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Gurmat Gyan Part 2

(1) Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji was the sixth of the ten Sikh Gurus. (2) He received the Gurgaddi from his father, Guru Arjan Dev Ji after demonstrating his spiritual and martial leadership abilities. (3) Under his leadership, the Sikhs became both a spiritual and military force, with an organized army and fort to defend against Mughal oppression. He established the traditions of Akal Takht and Miri-Piri within the Sikh faith.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views184 pages

Gurmat Gyan Part 2

(1) Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji was the sixth of the ten Sikh Gurus. (2) He received the Gurgaddi from his father, Guru Arjan Dev Ji after demonstrating his spiritual and martial leadership abilities. (3) Under his leadership, the Sikhs became both a spiritual and military force, with an organized army and fort to defend against Mughal oppression. He established the traditions of Akal Takht and Miri-Piri within the Sikh faith.

Uploaded by

sandeep singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1>tkfjr[ o { ih eh \sfj–

ª ª
Xkofwe gqhfynk
bJh fBoXkfos g[ ; se

gurmiq igAwn
drjw - dUjw

b/ y e L
vkH fJz d oihs f;z x r' r ' n kDh
(n?wHJ/H Xow nfXn?B, gzikph, ;zrhs, ghn?uHvhH)

gq e kFe L
Xow gq u ko ew/ N h, (F' q L r[ L gq L ew/ N h)
;q h nz f wq s ;o.
gq e kFe L
;eZ s o, Xow gq u ko ew/ N h
(F' q L r[ L gq L ew/ N h)
;q h nz f wq s ;o.

gfjbh n? v h L
;sz p o 2012 - 15,000
d{ i h n? v h L
wJh 2013 - 20,000
shih n? v h L
nr;s 2014 - 20,000

Skge L
r' b vB nk\;? N gq ? ; ,
r[ o d[ n kok okw;o ;kfjp, ;q h nz f wq s ;o.
(doik-d{ik)

Bh:s ehs/ Bt/ I f;b/ p ; nB[ ; ko L

gouk gfjbk-r[o fJfsjk; s/ r[opkDh


;wK 3 xzN
z / e[b nze 100

(T) S/tI/ gksFkj ih s'I d;t/I gksFkj ih se ;zyg


/ ihtB fJfsjk;
40
(n) ezm pkDhnK—ig[ ih, 10 ;tZ:/ (;qktr ;[X
Z ),
nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf;, ;'fjbk 20
(J) noE pkDhnK—ojokf;, ;'fjbk 20
(;) d; gqFBK d/ ;zyg
/ T[& s
Z oL

d; gqFBK d/ ;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o L Gkr-T (r[o fJfsjk;)

ns/ Gkr-n (r[opkDh) ftZuI' j'Dr/. 20


sseok
;zd/F 5

r[owfs frnkB ;zpX


z h 6

S/tI/ gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 7

;Zst/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih 25

nZmt/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 34

B"t/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih 42

d;t/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 54

r[opkDh (gqFB-T[&&Zso) 75

r[opkDh ezm eoB bJh nfGnk;

ig[ ih ;kfjp, sPg;


q kfd– ;tZ:–
/ gkL À¿, nBzd[ ;kfjp
ojokf;, ;'fjbk 85-93

gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk 94-96

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1>tkfjr[ o { ih eh \sfj–

;z d / F gqXkB,
F'w
q Dh r[od[nkok gqpX
z e ew/Nh,
;qh nzfwqs;o.

SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dI Drm pRcwr kmytI gurmiq dy pRcwr qy


pRswr leI sdw hI XqnSIl rhI hY[ ieh ijQy sMgqW nMU gurmiq smwgmW/ kYNpW,
sYmInrW, Dwrimk iPlmW/nwtkW rwhIN gurmiq dI bhup`KI jwxkwrI dyx leI
kwrjSIl hY, auQy hI Awpxy Dwrimk pRIiKAw ivBwg rwhIN dyS dy v`K-v`K sUibAW
ivcly srkwrI Aqy ZYr-srkwrI skUlW/kwljW ivc duinAwvI iv`idAw pRwpq kr
rhy ividAwrQIAW nMU Drm dI iv`idAw gRihx krvwaux dy AwSy nwl ies pRIiKAw
rwhIN gur-ieiqhws, is`K-ieiqhws, gurbwxI Aqy is`K rihq mrXwdw nMU idRVH
krvwaux leI cMgIAW pRwpqIAW kr rhI hY[ Drm pRcwr kmytI hr swl Dwrimk
pRIiKAw ivcoN s&l hox vwly ividAwrQIAW nMU l`KW rupey vzIPy Aqy pRmwx-p`qr
dy ky invwjdI hY[
ljv 2012 dry Ziq f+yji wq[Bg rv'G Zjidqw figdtbj vHg drL[L a"i $a[ s'
fplawJ A[rk a'G b,nrk wvjl a,w \epiqda debjV-siuj fdhvj| ba[ V"rk a'G Wji%rk wvjl
a,w \epiqda debjV-siuj sPuj| cj! dH>siuga dl>z e'e'bjSg-?jvlj wjvu b>Ddq+ali
fjl'G dabji wirjHgbJ m v[tw V[ s'r[G fplawJ Whpa hg rZgbj a[ liv T.e Vjv dabji
wgagbJ u' lqPh drdsbjiogbJ@ Zjidqw bdZbjfwJ a[ l.eaJ rv'G W[h,s fl.s wgagbJ
eHgbJ m dHV%J fplawJ sg q>e } q,Ds[-V;i i,tdsbJ Ziq f+yji wq[Bg rv'G Vrk b{cgLV
Ajfg uj ihg h{ m
q{G duo[ dHhVJ fplawJ s[ v[tw cj! dH>siuga dl>z e'e'bjSg } hjidsw rZjHg ds>sj
hJ@ Rpo[ hg l! laWgi dl>z@ lw,ai-Ziq f+yji wq[Bg ba[ Zjidqw drFje s[ lqPh bqv[
} rZjHg ds>sj hJ m epiqda debjV sj VrJ b{cgLV drdsbjiogbJ } F[B widsbJ q{G bfji
?pLg qdhlPl wi dihj hJ m

r[o{ gzE dk dk;

(ntsko f;zx)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(5)
r[ o wfs frnkB ;z p z X h
r[owfs frnkB dk Fkpfde noE ;gZFN j? fe ;fsr[oK d/ f;XKs dk frnkB
iK r[oK d/ Ekg/ Xow d/ fB:wK dh ikDekoh. nZi ;kv/ gk; fJ; ikDekoh dk w[y
Z
nXko r[o fJfsjk;, r[opkDh, f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk j?, fi; dk
v{x
z k nfXn?B eoe/ fJe f;Zy d/ wB ftu,r[o{ d/ f;Zy j'D dk wkD g?dk jzd
[ k j?.
F'w
q Dh r[od[nkok gqpX
z e ew/Nh dh Xow gquko ew/Nh tb'I ;e{bK-ekbiK
d/ ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgD/ Xow s/ fto;/ gqsh fdOVQ eoB bJh jo ;kb Xkofwe
gqhfynk bJh iKdh j?. fJ; ftu tZvh frDsh ftu ftfdnkoEh Gkr b?Id/ jB. id'A
f;b/p; ftu ;'X eoe/ BtK f;b/p; fB:s ehsk frnk sK fJ; ;pzXh S/thI s'I
pkoQthI F/qDh se doik gfjbk s/ doik d{ik bJh ;zB 2012 ftu d' g[;seK
fbyD dk ;[Gkr w?~ gqkgs j'fJnk. w?I ftfdnkoEhnK d/ gZXo ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ e'fFF
ehsh j? fe ;w[u
Z / f;b/p; ~ ;ob, ;gZFN s/ nkw ;wMD :'r sohe/ Bkb jZb ehsk
ikt/. fJe sK ftfdnkoEh Xkofwe ftZfdnk ~ F"Ae Bkb gVQB,d{;ok Xkofwe
gqhfynk ftu ;\bsk gqkgs eoB bJh T[sFkjs j'D ns/ sh;ok r[owfs frnkB
gqsh ;gZFNsk th j't/.
fJj th ;ZukJh j? fe ni'e/ :[r
Z ftu tkd-fttkd s/ d[fpXk g?dk eoB
tkbh Bhsh Bkb'I ;w/I dh tZvh b'V j? fe f;Zy ftfdnkoEhnK ftu FoXk-GktBk,
f;de, f;woB, r[owfs frnkB, uzrh ftfdnk,uzr/ ;z;eko, ihtB-iku s/ f;Zy
j'D dk wkD g?dk ehsk ikt/. fJ; bJh nekdfwe ftfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb r[owfs
frnkB—fto;/ d/ tko; j'D dk fdqVQ ftFtk;, ;t? dk ftek;, nksw gqrk;
(gqekF) ns/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; g?dk eodk j?. fJ; fwFB ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ Xow gquko
ew/Nh ekoiFhb j?.
epiqda debjV \siuj fdhvj a[ siuj sPuj| s'hJ hg fplawJ sg
drdsbjiogbJ a[ Zjidqw bdZbjfwJ rv'G FifPi f+l.lj h'Hg m Vrk b{cgLV
sg f+wjLVj vHg q{G uo[sji braji dl>z ug@ f+ZjV L+'qSg epispbjij
f+W.Zw wq[Bg ba[ l! laWgi dl>z ug@ lw,ai~Ziq f+yji wq[Bg sj bda
Z.Vrjsg hJ m dHl s[ Vjv bqvj Zjidqw figdtbj drFje@ q{V[ui e'vcV
bjxl{B f+{Kl ba[ lqPh ldhI'eg epiqpt dfbjdibJ sj rg Z.Vrjsg hJ m
160-gqskg n?thfBT{, nzfwqs;o ;fseko ;fjs
w'pkH 098159-85559 vkH fJzdoihs f;zx r'rn
' kDh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(6) r[owfs frnkB
S/t/I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfor' f pz d ;kfjp ih
gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh–
noiB ekfJnk gbfN e? w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh–
ubh ghVh ;'Yhnk o{g[ fdyktfD tko' tkoh–
dfb GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh–
(GkJh r[ o dk; ih)

Gkt noE L

S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/ (;s, ;zsy
' , d:k, Xow, Xhoi d/
ghs/) s/ fJj p]fFF, gzi gho (;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nzrd
d/t ih, ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih, ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih, ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih) s'I gqkgs j'Jh. j[D Smw gho—(S/tI/ ;fsr[o{ ;qh r[o{
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih) r[o Gkoh (tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/) whoh-ghoh
dhnK s/rK gfjB e/ r[osk rZdh T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./

fJj sK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ jh nkgDh ekfJnK (;oho) pdb
e/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk ;o{g XkoB eo fbnk.

j[D ;'YhnK dh ghVQh nZr/ s[o gJh s/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB tko' tkoh nkgDk
o{g fdyktDr/ Gkt tZy-tZy ikfwnK ftu ebk toskT[Dr/.

u"Eh gzesh ftu GkJh r[odk; ih eEB eod/ jB fe S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dfbGziB (d[FwD d/ dbK ~ s'VB tkb/)
;{ow/, tZv/ :'X/ ns/ ;z;ko ~ ;Zu/ Xow dk T[gd/F d/D tkb/ wjkB
goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (7)
;z y / g ihtB doFB—;q h r[ o { jfor' f pz d ;kfjp ih
wksk L— wksk rzrk ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih

gqekF L—19 i{B 1595 JhH

;EkB L—r[o{ eh tvkbh, f}bQk nzfwqs;o

;[gsBhnK L—;qh dw'doh ih, ;qh BkBeh ih, ;qh wjKd/th ih

;zskB L—pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;{oi wZb ih, nDh okfJ ih, nNZb
okfJ ih, (;qh r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih (gzi ;g[s
Z o) ns/ phph tho' ih (;g[s
Z oh)

r[o{ ekb L—25 wJh 1606 JhH s'I 3 wkou 1644 JhH

wjkB ekoi (goT[ g eko)


whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjB e/, ghoh (Grsh) s/ whoh (Fesh)
Gkt Xow s/ okiBhsh dk ;[wb
/ ehsk. Xow s/ ;t?wkD dh oZfynk bJh f;Zy
\"i fsnko ehsh. e"w ~ J/esk ftu g'n
q e/ n}kd j;sh fdqVQ eotkT[D
bJh ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp ih dh ;EkgBk ehsh. nzfwqs;o fty/ b'jrVQ
BkT[I dk febQk pDtkfJnk ns/ e"b;o s/ fpp/e;o—;o'to pDtkJ/. ipo
}[bw Bkb i{MfdnK uko Xow :[X
Z ehs/ s/ u"jK ftu \sfj gkJh. nB/eK
Bro t;kJ/ ns/ f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh d{o-d{o se :ksok ehsh.

i'sh i's L—3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/

e[b
Z T[wo L—48 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 15 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(8) r[owfs frnkB
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb-nt;Ek s/ ftZfdnk L

gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fkdh 1579 JhH ~ fgzv wT[,
f}bQk ibzXo d/ tk;h ;qh feqFB uzd ih dh ;g[s
Z oh rzrk d/th ih Bkb j'Jh.
seohpB 15 ;kb phs rJ/, go nkg d/ xo ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh. nkg dk
tZvk GkJh fgqEh uzd fJj ;wMdk ;h fe r[o{ ih d/ xo e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI, fJ;
bJh w/ok g[s
Z o jh r[orZdh dk tko; j'tr
/ k. fgqEh uzd dh ;[gsBh phph eow'
B/ sK fJe fdB wksk rzrk ih ~ g[s
Z o Bk j'D dk w/jDk th wkfonk.

wksk rzrk ih B/ gzuw gksFkj ih ~ p/Bsh ehsh fe nkg ;z;ko ~


p]fFFK eod/ j', ;G dhnK w[okdK g{ohnK jzd
[ hnK jB, go ;k~ ;zskB dh
dks ed'I gqkgs j'tr
/ h. fJj ;[D e/ r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe pkpk p[Y
Z k ih
r[o{ BkBe xo d/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ wjK g[oy jB. T[jBK dh ;/tk eo' s/
gq;B
z j' e/ T[j p]fFF eoBr/. fJj rZb th ftukoB:'r j? fe Gkt/I gzuw
gksFkj ih ;op ;woZE ;B, go eJh tko r[o{ ebk tosdh j? fe pzdrh
tkbhnK o{jK ~ gqrN eoBk jzd
[ k j?. fJE/ gzuw gksFkj ih nfijh ebk jh
tosk oj/ ;B ns/ @;kX puB# dh Fesh gqrN j'Dh ;h.

gzuw gksFkj ih dh nkfrnk gk e/ wksk rzrk ih B/ fwZ;/ gqFkd/, rzY,/


bZ;h, wZyD nkfd FoXk Bkb fsnko ehs/ ns/ r[o{ eh phV i' nzfwqs;o s'I
thj e[ feb'whNo dh d{oh #s/ ;h, T[E/ gj[u
z rJ/. T[; ;w/I pkpk p[Y
Z k ih dh
T[wo 75 ;kb d/ eohp ;h. pkpk pZY
[ k ih pj[s gq;B
z j'J/ ns/ fit/I fJe fgsk
nkgDh pZuh ~ nFhotkd fdzdk j?, fJ;/ soQK pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/ puB ehsk
fe rzrk ih ! nkg d/ xo gowkswk nfijk wjKpbh g[oy G/ir
/ k i' d[FNK
d/ f;o fJT[I GzBr
/ k fit/I n;hI rzYk GzfBnK j?. r[o fpbk; gksFkjh S/thI
nB[;ko wksk rzrk ih ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/ ;zpX
' B jzf[ dnK \[owkfJnk, @@s[wo/
rqfj gqrN/rk i'Xk.##

fJj ;kX puB ;[D e/ wksk rzrk ih pj[s gq;B


z j'J/ ns/ ][Fh Go/
fjod/ Bkb nzfwqs;o gj[u
z ./

;zB 1595 ftu wkM/ d/ fJbke/ #u pj[s ;]s n"V ekoB ekb g? frnk.
gzuw gksFkj ih ekb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk bJh fgzv-fgzv gj[u
z oj/ ;B.
T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dk fBtk; nkgD/ gfotko ;w/s nzfwqs;o s'I bfjzd/ gk;/
S/ e[ whb dh ftZE #s/ S'N/ fij/ fgzv tvkbh fty/ ;h. nekb g[oy B/ fwjo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (9)
ehsh ns/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih dh nodk; g{oh j'Jh. fJZE/ jh ;qh (r[o){ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK dk gqekF ;EkB
j'D eoe/ j[D fJj fgzv r[o{ eh tvkbh eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?. gzuw
gksFkj ih B/ ;kfjp}kd/ d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu @@;fsr[o ;ku? dhnk G/fi##
Fpd T[uko e/ gowkswk dk F[eokBk ehsk. T[; ;w/I b'eK dh b'V ~ w[y
oZy e/ ;g[s
Z o d/ iBw dh ][Fh ftu ;fsr[oK B/ S/ joNK tkbk y{j
brtkfJnk i' nZi fJe tZvk e;pk S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.

pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh T[wo d/ gfjb/ ;kb nzfwqs;o d/ bfjzd/ gk;/


d/ fgzvK ftu jh phs/. T[Xo gzuw gksFkj ih dk tZvk Gok fgqEh uzd s/ T[;
dh gsBh eow', Jhoyk t; pkb jfor'fpzd ih ~ ]sw eoBk ukj[d
z / ;B.
T[jBK B/ p[oh Bhns Bkb eJh ]{Bh tko ehs/. gfjbK fJe dkJh ~ G/fink,
fi; B/ Sksh T[& g
Z o }fjo bkJh j'Jh ;h. p[oh GktBk fJj ;h fe T[j pkb
~ X'y/ Bkb d[X
Z fgbk e/ wko d/t
/ r
/ h, go }fjo ;]s j'D eoe/ T[j p/jF
'
j' e/ wo rJh. fco fgqEh uzd B/ fJe ;g/o/ ~ G/fink fe T[j pkb d/ ;kjwD/
;ZgK dk swkFk fdykt/rk s/ T[; dk f;ykfJnk ;Zg pkb jfor'fpzd ~ vzr
wko/rk. fJ; xNBk ftu pkb jfor'fpzd ih B/ ;Zg dk f;o nkgDh w[m
Z h ftu
x[N
Z fbnk s/ ;Zg ]sw eo fdZsk. id fJj tko th ]kbh frnk sK fgqEhJ/
B/ fJe o;'JhJ/ okjhI pkb jfor'fpzd ih ~ djhI ftu }fjo fwbk e/ ytkDk
ukfjnk. fJj th G/s y[b
Z Q frnk s/ T[j o;'Jhnk g/N ftu ;]s dod j'D
eoe/ wo frnk.
;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;'u ftuko e/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ tvkbh s'I
nzfwqs;o p[bk fbnk. T[; ;w/I u/ue dh phwkoh th c?bh j'Jh ;h. fJ;
phwkoh dk pkb jfor'fpzd ih T[& g
Z o th jZbk j'fJnk. fJ; phwkoh ~ nZi
ebQ ;wkb g"e; fejk iKdk j? s/ T[; ;w/I ;hsbk wksk dk efjo th fejk
iKdk ;h. e[M b'eK B/ wksk rzrk ih ~ fejk fe ;hsbk dh g{ik eo', go
gzuw gksFkj ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe, T[; fJe nekb g[oy s'I tZvh, j'o e'Jh
Fesh BjhI j?. T[;/ dk jh Bkw ig', ;ko/ d[y
Z d{o j'Dr/.# e[M jh fdBK ftu
pkb jfor'fpzd ih szdo[;s j' rJ/. gzuw gksFkj ih B/ gqG{ d/ F[eokB/ ftu
Fpd T[ukfonk L
;hsbk s/ ofynk fpjkoh– gkopqjw gqG feogk Xkoh–
(gz B k 200)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(10) r[owfs frnkB
fJ; s'I ;k~ fJj f;Zfynk fwbdh j? fe f;Zy B/ fe;/ th d/th-d/ts/ iK
epo-wVQh ~ BjhI wzBDk, ;r'I ;fsr[oK dh pkDh T[& g
Z o Go';k eoe/ f;woB
eoBk j?. n;hI fJe nekb d/ g[ikoh jK s/ r[opkDh s'I tZvk j'o e'Jh th g{ik
iK wzso BjhI j?.

j[D pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh T[wo S/ ;kb dh j' uZe


[ h ;h. fJ; ;w/I gzuw
gksFkj ih d/ gk; GiB pzdrh s/ T[& u
Z h eoBh tkb/ r[of;Zy GkJh r[odk;
ih s/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ;B. gzuw gksFkj ih B/ pkb jfor'fpzd ih dh ftZfdnk
s/ f;ybkJh dh ;/tk pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ~ ;"Ig fdZsh. nZyoh ftZfdnk s/ Bhsh
ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb x'V-;tkoh s/ F;soK dh f;ybkJh th pkb
jfor'fpzd ih ~ fdZsh rJh. T[; ;w/I w[rb
a jkewK dhnK BhshnK s'I th ;k\
fdZ; fojk ;h fe r[o{ xo d/ T[gd/FK Bkb b'eK ftu nkJh ikrosh ~ T[j
g;zd BjhI eo oj/ ;B. fJ;/ bJh F;so ftZfdnk ftu ;qh jfor'fpzd ih dh
w[jkos ~ t/y e/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih efj fdnk eod/ ;B fe fJj i'Xk r[o{ BkBe
xo d/ d'yhnK ns/ ipo-}[bw dk Bk; eo/rk. ;qh jfor'fpzd ih ;ohoe
s"o #s/ pj[s ;[d
z o s/ pbtkB ;B. doFB eoB tkb/ fBjkb j' iKd/ ;B.

