o -fJfsjk; s/ r[ o pkDh
(Gkr—T)
4H ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
5H ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK uko izrK pko/ ukBDk gkU.
6H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ftu'I ]kb;k gzE dh
f;oiDk ;zpX
z h Gktg{ote b/y fby'.
5X8=40
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(94) r[owfs frnkB
(Gkr-n)
5X4=20
(Gkr—J)
iK
ojokf; pkDh ftZuI' @@Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU## Fpd g{ok eoe/
Gkt noE ;wMkU.
2H fBws fbys gzrshnK ftu'I fe;/ fJe d/ noE eo' L
;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[
;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–
;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[
;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–
iK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk (95)
nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–
BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–
2X10=20
(Gkr—;)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(96) r[owfs frnkB
prcw dUjw
f;Z y fJfsjk;
s/
ofjs wo:kdk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (97)
ykbh g/i
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(98) r[owfs frnkB
Bh:s ehs/ Bt/ I f;b/ p ; nB[ ; ko L
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bh:s ehsk BtK f;b/p; (99)
sseok
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(100) r[owfs frnkB
BweI idAwlw jI
GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh L
GkJh fdnkbk ih B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb fdZbh fty/
Fjhd j'D tkb/ f;deh f;ZyK ftu'I fJe ;B. fJjBK ~ gkDh dh d/r ftu
fpmk e/ j/mK nZr pkba fdZsh rJh. T[pbdk gkDh th GkJh fdnkbk ih d/
f;de ~ v[bk Bk ;fenk. B"tI/ gksFkj ih d/ j[ewBkfwnK ftu nkg ih
dk BK GkJh fdnkb dk; eoe/ nB/e tko nkfJnk j?.
GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ gfjbK ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ c/o ;qh r[o{
jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu FoXk GktBk Bkb jo gqeko dh ;/tk
fBGkJh. id ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJh
fdnkbk ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jh
ftFtk; gkso ;B. id'I B"tI/ gksFkj ih 1665 JhH ~ g{op tZb gquko bJh
rJ/ sK nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk ;kfjp SZv rJ/ ;B. T[; ;w/I th gfotko
dh ;/tk ;zGkb ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih oj/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (101)
fJbkfenK dhnK f;Zy ;zrsK ftu seVk o;{y oZyd/ ;B.
GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB r[owfs ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h. fJ;
GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;{ow/ B/ }kbwK ~ T[j' T[& s
Z o fdZsk fe w?~ w/ok Xow
fgnkok j?. w"s s'I vo e/ nkgDk ihtB f;XKs iK Xow pdb b?Dk ;{ofwnK
dk ezw BjhI. fJ; bJh w?~ f;Zyh T[& s
Z / wkD j?. ;oho B/ sK nk]o ]sw j'Dk
jh j? s/ w?~ w"s gqtkB j?.
n"or
z }/p d/ ipo ~ GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ ;po Bkb tzrkfonk. GkJh
fdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ Fkjh j[ewK Bkb fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e
ftu gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r ftu T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. nkg B/ fJ;
nZs d/ ;ohoe eFN ~ s[S eoe/ ikfDnK ns/ r[opkDh dk gkm eod/
eod/, gqG{ d/ GkD/ ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih-GkJh wkJh dk; ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B, nkg d/ dkdk
GkJh pZb{ ih S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh \"i ftu seV/ ioB?b ;B.
gqFB 2 L GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ fejV/-fejV/ ;fsr[oK d/ dopko ftu ;/tk
fBGkJh <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ ;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ nZmt/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu th ;/tk fBGkJh.
gqFB 3 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ B"tI/ gksFkj d/ ;w/I fejVh ;/tk fdZsh rJh <
T[& s
Z o L id B"tI/ gksFkj ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJh fdnkbk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(102) r[owfs frnkB
ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jh
ftFtk; gkso ;B.
gqFB 4 L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh fezB/ Gok f;Zy gzE bJh e[opkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh pkoQK Gok ;B. fJjBK ftu'I frnkoK GkJh f;Zy
gzE bJh e[opkB j'J./ pzd-pzd eNtkT[D tkb/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih th
nkg d/ S'N/ Gok ;B.
gqFB 5 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ed'I, feZE/ s/ fet/I Fjhd j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu,
gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r #u T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (103)
bwbw boqw isMG-grjw isMG jI
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh L
pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh (1716 JhH) s'I b? e/ 1765 JhH
se ]kb;k gzE ~ pj[s jh efmBkJhnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk. nkgDh
fBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyD bJh fJj ;wK seVh id' ifjd dk fJfsjk;
j?. T[go'es ftF/ nB[;ko ;w/I pko/ ikDhJ/ sK gzikp dk rtoBo ]kB
pjkdo }eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ 1726 JhH s'I b? e/ 1745 JhH se f;ZyK T[& g
Z o
pj[s jh }[bw ehs/. }eohnk ]K B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih, GkJh sko{ f;zx ih,
GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx ih, Fkjpki f;zx ns/ j'o p/ns
z f;zxK f;zxDhnK ~ nZs
d/ s;hj/ d/ e/ w"s d/ xkN T[skfonk. Gkt/I fJe ;w/I 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk
]K B/ GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx okjhI f;Zy gzE Bkb B/Vsk tXkT[D bJh ikrho th
fdZsh, go T[; dh y'Nh Bhns tkbh ;KM pj[sk ;wK Bk ofj ;eh.
fJj' fJfsjk; pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk j?. pkpk p'sk f;zx
ih fgzv GVkDk, f}bQk bkj"o d/ t;Bhe ;B s/ T[jBK dk ;kEh GkJh roik
f;zx ozxo/Nk d'B' jh nzfwqs;o d/ gftZso ;o'to #u fJFBkB eoe/ soB
skoB bkr/ ik oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ t/y e/ d' w[;bwkB j"bh-j"bh rZbK eoB
bZr gJ/. fJe B/ fejk, @fJj f;Zy ikgd/ jB.# d{i/ B/ wFeoh Bkb fejk
fe, @f;ZyK dk sK ]kB pjkdo B/ y[ok y'i jh fwNk fdZsk j?. fJj f;Zy BjhI,
pj[og
{ hJ/ j'Dr/.# fJjBK fdnK p'bK B/ pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dh
nDy ~ tzrkfonk.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb
;zpfz Xs j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj xNBk 1739 JhH dh j?, id gzikp dk rtoBo ]kB pjkdo
}eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ f;ZyK T[& g
Z o pj[s }[bw ehs/, go fJj d'BI'
f;zx c/o th nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fJFBkB eoe/ rJ/ ns/ d' w[;bwkBK dk
skjBk ;[D e/ w[rb
a ;oeko bJh tzrko pD rJ/.
gqFB 2 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ uzr
[ h eo feT[I brkfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L T[jBK B/ u[r
z h eo fJ; bJh brkfJnk, feT[Ife uzr
[ h eo e/tb
;oeko jh b? ;edh ;h. T[jBK B/ w[rb
a ;oeko d/ nzdo, f;Zy
;oeko ekfJw eo fdZsh, i' Fo/n
Q kw prkts ;h.
gqFB 3 L pkpk p'sk f;zx ih B/ }eohnk ]K ~ fuZmh ftu eh fbfynk <
T[& s
Z o L pkpk ih dh fuZmh }eohnk ]K ~ tzrko ;h s/ T[BKQ fbfynk L
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(106) r[owfs frnkB
fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.
nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.
nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.
gqFB 4 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ fezBh w[rb
a \"i Bkb Nkeok
ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih e/tb d'BI' ;B ns/ w[rb
a \"i ftu
fJe ;" x'V-;tko s/ fJe \"idko ibkb[dhB ;h.
gqFB 5 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp
feZE/ j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJjBK ;{opho :'fXnK dh :kd ftu ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp s'I Mpkb
tkbh ;Ve T[&&Zgo fgzv B{o dh fty/ FkBdko r[od[nkok ;kfjp
T[;kfonk frnk j?. fJj soB skoB ;kfjp s'I fszB e[ whb dh d{oh
#s/ j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih (107)
nvwb kpUr isMG jI
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
f;Zy e"w ftu Btkp eg{o f;zx ih fJe ;fsekos j;sh j'J/ jB. nkg
ih B/ 1733 JhH s'I 1753 JhH se g{o/ thj ;kb e"w ~ :'r nrtkJh fdZsh.
T[Ii fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe nkg dk ;w[u
Z k ihtB jh gzEe ;/tk ftu
pshs j'fJnk.
pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu pzdJh ]kb;k
s/ sZs ]kb;k ftueko MrVk tZX frnk ;h. wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ fdZbh s'I GkJh
wBh f;zx ih ~ G/fink. T[jBK B/ e"w ftu g{oB J/esk eotk fdZsh. fJ;
][Fh ftu 1721 JhH ~ t?;kyh tkb/ fdB nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZm
j'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs ;zuko th j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftu
Fkwb ;B. fiE/ T[; fdB p/ns
z ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ ;H eg{o f;zx
ih th nzfwqs Se e/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/. fco nkg B/ fJbke/ d/ B"itkBK ~
nzfwqs SeD bJh g/fq onk sK fJbke/ ftu T[jBK dk uzrk ;fseko j'D bZrk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(108) r[owfs frnkB
dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/ s/ bkj"o d/ ]}kB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk Bk
nkT[D fdZsh ikt/. ;oekoh ]}kB/ b[N
Z e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrk
x'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi; Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh
]kb;k gj[zu/.#
nzs 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk ]K wip{o j' e/ fdZbh dh je{ws s'I
nkfrnk b? e/ f;Zy gzE Bkb ;[bj eoB bJh fsnko j' frnk. T[; B/ bkj"o
nk e/ GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx okjhI f;ZyK ~ fJe ikrho, fi; dh ;bkBk nkwdB
fJe bZy o[gJ/ ;h ns/ Btkp dh gdth d/D dh g/FeF ehsh. nzfwqs;o fty/
]kb;k gzE dk fJeZm j'fJnk s/ gzE B/ fJj g/FeF m[eok fdZsh. GkJh ;[pr
/
f;zx B/ fejk fe gzE d/ Gb/ bJh fJj ikrho s/ Btkph Bk m[eokU. ;ops
]kb;/ B/ ;bkj ehsh fe ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dh :'rsk eoe/ sK w[rb
a ;oeko
B/ r'v/ N/e/ jB. fJ; bJh fJ; ;fseko d/ jZedko ;qH eg{o f;zx ih jB.
;qH eg{o f;zx ih T[; ;w/I ;zrsK ftu gZyk MZbD dh ;/tk eo oj/ ;B.
GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx Btkph dhnK t;sK b? e/ nZr/ tX/, fi; ftu o/Fw dh gZr,
fJe e?Imk, fJe ebrh, firQk, ;[Bfjoh ezrDK dk i'Vk, fJe w'shnK dh
wkbk, fJe g[Fke s/ fJe jhfonK iVh FwFho ;h. ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ fejk
fe w?I ]kb;k gzE d/ j[ew nZr/ fJBekoh th BjhI j' ;edk, go fJj ;oekoh
wkb gfjbK gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK Bkb S[jk e/ fdZsk ikJ/ sK w?I gqtkB eoKrk.
T[; ;w/I ;oekoh ohsh nB[;ko b'e Btkph dh fybs (g[Fke) b? e/ f;o #s/
oZyd/ s/ ;fseko eod/ ;B. go ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK ftu
oyk e/ gqtkB ehsh.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (109)
fJ; ;w/I ]kb;k gzE B/ e[M FosK wzBtkJhnK fe ;kv/ T[& g
Z o e'Jh
;oekoh gkpzdh BjhI bZrr
/ h. ;GBK ~ r[od[nkfonK dh d/y Gkb s/ ;/tk
;zGkb dh n}kdh j'tr
/ h. }eohnk ]K B/ fJj FosK wzB bJhnK. T[; dk
f]nkb ;h fe ;oekoh XB Bkb f;ZyK ftu c[N
Z g? ikt/rh, go ;qH eg{o f;zx
ih dh :'r nrtkJh j/m f;Zy tZvh gZXo #s/ iE/pd
z j' rJ/. f;Zyh dk gquko
tZX frnk s/ B"itkB XVk XV f;zx ;iD bZr./
;w[u
Z / jkbks ~ tkuD bJh 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(110) r[owfs frnkB
;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;/ dk fJeZm j'fJnk. Btkp eg{o f;zx ih
B/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pd
z e BK db ]kb;k oZfynk s/ fJ; dh iE/dkoh
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Igh rJh. fJ; ;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/
e"w dh ;[:r
' nrtkJh ehsh.
1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm p[bk
e/ ;kohnK f}zwt
/ kohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Ig fdZshnK. nzs f;Zy
gzE d/ wjkB ioB?b Btkp eg{o f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o
fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/
gk; ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BKQ dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?. nkg ih dh e"wh ;/tk
~ ;dk :kd ehsk iKdk oj/rk.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ikDekoh fdU.
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/yg
{ o
[ d/ fJbke/ ftu fgzv ekb/e/ fty/
u"Xoh dbhg f;zx d/ xo, ftoe iZN xokD/ ftu j'fJnk. pugB ftu
jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B s/ nkgDh wksk ih gk;'I r[opkDh ezm ehsh.
gqFB 2 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nzfwqsgkB ed'I ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;zB 1721 ftu nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZm j'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs
;zuko j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkfwb ;B.
fiE/ p/ns
z ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ th
nzfwqs Sfenk s/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/.
gqFB 3 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ 1726 JhH ftu ;opZs ]kb;/ d/ fJeZm ftu
eh ;[Mkn g/F ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ ;[Mkn oZy/ fe, @;oeko dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/
s/ bkj"o d/ ]ikB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk Bk nkT[D fdZsh ikJ/. ;oekoh
]ikB/ b[N
Z e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrk x'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi;
Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh ]kb;k gj[u
z ./
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (111)
gqFB 4 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ iE/pd
z h dk BK #db ]kb;k# ed'I oZfynk <
T[& s
Z o L ;wekbh jkbksK ~ d/yfdnK 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s
;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk. fJ; ;w/I Btkp
eg{o f;zx ih B/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pd
z e BK db ]kb;k oZfynk.
gqFB 5 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L 1753 JhH ~ nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ;B. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm
p[bk e/ ;kohnK f}zw/tkohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Ig
fdZshnK. nzs 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nkg nekb
ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk;
ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BKQ dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(112) r[owfs frnkB
sR j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, nmkothI ;dh dk T[j pjkdo f;Zy
ioB?b ;h, fi; B/ ukbQh ;kb fdB oks fJe eoe/ fpyV/ ;w/I ftu f;Zy e"w
dh ;/tk ehsh. T[j fJe' fJe f;Zy ;h, fi; ~ ;w[u
Z h e"w B/ ;fseko Bkb
;[bskB-T[b-e"w fejk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'I pknd f;Zy e"w dh
;[ui
Z h nrtkJh Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ ehsh ns/ T[jBK d/ j[fz dnK jh ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ n?;h ewkB ;zGkbh fe jo e"wh \o} ~ FkBdko
sohe/ Bkb fBGkfJnk.
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"o
d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo eJh
;kbK se ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh sK T[jBK B/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp ik e/ nodk;
ehsh ns/ pj[s ;[y
Z Dk ;[y e/ fJj g[s
Z o fbnk ;h. iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kb
dk ;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dh wksk ih pj[s GiB
pzdrh tkbh n"os ;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h. T[; dh GktBk
;h fe n;hI g[s
Z o ~ r[o{ xo fbikDk ;h. wK nkgD/ g[s
Z o iZ;k f;zx ~ b? e/
fdZbh ik gj[u
z h, feT[Ife T[E/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[d
z oh
ih ofjzd/ ;B. wK B/ ik e/ wksk ;[d
z oh ih ~ dZf;nk fe fJj pkb d;w
gksFkj ih dh ngko feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. pkb iZ;k f;zx B/ wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih Bkb J/Bk w'j gk fbnk fe nkg dk ;kok pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih gk; jh phfsnk.
id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftu
fJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk. id
fdZbh s'I nkg ~ ftdk ehsk sK wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko,
ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJe r[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (113)
eg{o f;zx ih ~ fuZmh fbyh fe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[s
Z o ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DK
ftu fBg[B
z eoBk j?.