(n) S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh r[fonkJh, ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh

f;oiBk s/ f;Zy \"i L


@gzfi fgnkb/ gzi gho - Smw[ gho p?mk r[o Gkoh#

gzuw gksFkj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih 30 wJh 1606 JhH ~ bkj"o fty/
ijKrho pkdFkj dh szr-fdbh s/ Xkofwe eZNVg[D/ eoe/ Fjhd j' rJ/.
gzuw gksFkj ih GftZy pko/ gfjbK jh ikD rJ/ ;B fe ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk
;wK nk fojk j?. bkj"o ~ ikD ;w/I nkg ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ r[osk
rZdh bJh Bh:s eo rJ/ ;B. fJ; d/ Bkb ;qh jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~
skehd th ehsh fe pdb oj/ ;w/I nB[;ko F;sqXkoh j' e/ ofjDk, feT[Ife
j[D fJ; xo Bkb s[oeK dh pD/rh BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ wfj;{; eo fbnk ;h
fe pr?o F;soK d/ f;Zy e"w dk puDk w[Feb j?.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 11 ;kb dh ;h id T[j nkgD/


fgsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd r[osk rZdh @s/ ;[GkfJwkB
j'J./ id'I r[fonkJh dk fsbe brk e/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/ T[; ;w/I dh gqubs

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (11)
ohsh nB[;ko ★ ;/bhQ -N'gh g/F ehsh sK S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ~
;fseko Bkb \[owkfJnk fe pkpk ih ! fJj t;sK j[D
[ s'F]
/ kB/ ftu ;KG
fdU ns/ ;k~ d;sko, ebrh s/ sbtko p]F'.

pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/ gq;B
z j' e/ d;sko ns/ ebrh d/ Bkb ;fsr[oK ~
whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBkJhnK. whoh s'I' Gkt ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftu
nrtkJh eoB tkbh @Fesh# bJh s/r ;h ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt nksfwe wzvb
dh nrtkJh eoB tkbh @Grsh bJh# s/r ;h. fJ;/ eoe/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih
~ whoh-ghoh d/ wkbe fejk iKdk j?. ;fsr[oK B/ d;sko th Fkjh mkm
tkbh ;ikJh ns/ r[osk rZdh t/b/ npd[b
Z k s/ BZE wZb d' YkvhnK B/ fJj
pho o; Gog{o tko rkfJB ehsh L
d' sbtkoK pZXhnK, fJe whoh dh fJe ghoh dh–
fJe n}ws dh fJe oki dh, fJe okyh eo/ t}hoh dh–

fJ;/ bJh fejk iKdk j? fe f;Zy e"w ftu Ykvh tkoK dk gqubs j'Dk
S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh p]fFF j?. fJj pjkdoh d/ o; dh tko ;[D e/ B"itkBK
d/ v"b/ coe/ s/ e"w ftu BtK i'F mkmK wkoB bZrk. fco ;fsr[oK B/ w;zdK
~ s/ T[jBK d/ okjhI ;zrsK ~ j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe nZr/ s'I pkeh G/NktK d/ Bkb
uzr/ x'V/ s/ F;so th fbnkfJnk eo' ns/ nkg th x'V-;tkoh s/ F;so
ubkT[D dh iku f;Zy.' T[; ;w/I ijKrho dk fJj th n?bkB ;h fe e'Jh th
nkgD/ p?mD bJh fBZih EVQk th d' c[N
Z s'I T[& u
Z k BjhI oZy ;edk. ;fsr[oK
B/ @;qh nekb s]s# dh ;EkgBk dk n?bkB ehsk. nodk; eoB T[gozs ;qh
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ s]s ;kfjp dh gfjbh fJZN nkgD/ gftZso eo-
ewbK Bkb oZyh. fJ; s]s ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih ns/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;zgo
{ B
ehsk. fJ; dk t/otk r[ofpbk; gksFkjh S/thI ftu fJT[I doi j? L
fe;h oki Bfj jkE brk:'– p[ZY/ n"o r[odk; pBk:'–

fJ; T[& u
Z / s]s dk neko 14 c[N
Z bzpk, 8 c[N
Z u"Vk s/ 7 c[N
Z T[& u
Z k ;h.
S/tI/ ;fsr[oK ;w/I ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp f;o\ gZe/ EVQ/ d/ o{g ftu ;[Ff' Gs
fojk, fi; T[& g
Z o pkdFkjK tKr f;zxk;B ;ik e/, r[o{ ih d' sbtkoK gfjB
e/ ;h; T[& g
Z o ebrh, w'Y/ T[& g
Z o XB[F s/ shoK dk GZEk ;ik e/ ;zrsK ~


fJj T[B iK o/Fw dh r[d
z thI oZ;h i' ;zs-\eho N'gh iK ;k\/ T[g
Z o pzBd
Q / ;B.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(12) r[owfs frnkB
fBjkb eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;fsr[o{ nfXnksfwe T[gd/F fdzd/ ns/ ;zrsK dh
nrtkJh eod/ ;B. fJ;/ s]s #s/ ;i e/ b'eK d/ MrV/ fBp/Vd/, \?;bk
;[DkT[Id/ s/ j[ewBkw/ ikoh eod/ ;B. id'I fJE/ Ykvh pho o;h tkoK rkT[Id/
sK e"w ftu i'F Godk ;h. fJ; wo:kdk B/ f;Zy e"w ~ T[wkj p]fFnk.
gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd fiBQK f;ZyK T[& g
Z o fBokFk dk gqGkt
;h T[j uVQdh ebk tkb/ wjkB :'X/ pD rJ/. o'}kBk jh f;Zy pj[s T[sFkj
Bkb x'V,/ F;so ns/ itkBhnK G/N eod/. ;fsr[oK B/ u'Dt/I ptzik i'X/
nkgD/ Bkb oZy bJ/ i' f;o eZY itkB ;B s/ T[jBK Bkb \"i dk w[Y
Z pZM
frnk. T[jBK dh uVQs ~ t/yfdnK wkM/, wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ d/ gzi ;" B"itkB
;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu nk Fkwb j'J./ T[jBK B/ fJj th gqD ehsk fe T[j r[o{
xo d/ j[ew dh gkbDk eofdnK f;o-XV dh pk}h bk d/Dr/. ;fsr[oK B/
T[jBK ~ x'V/ s/ F;so fdZs./ fJ; soQK fJe :'fXnK dh \"i fsnko j' rJh.
;fsr[oK B/ fJe Brkok th fsnko eotkfJnk ns/ fBFkB th M[bkfJnk. fJj
;zs-f;gkjhnK dh \"i ;h. fit/I tZXdh skes ~ febQ/ dh b'V jzd
[ h j?, fJt/I
;fsr[oK B/ bzph thuko s'I pknd nzfwqs;o ftu fJe febQk pDkfJnk s/ fJ;
dk BK b'jrVQ oZfynk frnk. f;ZyK dk fJj gfjbk febQk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb
e"w d/ j";b/ j'o p[bd
z j'J/ s/ ;t? ftFtk; dh GktBk pbtkB j'Jh.
f;Zyh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih dh ;];hns dk toBD eofdnK fJj' ftuko fdZsk j? @Smw gho
p?mk r[o Gkoh.# Gkt S/tI/ gksFkj (Smw gho) tZv/ s/i gqskg tkb/ jB. fe;/
ijKrho tor/ }kbw pkdFkj dh gqtkj BjhI, ;r'I d' s/rK gfjBhnK, s]s
f;ofink, j[ewBkw/ G/i,/ \"iK fsnko ehshnK, febQ/ pDkJ/, pho o;h
tkoK gqubs j'JhnK, e"w ~ F;soXkoh pDkfJnk, Brko/ yVe/, fBFkB
M{b/ s/ T[u/ s]s T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j' e/ f;Zy e"w dh nrtkJh ehsh. fJ;
dk w{b nXko eh ;h < S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gzi fgnkb/, @@;s-;zsy
' -d:k-
Xow-Xhoi## d/ ghs/ ns/ fJj p]fFF gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh ;h. fJ;/
~ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ gzi gho fejk j?.
(J) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih pzdh-S'V ;fsr[o{ fet/I ejkJ/ L

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih tZbI' ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk,
f;Zy \"i dh f;oiDk ns/ uVQdh ebk tkbh FkB' F"es ~ t/y e/ r[o-
{ xo
d/ d'yhnK B/ fJj ;kohnK rZbK ijKrho se tXk uVQk e/ g[i
Z dhnK ehshnK.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (13)
T[jBK fejk fe jfor'fpzd ih B/ \"i oZy bJh j?, Brko/ tikT[Id/ jB,
fBFkB M{bd/ jB, fFeko bJh uVQd/ jB, nkgD/ bJh s]s pDk fbnk
j? ns/ ;zrsK T[jBK ~ ;Zuk gksFkj efjzdhnK jB. fJj fJe fdB je{ws
bJh ]soBke ;kps j'Dr/.

w[rb
a pkdFkj fJjBK fsnkohnK s'I vo frnk. T[; B/ gfjbk ezw fJj
ehsk fe gzuw gksFkj ih ~ s;hj/ d/D tkb/ w[os}k ]kB ~ gzikp dk
Btkp Ekg fdZsk. T[; B/ ijKrho e'bI' ;fsr[oK dh frq\skoh d/ j[ew fbnk
e/ t}ho ]kB s/ r[u
z k p/r ~ r[o{ ih gk; G/fink fe T[j nkro/ g/F j'D. r[o{
ih B/ gqwy
Z[ f;ZyK Bkb ;bkj ehsh ns/ fszB e[ ;" ;{ow/ Bkb b? e/ soB
skoB, r'fJzdtkb, d[nkp/ s/ wkbt/ ftu dh j[d
z / j'J/ fdZbh g[i
Z ./ e[M ;wK
pkdFkj B/ T[jBK dk nkdo Gk ehsk ns/ T[jBK ~ g/o
q e/ nkgDk fwZso
pDkT[D dk :sB ehsk. T[; ~ fJj th :ehB j' frnk fe ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih dh Fjhdh B/ f;ZyK ~ s/ T[jBK d/ r[o{ ~ G?-Ghs eoB dh EK, ;r'I
db/o s/ fBoG? eo fdZsk j?. T[; B/ ;'funk fe f;ZyK ~ dpkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.
fJj xNBk 1609 JhH dh j? id ijKrho B/ r[o{ ih ~ Fkjh e?dh dh
j?;hns ftu 12 ;kb dh e?d dk j[ew ;[Dk e/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu G/i
fdZsk. rtkbhno fJe pdBkw febQk ;h. T[; ;w/I fJj rZb gqub
Z s ;h fe
fi; e?dh s'I S[Nekok gkT[Dk jzd
[ k ;h, T[; ~ rtkbhno pzdh pDk e/ G/i
fdZsk iKdk ;h. nepo pkdFkj B/ Fkjh e?dh fJE/ oZyD dh ohs s'oh ;h.
y[;o' dh w"s s'I pknd eJh okig{sK s/ gjkVh okfinK B/ ijKrho dh JhB
BjhI ;h wzBh ns/ prkts ehsh ;h. fJfsjk; ftu fJjBK dh frDsh 52
fbyh j?. fJjBK e?dhnK T[& g
Z o pj[s ;]sh ehsh iKdh ;h.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu nkT[D Bkb


;G e?dh okfinK ftu ][Fh dh bfjo d"V rJh. gfjb/ fdB jh id T[jBK
B/ ;fsr[oK d/ doFB ehs/ sK T[jBK ~ ikfgnk fe ;k~ pzdh ftu'I S[vkD
tkbk wfjow nk frnk j?. ;fsr[oK dh pzdrh tkbh d?th F];hns dk
;GBK T[& g
Z o gqGkt g?Dk e[dosh ;h. T[Xo f;ZyK ftu ;fsr[oK d/ pzdh pDB
Bkb p/uB
? h tZX rJh. pkpk p[Y
Z k ih s/ GkJh r[odk; ih dh nrtkJh j/m f;Zy
e"w B/ o'; eoBk nkozfGnk. oks ~ fwFkbK irk e/ f;Zy Fpd gVQd/ s/
ftykt/ eod/ ;B. eJh iZE/ gzikp s'I uZb e/ rtkbhno g[i
Z d/ s/ febQ/ dh
goeowk eoe/ ifEnK dh Feb ftu tkg; w[Vd/. fJXo fiZE/ f;Zy e"w ftu
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(14) r[owfs frnkB
p/uB
? h ;h, T[Xo ;kJhI whnK who ih th e'fFF ftu ;B. T[jBK dk fJj
gqGkt ;h fe ijKrho dh gsBh B{oijkB Fkdh s'I gfjbK bkj"o fty/ ;kJhI
whnK who ih d/ doFBK bJh eJh tko rJh ;h. T[; T[& g
Z o ;{\h f]nkbK
dk gqGkt ;h. ;kJhI whnK who ih s'I jh gzuw gksFkj ih B/ ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp ih dh BhIj oytkJh ;h. ijKrho d/ j[ew Bkb id gzuw gksFkj
ih ~ Fjhd ehsk frnk sK ;kJhI whnK who ih pj[s p/uB
? oj/ ;B. j[D
T[jBK bJh u[g
Z ofjDk w[Feb j' frnk ;h.
e[M ;w/I pknd ijKrho pj[s ;]s phwko j' frnk. id'I jehwK s'I
mhe j'D dh nk; w[e
Z rJh sK B{oijkB B/ ghoK \ehoK dk ;jkok fbnk.
id B{oijkB nkgD/ gsh ijKrho ~ \eho fB}kw-T[d-dhB n"bhnk gk;
b? e/ nkJh sK T[E/ ;kJhI whnK who ih th p?m/ ;B. ;kok jkb ikD e/ T[;
\eho s/ ;kJhI whnK who ih B/ fejk fe fJj ]soBke phwkoh T[; gho ~
d[y
Z d/D eoe/ j?. fJ; rZb dk ijKrho T[& g
Z o n?;k n;o j'fJnk fe T[;
B/ rbsh bJh gSsktk ehsk. ijKrho B/ tkg; nk e/ ibdh jh ;fsr[oK
dh fojkJh dk j[ew G/fink.

rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu ;fsr[oK dh pzdh dk ;wK ;tk e[ d' ;kb


pDdk j?. t}ho ]kB ;fsr[oK dh fojkJh dk j[ew b? e/ rtkbhno g[i
Z k
sK r[o{ ih B/ fJeZfbnK fojkn j'D s'I fJBeko eo fdZsk. ;fsr[oK
\[owkfJnk, id skJhI fJj p/dF
' / ptzik oki/ e?d ftu'I fojkn Bjh ehs/
iKd/, sd se n;hI th pkjo ikD bJh fsnko BjhI jK. id'I fJj rZb
ijKrho se g[i
Z h sK T[; B/ fejk fe fisB/ e?dh r[o{ dk gZbk cV e/ pkjo
fBeb ikDr/, T[j fojkn j' ikDr/. ;woZE ;fsr[oK B/ ptzik ebhnK
tkbk u'bk gfjB e/ ptzik okfinK ~ pzdh s'I w[es eotkfJnk. fJ;
fJfsjk;e xNBk s'I gqGkts j' e/ f;Zy e"w s/ pkeh ;wki r[o{ ih ~ pzdh
S'V dksk efjD bZr gJ/. fJj xNBk 1612 JhH dh j? id ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih rtkbhno s'I nzfwqs;o gjzu
[ / sK T[j dhtkbh dk fdB ;h. f;ZyK
B/ ][Fh ftu fxT[ d/ dhg ibkJ/ ns/ fwfmnkJhnK tzvhnK. T[; ;w/I s'I f;Zy
gzE dhtkbh d/ fdB ~ pzdh S'V fdt; ti'I wBkT[Idk j?. ni'e/ ;w/I ftu
th fJ; fdB S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ f;oi/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s'I ;qh nekb
s]s ;kfjp d/ iZEd
/ ko ih f;Zy e"w d/ BkT[I ;zdF
/ ikoh eod/ jB.

;fsr[oK d/ fJ; fJfsjk; ~ g/F eofdnK jh fe;/ eth B/ fbfynk,


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (15)
@@pzdh S'V ;fsr[oK, pzdhUI pzdh S[vkfJnk pzdhnK ~#. fJ; s'I pknd
ijKrho ~ nkgD/ gkgK dk n?;k nfj;k; j'fJnk fe T[; B/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih Bkb d[FwDh tkbk ftjko fsnkr e/ fwZsosk g?dk eo bJh.
;fsr[oK B/ th fJ; FKsh d/ ;w/I ftu d{o-d{o se f;Zy Xow dk gquko ehsk.

(;) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gfotko, t;kJ/ Bro s/ n;EkB L

gfotko L—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK fszB ;[gsBhnK ;B.


nkg ih dh gfjbh Fkdh vZbk fBtk;h, ;qh BkokfJD dk; ih dh ;g[s
Z oh
;qh dw'doh ih Bkb j'Jh. fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, phph tho' ih
s/ nDh okfJ ih dk iBw j'fJnk.

;fsr[oK dh d{ih Fkdh pekbk fBtk;h ;qh joh uzd ih dh ;g[s


Z oh
BkBeh ih Bkb j'Jh. wksk BkBeh ih dh e[y
Z I' pkpk nNZb okfJ ih ns/ ;qh
(r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih dk iBw j'fJnk.

;fsr[oK dh sh;oh Fkdh wzfvnkbh fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk okw ih dh


;g[s
Z oh wjKd/th ih Bkb j'Jh s/ fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' ;qh ;{oi wZb ih B/ iBw
fbnk. ;fsr[oK d/ gzi ;g[s
Z o s/ fJe Xh ;h.

t;kJ/ Bro s/ n;EkB L— ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ 1606 JhH


ftu ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ ehsh. ;?fBe
Fesh ~ w[y oZy e/ 1609 JhH ftu b'jrVQ BkT[I dk febQk fsnko eotkfJnk.
fJ; soQK nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fty/ f;ZyK dk gfjbk s]s ns/ gfjbk febQk
;Ekgs j'fJnk. fJ; s'I fJbktk bkj"o d/ febQ/ d/ gk; fiZE/ ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih i'sh i's ;wkJ/ ;B, T[E/ v/jok ;kfjp bkj"o 1612 JhH ftu ;Ekgs
ehsk.
;fsr[oK B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp 1626 JhH ftu efjb{o d/ okik skok uzd
gk;'I }whB ]ohd e/ t;kfJnk ns/ r[o{ ih 1634 JhH ftu fJE/ nk e/ t;/ s/
fco nzs ;w/I se fJE/ jh oj/. fJ;/ soQK wfjoki Bro wkbt/ ftu r[o{ ih
B/ 1627 JhH ftu t;kfJnk. fJe tko f;Zyh dk gquko eod/ eod/ r[o{ ih id
bkj"o rJ/ sK w[ir
z fty/ ;kJhI whnK who ih doFB bJh nkJ/. T[jBK fejk
fe ek}h o[;sw ]kB dh Xh phph e"bK ;kvh w[ohd j? s/ ][dk dh pzdrh
eodh j?. T[j nkg d/ ;fs;zr s'I gqGkts j?. T[; dk fgT[ T[; ~ ek\o j'
rJh ;wM e/ esb eoBk ukjzd
[ k j?, fJ; bJh s[;hI T[; ~ gBkj fdT[.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(16) r[owfs frnkB
;fsr[oK B/ ;kJhI ih Bkb gBkj d/D dk fJeoko ehsk. phph e"bK nzfwqs;o
gj[u
z rJh s/ T[; ~ tZyok wekB fdZsk frnk. T[j GiB pzdrh eodh ojh.
;fsr[oK B/ 1624 JhH ftu fJe skb F[o{ eotkfJnk i' 1627 JhH ftu ;zgo
{ B
j'fJnk. fJ; dk BkT[I phph e"bK d/ BK T[s/ e"b;o oZfynk frnk.

;zB 1628 ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fpp/eh f;zxK d/ fNeD bJh fiZE/ r[o{ ih
f;ZyK ~ T[gd/F eod/ jzd
[ / ;B, T[E/ fpp/e;o ;o'to fsnko eotkfJnk. ;qh
nzfwqs;o ;kfjp d/ gzi ;o'toK ftu'I d' ;o'to e"b;o s/ fpp/e;o S/tI/
gksFkj dh ih p]fFF Bkb fsnko j'J/ jB. fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t
ih B/ 1597 JhH ftu f}bQk r[odk;g[o fty/ jfor'fpzdg[o Bro t;kfJnk ;h.
pknd ftu uzd{ dh Fokos Bkb fJj fgzv GrtkB dk; x/oV ~ fwb frnk.
;zB 1630 ftu id S/tI/ gksFkj ih fJE/ nkJ/ sK fJE/ :[X
Z th j'fJnk. fJE/
;fsr[oK B/ w[;bwkB GoktK bJh fJe w;hs th pDtkJh. ;fsr[oK dh
F];hns ;zpX
z h GkJh r[odk; ih B/ @pv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh# fbfynk j?.
fJ; gqeko pj[ goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ ;w{j XowK dk ;fseko eofdnK
wB[y
Z sk ~ ihtB ihD dh iku f;ykJh.
(j) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ uko izr L

;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o
FkjijkB rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJ; Bt/I pkdFkj dh Bhsh r?o w[;bwkBK gqsh
uzrh BjhI ;h. ijKrho B/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb uzrh B/Vsk
ekfJw eo bJh ;h. T[; ~ r[o{ xo Bkb ehs/ nkgD/ gkgK dk nfj;k; th
}o{o ;h. ;zB 1612 s'I 1627 se FKswJh ;wK ;h. fJXo r[o{ xo dk fwFB
;Zu/ Xow dk gquko s/ g;ko eoBk ;h. Gkt/I ;fsr[oK gk; seVh \"i ;h,
go T[jBK feXo/ th izr ~ gfjb BjhI fdZsh.

T[Xo r[o{ xo d/ d'yh, fijBK ~ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp s/ ijKrho


dh B/Vsk uzrh BjhI bZrdh ;h, T[jBK B/ w"ek gk e/ FkjijkB d/ ezB GoB/
F[o{ eo fdZs./ fJ; ;w/I fgqEh dk g[s
Z o fwjopkB s/ uzd{ dk g[s
Z o eow uzd
gZr tZN Gok pD rJ/. fJjBK B/ th nB/eK ;kiFK xVBhnK F[o{ eo
fdZshnK. d{i/ gk;/ FkjijkB dh Bhsh gfjbK jh mhe BjhI ;h.

;zB 1628 dh xNBk j? fe fJe fdB FkjijkB nzfwqs;o d/ Bidhe


fFeko y/v fojk ;h. T[Xo f;ZyK dk fJe iZEk th fFeko y/vD frnk. Fkjh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (17)
pki ~ f;ZyK d/ pki B/ ik dp'funk. id'I pkdFkj d/ fFekohnK B/ f;ZyK
e'bI' nkgDk pki wzfrnk sK fJjBK fJBeko eo fdZsk. fFekohnK B/
FkjijkB ~ fejk fe nZi f;ZyK B/ pki ~ jZE gkfJnk j? sK eZbQ ski ~ th
gkT[Dr/. FkjijkB d/ efjD s/ fJe \"ih N'bh w[]fb; ]K dh ewkB j/m
G/ih rJh. fJXo r[o{ ih izr bJh fsnko BjhI ;B, feT[Ife T[jBK dh
;g[s
Z oh phph tho' ih d/ ftnkj dh fsnkoh j' ojh ;h. id ;fsr[oK ~
FkjijkB dhnK \"iK dh uVQkJh dk gsk bZrk sK T[jBK B/ nkgD/ ;/teK
Bkb \?;bk ehsk fe Fkjh \"i dk Nkeok ehsk ikt/.

;fsr[oK dh fJj gfjbh izr 1628 JhH ~ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fgZgbh
;kfjp d/ bkr/ w"id
{ k ]kb;k ekbi d/ ;EkB #s/ j'Jh. fJj :ZX
[ fszB fdB
jzd
[ k fojk. Fkjh \"i eJh r[Dk ;h, go fJXo f;Zyh f;de }[bw Bkb vZN
e/ i{fMnk. fJ; izr dk nzs Bk jzd
[ k t/y e/ w[]fb; ]K B/ nkjw' ;kjwD/
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z bJh ;fsr[oK ~ tzrkfonk. dfbGizB r[o ;{ow/ gksFkj B/
w[]fb; ]K ~ gfjbK tko eoB dk ;wK fdZsk, go T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk.
c/o ;fsr[oK B/ yzv/ Bkb n?;k tko ehsk fe w[]fb; ]K Yfj Y/oh j' frnk.
T[; dh w"s s'I pknd Fkjh \"i ~ GkiVK g? rJhnK. f;Zy \"iK dh fiZs j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ g?Id/ ]K nkfd :'fXnK B/ uzr/ eoko/ jZE
fdykJ/. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu w[rb
a K s/ f;ZyK ftueko fJj gfjbh izr ;h.
;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk ns/ Mpkb ik e/ phph tho' ih
d/ ftnkj dh wo:kdk fBGkJh.

;fsr[oK dh d{ih izr 1629 JhH ~ ibzXo d/ jkew npd[b


Z k ]K Bkb
j'Jh. fJj ;qh jfor'fpzdg[o dh izr ejh iKdh j?. fJj Bro gzuw gksFkj
ih B/ 1597 JhH ftu t;kfJnk ;h. ;fsr[oK dh Fjhdh s'I pknd uzd{ dh
Fokos Bkb fJj fgzv,, GrtkB dk; x/oV ~ fwb frnk. nkgDhnK
p[ohnK BhshnK ekoB T[j f;ZyK jZEI' wkfonk frnk. ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih 1630 JhH ftu fJE/ rJ/. GrtkB dk; d/ g[s
Z o osB uzd B/ ibzXo
d/ \"idko npd[b
Z k ]K gk; \fonkd ehsh. T[j tZvh \"i ukVQ fbnkfJnk.
fJE/ xw;kB dk :[X
Z j'fJnk. fJ; :[X
Z ftu npd[b
Z k ]K d/ woB dh d/o ;h
fe T[; dh \"i GZi fBebh. f;Zy \"iK dh \sfj j'Jh. ;fsr[oK dk Bk sK
fe;/ Bkb t?o ;h ns/ Bk jh T[jBK B/ fe;/ Xosh T[& g
Z o ep}k ehsk. fJE/
jfor'fpzdg[o fty/ ;fsr[oK B/ GrtkB dk; x/oV d/ xo tkb/ ;EkB T[& g
Z o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(18) r[owfs frnkB
w[;bwkBK bJh w;hs pDk e/ fdZsh.

;fsr[oK dh shih izr 1631 JhH ~ wkbt/ d/ fgzv wfjoki (wokM) fty/
j'Jh. r[o{ ih T[; fJbke/ ftu Xow gquko bJh rJ/ ;B fe ekpb s'I nkJ/
fJe w;zd B/ tkosk ;[DkJh fe T[j ;fsr[oK bJh fdbpkr s/ r[bpkr Bkw
d/ d' x'V/ ;zrsK tb'I G/N ehs/ fbnk fojk ;h. T[j x'V/ bkj"o d/ Btkp d/
efjD T[s/ \"idko bZbk p/r B/ y'j bJ/ jB. fJj d'tI/ x'V/ GkJh fpXh uzd
ih B/ fJe tko xkjh pD e/ s/ d{ih tko Bi{whnK pD e/ r[o-
{ xo w'V th
fbnKd/. T[Xo Fkjh dopko B/ nkgDh jZse ;wMh. ewo p/r s/ bZbk p/r
thj j}ko d/ brGr \"i b? e/ :[X
Z bJh nkJ/. wfjoki dh y[b
Z hQ i{j ftu
d'jK dbK dk Nkeok j'fJnk. gfjb/ fdB g{ok xw;kB dk :[X
Z j'fJnk s/
f;Zy f;gkjhnK d/ j"I;b/ g{o/ p[bd
z ;B. d{i/ fdB bZbk p/r B/ r[o{ ih ~
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ bZbk p/r ~ tko eoB dh gfjb
fdZsh. id T[; dk tko ]kbh frnk sK r[o{ ih B/ n?;k tko ehsk fe bZbk
p/r d/ Xosh T[& g
Z o fvZrD dh d/o ;h fe Fkjh \"i GZi yb'sh. f;Zy \"iK dh
\sfj j'Jh s/ ;fsr[oK B/ nekb g[oy dk F[eokBk ehsk. fco Fjhd f;ZyK
dk ;;eko ehsk frnk ns/ w[;bwkBK dhnK d/jK ~ dcBkfJnk frnk. fiZE/
fJj izr j'Jh T[E/ r[o{ ih B/ fJe ;o'to @r[o{ ;o# pDtkfJnk i' BEkB/ fgzv
d/ gk; j?.
;fsr[oK dh u"Eh izr 1634 JhH ~ eoskog[o (ibzXo) fty/ j'Jh. r[o{
ih wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ #u Xow gquko eod/ 1632 ftu eoskog[o nk rJ/. shih
izr dk jkb ;[D e/ pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy d{oI' -d{oI' ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB nk
oj/ ;B. ;fsr[oK dh \"i ftu gmkD th B"eo ;B, fijBK ftu g?Id/ ]K th
;h. r[o{ ih B/ fJ; ~ ohM Bkb gkfbnk ;h, go fJj ibdh jh jzekoh j'
frnk. fco fJ; ~ \"i ftZuI' eZY fdZsk frnk. b'e w[jktok j?, @jzekfonk
;' wkfonk.# fJj Bwe jokwh g?Id/ ]K ibzXo d/ \"idko okjhI bkj"o d/
;{pd
/ ko ~ fwb e/ ekb/ ]K dh ewkB j/m tZvh \"i ukVQ fbnkfJnk. fJj
ekb/ ]K T[; w[]fb; ]K dk Gok ;h i' nzfwqs;o dh izr ftu ;fsr[oK jZEI'
d[tb
Z / :[X
Z ftu wkfonk frnk ;h. T[Xo s[oe sB]kjdko ;h s/ fJXo f;Zy
f;gkjh ;t? n}kdh s/ nDy bJh w?dkB/ izr ftu f;de Bkb i{M oj/ ;B.
fJ;/ izr ftu ;fsr[oK d/ s/oK ;kbK d/ ;g[s
Z o s/r wZb ih B/ s/r d/ uzr/ i"jo
ftykJ/ s/ T[jBK ~ r[o{ fgsk ih s'I s/r pjkdo dk fyskp fwfbnk. fJ; izr
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (19)
ftu GkJh fpXh uzd s/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ th seVh nrtkJh ehsh. id
ekb/ ]K s/ n;wkB ]K fJ; izr ftu wko/ rJ/ sK g?Id/ ]K B/ ;fsr[oK ~ nkjw'
;kjwD/ bVkJh bJh bbekfonk. ;fsr[oK B/ T[; ~ th gfjbK tko eoB
dh gfjb fdZsh. T[; B/ jzeko ftu fszB tko ehs/, go id ;fsr[oK B/ tko
ehsk sK g?Id/ ]K Xosh T[& g
Z o Y/oh j' frnk. goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ B/ T[; ~
Ykb dh SK eoe/ fejk, g?Id/ ]K ! ][dk ~ :kd eo b?. g?Id/ ]K dk jzeko
N[N
Z frnk s/ efjzdk, ;Zu/ gksFkj ! s[;hI jh w/o/ ][dk j'. g?Id/ ]K ~ Y/oh
j'fJnk d/y e/ Fkjh ;?Bk d/ jko/ f;gkjh w?dkB SZv e/ BZ; rJ/. eoskog[o
dh izr \sfj j'Jh. ;fsr[oK B/ Fjhd f;ZyK dk ;;eko ehsk ns/ eoskog[o
dh ;zGkb eoe/ ehosg[o ;kfjp tZb otkBk j' rJ/. fJ; soQk ;fsr[oK B/
uko izrK bVhnK ns/ jo tkoh T[jBK dh fiZs j'Jh.

(e) ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd


z ;kfjp ih dk Xow gquko s/ nZrI' r[osk rZdh L

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu 1606 JhH ~ r[osk
rZdh T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./ fJj nkg ih d/ gquko dk jh ewkb ;h fe gzuw
gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh. d{ik
gZy fJj th j? fe ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I pknd S/tI/ gksFkj ih f;Zyh d/
gquko bJh gzikp s'I pkjo d{o-d{o se rJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih T[so ftu eFwho
se ns/ g{op ftu ghbhGhs d/ bkr/ BkBe ws/ se rJ/. ;w/I d/ jkewK d/
dZp/ s/ fbskV/ b'e r[o{ ih d/ gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ XVk XV f;Zyh XkoB
eod/ s/ p/ns
z fjzd{ s/ w[;bwkB f;Zy pD rJ/.

S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb i' th ;pzfXs ;EkB
;B, T[jBK dh :ksok ehsh. T[E/ :kdrkoK th pDkJhnK ns/ fJjBK
r[od[nkfonK ftu pekfJdk g{ik gkm eoB d/ gqpX
z th gZe/ ehs/.

;zB 1612 ftu nkg rtkbhno s'I pzdh okfinK ~ w[es eok e/ o;s/
ftu gquko eod/ nzfwqs;o gXko/ ;B. seohpB 1627 JhH se 15 ;kb dk
;wK FKswJh fojk. r[o{ ih wkM/ ftu f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh rJ/. fJE/ jh uZp/
fgzv dh ;[by
Z Dh BK dh n"os B/ ;fsr[oK gk;'I ;zskB dh dks wzrh ;h. fJ;
d/ xo ;Zs g[s
Z oK B/ iBw fbnk, fijBK B/ ;w/I-;w/I r[o{ xo ftu oZi e/
;/tk ehsh. wkM/ d/ fgzvK ftu Xow gquko eod/ r[o{ ih d[nkp/ d/ fJbke/ ftu
rJ/. nkg B/ w[y
Z fNekDk eoskog[o ;kfjp oZfynk. fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(20) r[owfs frnkB
tjhoK xZs e/ doFBK bJh nkJhnK. ;fsr[oK d/ d?th ;o{g s'I gqGkts j' e/
e[M gmkD th f;Zy \"i ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. fJ; soQK wkM/ s/ d[nkp/ ftu f;Zyh
gqc[Zbs j'Jh.

e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ ;fsr[o{ bkj"o d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. T[E/
gquko d/ Bkb-Bkb ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ gqekF n;EkB u{Bk wzvh bkj"o
dh T[;koh eotkJh. fJE/ ;/tk ;zGkb s/ gquko bJh e[M f;ZyK ~ Bh:s ehsk.
fco nzfwqs;o gos e/ eFwho tZb otkBk j'J./ T[EI' ;zrsK ~ skod/
f;nkbe'N rJ/. fJj ftdtkBK dk Ffjo eoe/ gqf;ZX ;h. fJE/ jh ;fsr[oK
gEohbh Xosh ftu B/}k wko e/ ib eZfYnk s/ fJE/ pknd ftu ;o'to
pDkfJnk frnk. fco ;fsr[o{ ;qhBro g[i
Z / s/ fJE/ fpoX wksk Gkr Goh B/
;fsr[oK ~ u'bk G/N ehsk. fJE/ ;zrsK ftu Gkoh T[sFkj ;h s/ ;zrsK pj[s
FoXk Bkb G/NktK b? e/ jk}o j[d
z hnK. fco eFwho ftu r[o{ ih B/ fszB
wjhB/ d/ eohp mfjokT[ ehsk. fJ; s'I pknd r[ioks o;s/ nkT[IfdnK
\eho Fkj d"bk Bkb tkosk j'Jh sK T[; B/ ;tkb ehsk ;h L

fjzd{ eh s/ ghoh eh <

n"os eh s/ \ehoh eh <

g[s
Z o eh s/ t?okr eh <

d"bs eh s/ fsnkr eh <

fJj ;[D e/ ;fsr[oK B/ i' T[& s


Z o fdZsk, T[; ftu rzGho ow} ;h fe
@@n"os JhwkB, g[s
Z o fBFkB, d"bs r[}okB, \eho Bk fjzd{ Bk
w[;bwkB.##

r[ioks s'I uZb e/ r[o{ ih jkf\}kpkd rJ/ ns/ fJE/ ;zrsK B/ ;fsr[oK
d/ w[yI' ig[ ih ;kfjp d/ noE ;otD ehs/. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih B/ Xow gqukoeK
~ uouk eoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh fe fgnko ;fseko Bkb r'FNh eoe/ f;ZNk
eZYhdk j?. nkgDh fiZd eoe/ yzvB jh eoh ikDk e'Jh f;nkDg BjhI jzd
[ h.
jkf\}kpkd dhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/; fdzd/ ;fsr[o,{ bkj"o d/ okjhI nzfwqs;o
gj[u
z rJ/.

e[M ;wK nzfwqs;o fpsk e/ Xow gquko eod/ j'J/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe wsk
gj[u
z ./ fJE/ i'rhnK d/ Gow d{o ehs/. fJE/ pkpk nbw;s ih f;Zyh dk gquko
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (21)
eod/ ;B. fJE/ ;zrsK doFB eoe/ pj[s fBjkb j'JhnK. r[o{ ih tkg;h ;w/I
po/bh, jfod[nko, foyhe/F ns/ j'o nB/eK ghoK-\ehoK Bkb Xow thukoK
eod/ wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ftu rJ/. wkbt/ ftu fgzv vo'bh fty/ nkg dk ;KY{
GkJh ;kJhI dk; ofjzdk ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ wkbt/ ftu seVk gquko ehsk. e[M
;wK wkbt/ ftu fpsk e/ id ;fsr[o{ nzfwqs;o nkJ/ sK fJe fdB dhtkB
bZrk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe e'Jh f;Zy ig[ ih ;kfjp dk F[X
Z gkm
;[Dkt/. GkJh r[gkbk ih B/ pVh ;zd
[ o b?n ftu F[X
Z gkm ehsk. r[o{ ih B/
GkJh r[gkbk ih dh T[wr
z s'I ][F j' e/ fJe x'Vk p]F fdZsk. fJ; s'I g/o
q Bk
th fwbdh j? fe F[X
Z gkm eoBk ;fsr[o{ dh p]fFF dk gkso pDBk j?. wB'I
wzrhnK w[okdK g{ohnK jzd
[ hnK jB.
fJ;/ soQK fJe tko S/tI/ gksFkj ih ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;g[s
Z o
pkpk ;qh uzd ih ~ fwbD fgzv pkom fty/ rJ/. fJj ;EkB gmkBe'N d/
B}dhe j?. fJE/ nkg B/ tZvk ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh uzd ih ~ ;"Ig
fdZsk. fJ; soQK T[dk;h wZs r[o-
{ xo Bkb jh i[V frnk s/ T[dk;hnK B/ th
f;Zyh gquko bJh pj[s :'rdkB gkfJnk.

;zB 1627 ftu ijKrho dh w"s j' rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd FkjijkB
dh Bhsh r[o{ xo d/ fto[X
Z jh ojh. ;zB 1628 s'I 1634 d/ dofwnkB r[o{ ih
~ uko Xow :[X
Z eoB/ gJ/ s/ fiZs ;fsr[oK dh j'Jh. ;zB 1634 ftu r[o{ ih
gZe/ o{g ftu gfotko ;w/s ehosg[o ;kfjp nk t;/ ns/ nzs se J/E/ jh oj/.
fJE'I ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko nkozfGnk s/ r[owfs gquko bJh eJh EkJhI
T[dk;h f;ZyK ~ th f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh G/fink. fJj gqukoe f;Zyh dh fwFkb
b? e/ EK-EK gj[u
z ./ fi; eoe/ fpjko, pzrkb, nk;kw se f;Zy Xow uzrk
;Ekgs j' frnk. Xow gquko bJh pkpk fpXh uzd ih ~ pzrkb ftu G/fink.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ gzi ;g[s


Z o ;B. fJjBK ftu'I pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih, pkpk nNZb ih s/ nDh okfJ ih ;fsr[oK d/ ihtB ekb ftu
jh nekb ubkDk eo rJ/ ;B. pkpk ;{oi wZb dk M[ekn d[BhnKdkoh tZb
;h s/ ;qh (r[o){ s/ra pjkdo ih fsnkrh ;[Gkn d/ ;B. ;fsr[oK dh fdqFNh
ftu pkpk r[ofdZsk ih d/ S'N/ ;g[s
Z o jfookfJ ih jo/e f}zwt
/ koh fBGkT[D
d/ :'r ;B.

nzs 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(22) r[owfs frnkB
jfookfJ ih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
;zrsK pj[s jh t?okr ftu ;B. ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ih B/ ;GBK ~ Xhoi
fdZsk. ;fsr[oK dh d/j dk ;;eko ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;sb[i d/ ezY/
ehsk frnk. T[; n;EkB dk BK r[od[nkok gskbg[oh ;kfjp gqf;ZX j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—


gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/
ftZfdnk ;pzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh r[fonkJh, ;qh nekb s]s
;kfjp dh f;oiBk s/ f;Zy \"i dh Fesh ;zpX
z h ukBDk gkU.
gqFB (J) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ pzdh S'V ;fsr[o{ feT[I fejk
iKdk j? <
gqFB (;) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ gfotko, t;kJ/ BroK s/
n;EkBK ;zpX
z h ikDekoh fdU.
gqFB (j) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK uko izrK pko/ ukBDk gkU.
gqFB (e) L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk Xow gquko s/ nZrI' r[osk rZdh
dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkg ih dk gqekF 19 i{B 1595 JhH ~ fgzv tvkbh, f}bQk nzfwqs;o
fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw wksk rzrk ih ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t
ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L S/joNk ;kfjp dk eh fJfsjk; j? <
T[& s
Z o L gzuw gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ ;g[s
Z o jfor'fpzd ih d/ gqekF dh ][Fh
ftu, fJbke/ dh gkDh dh b'V ~ w[y
Z oZy e/ S/ joNK tkbk y{j
brtkfJnk, i' j[D S/joNk ;kfjp eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih (23)
ekoi feBQK B/ ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh dk ekoi pkpk p[Y
Z k ih B/
ehsk.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J<
/
T[& s
Z o L gzuw gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 1606 JhH ftu ;qh jfor'fpzd
;kfjp 11 ;kb dh T[wo ftu r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J./
gqFB 6 L whoh-ghoh s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L whoh s'I Gkt Fesh ns/ ghoh s'I Gkt Grsh j?. ;fsr[oK B/ whoh s/
ghoh dhnK d' s/rK gfjBhnK. fJe ;z;koe wkwfbnK ftu nrtkJh
bJh s/ d{ih nksfwe wzvb dh nrtkJh eoB tkbh.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ pzdh S'V ;fsr[o{ feT[I fejk iKdk
j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ 1612 JhH ftu rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftZuI' nkgD/ Bkb 52
e?dh okfinK ~ fojkn eotkfJnk ;h. fJ; bJh r[o{ ih ~ pzdh S'V
;fsr[o{ fejk iKdk j?.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ fezB/ Xow :[X
Z ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ 1628 s'I 1634 JhH d/ d"okB uko Xow :[X
Z ehs/ ns/ u"jK
izrK ftu ;fsr[oK dh \sfj j'Jh.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh ;zskB pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ gzi ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, ;qh nDh okfJ ih, pkpk
nNZb okfJ ih, ;qh (r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih, ;qh ;{oi wZb ih ns/ fJe
;g[s
Z oh phph tho' ih ;h.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ nZrI' r[fonkJh feBQK ~ p]fFF
ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~, i' pkpk r[ofdZsk ih d/
;g[s
Z o ;B, T[jBK ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh. ;fsr[o{ 3 wkou 1644
JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(24) r[owfs frnkB
;Z s t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih
;qh ;fsr[o jfo okfJ ih
p?m/ s]s ;[jkfJ–
gd ;ku/ gksFkj e'
fsBjh e' pfB nkfJ–
(eth ;z s ' y f;z x ih)

fJj gzeshnK eth ;zsy


' f;zx ih dh ouBk jB. nkg dk iBw 1787
JhH ftu ;qH d/tk f;zx d/ xo, wksk oki d/Jh dh e[y
Z I' , fgzv B{o dh ;oK
f}bQk nzfwqs;o (nZi-ebQ f}bQk soB skoB) fty/ j'fJnk. nkg wjkB
ftdtkB ;B. fJjBK B/ bzph fwjBs Bkb @r[o gqskg ;{oi rzE
q # fbfynk,
fi; ftu d;K gksFkjhnK dk fJfsjk;, fpqi GkFk ftu, ekft o{g ftu
nzfes j?. T[go'es gzeshnK ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh wjkB F];hns ;zpX
z h
T[; rzE
q ftu'I bJhnK jB L

Gkt noE L
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih s]s #s/ p?m/ F'G oj/ jB, feT[Ife ;Zu/
gksFkj ih dh gdth T[BKQ ~ jh pD nkT[Idh j?—Gkt T[BKQ dk
p?mDk jh :'r j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (25)
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { jfookfJ ;kfjp ih
wksk L—fBjkb e"o ih

fgsk L—pkpk r[ofdZsk ih

gqekF L—16 iBtoh 1630 JhH

;EkB L—ehosg[o ;kfjp, f}bQk o'gV

;[gsBh L—;qh feqFB e"o ih

;zskB L—;qh okw okfJ s/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih

r[o{ ekb L—3 wkou 1644 JhH s'I 6 nes{po 1661 JhH

wjkB ekoi L (goT[ g eko) L


ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ o'rhnK bJh dtk]kBk pDkfJnk, fi; dhnK
dtkJhnK d{o-d{o se gqf;ZX ;B. pkJh ;" x'V-;tkoK dh fsnko-po-
fsnko \"i oZyh. ekb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk ehsh. d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk
gquko ehsk ns/ tZy-tZy fJbkfenK ftu gqukoe fB:[es ehs/.

i'sh i's L—6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/

e[b T[wo L—31 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 21 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(26) r[owfs frnkB
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk nkozfGe ihtB, gfotko s/ r[osk rZdh
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B. nkg dk gqekF wksk fBjkb e"o ih dh e[y
Z I' 16
iBtoh 1630 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk. nkg dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk
s/ f;ybkJh whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/y
ftu j'Jh. Xkofwe ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb ;fsr[oK B/ F;so ftZfdnk th
f;ykJh. pkb T[wo s'I jh nkg ih ;kX{ ;[Gkn s/ dfJnk Gog{o fjod/ tkb/
;B. ;ohoe s"o #s/ pbtkB ns/ ;{ophoK tkb/ r[D th oZyd/ ;B. whoh ghoh
d/ wkbe ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ g'so/ jfookfJ ih ~ pj[s fgnko eod/ ;B.