1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB id ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp nzfwqs;o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(114) r[owfs frnkB
fty/ ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk sK \?;bk ehsk fe j[D bkj"o #s/ ep}k ehsk
ikJ/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{pd
/ ko T[pd
? ]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDk fdZsk. ibdh
ekotkJh ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ BK T[& g
Z o f;Zek th ubk
fdZsk. id fdZbh s'I Fkjh \"i tZvh frDsh ftu nk rJh sK f;zxK B/ bkj"o
SZv fdZsk.
T[Xo nfjwdFkj npdkbh f;ZyK s'I pj[s d[yh ;h. T[; B/ nkgDh
;koh skes bk e/ f;zxK ~ wb/oe'Nbk B/V/ e[gojhV fty/ x/o e/ wkoB dk
e'Mk :sB ehsk. fJ; xNBk ~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk frnk i' 1762 JhH ftu
tkgfonk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bV/. nkg d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o d'
doiB d/ eohp cZN bZr,/ go j";bk BjhI jkfonk. Gkt/I shj j}ko f;zx
fJ; xZbx
{ ko/ ftu Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B, go ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh
nrtkJh B/ e"w ftu Yfjzdh ebk BjhI nkT[D fdZsh.
14 iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m ;kohnK fw;bK
B/ fwb e/ ;ojzd #s/ jwbk ehsk ns/ Btkp }?B ]K ~ wko w[ekfJnk.
;ojzd T[go ]kb;/ dk fco ep}k j' frnk. S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdh
tkb/ ;EkB #s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp r[od[nkok pDkfJnk frnk. T[Xo nfjwd
Fkj npdkbh B/ 1762 JhH ftu ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh gftZso fJwkos
Ykj fdZsh ;h. nes{po 1764 JhH ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ fco
fsnko eotkJh. ;zB 1777 ftu ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk B/ eg{oEbk #s/ jwbk
ehsk. fJE'I d/ j[ewokB okJ/ fJpokjhw GZNh ~ jko d/ e/ eg{oEbk ~
nkgDh okiXkBh pDk fbnk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (115)
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; fby'.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ iBw s/ gfotko pko/ dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/
;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. nkg dh wksk GiB pzdrh tkbh n"os
;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h.
gqFB 2 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh wksk pugB ftu T[jBK ~ fezBKQ
gk; b? e/ rJh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qH iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kbK d/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekb
ubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wK nkgD/ g[s
Z o ~ fdZbh fty/ d;w
gksFkj ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[d
z oh ih gk; b? e/ rJh. T[jBK ~ dZf;nk
fe fJj pkb d;w gksFkj ih dh feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. fco nkg
dk pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;[d
z oh ih gk; jh phfsnk.
gqFB 3 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx
gk; ed'I G/fink <
T[& s
Z o L id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftu
fJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk.
wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko, ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJe
r[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp eg{o f;zx ~ fuZmh fbyh
fe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[s
Z o ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DK ftu fBg[B
z eoBk
j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ f;Zy gzE dh eh wjkB ;/tk ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ 1746 JhH ftu S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I d[FwD Bkb vN e/ Nkeok
ehsk. nkg fiE/ nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b d/ iE/dko ;B T[E/ ;kohnK
fw;bK d/ gqwy
Z[ ;odko ti'I th ;/tk fBGkJh. nkg B/ fJe tko bkj"o
#s/ ep}k eo e/ f;Zek th ubkfJnk. 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I
fiE/ npdkbh Bkb NZeo bJh T[E/ gzE dh :'r nrtkJh ehsh. nkg
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(116) r[owfs frnkB
B/ ;ojzd T[& g
Z o fJe tko fco ep}k ehsk. 1764 JhH ftu ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp dh fJwkos dh w[V fsnkoh eotkJh, feT[Ife 1762
JhH ftu fJ; gftZso fJwkos ~ npdkbh B/ Ykj fdZsk ;h. nkg B/
f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ftu tZvk :'rdkB gkfJnk.
gqFB 5 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/
j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk nekb ubkDk 20 nes{po 1783 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/
j'fJnk. nkg dh nzsw ykjF nB[;ko nkg dk ;;eko Btkp eg{o
f;zx ih d/ ;EkB bkr/ pkpk nNZb okfJ d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk,
fiZE/ T[BKQ dh ;wkX pDh j'Jh j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (117)
AkwlI PUlw isMG jI
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
f;Zy oki d/ ;w/I fijV/ wjkB ftneshnK B/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb e"wh ;/tk
ftu fjZ;k gkfJnk, T[jBK ftu'I nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk BK ftF/F s"o #s/
toDB:'r j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK,
jfonkDk d/ fJbkek pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk.
;qH JhFo f;zx fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.
nekbh c{bk f;zx d/ iBw ;w/I nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ gzikp T[& g
Z o jwb/
j' oj/ ;B. fJjBK d/ fgsk 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I bVfdnK ;]s
cZNV j' rJ/ s/ e[M fuo pknd xo ik e/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK B/
nkgD/ ubkD/ s'I gfjbK c{bk f;zx dh pKj nkgD/ fwZso pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~
cVkJh ns/ fejk fe w/o/ g[s
Z o ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bk d/JhI. pkpk B?Dk f;zx nkg
fw;b FjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B s/ fBjzr f;zxK d/ p[Y
Z / db d/ iE/dko ;B.
c{bk f;zx B/ fgsk ih d/ ubkD/ s'I pknd nkgDh wksk s/ pkpk B?Dk
f;zx ih d/ T[dw Bkb r[opkDh gVQh s/ ezm ehsh. fJ; d/ Bkb F;so
ftZfdnk gqkgs ehsh. x'V-;tkoh s/ B/}kpk}h dk fJjBK ~ pj[s F"e ;h.
nfijhnK o[uhnK eoe/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ :[X
Z ebk ftu pj[s S/sh
w[jkos jk;b eo bJh. nekb dk GkDk tkgfonk fe fJjBK d/ wksk ih
dh th w"s j' rJh. nkg fJeZb/ jh ofj rJ/. fco nkg nekbh pkDk gk e/
FjhdK dh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. nkg B/ iE/ gk;'I nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs
eoe/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp jh iE/ d/ Bkb ofjDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. pkpk B?Dk
f;zx d/ nekb ubkD/ s'I pknd nekbh c{bk f;zx ih iE/ d/ nkr{ pD rJ/.
1800 JhH ftu nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/Ido
pDkfJnk. T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsK
tZbI' F[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(118) r[owfs frnkB
eko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpX
z s/ wo:kdk T[& g
Z o g{oh fBrkj
oZyd/ ;B.
1802 JhH ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nzfwqs;o ~ ]kb;k oki ftu
Fkwb eoB bJh nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo uVQkJh ehsh. fJE/ eJh fBZe/-fBZe/
;odko ekp} ;B i' GzrhnK dh fw;b ftu'I ;B. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/
ftu g? e/ ;[bj ;ckJh eotk fdZsh, feT[Ife f;ZyK jZEI' f;ZyK dk jh bj{
v[b
Z D
Q k ;h. Gzrh ;odkoK ~ ikrho fwb rJh ns/ nzfwqs;o wjkoki/ d/
gqpX
z j/m nk frnk. fJj \?;bk eotkT[D Bkb gzE ftu nekbh c{bk f;zx
ih dk ;fseko pj[s tX frnk. wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk nekbh c{bk
f;zx ih Bkb r{jVk fgnko g? frnk s/ T[j jo w[fjzw ftu fJjBK dh
;bkj s/ ;jkfJsk b?D bZr gJ/.
1819 JhH ftu eFwho dh fiZs ;w/I wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ bkj"o
ftu dhgwkbk ehsh ns/ nekbh ih ~ @wjKpbh# dh T[gkXh fdZsh. fJ;/ soQK
id ]po fwbh fe ekpb d/ pkdFkj w[jw
z d n}hw ]K B/ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB
ftu tZvh \"i b? e/ nKdh j?. ;qH F/o f;zx s/ joh f;zx Bb{J/ B/ jwbk eo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (119)
fdZsk. fJ; ;w/I wjkokik s/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ nNe dfonk dh gqtkj
Bk ehsh s/ izr ftu gjzu
[ rJ/. S'Nh fijh MVg fgZSI' t?oh B"Ffjo/ gjzu
[
frnk.
14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ fco B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ fJe
gmkD B/ fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nekbh ih dk
;;eko B"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh.
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih fJe fBvo nkr{ ;B. T[j Xkofwe wo:kdk d/
pj[s gkpzd ;B. nkg B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp d/ iE/dko dh j?;hns ftu
wjkokik oDihs f;zx ~ e'oV/ wkoB dh ;}k ;[DkJh ;h, Gkt/I pknd ftu
;zrs dh p/Bsh #s/ w[nk\ eo fdZsh rJh ;h. nekbh ih dk r[of;Zyh Bkb
pj[s fgnko ;h. nkg ih B/ nzfwqs t/b/ d/ fBsB/w dh wo:kdk ~ nzsw
;tk;K se fBGkfJnk. nekbh ih fe;/ th w[fjzw #s/ iKd/ sK nekb g[oy
nZr/ nodk; eod/ ns/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I j[ewBkwk b? e/ jh otkBk
jzd
[ ./ fJ; wjkB :'X/ dh :kd ftu n}kdh s'I pknd ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJe
pj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonk frnk i' T[jBK dh F];hns d/ nB/e gZyK ~
ikBD bJh g/o
q dk j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih torhnK wjkB F];hnsK
]kb;k gzE dh FkB jB. nekbh ih rqfj;Eh BjhI ;B. go T[BKQ d/ S'N/
GkJh ;zs f;zx dh nzF pz; soB skoB ;kfjp tZ;dh j?.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ iBw s/ gfotko ;zpX
z h ikDekoh fdU.
T[& s
Z o L nkg ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK, jfonkDk d/ fJbkek
pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;qH JhFo f;zx
ih fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.
gqFB 2 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh gkbDk g';Dk fet/I j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L nekbh ih pj[s S'N/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo
rJ/. ubkD/ s'I gfjbK nkgD/ g[s
Z o dh pKj pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~ cVkJh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(120) r[owfs frnkB
s/ fejk fe w/o/ g[s
Z o ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bkJhA. pkpk B?Dk f;zx fw;b
FjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B. nekbh ih dh gkbDk g';Dk nkg dh wksk
s/ pkpk B?Dk f;zx dh ;[ui
Z h gqo
/ Bk j/m j'Jh.
gqFB 3 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk
e/Ido pDk e/ eh ;[Xko ehsk <
T[&s
Z o L nekbh ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/Ido pDkfJnk.
T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsK tZbI'
F[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dh
eko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpX
z s/ wo:kdk T[& g
Z o g{oh
fBrkj oZyd/ ;B.
gqFB 4 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih B/ eh-eh T[gkXh
fdZsh <
T[& s
Z o L w[bskB dh nzsw bVkJh 1818 JhH ~ j'Jh. T[; ftu w[bskB dk
gqf;ZX febQk \sfj eoB dk f;jok nekbh ih ~ iKdk j?. w[bskB
dh \sfj s'I fgZSI' wjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ ]kb;k oki dk okyk nky
e/ ;BwkfBnk ;h. fJ;/ soQK 1819 ftu eFwho dh fiZs s'I pknd
wjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ wjKpbh dh T[gkXh fdZsh.
gqFB 5 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh ed'I j'Jh ns/ T[jBK dh :kdrko
feE/ j? <
T[& s
Z o L 14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh ih ~ fJe gmkD B/
fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nkg dk ;;eko
B"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh. n}kdh s'I pknd
fJjBK dh :kd ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJe pj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonk
frnk.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (121)
BweI su`Kw isMG qy
BweI mihqwb isMG jI
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh pjkdoh L
1739 JhH ftu BkdoFkj B/ fdZbh b[N
Z h ns/ id T[j tkg; fJokB ~
w[fVnk sK f;Zy :'fXnK B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m T[; dk ek\h
XB y'j fbnk. B"itkB ;zd
[ ohnK S[vk e/ xo' xohI gj[u
z kJhnK. bkj"o gj[u
z
e/ BkdoFkj B/ gzikp d/ rtoBo }eohnk ]K ~ f;ZyK T[& g
Z o ;]sh eoB
dk j[ew fdZsk.
T[Xo je{ws dh nZs ;]sh eoe/ ;w/I dh Bp} ~ gSkDd/ j'J/ pj[s/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(122) r[owfs frnkB
f;zx izrbK, phnkpkBK iK phekB/o tZb ub/ rJ/. u"XohnK B/ ;{pk bkj"o
~ ][Fh dhnK ]poK G/ihnK fe gzikp ftu f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk frnk
j?. ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph Bk ;jkodk j'fJnk fgzv ezr d/
ofjD tkbk fJe f;Zy p[bkek f;zx fJj ]po g[ukT[D bJh f;zxK gk;
phekB/o gj[u
z frnk. T[; B/ Gkte j' e/ nZyK #u'I nZEo{ e/ofdnK gzikp dk
jkb dZf;nk fe wZ;k ozxV ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph eo fojk j?
s/ s[;hI pj[s d{o nk rJ/ j'. i/ eo n;hI nkgD/ gftZso ;EkB d{finK r'uo/
SZvKr/ sK okyh e"D eo/rk < T[j tkosk ;[DkT[Idk GZp
[ K wko e/ o' fgnk.
;koh tkosk ;[D e/ db d/ iE/dko p[Y
Z k f;zx B/ fwnkB #u'I s/ra eZYh
s/ ;ko/ f;zxK ~ ;zpX
' B j' e/ efjD bZrk, ]kb;k ih ! nZi wZ;k ozxV B/ gzE
dh nDy ~ tzrkfonk J/. j? e'Jh ;{owk i' ;h; sbh #s/ Xo e/ s[o,/ iK sK
T[; gkgh dk BkF eo d/t/ iK ;fsr[oK d/ dopko dh gftZsosk bJh Fjhd
j' ikt/.
iE/dko dh tzrko ;[D e/ f;zxK d/ v"b/ coe/. ;G s'I gfjbK ;qH wfjskp
f;zx Gzr{ whoKe'Nhnk s/ GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx wkVh ezpe
' h tkbk T[m yV/ j'J./
T[jBK B/ ;fs ;qh nekb dk i?ekok rik e/ fwnkB ftu'I s/rKa eZYhnK s/ pho
o; ftu p'b/ fe, iE/dko ih ! n;hI wZ;/ gkgh dk f;o ;zrsK d/ uoBK #u
fbnk XoKr/ s/ iK fco Fjhd j' iktKr/. nkU, ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK #u nodk;
eohJ/.
]kb;/ B/ uVQdh ebk d/ i?eko/ SZv./ nodk;k ;'X e/, nekb dh UN
b? e/ d'tI/ i'X/ x'fVnK #s/ ;tko j' e/ nzfwqs;o ~ otkBk j'J./ gzikp bkr/
gj[u
z e/ T[jBK B/ e[M G/; pdb fbnk. nzfwqs;o d/ B/V/ gj[u
z e/ T[jBK d'
p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK Go e/ nZr/ ekmhnK T[& g
Z o oZy bJhnK. t/yD tkb/
~ ikgdk ;h fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko }whB dk wkwbk skoB bJh uZb/ jB.
fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id fJj f;zx ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp
ih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J./ nkgD/ x'V/ fJjBK f;zxK B/ doFBh fvT[Vh
d/ pkjo bkuh p/oh* Bkb pzBQ fdZs/ s/ mheohnK tkbhnK p'ohnK b? e/ ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp nzdo ub/ rJ/. gfjo/dkoK B/ th wkwbk skoB tkb/ ;wM
e/ o'e Bk brkJh.
nZr/ wZ;k ozxV BF/ #u r[N
Z j' e/ j[e
Z k gh fojk ;h. t/;tk dk Bku j'
* ies byrI dy Coty-Coty lwcIAW vrgy byr hox krky ies ƒ lwcI byr ikhw jWdw hY[
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (123)
fojk ;h. fJj p/ndph d/y e/ f;zxK dk ]{B T[pkb/ yk T[fmnk. T[BKQ B/
p'ohnK wZ;/ d/ nZr/ ik oZyhnK. id gbzx #s/ p?mk wZ;k ozxV wkwb/ tkbh
p'oh tZb M[fenk sK GkJh wfjskp f;zx B/ sbtko dk n?;k tko ehsk fe fJe'
NZe Bkb wZ;/ ozxV dh X"D bkj fdZsh. T[; d/ ;kEh xpok e/ fJXo T[Xo
GZi T[m./ d'BI' f;zx gfjo/dkoK d/ ;zGbD s'I gfjbK jh wZ;/ dk f;o b? e/
x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/. bzpk ;\o sfj eoe/ d'jK :'fXnK B/ phekB/o
gj[u
z e/ wZ;/ dk f;o iE/dko d/ nZr/ ik oZfynk. \sfj d/ i?eko/ r{i
z / s/
;{ofwnK B/ ;kps eo fdZsk fe nDyhbhnK e"wK nkgD/ gftZso r[oXkwK dh
p/ndph BjhI ;fjD eo ;edhnK.