;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ih d/ pugB dh gqub


Z s ;kyh j? fe nkg fJe fdB
pkra ftu Nfjb oj/ ;B. jtk uZbD eoe/ nkg d/ ikw/ ftu nV e/ e[M c[b
Z
N[N
Z rJ/. fJj d/y e/ nkg T[jBK p{fNnK gk; yb' rJ/ ns/ wB ftu jh ;'uD
bZr/ fe fJj p/rB
[ kj c[b
Z w/o/ ikw/ Bkb feT[I N[N
Z rJ/ jB. T[; ;w/I S/tI/
gksFkj ih nk rJ/ s/ g[fZ Snk fe p/Nk ! eh ;'u oj/ j' <

;qh jfookfJ ih B/ fejk fe w/ok ikwk fyzvD Bkb fJj p/rB


[ kj c[b
Z
N[N
Z rJ/ jB. fJj ;[D e/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ f;Zfynk fdzfdnK c[owkfJnk,
p/Nk ! id'I tZvk ikwk gfjBhJ/I iK tZvh f}zwt
/ koh bJhJ/ sK ;zGb e/ s[oBk
ukjhdk j?, sK fe fe;/ p/rB
[ kj dk B[e;kB Bk j' ikJ/. fJjBK p'bK okjhI
S/tI/ gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ g'so/ ~ v{x
z h f;Zfynk fdZsh.

fJfsjk;e B}ohJ/ s'I d/yhJ/ sK ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ g{oh
T[wo fJ; f;Zfynk T[& g
Z o gfjok fdZsk. S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ihtB dk gqGkt
fJjBK T[& g
Z o pj[s ;h. T[jBK dk Xow gquko dk Yzr, f;woB, Fpd
thuko, ;zrsK Bkb r'FNh, F;soK dk ;fseko s/ ;w/I-;w/I ;kX{ wjkswk
d/ puB fpbk; nkfd ubd/ ofjzd/ ;B. rZb eh ehosg[o ;kfjp dk wkj"b
jh Xow d/ ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h.
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fszB ;g[s
Z o pkpk r[ofdZsk ih, pkpk
nNZb okfJ ih s/ ;qh nDh okfJ ih T[jBK d/ ihtB ekb ftu jh i'sh i's
;wk rJ/ ;B. ;qh ;{oi wZb ih dk M[ekn d[BhnKdkoh #u f}nkdk ;h s/ ;qh
s/r pjkdo ih fsnkrh ;[Gkn d/ ;B. S/tI/ gksFkj ih r[o
Z sk rZdh bJh ;G
s'I :'r nkgD/ g'so/ ;qh jfookfJ ih ~ ;wMd/ ;B. Gkt/I jfo okfJ ih dk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (27)
tZvk Gok Xho wZb ;h, go ;fsr[o{ T[jd/ bZSDK ~ t/y e/ d{ik fgqEhnk
efjzd/ ;B s/ fJj rZb ;Zu j'J
' h. fJ; dhnK ukbK r[o{ xo d/ fto'X ftu
ojhnK. r[osk rZdh pj[s tZvh f}zwt
/ koh ;h. fJ; bJh ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ nkgD/ g'so/
jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;"Ig fdZsh. T[; ;w/I ;qh r[o{
jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 14 ;kbK d/ eohp ;h. r[fonkJh dh wo:kdk
pkpk p[Y
Z k ih d/ ;g[s
Z o GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.

r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'D ;w/I id ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/
;zrsK ~ T[gd/F fdZsk sK ;G fJj' efj oj/ ;B fe fJjBK ftu dkdk r[o{
tkbh Grsh, Fesh, frnkB s/ gftZsosk T[;/ soQK j?. j[D BkBe i's,
;Zst/I ikw/ ftu ebk tosk ojh ;h. ;fsr[o{ gfjo oks ofjzdh ikrd/,
fJFBkB eoe/ gqG{ pzdrh eod/, ;zrs ftu r[opkDh dk ikg s/ nk;k eh
tko dk ehosB jzd
[ k. ;fsr[o{ ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk; eod/ s/ nodk;
T[gozs bzro gqFkdk Sfenk iKdk.

;fsr[o{ r[opkDh dk fezBk ;fseko eod/ ;B. T[jBK d/ ihtB dh


;kyh j? fe fJe fdB b"Y/ gfjo nkg wzi/ T[s/ b/N/ j'J/ ;B. fJe f;Zy iZEk
doFBK bJh nkfJnk. T[j i'NhnK d/ Fpd rkT[Id/ nk oj/ ;B. ;fsr[oK
d/ ezBhI Fpd dh ntk} gJh sK nkg ibdh Bkb T[m./ ekjbh ftu r'v/
T[& g
Z o ;ZN bZr rJh. r[owfs ftu r[o{ s/ r[o{ dh pkDh fJe o{g jB. fJ; bJh
r[opkDh dk ;fseko, r[o{ dk ;fseko j?. fJ; ;kyh ftu fJj' f;Zfynk
fwbdh j?.

;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih gk; 2200 x'V-;tko ;h. nkg ;zs f;gkjh
;B, go nwB s/ nkg;h GkJhuko/ dh Bhsh T[& g
Z o ubD bJh fdqVQ ;B.
;fsr[o{ i/eo fFeko bJh th iKd/ sK fe;/ ikBto ~ wkoB Bkb'I T[; ~
ihT{Idk geVBk ;fsr[oK dk F"Ie ;h. T[jBK B/ nB/eK fe;w d/ ikBto
geV e/ tkV/ ftu SZv fdZs/ ns/ fJe oZy pDk fdZsh. d{o-d{o s'I b'e fJj
e"se d/yD bJh nkT[Id/ s/ j?okB th jzd
[ ./

;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih dh T[wo 17 ;kb ;h id 1647 JhH ~ nkg
dk ftnkj, T[so gqd;
/ d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk okw ih dh ;g[s
Z oh ;qh feqFB
e"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ xo ;qh okw okfJ ns/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ih

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(28) r[owfs frnkB
d' ;g[s
Z oK B/ iBw fbnk.

j[D phs/ eJh ;kbK s'I ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ f;Zyh dh xkVs xVh ik
ojh ;h s/ Xow gquko j' fojk ;h. T[; ~ ;Ekgs eoBk s/ nZrI' gk;ko eoBk
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh tZvh f}zwt
/ koh pD rJh ;h. fJ; bJh nkgD/
r[osk ekb d"okB ;fsr[oK B/ jo gZyI' f;Zyh d/ gquko dk ekoi ;zGkfbnk.

(n) ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tZbI' f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's L
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk iZ; ;G gk;/ ;{oi dhnK feoBK tKr
c?b fojk ;h. T[jBK d/ dopko dh FkB th fBokbh ;h. nkg ih raohpK s/
b'VtzdK dh ;/tk ;zGkb tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdzd/ ;B. id ;zrsK doFBK
bJh nkT[IdhnK sK T[jBK ~ g[S
Z d/ fe s[;hI bzro ubkT[Id/ j' s/ tzv e/ Sed/
j'.
;zB 1646 ftu gzikp ftu ekb g? frnk. whIj Bk g?D eoe/ gzikp dk
p[ok jkb ;h. FkjijkB B/ fiE/ Fkjh ]}kB/ ftZuI' e[M bzro y[b
Z t
Q kJ/, T[E/
;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ekb ghVQsK dh pj[s wdd ehsh. tZy-tZy
;{fpnK ftu ;[yh tZ;d/ f;ZyK B/ th ;fsr[oK d/ ]ikB/ ftu fdb y'bQ e/ fjZ;k
gkfJnk. fJj nkgD/ nkg ftu Xow dk gquko ;h, feT[Ife e'Jh th Xow sd
tXdk c[bdk j?, id T[j b'VtzdK dh jo gZyI' wdd eoB d/ :'r j't./ f;Zy
Xow tb'I ehs/ b'e GbkJh d/ ezwK B/ b'eK dk wB ;dk jh fiZfsnk j?.

f;Zy Xow d/ gquko ~ w[y


Z oZy e/ ;fsr[oK B/ wkM/, wkbt/, d[nkp/ ftu
bzpk ;wK r[}kfonk. BBekDk ;kfjp, eoskog[o, f;nkbe'N s/ izw{
eFwho se th Xow gquko bJh rJ/. ;fsr[oK d/ fgsk pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/
pkpk ;qh uzd ih Bkb fwbkg s'I pknd f;Zyh gquko bJh uko w[y
Z e/Ido X{DI/
Ekg/ ;B. X{D
z I/ s'I Gkt rZdh dk n;EkB j?. fJ; gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ ;qh
r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh e[M j'o gquko d/ fNekD/
p]fFFK d/ o{g ftu Ekg/. fco jo/e p]fFF T[dk;h f;ZyK d/ ;g[od ehsh.
fJjBK ftu ftF/F ;h, @;[Eo/ Fkjh p]fFF, Grs GrtkBhJ/ ns/ ;zrs
;kfjphJ/#.
@;[Eo/ Fkjh p]fFF# dk w[yh ;[Eo/ Fkj ;h. fJ; B/ fdZbh ftu s/ j'o
d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk. fJ;/ soQK @Grs GrtkBhJ/ p]fFF# dk
w[yh Grs GrtkB ;h. fJ; B/ nkgD/ T[dk;h f;ZyK Bkb g{op ns/ fpjko
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (29)
d/ fJbke/ ftu f;Zy Xow dk gquko ehsk. @;zrs ;kfjphJ/# p]fFF dk w[yh
GkJh c/o{ ih ;h s/ fJ; dk gfjbk BK ;zrshnk ;h. fJ; B/ oki;EkB d/
fJbke/ ftu f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk. fJ; s'I fJbktk r[o{ ih B/ wkbt/ ftu th
Xow d/ gqukoe fB:[es ehs/.

;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ihtB ftu'I Xow gquko dk fJe j'o
wip{s gZy ;h fe fiE/ T[j GNedh b'ekJh ~ Bkw o{gh dko{ Bkb no'r
eod/ ;B, T[E/ sB d/ o'rhnK dh szdo[;sh bJh T[jBK B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp
fty/ dtk]kBk y'fbQnk. fJE/ pj[s jh ehwsh s/ d[obZG dtkJhnK wzrk e/
oZyhnK. e'Jh th o'rh fe;/ th ;w/I nk ikt/, T[; ~ w[\s dtkJh fwbdh ;h.
f;Zy Xow d/ gk;ko bJh fJj rZb tZvk noE oZydh ;h. ;fsr[oK dk fJj
dtk]kBk J/Bk gqf;ZX j' frnk fe pj[s d{oI' -d{oI' b'e dtkJh b?D nkfJnk
eod/ ;B.
fJ;/ soQK fJe tkoh FkjijkB dk g[s
Z o dkok fFe'j pj[s phwko j'
frnk. Fkjh jehwK B/ ftF/F tiB dk b"Ir, joV s/ riw'sh, dtkJh bJh
fbnkT[D tk;s/ fejk. fJj ;G t;sK ;fsr[oK d/ dtk]kB/ ftu ;B. fJe
gk;/ FkjijkB B/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I r[o{ xo Bkb g{oh NZeo bJh ;h,
go r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;opZs dk Gbk j?. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih B/ dtkJh
bJh b'VhIdhnK ;G t;sK nkgD/ dtk]kB/ ftu'I d/ fdZshnK s/ dkok fFe'j
szdo[;s j' frnk. FkjijkB ~ nkgDh rbsh dk nfj;k; j'fJnk s/ dkok
fFe'j B/ ehosg[o ;kfjp gj[u
z e/ ;fsr[oK dk XzBtkd ehsk.
id'I 1658 JhH ftu FkjijkB d/ g[s
Z oK dofwnkB fdZbh d/ s]s bJh
bVkJh tX rJh sK r[o{ ih B/ dkok fFe'j dh fpnk; d/ ezY/ n"or
z }
a p
/ dh
\"i ~ o'e e/ wdd ehsh. id n"or
z }
a p
/ nkgD/ fgsk ~ e?d eoe/ s/ GoktK
~ wko w[ek e/ pkdFkj pD frnk sK T[; B/ s]s #s/ p?mD s'I pknd ibdh
jh ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk G/fink. r[o{ ih
nkg sK Bk rJ/, go nkgD/ tZv/ g[s
Z o ;qh okw okfJ ~ fdZbh G/i fdZsk.
;fsr[oK B/ jdkfJs th ehsh fe i' rZb g[S
Z h ikt/ ;jh-;jh T[so d/Dk j?.
T[IM ;qh okw okfJ pj[s jk}o itkp ;B. n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ ;qh okw okfJ s'I f;Zy
Xow pko/ eJh ;tkb g[S
Z / sK T[jBK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh ftukoXkok
nB[;ko Y[et/I itkp fdZs./ fJe fdB n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ r[opkDh ftu'I @fwNh
w[;bwkB eh g/V? gJh e[fwnko# d/ noE g[S
Z / sK okw okfJ r[o{ nkF/ s'I fEVe
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(30) r[owfs frnkB
frnk. T[; B/ efj fdZsk fe fwNh w[;bwkB eh Fpd BjhI, ;r'I fwNh
p/JhwkB eh j?. fJ; rZb dk id ;fsr[oK ~ gsk bZrk sK nkg B/ \[owkfJnk
fe nZi s'I okw okfJ ;kv/ wZE/ th Bk bZr./ r[o{ ih B/ r[opkDh dh gzesh ~
pdbD tkbh rZb ;fjD Bk ehsh. fJ; s'I pknd okw okfJ B/ eJh jZEezv/
tos/ s/ bkj"o d/ jkewK se r[osk rZdh gqkgs eoB bJh gjzu
[ th ehsh.
n"or
z }
a p
/ B/ d{B dk fJbkek T[; ~ ikrho ti'I d/ fdZsk. w[y
Z o{g ftu
n"or
z }
a p
/ , okw okfJ ~ nkgD/ tZ; eoe/ r[o{ xo ~ d' ckV eoBk ukjzd
[ k
;h. nfij/ ;w/I ftu ;fsr[oK B/ Xow gquko ftu yV's BjhI nkT[D fdZsh,
;r'I f;Zy Xow d{o d{o se c?fbnk. ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zy
f;XKsK dh wip{sh bJh nkgD/ tZv/ g[s
Z o ~ fsnkr fdZsk.

;fsr[o{ f;Zyh gquko bJh ekoiFhb oj/. id T[jBK B/ ikD fbnk fe


;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk fojk j? sK ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[s
Z o ;qh
jfofeqFB ih ~ r[osk rZdh bJh Bh:s ehsk. nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[s
Z o ~
r[fonkJh p]F e/ ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih fwsh 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~
ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. nkg ih dh d/j dk ;;eko ;sb[i
d/ ezY/ r[od[nkok gskbg[oh d/ ;EkB #s/ ehsk frnk. nkg ih ;kY/ ;skoK
;kb d/ eohp r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB oj/ ns/ 31 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 21 fdB
d/ eohp T[wo G'rh. nkg ih s'I pknd ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih r[osk
rZdh T[&&Zgo ;[GkfJwkB j'J./

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—


gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk nkozfGe ihtB, goftko s/ r[osk
rZdh d/ fJfsjk; pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tZbI' f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's
;wkT[D d/ fJfsjk; T[& g
Z o ukBDk gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 16 iBtoh 1630 JhH ~
ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;' <

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (31)
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dh wksk ih dk Bkw, wksk fBjkb e"o ns/ fgsk dk Bkw
pkpk r[ofdZsk ih ;h.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh fezBKQ
dh fBrokBh j/m j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh w[Y
Z bh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh whoh-
ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb
eh foFsk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ih d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B. foFs/ ftu S/tI/ gksFkj, ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ
;kfjp ih d/ dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 3 wkou
1644 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;"Ig
fdZsh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 14 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[osk rZdh dh wo:kdk fezBKQ B/
fBGkJh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh r[fonkJh dh wo:kdk pkpk p[Y
Z k ih
d/ ;g[s
Z o GkJh GkBk ih B/ fBGkJh.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ ftnkj s/ ;zskB pko/ dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj 1647 JhH ~ T[so gqd;
/ d/ fBtk;h ;qh dfJnk
okw ih dh ;g[s
Z oh ;qh feqFB e"o ih Bkb j'fJnk. nkg d/ rqfj fty/
;qh okw okfJ s/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ih d' ;g[s
Z oK iBw fbnk.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ f;Zy Xow d/ gquko bJh eh-eh :sB
ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ fiZE/ nkg d{o-d{o se f;Zyh dk gquko ehsk, T[E/ Xow
gquko bJh e[M fNekD/ p]fFFK d/ o{g ftu ;Ekgs ehs/. fJj ;[Eo/
Fkjh p]fFF, Grs GrtkBhJ/ ns/ ;zrs ;kfjphJ/ p]fFF Bkb ikD/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(32) r[owfs frnkB
iKd/ ;B.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ehosg[o fty/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh
eh gqpX
z ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ o'rhnK d/ fJbki bJh ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ dtk]kBk
y'fbQnk. fJE/ fpBK fe;/ G/d Gkt d/ jo fJe ~ w[\s dtkJh
fwbdh ;h.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ nZrI' r[osk rZdh fezBKQ ~ p]fFF
ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nkgD/ S'N/ ;g[s
Z o ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[osk rZdh bJh
Bh:s ehsk ns/ r[o{ ih 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih (33)
nZ m t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { jfofeq F B ;kfjp ih
;qh jfofeqFB irs r[o GJ/–
d/F fpd/FfB wfjI fpd sJ/–
;op'sw e/ s]s fpoki/–
fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/–
(eth ;z s ' y f;z x ih)

fJj gzeshnK eth ;zsy


' f;zx ih dhnK ouhnK jB. fJj ;qh r[o gqskg
;{oi rzE
q ftu jB—fJ; rzE
q dk Gkt @r[o{ ;kfjpK d/ gqskg dk ;{oi j?.
fJj gqeoD nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'D ;w/I dk j?.
Gkt noE L

;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih irs d/ r[o{ pD rJ/. fJj rZb d/FK
ftd/FK ftu gqrN j' rJh. r[o{ ih ;G s'I T[& s
Z w s]s (r[o{ BkBe xo dh
rZdh) T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J./ fijBK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[y
Z d{o j'
iKd/ jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(34) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { jfofeq F B ;kfjp ih

wksk L—wksk feqFB e"o ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ih

gqekF L—7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH

;EkB L—;qh ehosg[o ;kfjp

r[o{ ekb L—6 nes{po 1661 JhH s'I 30 wkou 1664 JhH
wjkB ekoi (T[ g eko) L

n"or
z }/p tor/ ubke pkdFkj dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk ns/ T[;
~ doFB d/D s'I fJBekoh j' e/ f;Zyh f;XKsK ~ ekfJw oZfynk. SZi{ MhT{o
s'I rhsk d/ noE eotk e/ eow eKvh jzekoh gzfvs dk jzeko d{o ehsk.
nkgD/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh bJh wjkB u'D ehsh. fdZbh fty/ u/ue ghVsK
dh ;/tk eofdnK, d[BhnK d/ d[y
Z d{o eofdnK nkgD/ gqkD fsnkr/.

i'sh i's L—30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/

e[b
Z T[wo L—7 ;kb 8 wjhB/ 23 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (35)
(T) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[Y
Z bk ihtB, r[osk rZdh s/
;wekbh jkbks L
f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpK ftZuI' nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;G
s'I S'Nh T[wo d/ j'J/ jB. f;Zy Xow ftu T[wo S'Nh iK tZvh eoe/ r[o{ o[spk
BjhI, ;r'I r[o{ i's d/ gqekF dk BkT[I r[o{ j?. fJ; bJh Gkt/I nZmt/I gksFkj
ih dh ;z;koh T[wo S'Nh ;h, go r[o{ i's dh Fesh eoe/ ezw tZv/ jB. ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ GrT[sh ih eh tko dh gfjbh gT[Vh oufdnK T[;
ftu gfjb/ B"I r[o{ ;kfjpkB ih dh wfjwk toBD ehsh j?. nZmt/I gksFkj
ih dh wfjwk fJT[I fpnkB ehsh j? L
;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm? ;fG d[y ikfJ–

Gkt ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ fXnkT[Idk jK s/ fijBK d/ doFB


eoB Bkb ;ko/ d[y
Z d{o j' iKd/ jB.
;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ d' ;kfjp}kd/ ;B, pkpk
okw okfJ ih ns/ ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih. ;qh (r[o){ jfofeqFB ;kfjp
ih dk gqekF 7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH ~ wksk ;qh feqFB e"o ih dh e[y
Z I' ehosg[o
;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk. nkg dh gkbDk g';Dk r[owsh ozr #u ozr/ wkj"b ftu
j'Jh. ;fsr[oK dk fujok e'wb s/ wBw'jDk ;h.