T[Xo wZ;/ dh w"s dk jkb ikD e/ bkj"o dk ;{pk }eohnk ]K nkg/ s'I
pkjo j' frnk. T[; B/ nzfwqs;o d/ fJod frod ;ko/ jh u"XohnK ~ j[ew
ukfVQnk fe wZ;/ d/ eksb ibdh cVQ/ ikD. izfvnkb/ d/ jfoGrs fBoziBhJ/
B/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx d/ BK dh u[rbh ehsh. fJj ;[D e/ B{odhB dh ewkB
j/m w[rb
a f;gkjhnK B/ fgzv whoKe'N ~ x/ok gk fbnk. GkJh wfjskp f;zx
sK phekB/o tZb jh ubk frnk ;h. T[jBK dk g[s
Z o okfJ f;zx i' ;Zs e[ ;kb
dk ;h, T[; dh pKj nkg B/ fgzv d/ g?Iu BZE/ yfjo/ ~ cVkJh ;h. B{odhB
B/ fJj pZuk T[; d/ jtkb/ eoB bJh fejk, go BZEk yfjok s/ T[; d/
;kEhnK B/ pZu/ dh oZfynk bJh :ZX
Z[ ehsk. BZEk s/ T[; d/ ;kEh wko/ rJ/ s/
pZuk okfJ f;zx th ;]s cNV j' frnk. pZu/ ~ wfonk ;wM e/ f;gkjh ub/
rJ/. T[j fJe ezp' fJ;soh B/ gkfbnk. fco tZvk j'fJnk ftnkfjnk frnk
s/ T[; dk g[s
Z o GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ j'fJnk i' f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/ye
j'fJnk.
fJXo gzikp ftu d'BK :'fXnK dh EK-EK uouk j' ojh ;h s/ w[rb
a
;oeko bJh pj[s tZvh tzrko ;h. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih
nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbD bJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ B/ w[rb
a K gk; ik u[rb
a h
ehsh s/ T[j cVQ/ rJ/. bkj"o ftu T[jBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukfVQnk frnk s/ nZs
d/ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih B/ eJh
;kb pjkdoh tkb/ ekoBkw/ ehs/. T[; B/ nB/eK gzE fto'Xh w[ypoK ~
;'fXnk. nzs okth ezY/ 1752 JhH ftu d[FwD Bkb fJe w[m
Z G/V d"okB nkg
B/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(124) r[owfs frnkB
fJjBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; jo :[r
Z ftu }kbw bJh bbeko j? s/
fJjBK dhnK tkoK i[rK i[rKsoK se rkJhnK iKdhnK ofjDrhnK.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L wZ;k ozx
z V e"D ;h <
T[& s
Z o L fJj wzfvnkbh fgzv dk u"Xoh ;h, fi; ~ }eohnk ]K B/ nzfwqs;o
dk e'stkb fB:[es ehsk. nmkothI ;dh d/ u"E/ djke/ ftu f;ZyK
T[& g
Z o ;]sh dk d"o ;h. fJj ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ftu gbzx vkj e/
p?fmnk ns/ j[e
Z k s/ Fokp ghIdk fojk. t/;tk dk Bku j'fJnk s/ fJ;
B/ jzeko ftu p/ndph ehsh.
gqFB 2 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ wfjskp f;zx e"D ;B ns/ T[j ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp fty/ fet/I gj[u
z / <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih wkVh ezpe
' h ns/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih Gzr{
whoKe'N d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B. T[j }[bw d/ d"o ftu phekB/o s'I gzikp
tZb nkJ/. T[jBK B/ G/; pdb e/ d' p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK x'fVnK
dhnK ekmhnK nZr/ oZy bJhnK ns/ ikgd/ ;B fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko
}whB dk wkwbk skoB nkJ/ jB.
gqFB 3 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/I
pdbk fbnk <
T[&s
Z o L fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id d'BI' f;zx ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp ih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J./ nkgD/ x'V/ doFBh fvT[Vh
d/ pkjo bkuh p/oh Bkb pzBQ fdZs./ mheohnK dhnK p'ohnK wZ;/ ozxV
gk; b? rJ/. id T[j gbzx #s/ p?mk wkwb/ tkbh p'oh tZb M[fenk sK
GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ s/r d/ fJe' NZe Bkb wZ;/ dh X"D bkj fdZsh.
fco T[; dk f;o b? e/ x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/.
gqFB 4 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh Fjhdh fet/I j'Jh <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (125)
T[& s
Z o L d'BI' f;zx wZ;k ozxV dk f;o b? e/ sK phekB/o ;[ofZ yns ub/ rJ/
;B. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbD
bJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ d'yh B/ u[rb
a h eoe/ fJBQK ~ geVk fdZsk.
bkj"o ftu w[rb
a K B/ fJjBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukVQ e/ ns/ nZs d/ s;hj/
d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih B/ pj[s
pjkdoh Go/ ekoBkw/ ehs/ ns/ 1752 JhH ~ fJe tko w[rb
a K dh w[m
Z G/V
ftu Fjhd j' rJ/.
gqFB 5 L f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ b/ye GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih Bkb GkJh wfjskp
f;zx ih dk eh foFsk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk ;g[s
Z o GkJh okfJ f;zx fJe w[m
Z G/V ftu
cZNV j' e/ th pu frnk ;h. T[; dh gkbDk g';Dk fJe ezp' fJ;soh
B/ ehsh. id T[j ftnkfjnk frnk sK T[; d/ xo osB f;zx Gzr{ ih
dk iBw j'fJnk. fJj f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/ye j'fJnk, fi;
B/ @gqkuhB gzE gqekF# fbfynk. fJ; ftu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I b? e/
f;Zy fw;bK dh j'Id se fJfsjk; j?. foFs/ ftu GkJh osB f;zx Gzr,{
GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk g'sok ;h.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(126) r[owfs frnkB
Cotw G`lUGwrw
S'Nk xZbx
{ kok (1746 JhH) L
;zB 1726 s'I 1745 se bkj"o dk ;{pd
/ ko }eohnk ]K fojk. fJ; B/
f;zxK T[& g
Z o pj[s }[bw ehs/. fJ; d/ gk; bygs okJ/ s/ i;gs okJ/ d' Gok
ebkB"o d/ yZsoh t\kdko B"eo ;B. }eohnk ]K B/ bygs okJ/ ~ nkgDk
t}ho pDk fbnk ns/ i;gs okJ/ ~ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko pDk fdZsk ;h.
}eohnk ]K dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o :jhnk ]K bkj"o dk ;{pd
/ ko
pD frnk. T[; B/ th bygs s/ i;gs gk; T[j' gdthnK ofjD fdZshnK.
:jhnk ]K th nkgD/ fgT[ tKr f;ZyK dk d[FwD jh fojk ns/ f;Zy th fJ;
~ t?oh jh ;wMd/ ;B.
fJj xNBk iBtoh 1746 JhH dh j?, id fJe fdB f;zxK dk fJe N'bk
w[rb
a f;gkjhnK d/ G/; ftu bkj"o w'oh dotk}/ okjhI ik dkyb j'fJnk.
T[jBK B/ bkj"o ~ uzrh soQK b[fZ Nnk. T[j uzrk wkb b[N
Z e/ Fkjh \"i d/ T[mD
s'I gfjbK jh okth ezY/ izrb ftu ik tV/. fJj ]po ;[D e/ :jhnk ]K nZr
pp{bk j' T[fmnk. T[; B/ nkgD/ dhtkB bygs okJ/ ~ j[ew ehsk fe w/o/
fJbke/ ftu'I f;zxK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk ikt/. bygs okJ/ \"i b? e/ f;zxK
d/ fgZS/ bZr frnk, go f;zx okth dk ezYk SZv e/ n?wBkpkd ~ ub/ rJ/.
fi; ;w/I f;zxK B/ bkj"o tZb n?wBkpkd dk o[] ehsk sK i;gs okJ/
n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. fe;/ B/ fJ; gk; fFekfJs ehsh fe d' j}ko
x'V-;tko f;zx ;kv/ fJbke/ ~ nk gJ/ jB. fJj ;[D e/ i;gs okJ/ B/ f;zxK
~ j[ew G/fink fe fJE'I fBeb ikU, BjhI sK w?I p[oh eoKrk. nZrI' f;zxK
B/ Bowh Bkb ;[Bj
/ k G/fink fe n;hI fJe oks eZN e/ ub/ ikDk j? ns/ s[jkv/
fJbke/ ftu fe;/ fe;w dh tXheh BjhI ehsh ikt/rh. i;gs okJ/ f;zxK
Bkb J/Bk fbjk} eoB tk;s/ th fsnko Bk j'fJnk. T[j r[;
aZ / ftu e[M \"i
b? e/ ns/ e[M wKrthI XkV d/ Bkb, jkEh T[& g
Z o ;tko j' e/ frnk. f;zxK ~
uko u[cf/ oT[I x/ok gk e/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. g{oh m[e e/ bVkJh j'Jh. i;gs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (127)
okJ/ jkEh T[& g
Z o p?mk jZb/ eotk fojk ;h. ubd/ :ZX
[ ftu GkJh fBpkj{ f;zx
ozxo/Nk, i;gs d/ jkEh dh g{S cVQ e/ T[& g
Z o uVQ frnk s/ T[; B/ i;gs
okJ/ dk f;o tZY fbnKdk. fJ; d/ f;o tZYD dh d/o ;h fe w[rb
a \"i s/
wKrthI XkV ;G fsZso fpso j' rJh. T[; d/ f;gkjhnK ~ i;gs dh b'E
th Bk u[e
Z D fdZsh. f;zxK B/ \sfj d/ Mzv/ rZv fdZs./ fco i;gs d/ r[o{
pkpk feogk okw B/ gzi ;" o[gJ/ f;zxK ~ G/Nk eoe/ T[; dk tZfYnk f;o
tkg; fbnk. fJj xNBk cotoh-wkou 1746 JhH dh j?. fco f;zxK B/
n?wBkpkd ~ fdb y'bQ e/ b[fZ Nnk ns/ okth ezY/ MZb ftu ik gj[u
z ./
fJj nfijk fJbkek ;h, fiZE/ nZr/ gjkV, bfjzd/ tZb okth dfonk,
uVQd/ pzB/ fpnk; s/ fJe gk;/ Fkjh \"i ;h. f;zxK B/ okth gko eoB dk
:sB ehsk. gkDh dh vzx
{ kJh goyD bJh d' :'fXnK B/ okth ftu x'V/ m/bQ
fdZs,/ go T[j x'fVnK ;w/s gkDh ftu o[VQ rJ/. id e[M f;zx p;"bh s/ em{J/
tZb rJ/ sK nZrI' okig{sK B/ w[ekpbk ehsk ns/ i/ eo e[M f;zx gjkVK tZb
fBeb/ sK gjkVhnK B/ jZbk eo fdZsk. j[D f;zxK B/ \?;bk ehsk fe nkjw'
;kjwD/ j' e/ bVhJ/ ns/ d[FwDK ftu'I okj pDk e/ nZr/ fBeb iktKr/.
f;ZyK dk w[y
Z iZEk GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m bfVnk. T[j
;?IefVnK dh frDsh ftu eZN wo/ ns/ T[jBK ftu'I e[M e?dh th pDk bJ/
rJ/. GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx B/ }]wh bZs gZr gkV e/ x'V/ dh ekmh Bkb pZXh ns/
fco th sbtko ubkT[Idk fojk. fJE/ fGnkBe :[X
Z j'fJnk. ;ko/ f;Zy iE/
uVQdh ebk Bkb bV/ ns/ d[FwD d/ nkj{ bkj ;[N
Z ./ pj[s f;zx FjhdhnK
gk rJ/. e[M f;zx d[FwD dhnK \"iK ~ uhod/ wzvh s/ e[b
Z { tZb ub/ rJ/. e[M
bVd/ fGVd/ fpnk; gko eoe/ d[nkp/ ik gj[u
z / ns/ eJh okth gko eoe/
r[odk;g[o d/ fonkVeh fJbke/ ftu ub/ rJ/. T[& g
Z o'I i/m dk wjhBk s/ nZs
dh rowh ;h. g?db f;zxK d/ sZgdh o/s B/ g?o b{j ;[N
Z / ns/ T[jBK B/ eZgV/
gkV e/ g?oK Bkb pZX./ pj[s f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/ s/ pkeh tZy-tZy fdFktK ~
fBeb rJ/. j[D bygs s/ :jhnk ]K nkgDh \"i ;w/s bkj"o ub/ rJ/. fJ;
:[X
Z ftu bygs dk g[s
Z o joGi okJ/ ns/ :jhnk ]K dk g[s
Z o Bkjo ]K th
wko/ rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (129)
fJ; ftu ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/
bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.
ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j?, i' ekdhnK s'I
uko e'j gjkV tZb j?. ekj~tkB ftu nekbh bfjo d/ fgZSI' nekbh iZE/
B/, fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ Fjhd f;zxK dh
:kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko
B/ fJE/ ;zB 2011 ftu Fjhdh ;wkoe pDkfJnk, i' ofjzdh d[BhnK se
;z;ko Go d/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk <
T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB d/ fJbke/ ftu
tkgfonk. fJ; ftu bygs okJ/ s/ :jhnk ]K B/ f;zxK T[& g
Z o jwbk
ehsk.
gqFB 2 L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok tkgoB dk eh ekoB pfDnK <
T[& s
Z o L iBtoh 1746 JhH dh xNBk j? fe f;zxK dk fJe ek\bk n?wBkpkd
tZb frnk. i;gs okJ/ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. T[; B/ jzeko ftu
f;zxK T[& g
Z o jZbk p'b fdZsk s/ fJ; izr ftu i;gs okJ/ wkfonk frnk.
fco T[; d/ Gok bygs okJ/ B/ pdb/ dh GktBk Bkb f;zxK T[& g
Z o tZvk
jwbk ehsk.
gqFB 3 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I ]kb;k \"i ftu fejV/-fejV/ iE/ ;B <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I f;zxK d/ db ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH B"X f;zx
F[eouZehnk, ;qH ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp' ns/ ;qH r[ofdnkb f;zx
vZbt
/ kbhnk d/ iE/ ;B.
gqFB 4 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu f;ZyK dk fezBk e[ ikBh B[e;kB j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu seohpB ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(130) r[owfs frnkB
j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/ bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/
d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. fJ; soQK e[b
Z d; j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J./
gqFB 5 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ dk ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB fty/ tkgfonk.
ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j? i' ekdhnK s'I uko
e'j gjkV tZb j?. fJE/ nekbh bfjo d/ fgZSI' nekbh iE/ B/ fJbke/
dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco
2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd
ftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj ofjzdh d[BhnK se ;z;ko Go
d/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (131)
v`fw G`lUGwrw
tZvk xZbx
{ kok (1762 JhH) L
nmkothI ;dh dk f;Zy fJfsjk; tZv/ ;zxoF, izrK, ;kfenK s/
xZbx
{ kfonK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. fJ; ;dh ftu S'Nk xZbx
{ kok i{B 1746
ftu tkgfonk ns/ tZvk xZbx
{ kok cotoh 1762 ftu tkgfonk. xZbx
{ kok dk
noE, spkjh iK popkdh j?. S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu d; j}ko d/ eohp f;zx
Fjhd j'J/ ns/ tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu shj j}ko f;zx, f;zxDhnK, pZu/ s/ p}[or
Fjhd j'J./ fJ; bJh f;Zy e"w dh J/B/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ j'Jh esb/nkw s/
FjhdhnK ~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk frnk.
tZvk xZbx
{ kok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk L
tZvk xZbx
{ kok tkgoB s'I gfjbK fJ; d/; dk wzdk jkb ;h. BkdoFkj
s/ nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ jwfbnK B/ w[rb
a ;kwoki s/ wojZfNnK dh
Fesh ~ sfj; Bfj; eo fdZsk ;h. 1761 JhH ~ npdkbh B/ wojZfNnK ~
gkDhgs d/ w?dkB ftu p[oh soQK e[ub fdZsk ;h. T[; B/ y{p bZN
[ wko ehsh,
go id tkg; w[fVnk sK f;zxK B/ nkgDh j'Id dk nfj;k; eokT[D bJh
T[; dk ;sb[i s'I nNe se fgZSk eoe/ szr th ehsk ns/ T[; dh b[N
Z th
ehsh. Gkos dhnK pkJh ;" w[fNnkoK ~ T[; e'bI' S[vtk e/ xo' xoh
gj[u
z kfJnk. npdkbh d/ nNe dfonk gko eofdnK jh f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nrtkJh j/m bkj"o #s/ ep}k eo fbnk ns/ f;Zek
th ubkfJnk. nes{po 1761 ~ T[jBK nzfwqs;o ftu/ dhtkbh th X{w Xkw
Bkb wBkJh. ;opZs ]kb;k B/ fJj th r[owsk ;'fXnk fe npdkbh d/
jwkfJshnK ~ fNekD/ bkfJnk ikt/. fJ; ftu gfjbk Bzpo nkeb dk;
izfvnkbhJ/ dk jh bZfrnk. ]kb;/ B/ izfvnkb/ ~ x/ok gk fbnk. T[; B/
:edw npdkbh ~ fuZmh G/ih. fJXo ]kb;/ ~ ;{j fwb rJh sK T[jBK B/
gfotkoK ~ ;[ofZ yns EktK #s/ gj[u
z kT[D bJh x/ok u[e
Z fdZsk ns/ ;ofjzd
tZb ub/ rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(132) r[owfs frnkB
id f;zxK dh fJ; uVQs dh ;{j npdkbh ~ gj[u
z h sK T[j f;zxK dh
b[N
Z wko s'I d[yh sK gfjbK jh ;h. j[D T[j f;Zy Fesh ~ e[ubD bJh uVQ
fgnk. npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[& s
Z / S/tK jwbk ;h i' T[; B/ f;ZyK ~ ]sw
eoB bJh jh ehsk ;h.
T[Xo npdkbh ~ nkgDh fiZs T[s/ g{ok jzeko ;h ns/ T[j f;ZyK dh
j'Id ~ w[ew
z b ]sw eoB bJh nkfJnk ;h. fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[y
Z
ioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQs
f;zx F[eouZehnk, ;H Fkw f;zx s/ pkeh ;odkoK B/ ftuko ehsh fe
npdkbh Bkb f;ZXh NZeo b?D s'I gfjbK nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ poBkbk fty/
gj[u
z k d/JhJ/. T[E/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki ;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (133)
pZu/ s/ n"osK ;[ofZ yns j'Dr/, go npdkbh s{\kB dh soQK wko' wko eodk
nk frnk. f;zxK B/ nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ ftueko b? e/ T[jBK d[nkb/ i[Mko{
f;zxK dk x/ok xZs fbnk ns/ izr dh ewkB ;zGkb bJh. ni/ ]kb;k db
e[M d{o jh frnk ;h fe ndpkbh d/ ioB?b g{o/ i'F Bkb NZN
[ e/ g? rJ/.
j[D f;zx nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ th pukT[Id/ s/ d[FwD Bkb th i{Md/ ;B. fJ;
soQK f;zxK dk pj[s B[e;kB j'fJnk. fco f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/
d/ ;[Mkn T[& g
Z o g{o/ i'F Bkb ob e/ npdkbh dh \"i T[& g
Z o jwbk ehsk sK
T[; dhnK \"iK s'pk s'pk eo T[mhnK.
seohpB thj whb d/ fJbke/ ftu bVh rJh fJ; fGnkBe izr ftu
npdkbh dh \"i B/ g{oh p/ofjwh Bkb esb/nkw ehsk. oks g?D se f;zxK
B/ thj whb ;\o sfj eo fbnk ;h. npdkbh dhnK \"iK th uko fdBK dh
bVkJh ftu EZe e/ u{o j' rJhnK ;B. npdkbh th ;'u fojk ;h fe f;ZyK
~ ysw eoBk T[; d/ tZ; dh rZb BjhI. nzs fgzv e[spk pkjwDhnK B/V/ fJe
Ykp #s/ ik e/ \"iK o[ehnK. fJE/ Ykp d/ fJe gk;/ f;zxK B/ gkDh gh e/ fgnk;
p[MkJh ns/ d{i/ gk;/ n\rkB \"ih gkDh gh oj/ ;B. fJE/ n\rkBh \"iK o[e
rJhnK ns/ f;zx nkgDh puh tjho ~ b? e/ oks' oks poBkb/ ub/ rJ/. fJj
5 cotoh dh izr F[o{ j'Jh 8 cotoh ~ ]sw j'Jh. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu fJ;
~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk iKdk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(134) r[owfs frnkB
Gkt sZs ]kb;k ni/ uVQdh ebk ftu j? s/ ni/ sK y'N jh frnk j?.
fJj izr fezBh fGnkBe ;h fe id'I izr ]sw j'Jh sK ;qH iZ;k f;zx
nkjb{tkbhJ/ d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o sbtkoK d/ 22 cZN ;B ns/ ;qH uVQs f;zx
F[eouZehJ/ d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o 19 cZN ;B.
T[Xo npdkbh 3 wkou ~ bkj"o tkg; ubk frnk ns/ nkgDk gqGkt
gkT[D bJh bVkJh ftu wko/ rJ/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ 50 rZv/ bZd e/ bkj"o b?
frnk. esb j'J/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ whBko T[;ko/ rJ/.
tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ dk ;EkB wb/o e'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZb
d' Bro e[g
Z s/ ojhVk jB, i' B/V/ B/V/ jB. fJj f}bQk ;zro{o ftu g?Id/ jB.
fJE/ gfjbK fgzv e[g
Z fty/ fJe eko ;/tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp
fsnko eotkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/
tZvx
/ b
Z x
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDtkfJnk. fJj
:kdrkoK i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se e"wh tko;K ~ nkgD/ i'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkb
i'V e/ oZyDrhnK.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (135)
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) tZvk xZbx
{ kok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk < fJ; ;zpX
z h ukBDk
gkU.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L tZvk xZbx
{ kok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk ns/ fJ; ftu fezB/ f;Zy
Fjhd j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ e[g
Z ojhV/ fty/ tkgfonk.
nfjwdFkj npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[s/ S/tK jwbk ;h i' f;Zy Fesh
~ ]sw eoB bJh ehsk. fJ; ftu 30 j}ko d/ eohp f;Zy Fjhd j'J./
gqFB 2 L tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I npdkbh dk Nkeok eoB tkb/ fejV/ f;Zy
ioB?b ;B <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[y
Z ioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk,
;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQs f;zx F[eouZehnk (fJj wjkokik
oDihs f;zx ih dk dkdk ;h), ;qH Fkw f;zx s/ j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;odko
;B.
gqFB 3 L tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I f;zx poBkb/ feT[I gj[u
z Dk ukjzd
[ / ;B <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I f;zx, npdkbh Bkb NZeo sK b?Dh ukjzd
[ / ;B, go T[jBK
d/ pkb-pZu/ s/ n"osK th Bkb ;B. poBkb/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki
;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/ ;kv/ gfotko ;[ofZ yns ofjDr/ ns/
fco n;hI f;ZXh NZeo btKr/.
gqFB 4 L npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[go jwbk feT[I ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok cotoh 1762 ~ tkgfonk s/ ]kb;k gzE B/ ng?b
q d/
wjhB/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp fty/ ft;kyh dk w/bk wBkfJnk. T[;~
ikfgnk fe f;ZyK dh Fesh dk e/Ido jfowzdo j? s/ id se jfowzdo
;kfjp j? sd se fJjBK dh pjkdoh s/ Fesh ]sw BjhI j' ;edh.
xZbx
{ ko/ s'I pknd T[j ni/ bkj"o mfjfonk ;h. T[; B/ fco ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj fdZsh s/ ;o'to g{o fdZsk.
gqFB 5 L fiZE/ tZvk xZbx
{ kok tkgfonk T[j ;EkB feZE/ j? s/ fejVh :kdrko
pDh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(136) r[owfs frnkB
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ tkgfonk ;h. fJj ;EkB
wb/oe'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZb fgzv e[g
Z f}bQk ;zro{o
ftu j?. eZg
[ s/ ojhVk d' fgzv B/V-
/ B/V/ jB. fJE/ gfjbK fJe eko ;/
tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDtkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftu
gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu
@Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj :kdrkoK i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se e"wh
tko;K ~ nkgD/ :'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkb i'V e/ oZyDrhnK.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (137)
f;Z y fw;bK L
AwhlUvwlIAw imsl
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dk f;Zy gzE ftu
seVk ;EkB ;h. fJ; fw;b dk w'Yh ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ;h. ;qH
iZ;k f;zx dk iBw f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ 3 wJh 1718 JhH ftu
;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx ih @nkjb{# fgzv d/ j'D eoe/
T[jBK ~ nkjb{tkbhnk efjD bZr gJ/. nkg dh T[wo jkb/ gzi e[ ;kb dh
;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wksk s/ wkwk pkx f;zx
nkg ~ r[o{ xo dh FoXk eoe/ d;w gksFkj ih dh ;[gsBh wksk ;[d
z oh
ih gk; fdZbh b? e/ rJ/. nkg dk pkbgB fdZbh jh phfsnk. T[E/ r[ow[yh
s/ \ko;h GkFk d/ Bkb Bkb nkg B/ r[opkDh s/ r[o-fJfsjk; pko/ u'yk
frnkB gqkgs ehsk. id itkB j'J/ sK 1735 JhH ftu wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/
fJjBK ~ gzE dh ;fsekos j;sh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/fink. fJjBK
gk;'I jh nkg B/ nzfwqs Sfenk ns/ jo gqeko d/ r[D gqkgs ehs/.
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ nmkothI ;dh ftu j'J/ f;Zy ;zxoF
ftu pj[s jh wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk. nkg ni/ thj e[ ;kbK d/ ;B
id BkdoFkj dh w[Vdh j'Jh \"i T[s/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m
\"i T[s/ jZbk p'fbnk s/ eoko/ jZE ftykJ/. ;zB 1745 ftu nkg B/ nkgDk
;[ss
z o iZEk pDkfJnk. id 1746 ftu S'Nk xZbx
{ kok tkgfonk sK nkg B/
seVh phosk fdykJh, feT[Ife T[; ;w/I f;Zy uko/ gkf;T[I jh fxo rJ/ ;B.
id 1748 JhH ftu t?;kyh tkb/ fdB 65 f;Zy iZfEnK ~ fwbk e/ Btkp
eg{o f;zx ih B/ ;ko/ gzE dh fJe iE/pd
z h db ]kb;k pDkJh sK ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;op ;zwsh Bkb iE/dko u[fDnK frnk. fco T[; d/
wsfjs frnkoK fw;bK pDkJhnK rJhnK. pkjothI fw;b c{behnk fJjBK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(138) r[owfs frnkB
frnkoK s'I tZyoh ;h, fi; dk pkBh ;qH nkbk f;zx gfNnkbk ;h.
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK #s/ pDh. T[IM fJfsjk;ekoK
nB[;ko iE/ dk pkBh ;qH pkx f;zx ih i' ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ dk wkwk
;h. id ifEnK dh EK fw;bK pDhnK sK fw;b dk iE/dko ;qH iZ;k f;zx
Ekfgnk frnk. ;qH pkx f;zx d/ e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI ;h s/ T[; dh w"s s'I pknd
;koh ikfJdkd dk wkbe ;qH iZ;k f;zx pfDnK.
nes{po 1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB ;w{j gzE B/ \?;bk ehsk fe
bkj"o #s/ ep}k ehsk ikt/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{pd
/ ko T[pd
?
]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDk
fdZsk. Fkjh Ne;kb T[s/ ep}k eoe/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK T[& s
Z / f;Zek th ubk
fdZsk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b (139)
pkpk nNb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk. nkg T[& u
Z / bzw/ doFBh f;zx
;B s/ ;koh T[wo raohpK d/ jwdod oj/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dhnK d' bVehnK
;B, fJ; bJh T[jBK s'I pknd nkg dk uu/ok Gok ;qH Gkr f;zx fw;bdko
pfDnK. Gkr f;zx dh 1801 ftu w"s j' rJh sK T[; dk bVek \s/ f;zx
fw;b dh rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJj wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk gZr tN fwZso
;h s/ ;dk jh t\kdko fojk. id fJj 1837 JhH ftu ubkDk eo frnk sK
fJjBK dk g[s
Z o ;qH fBjkb f;zx ikrho dk wkbe pfDnK. wjkokik B/
fBjkb f;zx ~ eg{oEb/ dk okik pDk fdZsk. ;zB 1846 ftu nzro/}K s/ f;ZyK
dh izr ;w/I eg{oEbk fonk;s nzro/} ;oeko dh ;ogq;sh j/m nk rJh.
nzro/}K s/ f;ZyK dh d{ih izr ;w/I okik fBjkb f;zx B/ nzro/}K dh wdd
ehsh. ;zB 1852 ftu okik fBjkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o ;qH
oDXho f;zx eg{oEb/ dk okik pfDnK. 1870 ftu oDXho f;zx dh w"s s'I
fgS'I T[jBK dk bVek yVe f;zx rZdh #s/ p?mk. 1877 ftu yVe f;zx dh
w"s s'I fgZSI' T[jBK dk 5 ;kb dk bVek irsihs f;zx oki rZdh #s/ p?mk.
fJjBK d/ oki ekb ftu eg{oEbk fonk;s dk seVk ftek; j'fJnk.
1948 ftu fJ; fonk;s ~ g?g;{ ftu Fkwb eo fbnk s/ wjkokik
irsihs f;zx ~ T[g-oki gqwy
Z[ pDkfJnk frnk. ;zB 1949 ftu fJjBK
dh w"s s'I pknd fJjBK dk bVek gowihs f;zx oki ;Zsk dk nfXekoh
pD frnk. id 1955 ftu fJjBK dh w"s j'Jh sK nkg dk bVek ;[yihs
f;zx oki gfotko dk w[yh pfDnK. 1 Btzpo 1956 ~ g?g;{ ~ gzikp ftu
;w' fdZsk frnk sK gzikp dhnK fonk;sK dh j'Id ;EkJh s"o #s/ ]sw j'
rJh.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(140) r[owfs frnkB
isMGpurIAw imsl
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftZuI' fJe fw;b f;zxg[ohnk fw;b d/ BkT[I
Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; dh ;EkgBk eoB tkbk Btkp eg{o f;zx ;h. ;qH
eg{o f;zx dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/yg
{ o
[ d/ fJbke/ fgzv ekb/e/ fty/ u"Xoh
dbhg f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. id nkg itkBh dh T[wo/ gzEe ekoiK ftu bZr/
sK fJjBK B/ nzfwqs;o d/ B}dhe c?}b
[ k ]kB tb'I t;kJ/ j'J/ \?}b
[ kg[ok
BkT[I d/ e;p/ T[& g
Z o ep}k eo fbnk ns/ T[; dk BK @f;zxg[ok# oZfynk.
fJjBK d/ iZE/ ~ f;zxg[ohnK dk iZEk fejk iKdk ;h. fco fJ;/ jh BK T[& s
Z /
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b ekfJw j'Jh. e[M fJfsjk;eko fJ; ~ \?}b
[ kg[oh fw;b
th efjzd/ jB. ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dhnK pugB s'I jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B.
fJjBK B/ 1721 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ t?;kyh #s/ j'J/ nzfwqs ;zuko ;w/I
GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ jZEI' nzfwqsgkB ehsk. Go itkBh dh T[wo ftu fJjBK
B/ fgzv-fgzv nB/eK B"itkBK ~ g/o
q e/ f;zx ;ikfJnk. fJjBK dhnK i[Mko{
o[uhnK s/ e"wh fgnko eoe/ ;fsr[oK dh feogk Bkb f;Zy gzE ftu seVh
j'Id pDh.