T[Xo okw okfJ ih B/ fdZbh fty/ n"or


z }
a p
/ pkdFkj d/ gqGkt j/m nk
e/, T[; ~ ][F eoB bJh r[opkDh dh s[e pdb fdZsh. fJ; s'I ;qh r[o{
jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ fBoDk eo fbnk ;h fe ;qh jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih jh
r[orZdh dh f}zwt
/ koh fBGkT[D d/ :'r jB. id'I ;Zst/I gksFkj ih B/
nB[Gt ehsk fe ;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk frnk j? sK T[jBK B/ i'sh
i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 6 nes{po 1661 JhH ~ ;qh jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~
r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh. ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih id r[osk rZdh #s/
;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK nkg ih dh T[wo ;tk gzi ;kb d/ eohp ;h.
nfXnksfwe ozr ftu ozr/ j'J/ ;fsr[oK B/ S'Nh T[wo ftu tZvh f}zwt
/ koh
;zGkbh. fJZE/ ;z;ko B/ nksfwe Fesh dk gqskg t/fynk. fJ;/ ;zpX
z h GkJh
Bzd bkb ih B/ fbfynk j? fe, @;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;kohnK
f;nkDgK s/ fwjoK d/ Gzvko jB.#★

r[o{ jfo feqFB nK jwK c}b' }{d–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(36) r[owfs frnkB
i/ eo ;wekbh jkbksK dh rZb eohJ/ sK fJe gk;/ n"or
z }/p tork
ubke pkdFkj s/ d{ik okw okfJ r[osk rZdh b?D bJh jo jhbk tos
fojk ;h. T[; B/ Xho wZb Bkb ;bkj eoe/ e[M w;zdK ~ th nkgD/ Bkb
i'V fbnk. Gkt/I T[; ~ f;Zy ;zrsK B/ wzj
{ Bk bkfJnk, go T[; B/ n"or
z }/p
gk; fFekfJs ehsh. n"or
z }/p th okw okfJ ~ ;oekoh BhshnK nB[;ko
ubkT[Dk ukjzd
[ k ;h. d{i/ gk;/ nZmt/I gksFkj ih se g{o/ d/F ftu f;Zyh dk
pj[s tZvk nXko pD frnk ;h. n"or
z }/p ;wMdk ;h fe r[o{ xo ftu c[N
Z
gk e/ w[rb
a je{ws ~ e'Jh ]sok BjhI j'tr
/ k. fJj th T[; dk Gow ;h,
feT[Ife r[o{ BkBe xo dk fto'X fe;/ Xow iK fcoe/ Bkb BjhI ;h, ;r'I
ipo, }[bw, nfBnK s/ gkyzvtkd Bkb ;h.

shi/ pqkjwD c/o jZEezv/ tos e/ ;wki ftu nkgDk n;o o;{y ekfJw
eoBk ukjzd
[ / ;B. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fpgotkd dk i{bk ;wki d/ rb'I tZvh gZXo
#s/ bkj fdZsk ;h. fJj th w"e/ dh skV ftu ;B. nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I
dh fJe xNBk j? i' g'Lq ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbyh j?. @@fJe fdB ;qh r[o{
jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih gkbeh ftu ;tko j' e/ pkjo ;?o ~ ik oj/ ;B.
pqkjwDK dk f;ykfJnk fJe e'jVk pqkjwD gkbeh d/ nZr/ nk b/fNnk s/ o'r
ok}h eokT[D bJh sob/ eoB bZrk.

pqkjwDK d/ i{b/ j/mI' eZYh j'Jh raohp iBsk ~ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[; ikb
ftu c;D BjhI ;h d/Dk. nkg B/ nkgD/ jZE w{j
z g{M
z D tkbk o[wkb T[; ~
d/ e/ nkfrnk ehsh fe fJj o[wkb nkgD/ fgzv/ #s/ c/fonk eo s/ nodk;
efonk eo. r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;G e[M j?. e'jVh ok}h j' frnk. fJj
ukb pqkjwDK ~ g[m
Z h gJh. r[o{ xo dh F'Gk ;r'I tXD bZr gJh.##

fJ; soQK ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ jo jkbs dk Nkeok nkgDh


nksfwe Fesh s/ d{o nzdF
/ h Bkb ehsk. fJ;/ ~ eth ;zsy
' f;zx ih fJT[I
fbyd/ jB—@;op'sw e/ sys fpoki/# Gkt ;fsr[o{ ;G s'I T[& s
Z w s]s
T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ s/ @fiB do;B s/ ;zeN Gki/#, Gkt fijBK d/ doFB
eoB Bkb ;G d[y
Z d{o j' iKd/ jB. nZmt/I gksFkj ih dh fJ; soQK dh d?th
F];hns ;h.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (37)
(n) ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dh fdZbh c/oh, n"or
z }/p dh Bhsh s/
i'sh i's L
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokB
n"or
z }/p ;h. T[j pj[s eZNV w[;bwkB ;h. T[; B/ 1660 JhH ftu ;Zst/I
gksFkj ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk xZfbnk ;h. ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh
n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h fJj okfJ ;h L
#Bfj wb/S e' doFB d? j?I.#

T[jBK B/ nkgD/ ;g[s


Z o ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ th fJj'
nkfrnk ehsh ;h.

1664 JhH ~ n"or


z }/p B/ nZmt/I gksFkj ih ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh ;Zdk
G/fink. n"or
z }/p B/ fwo}k okik i? f;zx ~ j[ew fdZsk fe r[o{ jfofeqFB
;kfjp ~ fdZbh nkT[D bJh g/o
q Bk ehsh ikt/. okik i? f;zx B/ ;fsr[oK tZb
;Zdk gZso G/fink. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fdZbh dhnK ;zrsK dh p/Bsh ;h fe okw
okfJ dhnK ukbK s'I f;Zy ;zrs ~ ;[us
/ ehsk ikt/. T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh
T[wo ;kY/ ;Zs ;kb d/ eohp ;h. f;Zy e"w bJh fJe goy dk ;wK ;h. ;zrsK
~ gzuw gksFkj s/ S/tI/ gksFkj tkbhnK xNBktK :kd ;B. ;qh r[o{
jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ ;G e[M ;'u ftuko e/ \?;bk ehsk fe n;hI fdZbh
iktKr/. ehosg[o ;kfjp s'I f;ZXk dZyD tZb fdZbh dk ck;bk d' e[ ;" whb
pDdk j?. f;Zy ;zrsK dk tZvk fJeZm Bkb j' s[fonk. ;fsr[o{ ih ;Zm e[ whb
dk ck;bk w[ek e/ nzpkb/ d/ fJbke/ ftu gziy
' o/ gjzu
[ ./ u'Dt/I f;ZyK s'I fpBk
pkeh ;zrsK ~ w'V fdZsk.
fJE/ ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ gk; tZvk fJeZm d/y e/ fJe bkb
uzd Bkwh pqkjwD s'I ifonk Bk frnk. T[j f;ZyK ~ ;[Dk e/ efjD bZrk fe
d[nkgo d/ ntsko ;qh feqFB ih B/ sK rhsk fbyh ;h s/ fJj ;Zs-nZm ;kbK
d/ pkb nkgD/ nkg ~ jfofeqFB ;kfjp r[o{ nytKd/ jB. i/ eo fJjBK ftu
e'Jh ;woZEk j? sK feqFB ih dh rhsk d/ fe;/ ;b'e d/ noE eo e/ ftyk d/D.
;fsr[oK dk gfjbK th e[M eow eKvh pqkjwDK Bkb tkj g? u[e
Z k ;h. nkg
ih bkb uzd dh wkBf;esk ~ ;wMd/ ;B. ;fsr[o{ efjD bZr/ fe i/ eo r[o{
BkBe xo dhnK p]fFFK dh poes }o{o jh t/yDh j? sK ;kE'I i' wo}h g[S
Z '
ns/ i/ eo fe;/ ~ th b? nkU, s[jkvh s;Zbh T[; s'I eotk fdnKr/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(38) r[owfs frnkB
T[j ubke pqkjwD fJe SZi{ Bkwh MhT{o ~ b? nkfJnk, fi; ~ b'e
w{oy nkyd/ ;B. ;fsr[oK B/ SZi{ d/ f;o T[& g
Z o nkgDh ;'Nh dk fJe f;ok
oZy e/, bkb uzd ~ nkfynk fe g[S
Z ,' i' s[;hI g[S
Z Dk ukjzd
[ / j'. j[D bkb uzd
i' ;tkb eo/, SZi{ MNgN T[& s
Z o d/Jh ikt/. ;fsr[oK dh wfjwk d{o-d{o se
c?b rJh. jzekoh pqkjwD ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK #s/ Yfj fgnk.

fJE'I ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih EB/;o, e[oy/so, gkBhgs s'I jzd
[ /
j'J/ ;zrsK ;w/s fdZbh g[i
Z ./ ;fsr[oK B/ okik i? f;zx d/ wfjb ftu T[skok
ehsk. fJE/ j[D r[od[nkok @pzrbk ;kfjp# j?. okik i? f;zx dh okDh B/
;fsr[oK d/ doFBK dh fJZSk th gqrN ehsh, go Bkb fe;/ Gow nXhB
gqhfynk th eoBh ukjh. T[; B/ j'o nwho xokfDnK dhnK n"osK ~ Bkb
b? fbnk s/ wB ftu Xkfonk fe i/ eo r[o{ ih ;Zu/ j'Dr/ sK w/oh gfjukD
eoBr/. ;fsr[oK B/ fJeZm ftu okDh ~ gfjukD fbnk s/ T[; dh FoXk j'o
th gZeh j'Jh.
fdZbh fty/ ftF/F xNBk tkgoh fe ;fsr[oK B/ n"or
z }/p ~ doFB d/D
s'I BKj eo fdZsh. fJj e'Jh S'Nh fijh xNBk BjhI ;h. fiZE/ ;w/I d/ pkdFkj
d/ doFBK ~ b'e sob/ b?Id/ ;B T[E/ r[o{ gksFkj ih B/ fwbD s'I th
fJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ pkdFkj ;fsr[oK d/ doFB eoB bJh T[vhe eodk
fojk. T[Ii n"or
z }/p gk; ehosg[o s'I b? e/ fdZbh se gj[u
z D dhnK ;kohnK
]poK gj[u
z rJhnK ;B. T[; B/ ;fsr[oK d/ nksfwe frnkB pko/ th ikD
fbnk ;h. fJ;/ bJh T[; B/ okw okfJ dk gZy BjhI fbnk s/ T[; ~ v/jokd{B
d/ fJbke/ ftu ikrho sK gZeh eo fdZsh, go T[; d/ r[o{ pDB tkbh
jwkfJs BjhI ehsh. T[; B/ d/y fbnk fe f;Zy ;zrsK dh FoXk fe; gk;/
j?. fJ; bJh ;fsr[oK dh nksfwe Fesh dk fJj gZy ftukoB tkbk j? fe
T[jBK B/ n"or
z }/p tor/ ubke dh Bhsh s'I f;Zyh ~ pukfJnk.
id ;fsr[o{ ih fdZbh gjzu
[ / ;B sK T[E/ u/ue dh phwkoh c?bh j'Jh ;h.
u/ue S{s dh phwkoh j?. fJ; Bkb s/} skg uVQ e/ ;oho ftu ;]s ghVk
jzd
[ h j?. ;oho T[& g
Z o Skb/ j' iKd/ jB. r[o{ ih fdZbh gj[u
z fdnK jh d[yhnK
raohpK dh ;jkfJsk eoB bZr gJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ r[o{ BkBe xo dh Xow
wo:kdk ~ ekfJw oZyfdnK o'r ghVs fJbkfenK ftu ik e/ jo gZyI' wdd
ehsh. fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK T[& g
Z o th u/ue dk jZbk j' frnk. okik i? f;zx B/
pkjo iwBk d/ ezY/ fJe y[b
Z /Q ;EkB T[& g
Z o ;fsr[oK d/ fNekD/ dk gqpX
z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (39)
eotk fdZsk. ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ nkgDk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK
B/V/ ikD e/ e'b p?mhnK ;zrsK ~ T[gd/F ehsk fe @pkpk pekb/ j?.# fJ;
s'I Gkt ;h fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[osk rZdh ;zGkbD tkb/ wjK g[oy fgzv pekb/
ftu jB. fwsh 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih fdZbh fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ ;fsr[oK d/ gzi G{se ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnk
T[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp# ;[Ff' Gs j?. fJ;/ ~ GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/
ekft o{g ftu fJT[I fbfynk j? L
jfofeqFB G:' n;Nw pbphok–
fiB gj[zu dj/bh (fdZbh) sfiU ;ohok–

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—


gqFB (T) L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[Y
Z bk ihtB, r[osk rZdh s/
;wekbh jkbks pko/ ukBDk gkT[.
gqFB (n) L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dh fdZbh c/oh, n"or
z }/p dh Bhsh
s/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk gqekF 7 i[bkJh 1656 JhH ~ ehosg[o
;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh wksk dk Bkw wksk feqFB e"o ns/ fgsk ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ
;kfjp ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ed'I ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK 6 nes{po
1661 JhH ~ ;qh jfofeqFB ih ~ r[fonkJh p]fFF ehsh.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpX
z h ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh wfjwk fpnkB eofdnK d;w/F fgsk ih B/ Gr"sh eh tko
dh gfjbh gT[Vh ftu fbfynk j?, @;qh jfofeqFB fXnkJhn? fi;[ fvm?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(40) r[owfs frnkB
;fG d[y ikfJ.#
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih pko/ eth ;zsy
' f;zx ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L eth ;zsy
' f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih ;G s'I T[& s
Z w s]s
T[& g
Z o ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ ns/ fiBQK d/ doFB eoB Bkb ;G d[y
Z d{o j'
iKd/ jB.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ;zpX
z h GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih
;kohnK f;nkDgK s/ fwjoK d/ Gzvko jB.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ j[ewokB
e"D ;h <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I fdZbh d/ s]s #s/ n"or
z }/p j[ewokB ;h.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih ~ n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h r[o{ fgsk ih dh
eh nkfrnk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L ;Zst/I gksFkj ih dh n"or
z }/p ;zpX
z h fJj okfJ ;h, @Bfj wb/S e'
doFB d? j?I.#
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih B/ fe; gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ gziy
' o/ fty/ SZi{ MhT{o gk;'I rhsk d/ noE eotkJ/.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih i'sh i's ed'I s/ feZE/ ;wkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. fiE/ T[BKQ
d/ ;oho dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @pkbk ;kfjp, ;[Ff' Gs
j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nZmt/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih (41)
B" t / I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih
fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–
;kXfB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh–
;h;[ dhnk go[ ;h B T[uoh–
Xow j/s ;kek fifB ehnk–
;h;[ dhnk go[ f;oo[ B dhnk–
(pfuZsq BkNe)

Gkt noE L

T[go'es gzeshnK ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh d/ ;zpX


z
ftu—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe, nkgDh nksw eEk ftu
fbyhnK jB.
nkgDk pbhdkB d/ e/ B"tI/ gksFkj ih B/ fjzd{ Xow d/ fsbe s/ izR{
~ puk fbnk. efb:[r ftu Fjhdh gk e/ ;fsr[oK B/ pj[s tZvk ;kek eo
fdykfJnk. Gb/ b'eK bJh GfbnkJh eofdnK e[opkBh dh jZd eo fdZsh.
nkgDk ;h; e[opkB eo fdZsk, go w[y
Z I' @;h# se Bk T[ukoh. fJe Xow dh
oZfynk bJh fJj wjkB ;kek ehsk. ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDk ;h; sK tko fdZsk,
go f;de Bk SZfvnk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(42) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih

wksk L—wksk BkBeh ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih

gqekF L—1 ng?b


q 1621 JhH

;EkB L—;qh nzfwqs;o (r[o{ e/ wfjb)

;[gsBh L—wksk r[ioh ih

;zskB L—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

r[o{ ekb L—30 wkou 1664 JhH s'I 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH
wjkB ekoi (goT[ g eko) L

f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh gzikp s/ g{oph Gkos dk d"ok ehsk. @@G? ekj{ eT[
d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkB## d/ f;XKs #s/ gfjok fdzd/ j'J,/ fjzd{ Xow s/
;GBK bJh Xkofwe n}kdh fjs nkgDk pbhdkB d/ e/ ;wki ~ fBoG?
pDkfJnk. nkg ih dh T[ukoB ehsh pkDh ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ftu doi j?.

Fjhdh L—11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/

e[b
Z T[wo L—54 ;kb 7 wjhB/ 10 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (43)
(T) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nkozGe ihtB s/ r[fonkJh L
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih, S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/
;G s'I S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ ;B. nkg dk gqekF 1 ng?b
q 1621 JhH ~ wksk BkBeh
ih dh e[y
Z I' ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ r[o{ e/ wfjbK ftu j'fJnk. j[D fJj ;EkB r[o{
p}ko ftu r[od[nkok r[o{ e/ wfjb eoe/ ikfDnK iKdk j?. nkg d/ fgsk
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 1630 JhH se nzfwqs;o oj/ ns/ fco T[j
gfotko ;w/s eoskog[o (f}bQk ibzXo) ub/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; gqeko r[o{ s/ra
pjkdo ih dh T[wo d/ gfjb/ 9 ;kb ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ jh phs/. nkg ih
pugB s'I jh ;zs ;o{g, pj[s rzGho s/ T[& u
Z h fposh d/ wkbe ;B. nkg ih
dh ftZfdnk s/ f;ybkJh S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh d/y o/y j/m j'Jh. nkg ~
r[opkDh s/ Xow rzE
q K dh ftZfdnk d/ Bkb-Bkb F;soK dh tos'I s/ x'V-
;tkoh nkfd dh f;ybkJh eotkJh rJh.

;qh (r[o){ s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj eoskog[o fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzd
ih dh ;g[s
Z oh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' ;zB
1666 ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF j'fJnk.

id 1634 JhH ftu eoskog[o fty/ S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh u"Eh izr j'Jh
sK fJ; izr ftu ;qh (r[o){ s/ra pjkdo ih B/ s/ra d/ seV/ jZE ftykJ/ ns/
nkgD/ nkg ~ s/ra dk XBh ;kps ehsk. T[; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo 14 ;kb
d/ eohp ;h.

;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 3 wkou 1644 JhH ~ ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. T[; s'I pknd i' r[o{ fgsk j[ew eo rJ/ ;B, ;qh s/r
pjkdo ih nkgDh wksk BkBeh ih s/ ;[gsBh ;qh r[ioh ih ;w/s pekb/ nk
e/ ofjD bZr gJ/. pekbk Bro wksk BkBeh ih d/ g/e/ ;B s/ s/r pjkdo
ih dk BkBek fgzv ;h. fJE/ nkg ;XkoB fij/ wekB ftu ofjzd/ ns/ tZX
s'I tZX ;wK Bkw f;woB ftu bhB ofjzd/ ;B. ihtB pj[s ;kdk, gftZso
s/ Grsh GktBk tkbk r[ikod/ ;B. fJE/ GiB pzdrh ftu 20 ;kb phs rJ/.
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih 30 wkou 1664 JhH ~ fdZbh fty/ i'sh i's
;wk rJ/. i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'I gfjbK ;zrsK ~ fJj puB eo rJ/ fe T[jBK
d/ fgZSI' r[fonkJh dh f}w/tkoh T[jBK d/ pkpk i' pekbk fty/ fBtk;
eod/ jB, T[ j fBGkT[ D r/ . nZ m t/ I gksFkj ih d/ puB ;B, @pkpk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(44) r[owfs frnkB
pekb/ j? # . foFs/ ftu th ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih, nZmt/I gksFkj ih d/
dkdk ih bZrd/ ;B. gzikph ftu @pkpk# Fpd dkd/ bJh th ne;o tofsnk
iKdk j?.

pkpk pekb/ j? tkbh rZb id d{o-d{o c?b rJh sK w"e/ dk bkG


T[mkD bJh pekb/ ftu pkJh ;'Yh rZdhnK bk e/ p?m rJ/. fJjBK ;kfonK
~ Gow ;h fe ;kv/ ftZuI' jh fe;/ ~ r[o{ wzB fbnk ikt/rk. fJjBK ftu pkpk
Xho wZb sK ;G s'I ftF/F ;B, feT[Ife fJjBK gk; GkJh r[odk; ih dh
fbyh j'Jh nkfd phV ;h. f;Zy ;zrsK pekb/ sK nkJhnK, go pkJh
dknt/dko t/y e/ fBokFsk j'Jh.