1733 JhH ~ t?;kyh #s/ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZso
j'fJnk. }eohnk ]K ;{pd
/ ko bkj"o tb'I ;qH ;[pr
/ f;zx @Btkph# dk f]skp
s/ ikrho dk gNk b? e/ nkfJnk. bzph ftuko s'I pknd gzE B/ ;zrs ftu gZyk
MZb oj/ ;qH eg{o f;zx ih ~ Btkph dh f]bns (g'Fke) ;op ;zwsh Bkb
d/ fdZsh. T[; fdB s'I pknd nkg Btkp eg{o f;zx eoe/ gqf;ZX j'J./
1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ns/ 7 nes{po 1753 JhH
~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg B/ nekb ubkD/ s'I gfjbK
fJe gzEe fJeZm p[bk e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ gzEe iE/dkoh ;"Ig
fdZsh ;h. Btkp eg{o f;zx d/ e'Jh n"bkd BjhI ;h. fJjBK s'I pknd
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[y
Z h ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx pfDnK. id npdkbh B"tI/
jwb/ fgZSI' tkg; frnk sK f;zxK B/ Bt/I fJbke/ wZbD/ F[o{ eo fdZs./ j[D
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b gk; th ek\h fJbke/ ;B. ibzXo s/ j[fFnkog[o d/ e[M
fjZ;,/ ibzXo d[nkp ftu ykgVy/Vh, f;zxg[ok, pkoh d[nkp ftu np'jo,
nkdwg[o, SZs pB{V, GosrVQ, nNZbrVQ nkfd. ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx wkbt/
dhnK nB/e w[fjzwK ftu Fkwb fojk. fJjBK dh 1795 JhH ~ w"s j' rJh
s/ fco T[; dk g[s
Z o ;qH p[X
Z f;zx, f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[yh pfDnK.
;qH p[X
Z f;zx B/ fJe fJfsjk;e tke ~ ;Zu ehsk fe id'I gzuw
gksFkj ih B/ ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp dk ;o'to pDkT[D bJh fJZNK
gekJhnK sK fJbke/ dk u"Xoh B{odhB XZe/ Bkb u[etk e/ nkgD/ fgzv ;okJ/
B{odhB b? frnk ;h. T[; B/ fJjBK fJZNK d/ nkgD/ wekB pDtk bJ/ ;B.
;fsr[oK B/ puB ehsk fe ed/ e'Jh ;kvk f;Zy fJj fJZNK jZE' jZE fbnk e/
fco ;o'to pDkt/rk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx f;zxg[ohnk T[& g
Z o ;fsr[oK dh feogk
j'Jh s/ puB g{ok j'fJnk. T[jBK B/ B{odhB d/ wekB Ykj e/ T[j' fJZNK ;qh
soB skoB ;kfjp fbnk e/ ;o'to pDtkfJnk.
;qH p[X
Z f;zx gfjbK e[M ;wK sK wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk ;fj:'rh
fojk, go pknd ftu pkrh j' frnk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx dh fw;b d/ fJbke/
;sb[i d/ d'BI' gk;/ ;B. ;sb[i s'I ;Zi/ gk;/ dk ;kok fJbkek F/o/ gzikp
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(142) r[owfs frnkB
B/ f;Zy oki ftu fwbk fbnk ns/ ;sb[i s'I gko tkb/ fJbke/ ~ ;wK gk e/
nzro/}K B/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo fbnk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx ih ;zB 1816 ftu
nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJ; soQK fJ; fw;b dh j'Id ]sw j' rJh. ;qH p[X
Z
f;zx d/ ;Zs bVe/ ;B. fJjBK dh ;zskB wB"bh tkb/ ;odkoK ti'I ikDh
iKdh ojh j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b (143)
rwmgVIH Aw imsl
okwrVQhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I fJe fw;b okwrVQhnk fw;b d/ BkT[I
Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; fw;b dh ;EkgBk ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ ehsh. ;qH iZ;k
f;zx d/ dkdk ;qH jodk; f;zx B/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'I nzfwqs Sfenk
;h. jodk; f;zx dk g[s
Z o GrtkB f;zx ;h, fi; d/ gzi g[s
Z o ;B—i?
f;zx, iZ;k f;zx, y[Fjkb f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx. fJjBK ftu'I ;qH
iZ;k f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx fszB/ Gok ;qH Bzd f;zx ;KxDhnK d/ iE/
ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. ;qH Bzd f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd ;qH iZ;k f;zx iE/ dk
iE/dko pfDnk.
;zB 1748 ftu nkgDh ;[ofZ ynk bJh f;zxK B/ nzfwqs;o ftu fJe eZuh
tbrD fsnko ehsh s/ T[; dk BK okwokT[Dh oZfynk. id who wz~ d/ j[ew
Bkb ndhBk p/r B/ okwokT[Dh #s/ jwbk ehsk sK ;qH iZ;k f;zx T[; ;w/I
ndhBk p/r dh B"eoh eod/ ;B. ;qH iZ;k f;zx gfjbK d/ r[;
aZ / frb/ fsnkr
e/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb f;zxK Bkb nk fwb/. fJ; ;w/I dhtkB e"Vk wZb B/
okwokT[Dh dk \"ih x/ok T[mk e/ f;zxK Bkb ;[bkQ eotk fdZsh ;h. fco
okwokT[Dh d/ ;EkB #s/ fJe febQ/ dh T[;koh ehsh rJh ns/ fJ; dk BK u"E/
gksFkj ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ Bkw #s/ okwrVQ oZfynk frnk. gzE B/ fJj
febQk ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ jtkb/ ehsk. id fco fw;bK dh ;EkgBk j'Jh sK
;qH iZ;k f;zx dh fw;b ~ okwrVQhnk fw;b dk BK fdZsk frnk.
;qH iZ;k f;zx soykD f;Zy ;h, fJ; bJh ;ko/ jh soykD f;Zy fco
nkgD/ nkg ~ okwrVQhJ/ nytkT[D bZr gJ/. okwrVQhnk fw;b ~ soBk
db ftu Fkwb ehsk frnk.
;qH iZ;k f;zx F[o{ s'I jh seVk pjkdo s/ fBvo i'Xk ;h. r[o{ Go';/ tkbk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(144) r[owfs frnkB
s/ r[opkDh dk B/wh ;h. nkgDh pjkdoh ekoB db ]kb;k ftu fJjBK dk
ftF/F ;EkB pD frnk. nkg jo gzEe w[fjzw ftu nZr/ j' e/ i{M./ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx B/ eBQJhnk fw;b d/ ;odko i? f;zx Bkb fwb e/ r[odk;g[o f}bQ/ dk
pj[s ;kok fJbkek fiZfsnk s/ nkgDh fw;b dh fonk;s ekfJw ehsh.
1764 JhH ftu id f;ZyK B/ }?B ]K ~ wko e/ ;ojzd dk fJbkek tzfvnk sK
okwrVQhnk fw;b B/ T[; ftu'I fJbkek BjhI wZfbnk ;r'I T[jBK B/
fonkVeh s/ fpnk; d/ d'jhI gk;hI ek\h fJbkek nkD wZfbnk ;h. ;zB 1769
ftu fJjBK gk; d; bZy dk fJbkek ;h.
okwrVQhnk fw;b B/ j'oBK fw;bdkoK Bkb fwb e/ nfjwdFkj
npdkbh Bkb eJh bVkJhnK bVhnK. ;zB 1776 fty ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk
s/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nkg;h NZeo j' rJh sK fJ; NZeo ftu
okwrVQhJ/ p[oh soQK jko rJ/ s/ fco fj;ko tZb ub/ rJ/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ fj;ko
d/ jkew ~ esb eoe/ fJe gzvs dhnK d' bVehnK S[vkJhnK. fJe tkoh
fdZbh #s/ jwbk eoe/ w[rb
a K dhnK uko s'gK y'j fbnkfJnk.
1783 JhH ftu iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh w"s s'I pknd ;qH
okwrVQhnk gzikp tZb gos nkJ/. fco fJjBK B/ r[odk;g[o, ibzXo
f}fbQnK d/ eJh fJbke/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo bJ/ ns/ eKrVk, B{og[o,
wzvh s/ uzp/ d/ gjkVh okfinK s'I f]oki (N?e;) b?Id/ ;B.
;zB 1803 ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk nekb ubkDk eo rJ/.
T[jBK s'I pknd T[jBK dk bVek ;qH i'X f;zx okwrVQhnk fw;b dk nkr{
pfDnK. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh w"s s'I gfjbK jh fJ; fonk;s dk ek\h fjZ;k ;dk
e"o d/ ep}/ ftu nk frnk ;h, i' eBQJhnk fw;b dh nkr{ ;h. fJ; bJh
;qH i'X f;zx B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh B"eoh eo bJh. ;szpo 1815 JhH
ftu ;qH i'X f;zx nekb ubkDk eo frnk. T[; d/ e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI ;h, fJ;
bJh T[; d/ tko;K dh nkg; ftu bVkJh fSV gJh. wjkokik oDihs f;zx
B/ T[; dk ofjzdk fJbkek th }ps eoe/ nkgDh fonk;s ftu fwbk fbnk.
i'X f;zx dh ftXtk s/ d' j'o dknt/dko tho f;zx s/ dhtkB f;zx ~ ikrho
d/ fdZsh. fJ; soQK okwrVQhnk fw;b dh j'Id jh ]sw j' rJh. nzfwqs;o
ftu okwrVQhnK dk eNVk s/ p[r
z k gqf;ZX jB.
T[Xo'I bkj"o d/ ;{p/ ~ th ;{j fwb rJh fe f;Zy dhtkbh d/ ;w/I ;qh
nzfwqs;o fty/ fJeZm/ j' oj/ jB. T[jB/ bkj"o ftu ijkd dk n?bkB ehsk.
11 Btzpo 1757 JhH ~ r'bt
Q V d/ e'b ijkB ]kB s/ ]kb;k \"i dh f;ZXh
NZeo j'Jh. f;zx ;fji/-;fji/ bVd/ nrKj tXd/ rJ/. id pkpk ih okw;o
;kfjp tkb/ ;EkB se gjzu
[ / sK d'BK ioB?bK ijkB ]kB s/ pkpk dhg f;zx
ih dh f;ZXh NZeo j'Jh. n?;k ;KMk tko j'fJnk fe d'jK ioB?bK d/ f;o bZE
rJ/. fJE'I pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ brGr tZy j' u[e
Z / ;h; ~ yZp/ jZE Bkb
;KfGnk s/ fco bVd/ j'J/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp ih dh gqeowk ftu gj[u
z e/
nkgDh ehsh j'Jh nodk; d/ p'b g[rkJ/ ns/ Fjhdh gk rJ/. pkpk dhg f;zx
ih dk Fjhdh p[r
z k ;qh dopko ;kfjp dh gqeowk ftu pfDnK. nkg ih dk
Fjhd rzi ;qh okw;o ;kfjp gk; j?, fiE/ nkg dh d/j dk ;;eko ehsk
frnk ;h.
pkpk dhg f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;qH ;Zdk f;zx fw;b d/ w[yh
pD/. ;zB 1762 ftu de'j/ gk; gmkDK Bkb bVd/ ;Zdk f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/
sK fw;b dk w[yh eow f;zx pfDnK. fw;b FjhdK ftu T[j Bkwto
;odko j'fJnk. tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu T[j pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bfVnk. id'I
p[Y
Z k db s/ soBk db d' iZE/ pD rJ/ sK fJj fw;b p[Y
Z k db ftu Fkwb
j' rJh. id iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;ojzd dh bVkJh ftu }?B ]K ~ wko e/
f;zxK B/ T[; d/ fJbke/ T[& g
Z o ep}k ehsk sK fw;b FjhdK gk; uzr/ fJbke/
nk rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
fw;b FjhdK (147)
;zB 1784 ftu ;qH eow f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk tZvk g[s
Z o
;qH r[bkp f;zx fw;b FjhdK dk w[yh pfDnK. ;zB 1809 ftu nzro/}h
;oeko B/ wkbt/ dhnK ;kohnK fonk;sK nkgD/ nXhB oZfynk ftu b?
bJhnK. ;zB 1844 ftu r[bkp f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd, fJjBK gk; i'
irho ;h, T[; dk wkbe fFtfeogkb f;zx pD frnk. fJj nzro/} ;oeko
dh wdd eodk fojk. fw;b FjhdK dh j'Id sK 1809 ftu jh ]sw j'
rJh. ;zB 1871 ftu fFtfeogkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk g[s
Z o
;qH ihtB f;zx ikrho dk tko; pfDnK. fJj xokDk Fkj}kdg[ohJ/ ;odko
nytkT[Idk j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(148) r[owfs frnkB
e[ M ftfFnK dk nfXn? B L
gurduAwry
r[od[nkok L—
f;Zy gzE s/ f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dk pj[s fBnkok
s/ T[& u
Z k ;EkB j?. r[od[nkok s'I Gkt, @r[o{ dk xo, r[o{ d/ okjhI, r[o{ dh
wko\s nkfd.# f;Zy gzE ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp fe;/ Fpd d/ noEK se jh
;hws BjhI j? ;r'I f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrN
eodk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(150) r[owfs frnkB
★
;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih ~ nodk;k ;'X e/ gqekF ehsk ikt/. gqekF eoB
t/b/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ftu'I fJe Fpd dk tke fbnk ikt/.
★
id ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh ;tkoh nkt/ sK Gkt/I nZr/ gqekF j'fJnk
j't/ iK Bk, jo fJe f;Zy ~ ;BwkB bJh T[& m
Z yb'Dk ukjhJ/.
★
r[od[nko/ nzdo ikD bZfrnK i'V/ pkjo bkj e/, ;[Eok j' e/ ikDk
ukjhJ/, i/ g?o w?b/ iK rzd/ j'D, sK ib Bkb X' b?D/ ukjhJ/. ;qh r[o{
rzE
q ;kfjp ih nEtk r[od[nko/ ~ nkgD/ ;Zi/ gk;/ oZy e/ gqeowk
eoBh ukjhJ/.
★
r[od[nko/ nzdo doFBK bJh ikD bJh fe;/ d/F, w}Qp, ikfs tkb/
~ wBkjh BjhI, go T[; d/ gk; f;Zy Xow s'I fttofis, swke{ nkfd
e'Jh uh} BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh.
★
r[od[nko/ nzdo ik e/ f;Zy dk gfjbk eow ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih nZr/
wZEk N/eDk j?. T[gs
qz r[o{ o{g ;kX ;zrs d/ doFB eo e/ ;fji Bkb
@tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj# p[bkJh ikt/.
★
;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-
Bhu dk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk.
★
fe;/ wB[y
Z dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I iK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D,
e[o;h, u"eh, wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDk iK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDk
wBwZs j?.
★
;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDk
ukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;Zy fJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[v
z eZYDk
r[owfs fto[X
Z j?.
★
jo fJe r[od[nko/ ftu fBFkB ;kfjp fe;/ T[& u
Z h EK #s/ bZrk j't./
fBFkB ;kfjp d/ g[Fke/ dk ozr p;zsh iK ;[owJh j't/ ns/ fBFkB
;kfjp d/ f;o/ T[& s
Z / ;opb'j dk Gkbk iK yzvk j't./
★
r[od[nko/ ftu Brkok j't,/ i' ;w/I f;o tikfJnk ikt/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) r[od[nko/ s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nko/
f;ob/y j/m o'}kBk dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko
;pzXh eh T[gd/F j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[od[nko/ (151)
muKvwk lYx dI ivDI
w[ytke, tke b?Dk iK j[ew b?Dk ;G dk Gkt fJe jh j? fe ;qh r[o{
rzE
q ;kfjp ih ftu'I fgnko GktBk Bkb fJe Fpd dk gkm ;[DBk iK eoBk.