;w/I-;w/I nekb dh ebk tosdh j?. fJ; rZb ~ fJe ;kb phs frnk
fe wkou 1665 ftu wZyD Fkj b[pkDk BkT[I dk fJe FoXkb{ gzi ;" w'joK
dh eko G/Nk b? e/ pekbk fty/ g[i
Z k. T[j J/B/ r[o{ pD/ t/y e/ go/FkB j'
frnk. T[; B/ nodk; ehsh fe ;Zu/ gksFkj ih ! s[;hI nkg jh w?~ d[fpXk
ftu'I eZY.' GkJh wZyD Fkj jo fJe nZr/ d'-d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/eh frnk.
pkJh wzihnK tkb/ nZi eZbQ d/ d/jXkoh gkyzvhnK tKr{z ][F j'-j' e/ n;h;K
d/Jh rJ/. T[; ~ s;Zbh feXo'I th Bk j'Jh. T[; B/ fe;/ FoXkb{ s'I g[fZ Snk
fe j'o th ;'Yh fJE/ j?. T[; Gb/ g[oF B/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;qh s/ra pjkdo
ih dh dZ; gkJh. GkJh wZyD Fkj B/ id d' w'joK oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk sK
;fsr[o{ w[;eok e/ efjD bZr,/ fJj d' w'joK feT[I < r[o{ dh nwkBs fdZsh
jh uzrh j[d
z h j?. GkJh wZyD Fkj ih B/ gzi ;" w'joK r[o{ uoBK #s/ Xo e/ wZEk
N/fenk. fco T[; B/ e'm/ uVQ e/ gZbk c/fonk ns/ T[& u
Z h-T[& u
Z h g[ekoB bZrk,
r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/-r[o{ bkX' o/HHHHHH.

fJ; soQK pkJh wzihnK tkb/ gkyzvhnK dk gki th T[xV frnk s/ ;Zu/
r[o{ gqrN j' rJ/. f;Zy ;zrsK ~ pj[s ][Fh j'Jh s/ jzw
[ j[wk e/ ;zrsK pekbk
fty/ gj[u
z hnK. fJ; soQK 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih d/ g'so/ pkpk
r[ofdZsk ih B/ ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. r[o{ ih B/ r[osk
rZdh dh f}zwt
/ koh ;zGkbh. T[; ;w/I nkg ih dh T[wo 44 ;kb ;h.
(n) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nBzdg[o t;kT[Dk s/ Xow gquko L
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih d/ r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB jzf[ dnK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (45)
jh gkyzvh r[o{ xo' xoh ub/ rJ/. Xho wZb B/ e[M w;zdK ~ Bkb b? e/ r[o{
ih T[& g
Z o jwbk ehsk. T[j f;Zy ;zrsK tZbI' p[oh soQK fcNekfonk frnk.
;fsr[oK B/ fco th T[; ~ w[nk\ eo fdZsk. e[M ;wK pkpk pekbk fty/ ofjD
T[gozs r[o{ ih soB skoB, yv{o ;kfjp s/ r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp dh :ksok
eoe/ ;qh nzfwqs;o gZi
[ ./ ;qh nekb s]s d/ gk; fiE/ j[D r[od[nkok EVQk
;kfjp j?, fJE/ fJe p/oh EZb/ nk fpoki/. fJE'I id ;fsr[o{ ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp d/ doFBK ~ rJ/ sK Jhoyk dh nZr ftu ib oj/ g[ikohnK B/ dotk}/
pzd eo fdZs./ r[o{ ih pkjo'I jh doFB eoe/ tkg; ub/ rJ/. fJE'I uZb e/
;fsr[o{ uko whb d/ ck;b/ #s/ @tZbk# fgzv g[i
Z ./ id'I nzfwqs;o dhnK ;zrsK
~ gsk bZrk sK ;zrsK tjhoK xZs e/ g[i
Z hnK. nzfwqs;o d/ g[ikohnK tZbI' ehs/
wkV/ ftjko bJh w[nk\h th wzrh. ;fsr[o{ nfs gq;B
z j'J./ fiE/ ;fsr[o{
fpoki/ ;B,fJE/ tZbk fgzv ftu r[od[nkok dwdwk ;kfjp j?.

r[o{ ih B/ wkM/ ftu r[o n;EkBK dh :ksok eoB s'I pknd ehosg[o
ikD dk \?;bk ehsk. ehosg[o ;kfjp th XhowZbhnK d/ jwkfJshnK dk
tshok mhe BjhI ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzv
wky'tkb dh }whB w[b
Z b? e/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ nBzdg[o dh BhIj oZyh.
fJ; Bro dk gfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I
#s/ oZfynk ;h, i' pknd ftu nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ BK Bkb gqf;ZX j'fJnk.
fJj ;EkB ehosg[o ;kfjp s'I gzi e[ whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. E'V/ wjhfBnK ftu
jh fJj Bro tZ; frnk.
fi; gqeko pZdb nB/e ;EkBK #s/ pkoF eoe/ sgd/ ;z;ko ~ mzY
gkT[Id/ jB, T[;/ soQK goT[gekoh ;fsr[oK B/ bzpk GqwD eoe/ nksfwe
T[gd/FK Bkb ;z;ko ~ skfonk. ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo ih B/ ;qh nBzdg[o
;kfjp s'I Xow gquko bJh bzph :ksok ehsh. e[M T[x/ f;Zy th Bkb rJ/.
fJ; :ksok dk fJe ekoB sK f;Zy ;zrsK Bkb w/b i'b eoBk ;h, feT[Ife
gfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I nZmt/I gksFkj ih se f;Zy ;zrsK pj[s d{o-d{o se
;Ekgs j' u[e
Z hnK ;B. d{;ok n"or
z }/p dhnK rabs BhshnK eoe/ e[M b'e
eFN MZb oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ iE/pd
z eoBk s/ d[y
Z sebh\K dk jZb eoBk
th }o{oh ;h. r[o{ ih gfotko ns/ w[yh f;ZyK ;w/s ehosg[o s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ wkbt/
ftu nkJ/. fJE/ nB/e b'e ;yh ;oto d/ th T[gkFe ;B. T[jBK ~ fJe gqG{
d/ Bkw f;woB dk T[gd/F fdZsk. ;kp' eh sbtzvh s'I XwXkD Bro GkJh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(46) r[owfs frnkB
whjK ih ~ fJbke/ dk gqukoe fB:[es ehsk. ;zrsK Bkb puB fpbk;
eod/, f;Zyh fdqVQ eotkT[Id/, ;fsr[o{ ih e[oy/so s/ EB/;o rJ/. fJE/ nkg
ih dh :kd ftu fJfsjk;e r[od[nko/ jB. fJE'I r[o{ ih iwBk gko eoe/
:{HghH gj[u
z ./ fJE/ ;fs;zr jzd
[ k fojk. fJE/ nB/eK b'eK ~ swke{ ghD s'I
tofink ns/ fJ; dhnK p[fonkJhnK s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk. fJE'I wEok s/
nkro/ s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ fsqtD
/ h (gqkr) gj[u
z ./ T[; s'I nZr/ eKFh dh ;zrs B/ pj[s
jh g/w
q Bkb ;/tk ehsh. fJE/ ;fsr[oK dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp j?. nZr/
;;okw s'I j[d
z / j'J/ r:k gj[u
z ./ fJE'I Xow dk T[gd/F eod/ ;fsr[o{ gNBk
nkJ/. gNB/ ftu ;zrs B/ ;fsr[oK d/ fBtk; bJh wekB pDtkfJnk. fJE/
j[D ;qh jfowzdo gNBk ;kfjp j? i' gziK s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?. ;fsr[oK
B/ e[M ;wK gNBk fty/ fBtk; ehsk. ;fs;zrs jzd
[ k fojk s/ fco gfotko
~ fJZE/ SZv e/ r[o{ ih B/ nk;kw s/ pzrkb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh.

r[o{ ih fpjko s'I jzd


[ / j'J/ pzrkb ftu rJ/ ns/ Yke/ ftu fBtk; ehsk.
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih gfjbh T[dk;h ;w/I fJE/ rJ/ ;B. fJE/ pj[s ;ko/ g/w
q h
f;Zy ;B. ;fsr[o{ ni/ Yke/ ftu jh ;B fe d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih d/ iBw XkoB dh ]po gjzu
[ h. ;fsr[oK B/ gNB/ dh ;zrs ~ T[jBK
d/ gfotko dh ;/tk eoB eoe/ XzBtkd eofdnK ;zrsK d/ BK j[ewBkwk
G/fink. fco Yke/ s'I r[o{ ih n;kw gqKs tZb ub/ rJ/. fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ d'
;kb d/ eohp f;Zyh gquko ehsk.

fJj 1669 JhH dh xNBk j? id r[o{ ih n;kw-pzrkb tZb nkJ/ j'J/


;B sK n"or
z }/p B/ ;ko/ Gkos bJh fJe j[ew ikoh ehsk fe ek\oK dhnK
;G gkmFkbK s/ wzdo Ykj fdZs/ ikD. T[jBK dhnK Xkofwe o;wK s/
ftZfdnk ~ ]sw ehsk ikt/. fJ; Bkb jkjkeko wZu rJh. i' fJ;bkw ep{b
eo bt/, T[; ~ ;jkfJsk s/ fJBkw fwbdk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ fJj jkbks ikD
e/ S/sh jh gzikp ~ gosD dh fsnkoh ehsh. ;fsr[o{ gfjbK gNBk ;kfjp
gj[u
z / ns/ gfotko ~ fwb/. fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ nkgD/ ;g[s
Z o r'fpzd okfJ ~
gfjbh tko t/fynk. gNBk ;kfjp fty/ E'VkQ ;wK r[}ko e/ r[o{ ih pBko;
s/ n:[fXnk FfjoK ftu dh jzd
[ / j'J/ YkJh fszB wjhfBnK d/ ftu nBzdg[o
;kfjp gj[u
z rJ/. T[gozs ibdh jh r[o{ ih B/ ;ko/ gfotko ~ gNB/ s'I
nBzdg[o ;kfjp wzrtk fbnk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (47)
(J) n"or
z }/p dk nZfsnkuko s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih gk; eFwhoh
gzvsK dh g[eko L
w[rb
a pkdFkjK ftu'I n"or
z }/p pj[s ubke s/ BhshtkB ;h. T[; B/
1658 JhH s'I b? e/ 1707 JhH se oki ehsk. fJ; ;w/I d"okB Gkos ftu jo
gk;/ nFKsh jh ojh. fJ; B/ Xow dh nkV j/m okiBhse s"o #s/ pj[s jh
}[bw ehs/. s]s jfEnkT[D bJh nkgD/ d' Gok dkok s/ w[okd ~ wotk
fdZsk ns/ fJe Gok F[ikj ~ d/F fBekbk d/ fdZsk. o"FB nkok G?D ~
jbek-jbek }fjo d/ e/ wko w[ekfJnk. nkgD/ fgsk FkjijkB ~ e?d
eoe/ oZfynk, fiZE/ T[j e?d ftu jh 1666 JhH ~ c"s j' frnk. nkgD/ ehs/
j'J/ gkgK dh ekby X'D bJh n"or
z }/p nkgD/ nkg ~ fJ;bkw dk okyk th
}kjo eodk fojk. nfij/ }kbw j[ewokB d/ jzf[ dnK r?o w[;bwkB fet/I
uzrk ihtB ihn ;ed/ ;B.

w[rb
a je{ws pj[s G?Vh okiBhsh dh fFeko j' rJh ;h. n"or
z }/p B/
w[;bwkB ;{\h \ehoK ~ th BjhI p]fFnk. fjzd{ Xow T[& s
Z / g{oh ;]sh F[o{
j' rJh. T[jBK d/ g[okD/ wzdo s/ gkmFkbK Ykj e/ w;fidK ftu spdhb
ehsk frnk. ;ko/ T[& s
Z oh s/ g{oph Gkos ftu n"or
z }/p d/ j[ew Bkb ;]sh
dh bfjo ubkJh rJh. fjzdn
{ K T[& g
Z o i}hnk brkfJnk frnk. T[jBK d/
Xkofwe w/fbnK T[& g
Z o gkpzdhnK bk fdZshnK. T[jBK ~ ;oekoh B"eohnK
s'I eZfYnk ikD bZfrnk.
T[Xo fjzd{ e"w d/ nkr{ sK pqkjwD ;B ns/ iK F;sqXkoh okig{s
yZsoh ;B. yZsoh b'e w[rb
a K dk jZE m'ek pD e/ T[bNk fjzdn
{ K T[& g
Z o jh
}[bw eoB bZr gJ/ ns/ pqkjwD b'e nBgVQ fjzd{ iBsk ~ c'eN eow
eKvK s/ GowK d/ ikb ftu c;k e/ fJjBK ~ o'Nh o'}h dk nXko ;wM oj/
;B. fJjBK jkbsK ftu fjzd{ ;wki nkr{ jhD pD u[e
Z k ;h.

T[; ;w/I eFwho gzvsK dk tZvk rVQ ;h s/ fJe rZb gqf;ZX ;h fe


eFwho ftu pj[s ftdtkB gzfvs ofjzd/ ;B. n"or
z }/p B/ 1674 JhH ftu
\?;bk ehsk fe r?o w[;bwkBK ~ w[;bwkB pDkfJnk ikt/. T[; B/ ;G s'I
gfjbK eFwho ~ jh u[fDnK. fJe sK eFwhoh gzfvs ftdtkB eoe/ gqf;ZX
;B. T[; dk f]nkb ;h fe i/ eo fJj b'e fJ;bkw ep{b eo b?Dr/ sK
pkeh iBsk ~ s'VBk e'Jh n"yk BjhI. d{ik eFwho dhnK jZdK d{i/ d/FK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(48) r[owfs frnkB
Bkb bZrdhnK jB, fJ; soQK fJ;bkw dk gqGkt tX/rk. shik fJj b'e g{ik
dk XkB ykD tkb/ jB s/ fJjBK ~ vok Xwek e/ iK bkbu d/ e/ th fJ;bkw
tZb g/fq onk ik ;edk j?.

fJjBK jkbsK ftu fJ\s]ko eFwho dk rtoBo ;h. T[; B/ Fkjh


Bhsh nB[;ko eFwho d/ pqkjwDK T[& g
Z o pj[s nZfsnkuko ehs/ s/ T[jBK ~
ipohI w[;bwkB pDkT[D dk jo ;zGt :sB ehsk. eFwhoh b'e ;qh r[o{
noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh s/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dh s/ra s'I uzrh
soQK tke\ ;B. fJ; bJh eFwhoh gzfvsK B/ w[rb
a K dh s/ra nZr/ M[eD s'I
gfjbK ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nk;ok fbnk.
gzfvs feogk okw dh nrtkJh j/m ;'bKQ eFwhoh pqkjwDK dk fJe
t\d ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp g[i
Z k. 25 wJh 1675 JhH ~ T[jBK dh w[bkeks ;qh
r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb j'Jh. gzfvs feogk okw r[o{ BkBe xo dh d[yhnK
dk dod tzvkT[D tkbh GktBk s'I gfjbK jh ikD{z ;h. d{;ok ;qh r[o{ s/r
pjkdo ih dh wfjwk d{o-d{o se c?bh j'Jh ;h.

;fsr[oK B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK d/ d[y


Z ~ pj[s jwdodh Bkb ;[fDnK.
r[o{ ih B/ fJj th \[owkfJnk fe fJj ;zeN sK Nb ;edk j?, i/ eo e'Jh
wjkB ftnesh pbhdkB d/t./
fJj ;[D e/ gk; p?m/ ;qh r'fpzd okfJ ih B/ fejk fe fgsk ih ! s[jkv/
s'I wjkB ftnesh fco e"D j' ;edk j?. fJj ;[D e/ ;koh ;zrs ftu T[sFkj
s/ pho o; Sk frnk.

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ fejk, s[;hI p/-FZe


pkdFkj ~ fby G/i' fe r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kv/ Xkofwe ofjpo jB. i/ eo
T[j fJ;bkw ep{b eo b?D sK n;hI ;ko/ jh fJ;bkw ep{b eo btKr/.

@@G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkfB## fJj ;b'e ;qh r[o{ s/r
pjkdo ih dk ofunk j?. Gkt fe;/ ~ vo d/Dk th BjhI s/ fe;/ dk vo wzBDk
th BjhI. ;fsr[oK B/ eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ ;jkok d/ e/ n;b ftu fJ; ;b'e
dh jh ftnkfynk eo fdZsh. r[o{ ih dk nB[Gt ;h fe pbhdkB fdZs/ s'I pr?o
fJ; w[rb
a je{ws d/ }[bw ~ o'fenk th BjhI ik ;edk. i/ eo b'eK d/
fdbK ftu'I w"s dk vo d{o j'tr
/ k sK jh T[j uzrk ihtB ihn ;eDr/. fJ;
soQK r[o{ ih B/ n"or
z }/p d/ }[bw ~ tzrkfonk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (49)
(;) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh L
eFwhoh gzfvsK B/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk \[owkD eFwho gj[u
z
e/ ;{p/ ~ fJzi jh ;[Dk fdZsk. id fJj ;koh rZb n"or
z }/p se gjzu
[ h sK T[;
B/ j[ew ehsk fe r[o{ s/r pjkdo ~ frq\sko eoe/ fdZbh fbnKdk ikt/.

T[Xo eFwhoh gzfvsK ~ nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I ftdk eoe/ ;fsr[oK B/


b'eK ftu ikrosh g?dk eoB ns/ }[bw d/ Nkeo/ bJh fsnko eoB tk;s/
gqr
' okw T[bhfenk. ;fsr[oK ~ nB[Gt ;h fe e[opkBh ;w/I dh b'V j?. r[o{
ih B/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I uZbD t/b/ ;zrsK ~ puB ehsk fe ;kv/ s'I
pknd r[fonkJh dh f}zwt
/ koh r'fpzd okfJ ih ;zGkbDr/. ;qh r[o{ gzE gqekF
ftu fbfynk fe , @fco x[N
Z e/ p/N/ r'fpzd okfJ ih ~ iZch gkJh ns/
ftdkfJrh bJh.#

r[o{ ih ;dk jh fJB;k\, ;ZukJh, db/oh s/ JhwkBdkoh tkbk ihtB


ihT{D bJh ;zrsK ~ g/o
/q d/ ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih voB tkb/ ~ ekfJo s/ vokT[D
tkb/ ~ ikpo ;wMd/ ;B. fwsh 11 i[bkJh 1675 ~ r[o{ ih gzi f;ZyK ;w/s
;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I otkBk j'J/. nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I ehosg[o,
gfNnkbk, ;wkDk, ihId, o'jse jzd
[ / j'J/ o;s/ ftu irQk-irQk ;zrsK ~
T[gd/F fdzd/ r[o{ ih nkrok gj[u
z rJ/.
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ~ f;ZyK ;w/s nkro/ s'I frq\sko eoe/ fdZbh
fbnKdk frnk. T[; ;w/I Gkt/I n"or
z }/p fdZbh ftu BjhI ;h, go T[; d/ j[ew
Bkb jh ;G e[M j' fojk ;h. n"or
z }/p d/ G/i/ j[ew nB[;ko ;EkBe jkewK
B/ r[o{ ih nZr/ fszB FosK oZyhnK, @fJ;bkw ep{b eo', eokwks ftykU iK
w"s ep{b eo'.#
;fsr[oK B/ T[& s
Z o fdZsk fe ;kv/ bJh nkgDk Xow fgnkok j?. eokwks
efjo dk BK j?, fJj n;K fdykT[Dh BjhI i' r[o{ nkF/ d/ T[bN j?. sh;oh
ojh w"s dh rZb, fJ; ~ n;hI gqtkB eod/ jK. i/ eo fe;/ }[bw ~ fwNkT[D
bJh ;oho fwN th ikt/ sK fJ; B/ sK fJe fdB fwN jh ikDk j?.

fJj ;[D e/ ;fsr[oK ~ Fjhd eoB bJh j[ew ikoh j'fJnk. w[rb
a
jkewK tZbI' b'eK ftu je{ws dk vo g?dk eoB bJh fdZbh ftu fJ; dh
w[Bkdh eotkJh rJh. fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu t/yD tkfbnK dh pj[s
GhV ;h. fJ; ftu fjzd,{ w[;bwkB s/ f;Zy th ;B. fGnkBe w"s dk voktk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(50) r[owfs frnkB
d/D bJh r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ gfjbK GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk
frnk. fco GkJh ;sh dk; ih ~ fiT{Id/ ihn o{z ftu bg/N e/, nZr bk e/
;kfVnk frnk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r
ftu fpmk e/ T[pkfbnk frnk. r[o{ ih d/ fszB fgnko/ f;Zy nkgDk f;Zyh
f;de fBGkT[Id/ Fjhd j' rJ/.

fszBK f;ZyK dh Fjhdh s'I pknd 11 Btzpo 1675, fdB thotko ;h,
id fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk fJe iZbkd B/
sbtko Bkb XV s'I ;h; tZy eo fdZsk. fJ; ;EkB #s/ j[D r[od[nkok @;h;
rzi# ;kfjp j?. ;fsr[oK d/ f;de nZr/ w[rb
a K dk }[bw jko frnk. fJ;/
;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @;h; dhnk go
f;oo B dhnk#.

fJj e[opkBh fsbe izR{ dh okyh bJh ;h. r[o{ xo ftu fJ; ~ Bk e'Jh
gfjBdk ;h s/ Bk ftFtk; ;h. go jo/e ~ nkgD/ Xow nB[;ko ihtB ihD
dk jZe d/Dk s/ fdtkT[Dk r[o{ BkBe xo dk Xow ;h. fJ; dh rtkjh ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ftu fJT[I g/F ehsh j? L
fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–

id fJj tZvk ;kek tkgfonk sK uKdBh u"Ie ftu b'eK dh tZvh GhV
;h. fJ; nd[s
Z h Fjhdh ~ d/y e/ jkjkeko wZu rJh. fJ; ;w/I GkJh i?sk ih
B/ pj[s jh u[;sh Bkb, jkewK s'I nZy pukn e/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; T[mk
fbnk. fJj :'Xk fdZbh s'I tkj' dkjh ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp tZb uZb fgnk.
fdZbh s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp d' e[ ;" whb dh d{oh #s/ j?. fJ; ;{ow/ B/ }kbw
je{ws dh gotkj BjhI ehsh s/ fdB oks uZbdk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih se
gj[u
z frnk. r[o{ ih B/ GkJh i?sk ih ~ rb Bkb bkfJnk ns/ fgnko Bkb
puB ej/, @ozxo/N/ r[o e/ p/N./ # (fJj' GkJh i?sk ih nzfwqs Se e/ ihT{D
f;zx pD/ s/ uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J./ ) fiE/ B"tI/ gksFkj ih d/ ;h;
dk ;;eko ehsk frnk T[E/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[od[nkok ;h; rzi
;kfjp j?.

T[Xo ;fsr[oK d/ XV ~ ;zGkbD dh ;/tk GkJh bZyh Fkj tDikok ih


B/ ehsh. fJj jkbks d/y e/ ;fsr[oK dk XV T[mk e/ b? frnk. fJ; B/ nkgD/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (51)
xo ftu jh fuyk pDk e/ ;fseko Bkb ;fsr[oK dh d/j oZyh s/ xo ~ jh
nZr brk fdZsh. fiE/ r[o{ ih d/ ;oho dk ;;eko j'fJnk, fJE/ r[od[nkok
@oekp rzi# ;kfjp (fdZbh) j?. fJ; wjkB e[opkBh d/ ;dek ;qh r[o{ s/ra
pjkdo ;kfjp ih ~ @fjzd dh ukdo# th fejk ikdk j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—


(T) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nkozGe ihtB s/ r[fonkJh d/ fJfsjk; pko/
s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
(n) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk nBzdg[o t;kT[Dk ns/ Xow gquko bJh
ehsh bzph :ksok T[go ukBDk gkU.
(J) n"or
z }/p dk nZfsnkuko s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih gk; eFwhoh
gzfvsK dh g[eko dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.
(;) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk gqekF 1 ng?b
q 1621 JhH ~, r[o{ e/ wfjb nzfwqs;o fty/
j'fJnk.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk BK dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih d/ wksk dk Bkw BkBeh ih ns/ fgsk S/tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk ftnkj ed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj eoskog[o (ibzXo) fBtk;h ;qh bkb uzd ih
dh ;g[s
Z oh phph r[ioh ih Bkb 1632 JhH ~ j'fJnk.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe ed'I s/ fezBKQ B/
bkfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe 20 wkou 1665 JhH ~ pkpk p[Y
Z k ih
d/ g'so/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ bkfJnk.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ fejVk Bro ed'I t;kfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nes{po 1665 JhH ~ efjb{o d/ oki/ dhg uzd gk;'I fgzv
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(52) r[owfs frnkB
wky'tkb dh }whB b? e/ @nBzdg[o# dh BhIj oZyh. fJ; Bro dk
gfjbk BK @uZe BkBeh# ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh wksk ih d/ BkT[I #s/
oZfynk ;h.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ gk; eFwhoh gzfvs ed'I s/ feT[I nkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih gk; eFwhoh gzfvs wJh 1675 JhH ~ nBzdg[o ;kfjp nkJ/,
feT[Ife n"or
z }/p d/ j[ew Bkb T[jBK ~ ipohI w[;bwkB pDkfJnk
ik fojk ;h. T[j nkgDh oZfynk bJh nkJ/ ;B.
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ed'I s/ feZE/ j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh Fjhdh 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie fty/
j'Jh. fJe iZbkd B/ sbtko Bkb r[o{ ih dk XV s'I ;h; tZy eo
fdZsk.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ Bkb fdZbh fty/ j'o fejV/ f;ZyK ~ Fjhd
ehsk frnk <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk frnk, GkJh ;sh dk; ih
~ nZr ftu ;kfVnk frnk ns/ GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ gkDh dh T[pbdh
d/r ftu T[pkba e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ eh
fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L B"tI/ gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih B/ nkgDh
nksw eEk pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j?, @fsbe izR{ okyk gqG skek–
ehB' pv' eb{ wfj ;kek–# fJ; s'I f;tk j'o th pj[s Fpd jB.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh Bkb ;pzfXs fejV/-
fejV/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp jB <
T[& s
Z o L fiZE/ ;fsr[oK dh Fjhdh j'Jh T[E/ fdZbh fty/ r[od[nkok @;h; rzi#
;kfjp j?. nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ r[o{ ih d/ ;h; dk ;;eko j'fJnk,
T[j r[od[nkok th @;h; rzi# d/ BkT[I Bkb ikfDnk iKdk j?. fiZE/
;fsr[oK d/ ;oho dk ;;eko j'fJnk T[E/ r[od[nkok @oekp rzi#
;kfjp fdZbh fty/ j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih (53)
d;t/ I gksFkj
;q h r[ o { r' f pz d f;z x ih

Bk;o' wB;{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– J/}dh wB}{o r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
jZe jZe nkrkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– Fkfj FkjBFkj r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
jZe jZe nzd/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– pkdFkj dot/F r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
ekfdo/ jo eko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx– p/e;K ok :ko r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx–
(GkJh Bz d bkb ih)

fJj gzrshnK GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh ouBk jB. GkJh Bzd bkb ih
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ dopkoh ethnK ftZuI' wjkB eth ;B. nkg dk
iBw 1633 JhH ~, r}Bh fty/ ;qh SZi{ okw yZsoh d/ xo j'fJnk. d;w
gksFkj ih dh F];hns ;zpX
z h GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh g[;se @s";h\' ;Bk#
ftZuI' fJj e[M e[ gzrshnK jB.
Gkt noE L

fijBK dk e'Jh nk;ok BjhI, T[jBK dh wdd eoB tkb/ ns/ fi;
dh nekb g[oy tZbI' wdd j'Jh—T[j ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjkoki
jB.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih uzrh soQK nekb g[oy d/ ikD{ ns/ wjkokfinK
d/ wjkokik jB.

;Zu/ gow/Fo ~ ;wMD tkb/ ns/ pkdFkjh s/ \ehoh d/ t/; ftu ofjD
tkb/ jB—;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih jo ekoi d/ eoB dk pb oZyD tkb/ ns/
nBkEK d/ ;jkfJe jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(54) r[owfs frnkB
;z y / g ihtB doFB L ;q h r[ o { r' f pz d f;z x ih

wksk L—wksk r[ioh ih

fgsk L—;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih

gqekF L—22 d;zpo 1666 JhH

;EkB L—;qh gNBk ;kfjp (fpjko)

;[gsBhnK L—nihs e"o ih, ;zd


[ o e"o ih, ;kfjp e"o ih

;zskB L—;kfjp}kdk nihs f;zx ih, ;kfjp}kdk i[Mko f;zx ih,


;kfjp}kdk }'okto f;zx ih, ;kfjp}kdk \sfj f;zx ih

r[o{ ekb L—11 Btzpo 1675 JhH s'I 7 nes{po 1708 JhH
wjkB ekoi (goT[ g eko) L

f;Zy e"w ~ ;dk uVQdh ebk ftu ftuoB s/ ;Zu bJh e[opkB j'D dh
iku f;ykJh. T{u Bhu s/ iks gks dh tzv ~ ;dhth ]sw eoe/ 1699 JhH
~ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp dh dwdwh phV fsnko
eotk e/ r[o rZdh p]Fh ns/ F];h r[fonkJh ]sw eo fdZsh. f;Zy gzE s/
f;Zy f;XKsK bJh ;opz; se e[opkB eo fdZsk. ipo s/ }[bw d/ ]ksw/ bJh
fizB/ th Xow :[X
Z ehs/ ;GBK ftu \sfj gkJh.

i'sh i's L—7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V (wjkokFNo) fty/

e[b
Z T[wo L—41 ;kb 9 wjhB/ 17 fdB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (55)
(T) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek, r[fonkJh s/ gfotko L
d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDh nksw eEk ekft o{g
ftu fbyh j?. fJ; dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[u
Z nkg dk ihtB tfuZso
s/ n;uoi j?. ;fsr[oK dk ihtB T[jBK tZbI' T[uko/ Fpd dh jh ftnkfynk
j? L
w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k– d/yfB nk:' irs swk;k–

d;t/I ikw/ ftu r[o{ BkBe i's dk gqskg s/ r[o{ ebk tosdh t/y e/
;z;ko j?okB ofj frnk.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ wksk r[ioh
ih dh e[y
Z I' , B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ rqfj fty/ gNBk ;kfjp
fty/ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fbfynk j? L
sjhI gqekF jwkok G:'– gNBk Ffjo fpy? Gt b:'–

id r[o{ ih dk gqekF j'fJnk sK T[; ;w/I B"tI/ gksFkj ih Ykek


(pzrkb) fty/ ;B. B"tI/ gksFkj ih B/ T[EI' gNB/ dh ;zrs d/ BK j[ewBkwk
G/fink s/ gfotko dh ;/tk ;zGkb eoB ;dek ;zrsK dk XzBtkd th ehsk.
fJj th nkfrnk ehsh fe ;kfjp}kd/ dk BK ;qh @r'fpzd okfJ# oZfynk ikt/.
]kb;k gzE dh ;kiBk s'I pknd nkg dk BK @r'fpzd f;zx# j'fJnk.

pkb r'fpzd okfJ ih dh d?th F];hns pko/ nB[Gt eofdnK m;ek


f}bQk eoBkb d/ ofjD tkb/ w[;bw gho GhyD Fkj B/ gNBk gj[u
z e/
;fsr[oK d/ doFB ehs/. ft;wkd ftu g[eko T[fmnk fe fJj pkb ;koh
wB[y
Z sk ~ fgnko eo/rk. wksk r[ioh ih, wkwk feqgkb ih ns/ j'o w[yh
f;ZyK B/ pj[s jh ;ktXkBh Bkb pkb r'fpzd okfJ ih dh gkbDk g';Dk
ehsh. nkg d/ pugB d/ gfjb/ gzi e[ ;kb gNBk ;kfjp fty/ jh r[}o/. S'Nh
T[wo s'I jh r[o{ ih i'fXnK ioB?bK tkbhnK o[uhnK oZyd/ ;B.

r[o{ ih d/ B{okBh u/jo/ s'I pkb nt;Ek ftu jh pj[s b'e gqGkts ;B.
gNB/ dk gzfvs fFt dZs s/ nk; gk; d/ eJh w[;bwkB nkg d/ FoXkb{ ;B.
fJ;/ soQK gNBk fBtk;h okik \sfj uzd w?Dh s/ T[; dh okDh r[o{ ih ~ pj[s
fgnko eod/ ;B. oki/ d/ xo g[s
Z o BjhI ;h s/ r[o{ ih okDh ~ wK nky e/
g[s
Z o fgnko fiskT[Id/ ;B. r[o{ ih d/ fsnkr dh fposh sK T[; ;w/I jh gqrN
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(56) r[owfs frnkB
j' rJh ;h, id pugB ftu nkg B/ ;'B/ d/ eV/ rzrk ftu trkj wko/ ;B.
fJE/ r[od[nkok r'fpzd xkN j?.

T[Xo ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih nk;kw, pzrkb s'I Xow gquko :ksok s'I
tkg; gos e/ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwb/. fco nkg nBzdg[o
;kfjp nk rJ/. E'VkQ ;wK pknd B"tI/ gksFkj ih B/ nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk
;kfjp s'I nBzdg[o ;kfjp p[bk fbnk. fJj' jtkbk nkgDh nksw eEk
pfuZsq BkNe ftu r[o{ ih B/ fJ; soQK fdZsk j? L
wZdq d/; jw e' b/ nkJ/– GKfs GKfs dkJhnB d[bokJ/–
ehBh nfBe GKfs sB oZSk– dhBh GKfs GKfs eh f;ZSk–

GKs GKs dh f;Zfynk ftu r[o{ ih ~ r[ow[yh s/ r[opkDh dh ftZfdnk


d/ Bkb-Bkb ;z;feqs s/ \ko;h th gVQkJh rJh. fJ; s'I fJbktk F;soK dh
tos'I, x'V-;tkoh s/ sho nzdk}h dh f;ybkJh th fdZsh rJh. r[o{ ih i/ eo
pkbgB dhnK y/vK th y/vd/ sK T[; y/v dk e'Jh wsbp jzd
[ k ;h. nkw eoe/
nkg nkgD/ jkDhnK ~ d' N'bhnK ftu tzv b?Id/ ;B. fJe N'bh d/ w'joh nkg
pDd/ ns/ Bebh :[X
Z oukT[Id/ ;B. j[D ;fsr[oK dh T[wo ;kY/ nZm ;kb
d/ eohp j' u[e
Z h ;h. T[Xo n"or
z }/p pkdFkj d/ ;skJ/ j'J/ eFwhoh gzfvs
r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ dopko ftu nkgD/ Xow dh oZfynk bJh \fonkd
b? e/ nkJ/. B"tI/ gksFkj ih B/ T[jBK ~ ;jkok fdZsk s/ \[owkfJnk fe fe;/
wjKpbh dk pbhdkB jh fJ; }[bw ~ o'e ;edk j?. T[; ;w/I e'b p?m/ pkb
r'fpzd ih B/ fejk ;h fe fgsk ih ! s[jkv/ s'I tZvk wjKpbh fco j'o e"D j'
;edk j?.

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ;qh nBzdg[o s'I fdZbh tZb ~ ubD ;w/I ;zrsK
~ j[ew eo rJ/ ;B fe ;kv/ s'I pknd r[orZdh dh f}zwt
/ koh r'fpzd okfJ
ih ;zGkbDr/. T[Xo n"or
z }/p d/ ipo ~ tzrkod/ j'J,/ ;qh r[o{ s/ra pjkdo
ih 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ie ftu Fjhdh gk rJ/. ;fsr[oK
dh Fjhdh s'I pknd pkpk p[Y
Z k ih dh nzF ftZuI' pkpk okw ezto ih B/ ebrh
firQk (firQk=f;o dk rfjDk) ;ik e/ s/ ;qh ;kfjp gfjBk e/ r'fpzd okfJ
ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe brkfJnk. fJ; ;w/I ;fsr[oK dh T[wo B"I ;kb
d/ eohp ;h. fJ; s'I pknd ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ns/ e"wh
T[;koh bJh Bt/I ekoi T[bhe/. ;fsr[oK gk; gfjb/ B"I gksFkjK d/ ihtB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (57)
\b;\/ dk tvw[b
Z k ]}kBk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ s]s #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j[fz dnK jh
uVQdh ebk d/ puB ehs/. B"tI/ gksFkj ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;zrsK
ftu wk:{;h BjhI j'D fdZsh, ;r'I fBvo s/ uVQdh ebk tkb/ pDkfJnk.
;zrsK d/ Bkw j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe F;so s/ seV/ i[nkB G/Nk eoB.
T[; ;w/I r[o{ ih d/ ;kjwD/ fszB tZvhnK skesK Bkb NZeo ;h. fJe
sK n"or
z }/p pkdFkj eZNV s/ }kbw ;h, d{;ok r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,
Xho wZbhJ/, okwokJhJ/ s/ T[jBK d/ e[M rzw
[ okj ehs/ b'e ;B. sh;ok T[u
}kshJ/ gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ r[o{ xo d/ ;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/
fBZih s/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[X
Z ;wMd/ ;B. fJjBK fszB FeshnK Bkb i{M
e/ f;Zy e"w dh fBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyDk e'Jh ;"yk ekoi BjhI ;h.
;fsr[oK B/ }kbw pkdFkj dk G?n b'e wBK s'I d{o eofdnK fejk fe i/
eo n"or
z }/p x'fVnK #s/ uVQB dh wBkjh eodk j? sK w?I Fkj ;tko
pDktKrk. oDihs Brkok th yVe/rk. fBFkB th M{bDr/. M{bd/ fBFkB
s/ Brkok—n}kd oki d/ fuzBQ wzB/ iKd/ ;B. w[rb
a pkdFkj tZbI' okr dh
wBkjh ;h, go nBzdg[o ;kfjp okr ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pfDnK. d;w
gksFkj ih nkg fwqdr
z , i'Vh, f;ozdk pj[s ;zd
[ o tikT[Id/ ;B. ftdtkB
ethnK tZbI' eth dopko ;Zid/.
i/ eo r[o{ ih d/ gfotko pko/ ikDhJ/ sK ;fsr[oK dk ftnkj bkj"o
fBtk;h ;qh jfoi; dh ;g[s
Z oh phph ihs' ih Bkb 1677 JhH ftu r[o{ e/ bkj"o
fty/ j'fJnk. seohpB ;Zs ;kb phs rJ/, go fJjBK d/ ;zskB BjhI j'Jh.
fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK dk d{ik ftnkj th bkj"o fBtk;h ;qh okw FoB dh ;g[s
Z oh
phph ;zd
[ oh ih Bkb 1684 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fJjBK dh e[y
Z I' ;kfjp}kdk nihs
f;zx dk iBw 1686 JhH ~ j'fJnk. fco fszB ;kfjp}kfdnK dk iBw wksk
ihs' ih dh e[y
Z I' j'fJnk. ;kfjp}kdk i[Mko f;zx ih dk iBw 1689 JhH,
;kfjp}kdk i'okto f;zx ih dk 1696 JhH ns/ ;kfjp}kdk \sfj f;zx ih
dk iBw 1698 JhH ~ j'fJnk. wksk ;kfjp e"o ih Bkb ;fsr[oK dh Fkdh
sK j'Jh, go T[jBK dh M'bh ]kb;k gzE gkfJnk. fJ; ftnkj dk foFsk
;z;koe foFfsnK tkbk BjhI ;h, ;r'I nfXnksfwe ;h.

;zB 1682 ftu GkJh Bzd bkb ih th nBzdg[o ;kfjp r[o{ ih d/


dopko ftu nk rJ/. ;zB 1685 ftu okik w/dBh gqekF d/ ;Zd/ #s/ ;fsr[oK
B/ e[M ;w/I bJh g{op dhnK gjkVhnK tZb ikD dk wB pDk fbnk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(58) r[owfs frnkB
(n) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' gkT[INk ;kfjp t;kT[Dk s/ f;Zyh gquko L
gfjb/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I b? e/ ;ko/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB ftF/F
:'iBk nB[;ko ]k;-]k; fJbkfenK ftu f;Zyh d/ gquko bJh rJ/. UXo
BkjD dk okik w/dBh gqekF r[o{ xo dk g{ok FoXkb{ ;h. T[; B/ nkgDk
t}ho ;fsr[oK dh ;/tk ftu G/fink fe BkjD doFB d/t.'

r[o{ ih B/ okik w/dBh gqekF dh p/Bsh wzB e/ 1685 JhH ftu nkgD/
gqtko ns/ gzi ;" ;tkoK ;w/s nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I BkjD ~ e{u ehsk. r[o{
ih ehosg[o s/ o'gV s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ BkjD g[i
Z ./ w/dBh gqekF B/ pj[s g/w
q Bkb
;[nkrs ehsk.

;fsr[o{ fJe fdB okik w/dBh gqekF Bkb fFeko y/v oj/ ;B. iwBk
d/ feBko/ pj[s ;[d
z o ns/ owDhe EK d/y e/ oki/ B/ r[o{ ih ~ p/Bsh ehsh
fe fit/I ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp t;kfJnk ;h, fJ; soQK
s[;hI th w/o/ fJbke/ ftu e'Jh Bro t;kT[. fJ; Bkb nkg ih d/ fJE/ uoB
gkT[D dh g/w
q Goh :kdrko oj/rh.

oki/ dh p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ r[o{ ih B/ 1685 JhH ftu gkT[IN/ dh BhIj
oZyh. fJE/ w/dBh gqekF dh goik ns/ f;ZyK B/ ob e/ iwBk d/ T[ob/ feBko/
fJe eZuk febQk fsnko ehsk. fJ; s'I fgZSI' j'o fJwkosK pDhnK ns/ uzrh
o"De j' rJh. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu fJj th jtkbk
fdZsk j?, @;jo gkT[INk eh ;[fX bJh.# gkT[INk BkT[I oZyD ;zpX
z h th fJ; soQK
d/ ftuko jB fe @gkT[I# Gkt @uoB# fNekJ/. fJj gkT[I fNekJ/ s'I gkT[INk
Fpd j'Id ftu nkfJnk. fJE/ r[o{ ih brGr ;kY/ uko ;kb d/ eohp oj/.
fJ; ;w/I dofwnkB ;fsr[oK B/ ;kfjs ouBk tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdZsk. d;w
gksFkj ih fJj wfj;{; eod/ ;B fe ;wki dh r[b
a kw wkBf;esk ~
pdbD dh b'V j?. fe;/ ;wki d/ ;[Gkn s/ o[uhnK ~ pdbD bJh ;kfjs
jh tZvh G{fwek fBGk ;edk j?. fJE/ ;fs;zr s/ ehosB sK d'BI' ;w/I jzd
[ k
jh ;h, fJ; d/ Bkb gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ eth dopko th F[o{ j'J./ ;fsr[oK
B/ d/F d/ wjkB ethnK ~ nkgD/ dopko ftu ;Zd e/ g[oksB Xow rzE
q K dk
nB[tkd th eotkfJnk. fJjBK ethnK dh frDsh ptzik ;h. r[o{ ih nkg
wjkB eth ;B. T[jBK dhnK nfXnksfwe s/ ;kfjse ouBktK dk tZyok
jh ;EkB j?. gqH' ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j? fe ikg[ ;kfjp, ;tZJhJ/ s/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (59)
nekb T[;sfs nkfde pkDhnK d;w gksFkj ih B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/
jh ouhnK. ;z;koh ethnK dh goy T[jh eo ;edk j? i' nkg ethnK f;o
eth j't./ ;fsr[oK torh ekft ebk dk Bw{Bk fjzd;
[ skBh ekft ebk ftu
feXo/ th BjhI j?. SzdK dh ukb, T[ukoB Yzr, pho o;h o{g nkfd ;G dk
fBnkok jh ozr j?.

Xow gquko d/ ezw ftu fJe j'o BthI o{j GoB bJh ;fsr[oK B/ e[M
f;Zy ftdtkBK ~ pBko; G/fink fe s[;hI ;z;feqs d/ wkjo ftdtkB pD'.
pBko; ofj e/ T[jBK eJh ;kb ;z;feqs gVQh. fJjBK ftdtkBK ~ fBowb/
fejk frnk. f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ g;ko ftu fJjBK fBowb/ ;kX{nK B/ pj[s
:'rdkB gkfJnk. fJjBK B/ ;kfjs ouBk th ehsh ns/ g[oksB ;kfjs dk
T[bEk th ehsk. fJ; Bkb b'e wBK ftu'I pqkjwD dh toD tzv tkbh Bhsh
tkbk ikb j'o th N[N
Z frnk, feT[Ife ;z;feqs T[& g
Z o pqkjwDK dk jh
gqGkt ;h.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh GktBk ;h fe w/o/ f;Zy ;zs-f;gkjh j'D.


fJjBK ftZu gzfvs torh ftdtsk j't,/ jo GkFk d/ frnksk j'D, g[oksB
rzE
q K dh o{j ~ ;wMD s/ ;wMkT[D tkb/ y'ih j'D ns/ ;z;ko dhnK ;w{j
ebktK dh Mbe fJjBK ftZuI' B}o nkt/. fJj p'b g{o/ j' oj/ ;B L
fJBjh s/ gzfvs T[gikT{I. eEk eoB eh ohs ubkT{I–
fJBjh s/ oki/ T[gikT{I. oki eoB eh ohs ubkT{"I–

fJE/ jh gho p[X


Z { Fkj gzi ;" gmkDK ~ Bkb b? e/ ;fsr[oK dh ;?Bk ftu
Fkwb j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK d/ n?;/ FeshFkbh gqskg ~ t/y e/ fto'XhnK s'I
ifonk Bk frnk. fJ; soQK r[o{ ih ~ ;w/I-;w/I f;Zy e"w dh fBnkoh j'Id s/
;t? wkD ~ ekfJw oZyfdnK, Xow ubktB ;zs T[pkoB bJh, d[FNK dk
BkF eoB ns/ ipo }[bw ~ mZbQ gkT[D bJh Xow :[X
Z th eoB/ gJ/. r[o{
ih dk nBw'b puB j? fe id ;G jhb/ t;hb/ ]sw j' ikD sK jZE ftu
sbtko T[mkT[Dh ikfJ} j?. fe;/ Bkb izr eoBk ;fsr[oK dk fwFB BjhI
;h, go T[jBK B/ s/ra T[; ;w/I jh u[e
Z h id j'o e'Jh ukok BjhI ;h s/ fco
T[jBK B/ w?dkB/ izr ftu ikpoK dk jzeko s'fVnk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(60) r[owfs frnkB
(J) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk L
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk e/tb Gkos jh
BjhI, ;r'I ftFt d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJe fBnkok e"se ;h. ;fsr[oK d/
;kjwD/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih s'I b? e/ B"tI/ gksFkj se f;oi/ wB[y
Z
~ ;zgo
{ B o{g d/D dk wjkB ekoi ;h. T[j g{oB wB[y
Z fi; d/ wB ftu ;dk
eosko dh :kd, ;Zu bJh i{MD dk ukn, oZp d/ pzfdnK Bkb jwdodh,
d[FNK dk BkF eoB bJh s/ra ns/ UN fJe nekb dh j't./

fJ; ekoi dh ;zgo


{ Bsk bJh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ 1699 JhH dh
t?;kyh ~ tZv/ fJeZm bJh f;Zy ;zrsK ~ ftF/F s"o #s/ ;Zd/ G/i./ t?;kyh ;w/I
f;Zy ;zrsK dk i'V w/bk ;ZiD dk fotki ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ ;w/I s'I jh
gqub
Z s ;h. fJ; soQK ;fsr[oK d/ ftF/F ;Zd/ Bkb tZvh frDsh ftu ;zrsK
;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp doFB eoB nk rJhnK. 30 wkou 1699 ~ ;qh e/;rVQ
;kfjp tkb/ ;EkB #s/ dhtkB ;Zfink. szp{ eBksK bZr/ j'J/ ;B. ehosB dh
;wkgsh s'I pknd d;w gksFkj ih jZE ftu fbFedh sbtko b? e/ g{o/
i'F ftu szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/. r[o{ ih B/ ;w{j ;zrsK ~ ;zpX
' B eoe/ T[& u
Z h
ntk} ftu fejk fe w?~ fJe ;h; dh b'V j?, e'Jh nfijk f;Zy j? i' Xow
dh ykso nkgDh ikB tkoB bJh fsnko j't./ fJj puB ;[D e/ ;zrsK
j?okB j' rJhnK. ;fsr[oK B/ id fJj wzr d{ih-shih tko d[jokJh sK GkJh
dfJnk okw bkj"o d/ fBtk;h B/ nkgDk ;h; g/F ehsk. T[; B/ fBwosk Bkb
fejk, ;fsr[o{ ih ! fJj ;h; s[jkvk j?, fi; th b/y/ ukj' ;\b eo'. r[o{
ih T[; ~ szp{ ftu b? rJ/. nzdo sbtko d/ uZbD #s/ XV d/ fvZrD dh
ntk} nkJh.