T[Ii sK ;w[u
Z h r[opkDh jh ;qh w[ytke s/ j[ew o{g j?. fJj ;kv/ ihtB ~
;ztkodh s/ ;/X p]Fdh j?. n;hI jo j[ew iK w[ytke ~ ;fs eoe/ wzBDk j?.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu w[ytke b?D dh ftXh @j[ew b?Dk# f;ob/y
j/m f;Zy ;wki ~ fJT[I ;wMkJh rJh j? L
★
;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih nZr/ wZEk N/eDk r[o-{ o{g ;zrs d/ ndp Bkb
doFB eoB/ s/ ntk}k b?Dk iK ;[DBk, ;fsr[o{ d/ doFB jB. tke
b?D s'I fpBK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk o[wkb u[eZ e/ doFB eoBk iK
eotkT[Dk wBws j?.
★
;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'Dh ukjhJ/ ehosB iK eEk, tfynkB
iK gkm.
★
dhtkB ;w/I ;zrs ftu ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh skfpnk e/tb f;Zy
(wod iK shth) jh p?mD dk nfXekoh j?.
★
;zrs ~ gkm e/tb f;Zy jh eo e/ ;[Dkt/. nkgD/ nkg bJh gkm e'Jh
r?o-f;Zy Gh eo ;edk j?.
★
@j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikoh
j?, w[Y
Z s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[Y
Z fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[d
z k
j? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ.' i/ tko j't/
sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftu fiE/
@BkBe Bkw nk ikt/, T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.
★
dhtkB dh ;wkgsh iK G'r dk nodk;k j' e/ nzsw j[ew fbnk ikt/.
nfGnk bJh gqFB L—
(T) w[ytke s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu j[ew b?D dh eh
ftXh ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(152) r[owfs frnkB
swDwrn pwT
fe;/ Xow rzE q ~ gVQB dh fefonk ~ gkm eoBk fejk iKdk j?. n;hI
f;Zy ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I gkm eod/ jK. i/ eo @;kXkoB# dk noE eohJ/
sK ;kXko s'I Gkt j?, @nk;o/ ;fjs# ns/ ;kXkoB s'I nkXko ;kfjs eoB
tkbk, nk;ok d/D tkbk j?. ;zyg / FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wK
fwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzEq ;kfjp ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/ T[; ~ @;kXkoB gkm# iK @;fji
gkm# fejk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[X Z T[ukoB,
FpdK d/ Gkt noE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/
jK.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu ;kXkoB gkm dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk fJ;
soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L
★
jo fJe f;Zy ~ tZ; bZr,/ nkgD/ xo ftu ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/
gqekF eoB dk tZyok s/ Bt/ebk ;EkB fB:s eoBk ukjhJ/.
★
jo fJe f;Zy f;ZyDh, pZu/ pZuh ~ r[ow[yh gVQ e/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih dk gkm eoBk f;ZyDk ukjhJ/.
★
jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzE q ;kfjp
ih dk @j[ew# bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bk
fe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D./ ;\o nkfd
n"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBh.
★
uzrk sK fJj j? fe jo fJe f;Zy nkgDk ;kXkoB gkm ikoh oZy/ s/
wjhB/ d/ wro'I (iK fisB/ ;w/I ftu j' ;e/) G'r gkt/.
★
gkm nkozG eoB ;w/I gqFkfd fbnk e/ nBzd ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzi
gT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/ gkm wro'I nodk;k eoe/ j[ew
b?Dk ukjhJ/. c/o ig[ ih ;kfjp dk gkm eoBk ukjhJ/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @;kXkoB
gkm# f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk eh ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kXkoB gkm (153)
AKMf pwT
nyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o;, brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't./ fJ; gqeko nyzv
gkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I
brksko uZbdk oj/.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu nyzv gkm f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wo:kdk
fJT[I fpnkB ehsh rJh j? L
★
nyzv gkm fe;/ GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48
xzN/ ftu ;zgo
{ B ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu gkm brksko fpBK o'e d/
ehsk iKdk j?. gkm ;k\ s/ F[X
Z j't./ pj[s s/} gVQBk, fi; s'I ;[DB
tkbk e[M ;wM Bk ;e/, r[opkDh dh fBokdoh j?. nZyo wkso dk
fXnkB oZy e/, gkm F[XZ s/ ;k\ eoBk ukjhJ/, Gkt/I ;wK e[M tXhe
bZr ikt/.
★
nyzv gkm fi; gotko iK ;zrs B/ eoBk j?, T[j nkg eo/, NZpo d/
fe;/ nkdwh, ;ke ;zpX
z h, fwZso nkfd fwb e/ eoB. gkmhnK dh
frDsh w[eo
Z o BjhI.
★
i/ e'Jh nkdwh nkg gkm BjhI eo ;edk sK fe;/ uzr/ gkmh e'bI' ;[D
bt/, go fJj Bk j't/ fe gkmh nkg/ fJeZbk pfj e/ gkm eodk oj/ s/
;zrs iK NZpo dk e'Jh nkdwh Bk ;[Ddk j't./ gkmh dh :Ek-Fefs
G'iB p;so nkfd Bkb :'r ;/tk ehsh ikt/.
★
nyzv gkm iK j'o fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/ e[G
z , i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDk
iK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'o pkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.
nyzv gkm dk nozG L—nyzv gkm t/b/ eVkj gqFkfd j't,/ c/o nBzd
;kfjp (S/ gT[VhnK) dk gkm eoB wr'I nodk; eo e/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/
gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @nyzv gkm#
f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh eh wo:kdk ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(154) r[owfs frnkB
Bog
G'r s'I Gkt ;wkgsh iK nzs j?. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ ;kXkoB
gkm iK nyzv gkm dh ;wkgsh dh wo:kdk eh j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk
ftu G'r f;ob/y j/m fJ; soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L
★
;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[d
z ktDh
T[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.
(fJ; rZb pkps gzE #u ni/ se wsG/d j?, fJ; bJh okrwkbk s'I
fpBK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh phV fbyD iK SkgD dk jhnk e'Jh
Bk eo/). fJ; s'I T[gs
qz nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;k
ehsk ikt/ s/ eVkj gqFkfd toskfJnk ikt/.
★
G'r ;w/I ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh b'V nB[;ko o[wkb, u"o, ukBDh
nkfd dh G/Nk ns/ gzEe ekoiK bJh :Ek-Fefs @nodk;# eokJh
ikt/.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dh eh wjZssk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrN eodk
j?. GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ fbfynk, @r[od[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK
bJh ;e{b, nksw ifrnk;{nK bJh frnkB T[gd/Fe, o'rhnK bJh
;\k]kBk, G[fZ ynK bJh nzBg{oDk, fJ;soh iks dh gZs bJh b'jwJh
d[or ns/ w[;k\oK bJh ftFokw n;EkB j?.
gqFB 2 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o tX/o/ ed'I jzd
[ k j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o ;kX ;zrs #u
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
G'r (155)
p?fmnK tX/o/ jzd
[ k j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy bJh T[fus j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK d/
i'V-w/b d/ n;EkBK-r[od[nkfonK d/ doFB eo/ s/ ;kX ;zrs ftu
p?m e/ r[opkDh s'I bkG T[mkt/.
gqFB 3 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/
nkosh eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko X{g iK dht/ wuk e/ nkosh eoBh, G'r
bkT[Dk, i'sK irkT[DhnK, NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd eow r[owfs
nB[;ko BjhI. jK, ;EkB ~ ;[rfz Xs eoB bJh c[b
Z , X{g nkfd
;[rX
z hnK tosDhnK fttofis BjhI. ewo/ nzdo o"FBh bJh s/b, xh
iK w'wpZsh, fpibh, b?Ig nkfd irk b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.
gqFB 4 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu p?mD tkfbnK bJh eh
T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-Bhu
dk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk. fe;/ wB[y
Z dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I
iK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D, e[o;h, u"eh iK wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDk
iK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDk wBwZs j?. ;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/
gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDk ukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;Zy
fJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[v
z eZYDk r[owfs fto[X
Z j?.
gqFB 5 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe ;w/I fejVh fJe' rZb
j'Dh ukjhdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'Dh
ukjhJ/—ehosB iK eEk ftfynkB iK gkm.
gqFB 6 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko j[ewBkwk b?D ;zpX
z h eh nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L @j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikoh
j?, w[Y
Z s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[Y
Z fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[d
z k
j? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ.' i/ tko j't/
sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftu
fiE/ @BkBe# Bkw nk ikt/ T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.
gqFB 7 L ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;zyg
/ FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/, T[; ~ ;kXkoB gkm iK ;fji gkm fejk iKdk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(156) r[owfs frnkB
j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[X
Z T[ukoB, FpdK d/ Gkt
noE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/ jK.
gqFB 8 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko jo/e f;Zy bJh nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd
SeD s'I gfjbK eh eoB dk nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih dk j[ew bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bk
fe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D./ ;\o nkfd
n"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woZE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBk.
gqFB 9 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoB
dh eh ftXh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoB t/b/ eVkj gqFkd fbnk e/,
c/o nBzd[ ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzi gT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/
gkm wro'I nodk; eoe/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/ gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.
gqFB 10 L nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko fJ;
dh eh wo:kdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L nyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o; brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't./ fJ; gqeko nyzv
gkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih
s'I brksko uZbdk oj/. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm fe;/
GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48 xzN/ ftu ;zgo
{ B
ehsk iKdk j?.
gqFB 11 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm d/ ;w/I e[G
z , i's oZyD
;pzXh eh ftuko jB <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm iK fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/
e[G
z , i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDk iK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'o
pkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.
gqFB 12 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dh
eh wo:kdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[d
z ktDh
T[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.
fJ; s'I T[gs
qz nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;k ehsk ikt/
s/ eVkj gqFkd toskfJnk ikt/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;zyg
/ gqFB - T[&&Zso (157)
ikrq krnI
fJj nNZb ;ZukJh j? fe i/ eo f;Zy Xow dh ;w[u
Z h f;Zfynk ~ fJe
fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB,
Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD dk Bkw j?. fJe f;Zy d/ ihtB ftu fszBK dk jh
ftF/F ;EkB j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[y
Z T[gd/F
th fejk iKdk j?. fJjBK ftu'I feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.
feos s'I Gkt ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?.
feos eoBh T[; nekb g[oy dk eoskoh r[D j?. T[j ;ko/ jh gk;ko/
dk eosk j'D eoe/ fJe tZvk feosh j?. T[; eos/ dh feos ftu Bk fdB
Bk oks, Bk e'Jh S[N
Z h s/ Bk e'Jh n?stko j?. nekb g[oy ouBk ekb d/
nkfd s'I b? e/ fJe gb th ftjbk BjhI s/ ;dk jh ikrdk j?. f;Zy Xow d/
pkBh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ T[; nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ jh nB[Gt
eoe/ T[; ~ eosk iK eosko fejk j?. wB[y
Z T[; eosko dh nzF j?. fJ;
gqeko fJ; d/ bJh feos eoBh }o{oh j? iK fJzM efj bJhJ/ fe fJ; d/ tk;s/
feos eoBh Xow fBGkT[Dk s/ Xowh j'Dk j?. fco sK ;gZFN j? fe oZp ~
wzBD tkbk ftjbV, ezw u'o s/ fBezwk BjhI j' ;edk ns/ i/ eo j? sK fco
T[j oZp ~ wzBD tkbk BjhI j' ;edk. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk c[owkB j? L
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–
(gz B k 1245)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(158) r[owfs frnkB
Gkt e'Jh nkgD/ nkg ~ r[o{ gho nytk fojk j't,/ go wzr e/ yKdk
j't/ sK ;fsr[o{ ;[us
/ eod/ jB fe nfij/ F]; dh f;Zfynk BjhI ;[DBh iK
uoBhI BjhI bZrDk, feT[Ife fJj ;wki bJh p'M j?. f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftu
feos iK fwjBs ;t?wkD dk gqshe j? ns/ Ghy wzrDK, d{finK dh
fwjBs dh b[N
Z iK ftjbVg[Dk nkfd ;G fBzdD:'r s/ xNhnk eow
wzfBnK frnk j?.
j[D nrbk ;tkb j' ;edk j? fe feos eoBh fejVh j? < feos
nB/e gqeko dh j?. fe;kB dk y/sh eoBk feos j?, w}d{o dk w}d{oh
eoBk feos j?, w[bk}w dk w[bk}ws eoBk feos j?, fJe gqukoe dk
gquko eoBk feos j? ns/ fJe ftfdnkoEh bJh gVQkJh eoBk th feos j?.
fJjBK ftu'I fijVk th fpBk T[dw ehfsnK \b dh nk; oZydk j?, T[j
feos dh GktBk ~ BjhI ;wM fojk j?. n;hI o'}kBk jh nk;k eh tko ftu
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ puB ;otD eod/ jK s/ gzikph b'e ne;o jh
p'bd/ jB L
nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–
(gz B k 474)
fJ; bJh n;hI Xow dh feos eoBh j?. Xow dh feos iK ;Zuh
feos ;zpX
z h n;hI fJe s;tho ne;o d/yd/ jK. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/
fJe jZE ftu GkJh bkb' dh e'Xo/ dh o'Nh #u'I d[X
Z Nge fojk ns/ d{i/ jZE
ftu wbe Gkr' d/ getkBK ftu'I bj{ Nge fojk j?. fJj r[o{ ih dh Gkt/I
n;bh s;tho BjhI j?, go i' d'jK jZEK ftu'I ;zdF
/ fdZsk j? T[j ;Zuh feos
dh ftnkfynk dk ewkb j?. bj{ s'I Gkt fpBk fwjBs s'I pDk e/ ykX/ iKd/
getkB p[fonkJh s/ p/rkBk ]{B ghD d/ gqshe jB. d[X
Z s'I Gkt j? fe ;Zuh
feos d[X
Z d/ ;wkB j?, fi; ftu gftZsosk, skes, Xow s/ ;zd
[ osk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
feos eoBh (159)
fJ; ;zpX
z ftu n;hI r[opkDh dh gzesh ne;o jh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L
i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–
i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–
(gz B k 140)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(160) r[owfs frnkB
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) @feos eoBh# ftF/ T[& g
Z o r[owfs d/ B}ohJ/ s'I ukBDk gkU <
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow dh ;w[u
Z h f;Zfynk ~ fJe fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK eh
fejk ik ;edk j? <
T[& s
Z o L fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD
dk Bkw j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[y
Z T[gd/F
th fejk iKdk j?.
gqFB 2 L feos s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L feos s'I Gkt—ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?. fszB w[y
Z
T[gd/FK ftu feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ nekb g[oy ~ eosk iK eosko feT[I
fejk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ nB[Gt eoe/ T[; ~ eosk
iK eosko fejk j?. wB[y
Z T[; eosko dh nzF j? s/ fJ; d/ bJh feos
eoBh nkgDk Xow fBGkT[Dk j?.
gqFB 4 L feosh wB[y
Z szdo[;s feT[I ofjzdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;nkfDnK dk eEB j?, @joes ftu poes#. i' wB[y
Z feos BjhI
eod/, T[j nkgD/ ;oho ~ th szdo[;s BjhI oZy ;ed/. fJ; bJh
feosh wB[y
Z seVk s/ szdo[;s ofjzdk j?.
gqFB 5 L wB[y
Z h ihtB dhnK fszB tZvhnK FeshnK fejVhnK jB <
T[& s
Z o L T[; dk ;oho seVk j't,/ wB ;[u
Z k s/ T[gekoh j't/ ns/ T[j fJZ}s
Bkb f}zdrh iht/. fJjBK fszBK jh FeshnK dk w[y
Z nkXko @feos#
j?.
✫✫✫
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
feos eoBh (161)
nwm jpxw
r[owfs dk d{ik w[y
Z T[gd/F j?, @Bkw igDk#. gfjbk T[gd/F feos
eoBh j?. feos eoBh jh fJ; eoe/ j? fe wB[y
Z dk ;oho seVk oj/ ns/
seV/ ;oho Bkb jh Bkw ifgnk ik ;edk j?. feos fJe t;hbk j? i' jo
wB[y
Z bJh }o{oh j? s/ T[; dk ihtB fBFkBk Bkw igDk j?. f;Zy gzE o'}kBk
nodk; ftu dkBk f;o dkB—Bkw dkB dh i'dVh eodk j?.
Bkw eh j? < fe;/ g[oy, ;EkB iK t;s{ ~ fi; ;zfrnk Bkb n;hI
g[ekod/ jK, T[; ~ BkT[I iK Bkw fejk iKdk j?. fJe rZb fXnkB wzrdh
j? fe Bkw r[opkDh ftu e/tb ;zfrnk d/ noEK ftu jh BjhI nkfJnk, ;r'I
Bkw fJe ftnkge Fesh th j?. c[owkB j? L
Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–
(gz B k 284)
Gkt fisBk e[S T[; gqG{ dk ofunk j'fJnk j?, T[sBk Bkw j? s/ Bkw
s'I fpBk e'Jh EK BjhI j?. @nk;k eh tko# ftu ;fsr[o{ c[owkT[Id/ jB fe
fBozeko B/ nkg f;qFNh ouBk eoe/ T[; d/ nkozG ftu Bkw ofunk j? L
nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– (gz B k 463)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bkw ikgDk (163)
Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–
jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– (gz B k 1376)
Gkt nkgDh feos eko eofdnK gqG{ dk f;woB th eoBk j?. Bkw
igfdnK n;hI r[opkDh dk gkm eod/ jK. Fpd Fesh th j? s/ i's th j?.
fJj i's ;dk gqekFwJh j?. Bkw fJe nfijk gqekF j? fi; d/ ekoB wB[y
Z
nfrnkBsk ~ ]sw eoe/ nkswk ~ gqekFwJh eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh jh
wB[y
Z ~ nfj;k; eotkT[Idh j? fe wB[y
Z sk dk ftek; e/tb ;ohoe Fesh
BjhI, ;r'I nzdo{Bh u/sBk dh gfjukD eoBh j?. n;hI o'}kBk ig[ ih ;kfjp
pkDh dk gkm eod/ jK sK fJj' g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? L
Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– (gz B k 4)
wB[y
Z dh wbhB j'Jh wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso ehsh ik ;edh j?.
Bkw igD Bkb j'o eh jzd
[ k j? < Bkw igD tkb/ ftu jT[w? BjhI ofjzdh.
T[j oZph j[ew nB[;ko ihT{Idk j?. Bkw fjod/ ~ gftZso eodk j?. Bkw
wB[y
Z h wB ~ ;kX e/ F[X
Z eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh fezBh j? < ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih ikg[ ;kfjp ftu c[owkT[Id/ jB L
Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–
Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– (ikg[ ;kfjp)
Gkt gqG{ dk Bkw wzsoK, izsoK s/ szsoK s'I f;ow"o j?. Bkw jh fJ;NK
f;o fJFN j? Gkt S'N/ S'N/ ebgs d/th-d/ts/, wVQh-w;kD, Xkr/-sths,
N{D/ NkwD, tos, ;okX BjhI wzBD/, feT[Ife gqG{ d/ Bkw dh Fesh nZr/
;G/ jh s[S jB. Bkw dh Fesh dk Go';k wB ftu oZyDk j?.
fJe rZb fXnkB ftu oZyDh fe nZi eZbQ d/jXkoh b'e ezBK #u Bkw dkB
d/D dk tgko eo oj/ jB. f;Zy B/ e/tb ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh pkDh T[&g
Z o
fB;uk oZyDk j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko Bkw pkDh dk nfGnk; f;ob/y
j/m doi j? fe, @f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ (gfjo oks ofjzd)/ ikr e/ fJFBkB eo/ ns/
fJe nekb g[oy dk fXnkB eodk j'fJnk @tkfjr[o#{ Bkw ig/. fBsB/w dk gkm
eo/. fBsB/w dhnK pkDhnK fJj jB—ig[, ikg[ ns/ À¿ ;tZ:/ (;qktr ;[X
tkb/)—fJj pkDhnK nfwqs t/b/ gVQBhnK. ;' do ojokf;—Fkw t/b/ ;{oi v[p
Z /
gVQBh. ;'fjbk fJj pkDh oks ~ ;"D t/b/ gVQBh. nzfwqs t/b/ ns/ ;' do t/b/
d/ fBsB/w s'I T[gozs nodk; eoBh }o{oh j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(164) r[owfs frnkB
Bkw igD tkfbnK dh wfjwk fpnkB eod/ j'J/ r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jB
fe fiBQK B/ gqG{ d/ Bkw ~ fXnkfJnk, T[j nkgDh ewkJh ;\bh eo rJ/.
;fsr[o ih eEB eod/ jB fe Bkw f;woB tkfbnK d/ sK w[y
Z T[ib/ jzd
[ /
jh jB, go T[jBK dh ;zrs eoe/ j'o fezBh d[BhnK iBw-woB d/ r/V s'I
w[es j' iKdh j?. fJj r[otke ;k~ Bkw igD bJh ;[us
/ eodk j? L
fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–
BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– (gz B k 8)
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L r[owfs ftu fe; wB[y
Z ~ ihts wzfBnK frnk j? <
T[& s
Z o L fi; d/ fjod/ ftu gqG{ dk Bkw tf;nk j?. c[owkB j? L-
;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–
gqFB 2 L feos eoBh s/ Bkw igDk tZy-tZy BjhI, ;r'I fJe jB. fJ;
;zpX
z h r[opkDh dk c[owkB fdU.
T[& s
Z o L Bkwk ej/ fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–
jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb–
gqFB 3 L gqG{ Bkw dh Fesh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[&&Zso L Bw' wzsq wzs–
zq Bw' izsq izs–
qz Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szs–
qz
gqFB 4 L r[owfs nB[;ko wB[y
Z dh wbhB wZs fet/I gftZso j' ;edh j? <
T[&s
Z o L wB[y
Z dh wbhB wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso j' ;edh j?. c[owkB j? L
Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr–
gqFB 5 L Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB
ehsh j? <
T[&&&Zso L fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–
BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb–
Gkt fiBQK B/ Bkw ifgnk, T[BKQ d/ w[y
Z sK T[ib/ j[d
z / jh jB, go T[BKQ
dh ;zrs eoe/ nB/eK j'o iBw woB d/ r/V s'I w[es j' iKd/ jB.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bkw ikgDk (165)
vMf Ckxw
r[owfs dk shik w[y
Z T[gd/F @tzv SeDk# j?. wB[y
Z ;z;ko ftu ofjzdk
j'fJnk ;Zuh ;[u
Z h feos eo/ s/ feos eodk j'fJnk gqG{ dk Bkw ig/. Bkw
igfdnK T[jdh fJj GktBk gqge
Z j'tr
/ h L
ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–
d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– (gz B k 2 5 7 )
Gkt ;G ~ dksK d/D tkbk fJe dksk j? s/ T[; eos/ d/ GzvkfonK ftu
feXo/ s'N BjhI nkT[Idh. T[; eos/ dh o}k #u ofjD tkbk wB[y
Z tzv e/
SeDk nkgDk gow Xow ;wM/rk.
@tzv SeD# s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoe
b'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?. ;fsr[oK
dk c[owkB j? L
@xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# (gz B k 1245)
Gkt feos eoBh s/ e[M jZEI' d/ e/ tzv e/ th SeDk j?. fJ; Bkb fJe
sK wB[y
Z dh fe;/ Bkb X'yk eoB iK F'FD eoB dh fposh ~ o'e g?Idh j?
ns/ d{;ok i'V i'V e/ nzpko bkT[D dh o[uh ftu pdbkT[ nkT[Idk j?. tzv
SeD Bkb XB gdkoEK gqsh p/bV
' k b'G ]sw jzd
[ k j?, i/ eo p/bV
' k b'G
BjhI sK w'j th xN/r
/ k. w'j xND Bkb jzeko BjhI j'tr
/ k, feT[Ife b'G s/
w'j dk shik o{g jzeko j?. fco jzekfonk s/ jT[w? rq;s pzdk e'X
q h j[d
z k j?.
tzv SeD dh fposh Bkb fJjBK o'rK s'I pudk j? ns/ T[; ftu ;fjisk,
fBwosk s/ dfJnk tZXdh j?. fJe uzr/ ;wki ftu raohp, b'Vtzd, ngkji
s/ o'rh dh ;jkfJsk ;wki s'I tZX e/ e'Jh BjhI eo ;edk.
;z;koe sb #s/ ftuko eohJ/ sK e[M b'e pj[s nwho jB s/ e[M pj[s
rao
a hp jB. eJh tko raohp pzd/ ~ sK o'Nh th BjhI i[Vdh. fJ;/ soQK phwko
~, ngkji s/ e[dosh nk\sK eoe/ N[N
Z / ;wki ~ ;jkfJsk dh b'V jzd
[ h j?.
fJj ;jkfJsk e"D eo/ <
fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu dkB gqDkbh fJ; b'V dh g{osh eodh ;h. dkB
s'I Gkt e'Jh th wB[y
Z , Gkt/I fe;/ soQK th :'r iK n:'r feos eodk ;h sK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(166) r[owfs frnkB
T[j dkB d/ s"o #s/ d{;fonK ~ fdzdk ;h. dkB eoB tkb/ Gb/ g[oF th ;B
ns/ eJhnK d/ wB ftu jzeko th j' iKdk ;h. f;Zy Xow d/ ;Ekgs j'D s'I
gfjbK Xkofwe d[BhnK ftu fJj ftFtk; fdqVQ ;h fe dkB d/Dk sK oZp d/
yks/ ftu T[Xko gkT[Dk j?, i' eJh r[Dk tZX e/ fco dkB eoB tkb/ ~
fwbdk j?. FkfJd fJ; d/ fgZS/ th GktBk uzrh jh j'trh fe seV/ b'e,
raohpK b'VtzdK dh wdd eoB.
j[D nZrI' b'Vtzd d' gqeko d/ j' rJ/. fJe sK ftuko/ T[j ;B i'
nzrjhD, fe;/ o'r s'I ghVs, bktko; iK fpoX T[wo ftu g/N dh g{osh
eoB i'r/ BjhI ;B. fJj sK jZedko ;B. d{;oh—szdo[;s, ftjbV s/
F?skB b'eK dh T[j iwks g?dk j' rJh i' gkyzv eow eoe/ d[BhnK ~
r[w
z okj eoB bZr gJ/. fJj b'e dkBhnK ~ eJh r[Dk tZX fdtkT[D dk
Go';k fdtkT[Id/ ;B. fJ; dk B[e;kB fJj j'fJnk fe dkB b'VtzdK se
xZN iKdk ;h s/ tZvk fjZ;k gkyzvh b'e b? iKd/ ;B. fJj ;tor-Boe dhnK
rZbK s/ c'eN eow eKvK Bkb nwhoK ~ rzw
[ okj eoe/ dkB ti'I b? b?Id/ ;B.
r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fJ; soQK dkB d/ ;jko/ gbD tkbh ftjbV iwks s/
;w{j ;wki ~ g/o
q s ehsk fe ;Zuk Xowh T[j j? i' feos eodk, Bkw igdk
s/ tzv e/ Sedk j?. tzv SeDk, dkB eoB Bkb'I tZyo/ Gkt noE oZydk j?.
;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ;[us
/ eod/ jB L
nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–
nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– (gz B k 1245)
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @tzv SeD# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L tzv SeD s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoe
b'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb-Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?.
;fsr[oK dk c[owkD j?, @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.# Gkt feos
eoBh s/ e[M jZEI' d/ e/ tzv SeDk j?.
gqFB 2 L r[opkDh ftZu pzdrh s/ dkB eoB tkfbnK ~ fet/I ;[us
/ ehsk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih dk \[owkD j? L nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?
nebh gkJhn? wkB[– nebh gfV e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[–
Gkt gqG{ dk f;woB s/ dkB eofdnK wB[y
Z dk ;[us
/ j'Dk }o{oh j?.
gqFB 3 L T[; gqG{ dh dks ~ tzv e/ SeD Bkb eh jzd
[ k j? <
T[&s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ ;z;ko ~ gqo
/ Bk fdZsh fe tzv e/ SeD Bkb T[; gqG{ dh
dks ftu s'N BjhI nkT[Idh, ;r'I tkXk jh j[d
z k j?. c[owkB j? L
yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–
gqFB 4L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ feos eoB s/ tzv e/ SeD ;zpX
z h eh fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? fe r[ow[y ihtB ~ ;\b eoB bJh
Xow dh feos eod/ s/ d{finK Bkb tzv e/ Sed/, Gkt jZEI' d/ e/ Gbk
wBkT[Id/ jB. feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?–
gqFB 5 L f;Zy Xow ~ feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD d/ f;XKsK B/
eh wkD fdZsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ p]F/ fJBQK f;XKsK B/ f;Zy Xow ~ ftFt d/ XowK ftu'I
w{jobh esko ftu yV/ j'D dk wkD fdZsk j?. @tzv SeDk# wB[y
Z sk d/
gqw
/ dk tZvk ;{so j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tzv SeDk (169)
swD sMgq
r[opkDh ftu ;kX ns/ ;zs Fpd ;wkB noEK ftu nB/e tko nkJ/
jB. ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[& g
Z o uZbD tkb/ Gb/ g[oF s'I j?.
;zrs d/ Fpdh noE jB w/b iK fwb p?mDk. ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eK
dk fwb p?mDk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(170) r[owfs frnkB
j[D fJjBK fszBK ftu'I jh ;zrs dk n;o tX/o/ jzd
[ k j?. wB[y
Z h ihtB
dk nXko T[; d/ ftuko jzd
[ / jB. fJ; gqeko fe;/ wB[y
Z dh ihtB T[;koh
ftu ;zrs dk ftF/F ;EkB jzd
[ k j?. T[sw g[oyK dh ;zrs nksfwe T[Bsh
bJh tZvk ;kXB j?.
;kvk b'e w[jktok j?, @i?;h ;zrs t?;h ozrs#. Grs epho ih sK
wB[y
Z h wB ~ gzSh dh soQK wzBd/ jB. fJj T[v-T[v e/ d; fdFktK tZb iKdk
j?. fi; soQK dk fJ; ~ ;zrs ftu'I ftukoK dk G'iB fwbdk j?, T[;/ soQK
dk j' iKdk j?.
epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–
i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–
(gz B k 1369)
fJ;/ bJh Gb/ g[oFK B/ gziK dh ;zrs s'I tofink j?. M{m/ nkdwh dh
;zrs Bk eo', X'yk d/tr
/ k. d{ik w{oy dh ;zrs s'I pu', B[e;kB jh j'tr
/ k.
shik ezi;
{ dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j wB dk em'o jzd
[ k j?. u"Ek ekfJo iK
vog'e dh ;zrs Bk eo', T[j s[jk~ Yfjzdh ebk tkbk pDk d/tr
/ k. gzitK
d[FN dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j fe;/ dk Gbk BjhI eo ;edk. fJ; d/ Bkb ;w{j
ftfdnkoEhnK bJh }o{oh j? fe T[j fe;/ BF/Vh, fBezw/, BbkfJe,
Bk;fse s/ BKjtkuh ;'u tkb/ dh G[b
Z e/ th ;zrs Bk eoB. d{i/ gk;/ Gb/
b'eK dh ;zrs eoB Bkb ;wki ftu, gfotko ftu s/ ;z;ko ftu F'Gk
fwbdh j?.
fJ; bJh id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;fs;zrs }o{o eoBh j?. ;kX ;zrs eoBh
nkgDk ftek; j?. wB[y
Z d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/ S{s Sks d/
Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[d
z k j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/ ;wM nkT[Idh j?
fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQK d:k, Xow, FoXk,
GktBk ftu gqge
Z sk nkT[Idh j?. wB[y
Z sk dk fJeZm/ fwb e/ p?mDk jh tZvk
ftek; j?. @J/e B{o s/ ;fG ir T[gfink# ns/ @wkB; eh ikfs ;p? J/e?
gfjukBp'# dhnK F[G
Z GktBktK ;kX ;zrs ftu jh gqge
Z jzd
[ hnK jB. f;Zy
Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs nksfwe T[Bsh, ;wkfie soZeh s/ ;KM/ e"wh ihtB
dh T[;koh bJh nZs }o{oh j?. fJ;/ ;zpX
z h ;fsr[o{ gzuw gksFkj ih dk
T[gd/F j? L
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(172) r[owfs frnkB
fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–
Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–
(gz B k 1299)
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @;kX ;zrs# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[& g
Z o ubD tkb/ T[jBK Gb/
g[oFK s'I j? fiBQK B/ nkgDhnK frnkB s/ eow fJzdohnK ~ ;kfXnk
j'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eK dh ;zrs j?.
gqFB 2 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s ;zrs fe; ~ fejk iKdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs T[j j? fiZE/ e/tb gqG{ d/ Bkw dh jh ftuko
uouk iK pzdrh j't./ c[owkB j? L
;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?–
gqFB 3 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs dh wfjwk ;pzXh n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh
ftu eh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ;zpX
z h n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh ftu gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L
w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–
r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk–
gqFB 4 L @;kX ;zrs# eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[y
Z d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/
S{s Sks d/ Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[d
z k j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/
;wM nkT[Idh j? fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQK
d:k, Xow, FoXk s/ GktBk ftu gqge
Z sk nkT[Idh j?.
gqFB 5 L @;kX ;zrs# dh wfjwk ;zpX
z h gzuw gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs dh wfjwK ;zpX
z h ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L
fp;fo rJh ;fG skfs gokJh–
ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– À– ojkT[–
Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kX ;zrs (173)
ismrn
f;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu
t;k e/ T[jBK r[DK ~ tko-tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{
fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?. fJe rZb ftukoB tkbh j? fe e'Jh th fe;/
~ ed'I :kd eodk j? < T[j T[; ;w/I eodk j? id'I T[; ~ wfj;{; j't/ fe
w?I T[; gk;'I ftSfVnk j'fJnk jK. i/ eo ftS'V/ dk jh nfj;k; BjhI sK :kd
iK f;woB eoB dh }o{os jh ]sw j' iKdh j?. fJ;/ bJh fpoj'I iK ftS'V/
~ ;[bskB fejk frnk j?. pkpk \ohd ih c[owT[Id/ jB L
fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–
cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–
(gz B k 1379)
Gkt fi; ;oho ftu gG{ ftS'V/ dk nfj;k; jh BjhI, T[j sK fco
FwFkB xkN dh soQK j?.
fJ; bJh nkgDk w{b gfjukD e/ gqG{ Bkb fbt i'VB bJh f;woB
}o{oh j?. ftS'V/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?. :kd eoBk iK
f;woB fJe nfijh Fesh j?, fi; dk T[& s
Z o fJfsjk;e ;kyhnK ftu th
fwbdk j?. p/p/ BkBeh ih dh fBZxh :kd ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ~
prdkd ftu p?m/ g/o
q Bk d/ ojh j? s/ T[j c[owkT[Id/ jB fe wodkfBnK !
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(174) r[owfs frnkB
p/p/ :kd eodh j?. f;woB nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe r[gs Fesh j?, fi; Bkb
nksfwe pb gqkgs jzd
[ k j?. ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk
c[owkB j? L
f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–
efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–
(gz B k 262)
Gkt, j/ gqG{ ! s/o/ f;woB Bkb ;G e[S gqkgs j'fJnk j? ns/ e'Jh
w[Feb BjhI nkJh. fJ; bJh f;woB dh Fesh ~ ;wMDk }o{oh j?.
j[D f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. w[y
Z rZb
T[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk.
fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJh wB[y
Z ;ktXkB BjhI j'tr
/ k. c[owkB j? L
efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–
(gz B k 611)
Gkt gfjbK fJFBkB eoBk s/ fco f;woB eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko wB
s/ sB no'r ofjzd/ jB. sB dh gftZsosk bJh gkDh j? ns/ wB dh
gftZsosk bJh pkDh j?. fJj ftukoB tkbk B[esk j? fe e[dos dh jo
t;s fJe gZe/ fB:w ftu j?. ;' nkgD/ wB ~ fJe gZe/ f]nkb #s/ fNekT[Dk
j?, fi; ~ Go';k fejk iKdk j?. fi; dk f;woB eoBk j? T[; T[g
z o Fzek
BjhI eoBk. pj[s/ b'e FzfenK ftu g? rJ/ jB ns/ Fze/ tkb/ dk Go';k gZek
BjhI j' ;edk. fJ;/ bJh n;hI o'}kBk nodk; ftu Go';k dkB wzrd/ jK.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;woB (175)
Go';/ tkb/ dk fjodk g[eko T[mdk j? L
xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–
(gz B k 677)
;' ;kXe dh fJj gqshs gZeh j't/ fe @s{ w/ok okyk ;GBh EkJhI.# r[o
Fpd ftu jo gqeko d/ Gow ~ eZN d/D dh Fesh j?. r[o Fpd okjhI
frnkB o{gh ukBD j[d
z k j?. j[D frnkB j'D ns/ fjod/ nzdo gqekF j'D
ftu tZvk \oe j?. fJe j? ikBDk s/ d{ik j? wkBDk. fit/I yzv fwZmh j?, fJj
ikBDk j? ns/ yzv w{j
z ftu gk bJh, fJj wkBDk j?. gqG{ d/ f;woB ~ wkBD
bJh ;fsr[oK B/ p/ns
z tko g/o
q Bk ehsh j? L
;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–
(gz B k 295)
goT[gekoh wB[y
Z jo EK wkD gkT[Idk j?. f;woB tkb/ ~ id ;z;ko
dh jo/e dks d/ fgZS,/ dksk B}o nkt/ sK T[; dk F[eokBk eodk j'fJnk,
nksfwe ftek; tZb iKdk j?. sZs;ko ti'I jo wB[y
Z nkgD/ ;[Gkn s/ ftukoK
Bkb ftek; eodk j?. r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jB fe fi; B/ gqG{ ~ f;wfonk,
T[j T[j' fijk jh j' iKdk j?.
i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– (gz B k 2 2 3 )
nekb g[oy dk ;o{g ;fsr[oK B/ w{b wzso ftu fpnkB ehsk j?. T[j
gqG{ fJe j? ns/ fBoGT[ s/ fBot?o j?. j[D i/ eo T[; dk f;woB eoB tkb/
wBZy
[ ftu fJj r[D j'Dr/ sK ;kv/ p/bV
' / vo s/ p/bV
' / t?o nkgD/ nkg jh
]sw j' ikDr/. ;ops dk Gbk j'tr
/ k. f;woB tkbk fe;/ dk p[ok BjhI eo
;edk, feT[Ife T[j jo fjod/ ftu gqG{ ~ d/ydk j?. fJ; bJh fBsB/w s'I
fJbktk fe;/ r[opkDh d/ Fpd okjhI, w{b wzso d/ gkm iK tkfjr[o{ d/
f;woB Bkb T[; eos/ ~ :kd eoBk f;woB dk ;ob ;kXB j?. wB[y
Z dh
fdwkrah Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jzd
[ k
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(176) r[owfs frnkB
j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqge
Z jzd
[ h j?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;,
frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;woB s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. T[; tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu t;k
e/ T[; d/ Bkw ~ tko tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{
fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?.
gqFB 2 L fJe fJB;kB ~ f;woB dh b'V feT[I j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[owfs nB[;ko nkswk gowkswk dk nzF j?. fJj ;kro ftu'I gkDh
dh p{d
z d/ tZyok j' ikD tKr gow nkswk s'I nbZr j' rJh j?. fJ;
bJh ftSV/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?.
gqFB 3 L f;woB pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L
f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[– efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–
Gkt gowkswk ~ f;wo' s/ f;woB eo-eo e/ ;[y
Z K dh gqkgsh eo'.
f;woB Bkb ;oho d/ d[y
Z s/ eFN fwNd/ jB.
gqFB 4 L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe T[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-
szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk. fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJh
wB[y
Z ;ktXkB BjhI j'tr
/ k.
gqFB 5 L f;woB eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
T[&&Zso L f;woB Bkb wB[y
Z dh fdwkrh Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK
fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jzd
[ k j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqge
Z j[d
z h
j?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;, frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk-;dk
ftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;woB (177)
Ardws dI mh`qqw
ftdtkBK dk eEB j? fe nodk; dk fJfsjk; UBk jh g[okDk j?,
fizBk e[ g[okDk fJfsjk; wB[y
Z dk j?. nodk; wB[y
Z h nkswk dk nkgD/ w{b
gowkswk tZb o[y eoBk j?. wB[y
Z ;[Gkte s"o #s/ ew}'o j? ns/ ;z;ko ftu
xNBktK dh jB/oh ubdh j?. id fJB;kB jkbks dk Nkeok BjhI eo
;edk sK T[; dk wB v'bdk j?. jo ew}'o ~ fJe seV/ dk ;jkok j[d
z k
j?, fit/I t/b ~ o[y
Z dk ;jkok, pZu/ ~ wK dk ;jkok ns/ ;[e
Z ojh pBk;gsh
~ pkoF dk ;jkok j[d
z k j?.
nodk; Fpd d/ noEK tZb ikJhJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh iK
wB'ekwBk j?. f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjkBsk j?. jo ekoi d/ nkozG
ftu iK ;zgo
{ B j'D #s/ F[eokB/ dh nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~
nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; eoBh j?.
ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–
ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– (gz B k 9 1 )
r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w ;k\ dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/
nodk; eoBh ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ gqkoEBk eoBh j? L
nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–
fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–
(gz B k 1093 )
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(178) r[owfs frnkB
f;Zyh dk fdqVQ fBFuk j? fe F[X
Z wB j' e/ Go';/ Bkb ehsh nodk; ;dk
gqtkB j[d
z h j?. f;Zyh ftu iBw, ftnkj, fwqse ;z;eko ;w/I, jo d[y
Z -;[y
Z
s/ ][Fh rawh ftu nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. o'} wo:kdk nB[;ko fBsB/w
T[gozs nodk; eoBh j?.
f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh gozgok ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;w/I s'I
jh F[o{ j' rJh gqshs jzd
[ h j?. id okfJ p[bko B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ~
T[dk;hnK #s/ ikD t/b/ w[V doFB d/D dh p/Bsh ehsh sK ;fsr[oK B/ T[& s
Z o
fdZsk fe i/ eo ;k~ fwbD bJh wB eo/ sK jZE i'V e/ fBozeko nZr/ nodk;
eoBh. fJ;/ soQK id pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih B/ gzikp tZb uVQkJh ehsh
sK d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[; ~ j[ew ehsk fe id e'Jh GhV pD/ sK gziK
f;zxK ~ Bkb b? e/ nodk; eoBh.
;z;ko dh e'Jh j'o nodk; J/B/ i\o ikb e/ j'Id ftu BjhI nkJh,
fizBh xkbDk Bkb f;Zy nodk; dh ouBk j'Jh j?. FkfJd jh feXo/ tkose
dk J/Bk wjkB ;zyg
/ o{g ;z;ko ;kfjs ftu j't./ fJj wkD tkbh rZb j? fe
J/B/ tZv/ fJfsjk; o{gh ;kro ~ fe;/ B/ ;zyg
/ F?bh o{gh rkro ftu pzd ehsk
j't./ fJj gzE d/ tkbh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gzE ]kb;k dh ;KMh ouBk
j?. nodk; T[j wjkB ouBk j? fi; ~ jo f;Zy FoXk s/ rzGhosk Bkb
d[jokT[Idk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; d/ BkfJeK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xo e/
tkfjr[o{ Bkb i[Vdk j?. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkB
fJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nodk; dh wZjssk (179)
~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(180) r[owfs frnkB
s[;hI j' s/ fJj r[D p]F d/t.' nZr/ ftSV/ j'J/ r[oXkwK d/ doFBK dh
nodk; j?.
;koh nodk; T[gozs ;tkb j? fe f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek fet/I ofj
;edk s/ fe; fe;w d/ wB[y
Z K Bkb w/b i'b j't./ fJ; dk T[& s
Z o ;/Jh fgnko/
w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fuZs nkt/. nrbh gzesh ftu r[o{ gzE s/ ;qh r[o{
BkBe ih fJe fwe jB fe gzE B/ r[o{ BkBe dh w'jo tosh j?. fJ; ftu
Bkw, uVQdh ebk, GkDk s/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh j?. fco \sfj j? fe
]kb;k tkfjr[o{ dk j? s/ \sfj th T[;/ dh j'Dh j? ns/ i?eko/ ftu ;zdF
/ j?
fe fBjkb T[jh j'tr
/ k i' ;Zu/ ;qh nekb dk BkT[I bJ/rk.
fJ; bJh f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjZssk j?. nodk;
gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?. nodk; T[& u
Z / nksfwe
wzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poes Bkb wjkB ekoi ;zgo
{ B j'J./
nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqD eoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk.
nodk; nksfwe Fesh j?. ;G d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh s/ ;s;zrhnK ftu
nkgDkgB g?dk j'Dk nodk; dh poes j?. w[e
Z dh rZb fe ;z;ko ftu i/
e'Jh fBnk;o/ dk nk;ok j? sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; j?. fJ;/ bJh n;hI nodk;
F[o{ eoB s'I gfjbK ;zrsh o{g ftu fJj Fpd gVQd/ jK L
s{ mke[o[ s[w gfj nodkf;– ihT[ fgzv[ ;G[ s/oh okf;–
s[w wks fgsk jw pkfoe s/o–
/ s[woh feqgk wfj ;{y xB/o–
/
(gz B k 268)
;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @nodk;# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L nodk; Fpd d/ noEK ~ ftukohJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh
iK wB'ekwBk j?. nodk; wB[y
Z h nkswk dk nkgD/ w{b gowkswk tZb
o[y eoBk j?. gowkswk ;op FeshwkB j?. T[; T[& g
Z o Go';k wB[y
Z ~
pj[s ;kohnK go/FkBhnK s'I pukT[Idk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nodk; dh wZjssk (181)
gqFB 2 L nodk; pko/ ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~ eh nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/
nodk; eoBh j?. c[owkB j? L
ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–
ekoi[ d/fJ ;tkfo ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?–
gqFB 3L r[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB <
T[& s
Z o L r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/
nodk; eoBh j? ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ eoBh j?. c[owkB j? L
nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–
fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–
gqFB 4 L o'}kBk nodk; ftu f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek ofjD bJh fe;
fe;w d/ wB[y
Z K dh ;zrs dh wzr eodk j? <
T[& s
Z o L nodk; ftu jo f;Zy wzr eodk j? fe tkfjr[o{ ! ;/Jh fgnko/ w/b
fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt/. fJ; bJh gfss, f;o r[w
z , soeh,
sBykjhJ/ iK Bk;fse pzfdnK dh ;zrs Bkb f;Zyh Go';k BjhI oj/rk,
;r'I feos eoB, Bkw igD, tzv SeD tkb/, FoXk GktBK tkb/ s/
pkDh pkD/ d/ XkoBh r[ow[y fgnkfonK dh ;zrs Bkb wB[y
Z Xow ftu
gZek ofjzdk j?.
gqFB 5 L fJe f;Zy bJh nodk; dh wjZssk pko/ ;zyg
/ FpdK ftu fby' <
T[& s
Z o L nodk; gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?.
nodk; wB[y
Z ~ T[& u
Z / nksfwe wzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poes
Bkb wjkB ekoi ;zgo
{ B j'J./ nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqD
eoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkB
fJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK
~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(182) r[owfs frnkB
gq F B gZ s o dh o{ g o/ y k L
doik-d{ i k
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gqFB- gZso dh o{g o/yk (183)
(Gkr-;)
j/m fbfynK ftu'I d' ftfFnK pko/ Gkt g{ote ikDekoh fdU L
1H feos eoBh
2H tzv SeDk
3H nodk; dh wjZssk 2X10=20
(Gkr-j)
j/m fbfynK ftu'I d; gqFBK d/ T[& s
Z o ;zyg
/ s/ ;gZFN o{g ftu fdU.
jo/e gqFB d/ 2 Bzpo jB L
1H pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb ;pzfXs j? <
2H ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ ~ wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx gk;
ed'I G/fink <
3H GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/I pdbk
fbnk <
4H S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
5H npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[& g
Z o jwbk feT[I ehsk <
6H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/ nkosh
eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? <
7H ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <
8H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;XkoB gkm iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dh eh
wo:kdk j? <
9H Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB ehsh
j? <
10H;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
11H @f;woB# pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <
12Hr[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB < 10X2=20
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(184) r[owfs frnkB