r[o{ ih c/o bj{ fbZpVh sbtko b? e/ szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ fJe j'o
;h; dh wzr ehsh. fJ; soQK tkoh-tkoh fdZbh d/ Xow dk; ih, irBBkE
d/ fjzws okfJ ih, d[nkoek d/ w'jew uzd ih ns/ fpdo fBtk;h GkJh
;kfjp uzd ih B/ nkgD/ ;h; G/IN ehs/. ;fsr[o{ ;GBK ~ tkoh-tkoh szp{ ftu
b? e/ rJ/. T[; ;w/I ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ nZ;h j}ko d/ eohp ;zrsK dk
fJeZm ;h. r[o{ ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I 33 ;kb d/ eohp ;h.

j[D ;zrsK szp{ tZb pj[s jh T[sktbhnK j' e/ d/y ojhnK ;B. e[M ;w/I
pknd r[o{ ih szp{ s'I pkjo nkJ/ ns/ pho o; Bkb Gog{o ;B. ;fsr[oK d/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (61)
Bkb ;zd
[ o g[FkfenK ftu T[j gzi/ bkb ;B, fijBK B/ ;h; G/IN ehs/ ;B.
fco ;fsr[oK B/ nzfwqs dk pkNk fsnko ehsk. ;op b'j d/ pkN/ ftu gftZso
ib gkfJnk ns/ wksk ihs' ih B/ gsk;/ gkJ/. ;fsr[oK B/ pho nk;D #u p?m
e/, pkN/ ftu ;Zi/ jZE Bkb yzvk c/ofdnK gzi pkDhnK, @;qh ig[ ih ;kfjp,
ikg[ ;kfjp, ;[Xk ;tZ:,/ u"gJh ;kfjp s/ ;qh nBzd ;kfjp ih dk gkm ehsk
s/ fco nodk; j'Jh.

nzfwqs fsnko j' u[e


Z k ;h s/ r[o{ ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK ~ gfjbK gzi-
gzi u{b/ Sek e/ fejk, @p'b' tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k– tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj–
# fco gzi-gzi SZN/ B/soK #u gkJ/ fe ;dk ;t? wkD Bkb T[& u
Z / ofjDk j?. fco
gzi-gzi u{b/ ;h; ftu gkJ/ fe ;wki dh ;'u ftZuI' ;dhnK dh r[b
a kwh d{o
j't./ jo tkoh tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj p[bkJh sK fe ;GBK ~ fdqV j't/ fe
]kb;k tkfjr[o{ dk j? s/ \sfj th tkfjr[o{ dh j'Dh j?. ]kb;/ dh f;oiBk
~ r[o{ ih B/ @gqrfNU ]kb;k gqwksw eh w"i# fejk j?. fJ; fdB s'I ;fsr[oK
B/ wodK ~ @f;zx# ns/ fJ;sqhnK ~ e"o (oki g[s
Z oh) dk f]skp p]fFnk.
fco r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe nZi s'I s[jkvk BtK iBw j'fJnk j?. gziK
eekoK—@e/;, ezxk, eVk, feogkB, eSfjok# dh ofjs ftu gZe/ ofjDk
j?. s[jkvhnK fgSbhnK iksK, r'sK ;G ]sw s/ nZi s'I s[;hI tkfjr[o{ ih dk
]kb;k j'. ;dk jh UN fJe gqG{ dh oZyDh s/ j'o fe;/ d/th d/ts/, r'o,
wVQh, wZm nkfd ~ G[b
Z e/ th BjhI wzBDk. ]kb;/ dk nkdoF ;fsr[oK B/
fJT[I ;wMkfJnk L
ikrfs i's ig? fB; pk;[o J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB?–
g{oB g/qw gqshs ;i? pqs r'o wVQh wN G{b B wkB?–

fco ;fsr[oK B/ fejk fe s[;hI j[D w?~ th nzfwqs dh dks p]F'. r[o{
ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK gk;'I nzfwqsgkB ehsk s/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd okfJ ih s'I ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ;i/. fJ;/ ;zpX
z ftu GkJh r[odk; ih d{i/ B/ fbfynk
j? L
tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx nkg/ r[o u/bk–

fJfsjk;ekoK B/ fbfynk j? fe fco e[M fdBK ftu jh brGr nZ;h


j}ko ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk. r[o{ ih B/ fJj th j[ew ehsk fe i' b'e f;Zy
nytkT[Id/ jB, T[j ;G nzfwqs SeD s/ ofjs ftu gqge
Z j'D. e'Jh th e"w
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(62) r[owfs frnkB
nkgDh ihtB iku eoe/ jh ;z;ko ftu T[& u
Z k o[spk gkT[Idh j?. ;fsr[oK B/
]kb;/ d/ wkD-;BwkB ~ T[& u
Z k ;EkB fdZsk. ]kb;/ ~ nkgDk ]k; o{g fejk
ns/ nzfwqs d[nkok f;ZyK d/ ihtB T[& s
Z / nkgDh F];hns dh Skg bk fdZsh.
fijBK b'eK dhnK nB/eK ghVQhnK B/ T[& u
Z ikshnK d/ b'eK nZr/ dk; s/
fBwkD/ pD e/ ihtB r[}kfonk ;h, T[j ;fsr[oK dh feogk Bkb
FeshFkbh i'X/ s/ ;odko pD rJ/.

d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK p/ns


z p]fFFK ftZuI' wjkB
T[geko j?, ;zgo
{ B wB[y
Z d/ o{g ftu @]kb;/ dh f;oiBk.# fJ; ~ j'o ;zyg
/
ftu fpnkB eoBk j't/ sK fejk ik ;edk j? fe d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB—
tkfjr[o{ dk gqekF ;B ns/ ]kb;k T[jBK dk gqekF j?. fJ; bJh fJj bZyK
eo'VK ftu yVQk th nkgDh fBnkoh gfjukD oZydk j?. ]kb;/ d/ f;oiBk
fdt; ~ ;w{j ]kb;k gzE jo t?;kyh pj[s jh X{w Xkw Bkb wBkT[Idk j?
ns/ i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se wBkT[Idk oj/rk. fJ; pqfjwzv ftu wkBtsk d/
;kjwD/ @]kb;k# w/o/ ebrhnK tkb/ gksFkj ih dk nfs fBnkok s/ nfs
;zd
[ o wkvb j?, i' T[jBK B/ pj[s bzph ftuko s'I pknd f;ofink.
(;) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ Xow :[X
Z L
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ tXd/ gqskg ~ d/y e/ gjkVh oki/ d[yh j'
oj/ ;B. fJe sK T[j nkgD/ nkg ~ ;BksB Xow d/ oky/ ;wMd/ ;B. d{;ok
;fsr[oK dk iksK gksK d/ ftseo/ ]sw eoe/ ;KMhtkbsk dk T[gd/F T[jBK
~ u[G
Z fojk ;h. sh;ok T[j nkgDhnK u"XoK dh ]kso w[rb
a ;oeko d/
jwkfJsh pD/ p?m/ ;B.

fJ; d/ Bkb tZvk ekoB n"or


z }/p ;h, feT[Ife T[; ~ ]poK g[i
Z ojhnK
;B fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B/ fJe tZvh \"i pDk bJh j? s/ gmkD th T[; dh
\"i ftu Gosh j' rJ/ jB. fJ;/ soQK gho p[X
Z { Fkj ih ~ T[j nkgDh Xkofwe
Bhsh ftu o[ektN ;wMdk ;h.

r[o{ ih d/ s/i gqskg s'I efjb{o dk okik Ghw uzd th pj[s d[yh ;h.
T[; B/ pjkB/ Bkb nkgD/ g[s
Z o dh Fkdh ;w/I r[o{ xo s'I gFwhB/ dh ukBDh,
gq;kdh jkEh s/ j'o ehwsh t;sK wzr bJhnK. nzsoikwh ;fsr[oK B/ T[& s
Z o
fdZsk fe fJj t;sK f;Zy ;zrsK tZbI' r[o{ xo #u g/w
q G/Nk ehshnK rJhnK jB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (63)
ns/ fJj fe;/ ~ fdZshnK BjhI ik ;edhnK. Ghw uzd nkgD/ jzeko tZ; e[M
j'o d{i/ gjkVh okfinK ~ Bkb b? e/ jwbkto pD e/ nkfJnk.

d;w gksFkj s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB fJj gfjbk :[X


Z 1687 JhH
~ gkT[INk ;kfjp s'I S/ whb d{o GzrkDh BkT[I d/ ;EkB #s/ bfVnk frnk.
gjkVh okfinK dh \"i dh frDsh d; j}ko ;h ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;fsr[oK dh
;koh \"i d' e[ j}ko ;h. fJE/ jh gho p[X
Z { Fkj nkgD/ g[s
Z oK, GoktK s/ ;Zs
;" w[ohdK Bkb r[o{ ih dh wdd #s/ nkfJnk. r[o{ ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I fJZeh
;kb d/ eohp ;h. f;Zy \"i B/ fJe nekb ~ fXnk e/, ;kj; Bkb ipod;s
NZeo bJh. f;ZyK d/ j";b/ t/y e/ gjkVhJ/ S/sh w?dkB SZv rJ/ s/ r[o{ ih
dhnK \"iK dh fiZs j'Jh. fJ; izr dk jtkbk r[o{ ih B/ pfuZsq BkNe ftu
fdZsk j? s/ gqG{ dk XzBtkd fJT[I ehsk j? l
GJh ihs w/oh– feqgk ekb e/oh–

r[o{ ih gjkVh okfinK Bkb izr iK NeokT[ BjhI ukjzd


[ / ;B, go
T[jBK ftZuI' e[M e[ jw/FK r[o{ xo Bkb Jhoyk eod/ oj/. GzrkDh d/ :[X
Z s'I
pknd e/Idoh w[rb
a ;oeko B/ nb\ ]K ~ gjkVh okfinK s'I eo t;{bD
bJh G/fink. efjb{o d/ oki/ B/ fJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ d{;o/ gjkVh
okfinK dh ;bkj Bkb, nzs r[o{ ih s'I jh wdd wzrh. GzrkDh dk :[X
Z bV
e/ Ghw uzd nzdo'I r[o{ ih s'I G? ykD bZr fgnk ;h. r[o{ ih ~ T[jBK b'eK
T[& g
Z o dfJnk nkJh, fiBQK s'I ipoh wkbhnk t;{fbnk iKdk ;h. ;fsr[oK
dhnK \"iK B/ gjkVhnK dh wdd ehsh sK @Bd"D# d/ :[X
Z ftu nb\ ]K dh
jko j'Jh. fJj :[X
Z 1688 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh nksw eEk #u
fbfynk j? L
GZi:' nbcykBz B ykBk ;zGko:'–

;fsr[oK dk shik :[X


Z j[;B
? h d/ :[X
Z ti'I ikfDnk iKdk j?. fJj j[;B
?
]K ns/ r[bo
/ fonk;s d/ okik r'gkb uzd dofwnkB ;h. r[o{ ih B/ nkgDk
\"ih iEk r'gkb uzd dh jwkfJs bJh G/fink. fJj :[X
Z 1688-89 dh ;od
o[s
Z ftu j'fJnk ;h. fJ; :[X
Z ftu j[;B
? ]K wkfonk frnk s/ r[o{ ih dh
;jkfJsk tkbh \"i dh fiZs j'Jh. fJ; s'I pknd fJe tko o[;sw ]K
nBzdg[o #s/ uVQkJh eoe/ nkfJnk. nZrI' f;ZyK d/ p[bd
z j";b/ t/y e/, T[j
jwbk eoB dk j";bk Bk eo ;fenk s/ tkg; w[V frnk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(64) r[owfs frnkB
r[o{ ih j[D nBzdg[o ;kfjp ~ jo gZyI' wip{s pDk oj/ ;B. ;zB 1689
ftu ;fsr[oK B/ fJE/ gzi febQ/ pDtkJ/. fJjBK d/ BkT[I th phosk Gog{o
oZy/ rJ/, nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ, \sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ. T[Xo
n"or
z }/p nkgDhnK w[fjzwK ftu T[bfMnk j'fJnk ;h. 1689 ftu efjb{o dk
okik Ghw uzd th wo frnk. T[; d/ g[s
Z o B/ e[M ;w/I bJh t?o-fto'X dk
o;sk fsnkr fdZsk ;h.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ e[M ;kb FKswJh ;w/I ftu f;Zy Xow d/
gquko s/ nkgDh \"ih Fesh ~ tXkfJnk. f;Zyh nkuoB xfVnk frnk. ;qh
nBzdg[o ;kfjp Xow ftZfdnk dk e/Ido pD frnk. ;fsr[oK B/ ;wki ~
fJe gk;/ pqkjwD tor tZbI' nzX-ftFtk; c?bk e/ ehsh iKdh b[N
Z s'I
irkfJnk. d{i/ gk;/ b'e wkfB;esk ftu'I epoK, wVQhnK, Xkr/-sths,
izso-wzso nkfd d/ \}{b voK ~ eZfYnk. fJ; soQK d/ p/ns
z jtkb/ d;w
gksFkj ih dh pkDh #u'I fwb iKd/ jB.

fJe izr r[o{ ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB nuBu/s j'Jh. r[o{ ih


f;ZyK d/ Bkb izrb ftu fFeko y/v oj/ ;B. d' gjkVh fonk;sK d/ oki/
nkbw uzd s/ pbhnk uzd B/ f;ZyK dh xZN frDsh t/y e/ jwbk eo fdZsk.
;fsr[oK dh nrtkJh j/m f;ZyK B/ vN e/ w[ekpbk ehsk. fJE/ r[o{ ih dh fiZs
j'Jh s/ gjkVh \"iK d"V rJhnK.

1699 JhH ftu ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk d/ Bkb gjkVh oki/ ;fsr[oK
d/ j'o th fto[X
Z j' rJ/. j'bh s'I j'bk wjZbk gqub
Z s j' u[e
Z k ;h. ;BksB wZs
dhnK toB tzv dhnK ezXK T[& g
Z o eokoh u'N ;h. gfjb/ gksFkj ih s'I b?
e/ j"bha -j"bha f;Zy ;wki s/ nkw b'e wkBf;esk ftZuI' pqkjwD dk gqGkt
]sw j' frnk ;h. fjzd{ gjkVh oki/ w[rb
a dopko Bkb fwb e/ r[o{ xo ~
]sw eoB dhnK ;kfiFK ouD bZr./

;zB 1701 d/ F[o{ ftu nBzdg[o dh gfjbh seVh izr j'Jh. gjkVh
okfinK B/ w[rb
a je{ws se gj[u
z ehsh. g?Id/ ]K s/ dhBk p/r d' ioB?bK
dh nrtkJh j/m d; j}ko \"i nBzdg[o T[& g
Z o jwbk eoB bJh G/ih. j'o
fonk;sK d/ oki/ th nkgDhnK \"iK b? e/ nkJ/. d[FwD \"i shj j}ko se
j' rJh ns/ ;fsr[oK gk; ;Zs-nZm j}ko \"i ;h. fJ; :[X
Z ftu ;kfjp}kdk
nihs f;zx th bfVnk. xw;kB d/ :[X
Z ftu ;fsr[oK d/ sho Bkb g?Id/ ]K

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (65)
wkfonk frnk ns/ dhBk p/r }]wh j' frnk. gjkVh oki/ s/ w[rb
a \"iK d"V
rJhnK s/ ;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh. f;Zy \"iK d/ j";b/ p[bd
z j'J./

;fsr[oK dh fiZs s/ nkgDh jko s'I pknd gjkVh okfinK B/ \?;bk


ehsk fe n;hI ;ko/ fwb e/ nBzdg[o dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdnKr/. Btzpo 1701
ftu nBzdg[o dk d{ik :ZX
Z[ j'fJnk. gfjb/ fdB gjkVhnK B/ }'odko NZeo
bJh, go f;Zy \"iK B/ SZe/ S[vk fdZs./ d{i/ fdB efjb{o d/ oki/ B/ fJe w;s
jkEh nBzdrVQ febQ/ dk dotk}k GzBD
Q bJh G/fink. GkJh pfuZso f;zx ih
B/ n?;h BkrDh wkoh fe w;s jkEh dk wZEk uho rJh. jkEh nkgDhnK jh
\"iK ~ fwZXdk j'fJnk d"V frnk. fJj :[X
Z thj fdB se uZfbnk. fJ; :[X
Z
ftu jh GkJh xBZJhnk ih B/ d'jK fXoK d/ }]whnK ~ gkDh fgbkfJnk.
;fsr[oK B/ GkJh ;kfjp dh T[u nksfwe nt;Ek dk wkD eofdnK wbQw
dh vZph d/ e/ fejk fe fJj th bkfJnk eo'. fJ; :[X
Z ftu th ;fsr[oK dh
fiZs j'Jh.

fJ; s'I pknd fBow'jh dk :[X


Z j'fJnk. nBzdg[o s'I fszB e[ whb dh
d{oh #s/ fJj fgzv ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ fJE/ T[& u
Z / fNZp/ #s/ fJe eZuh rVQh nkg jh
pDkJh ;h. fJj jwbktoK ~ nBzdg[o s'I pkjo jh o'eD bJh uzrh irQk ;h.
r[o{ ih fBow'jh gj[u
z / jh ;B fe efjb{o dhnK \"iK B/ jZbk p'b fdZsk.
gjkVhnK s/ w[rb
a \"iK B/ fBow'jh ~ x/o fbnk. ;fsr[oK B/ \?;bk ehsk
fe d[FwD \"iK ~ jko d/D bJh fJe' tko Xktk p'b fdZsk ikt/. d[FwD
dh \"i fgZS/ jZN rJh ns/ r[o{ ih nrb/ fdB p;kbh ub/ rJ/.

p;kbh dk okik ;fsr[oK dk FoXkb{ ;h. T[; B/ ;fsr[oK dk pj[s


;[nkrs ehsk. ;G e[M ;[D e/ gjkVh okfinK ~ nZr bZr rJh. efjb{o d/
oki/ B/ p;kbh #s/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. f;Zy \"iK B/ oD ftu n?;/ i"jo fdykJ/
fe okik efjb{o s/ ebw'N fgzv tkfbnK ;fsr[oK dh JhB wzB bJh. Btzpo
1702 JhH ftu r[o{ ih \"iK ;w/s nBzdg[o ;kfjp nk rJ/.

fJ; s'I pknd nBzdg[o dk shik :[X


Z 1703 JhH ftu j'fJnk. n"or}/p
B/ gjkVh okfinK dh p/Bsh wzB e/ ;?d ]kB ioB?b ~ G/fink. fJj foFs/
ftu gho p[X
Z { Fkj dk ;kbk ;h. gho p[X
Z { Fkj B/ fJ; ~ o'fenk fe r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih oZph B{o jB, go fJj Bk Nfbnk. w?dkB/ izr ftu fJ; T[& g
Z o n?;k
n;o j'fJnk fe fJj ;fsr[oK dk w[ohd pD frnk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(66) r[owfs frnkB
T[Xo id n"or
z }/p B/ nkgD/ ioB?bK ~ r[o{ ih dh FoB b?Id/ ;[D
fbnk sK T[; B/ bkj"o, ;ofjzd, izw{ s/ w[bskB d/ BtkpK ~ fJeZm/ j' e/
jwbk eoB bJh fejk. fJj :[X
Z 1704 JhH ~ j'fJnk i' nBzdg[o dk u"Ek :[X
Z
;h. fJfsjk;ekoK nB[;ko d[FwD dh \"i bZyK dh frDsh ftu ;h ns/ f;Zy
f;gkjhnK dh frDsh d; e[ j}ko d/ eohp ;h. fszB fdB xw;kB dk :[X
Z
j'fJnk. f;Zy \"iK g{o/ f;de Bkb bVhnK. w[rb
a ioB?bK B/ f;Zy \"i dh
phosk d/y e/ Bhsh pdb bJh. T[jBK B/ fefbQnK s'I fgZS/ jZN e/ nBzdg[o
d/ uko u[co
/ / Bkekpzdh eo bJh. fJ; soQK S/ ;Zs wjhB/ bzx rJ/. bzwk x/ok,
bVkJh, G[y
Z s/ EektN Bkb f;Zy ;?fBe fpwko j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. e[M e[ f;ZyK
ftu fBok;sk th nkJh s/ ukbh f;zx ;fsr[oK ~ p/dktk d/ e/ th ub/ rJ/.

d{i/ gk;/ n"or


z }/p B/ ;{pd
/ koK ~ skVBk ehsh fe nBzdg[o dh w[fjzw
S/sh f;o/ bkT[. gjkVh okfinK s/ w[rb
a ;{pd
/ koK B/ ;fsr[oK se gj[u
z ehsh.
T[jBK B/ nkg' nkgD/ Xow dhnK e;wK yk e/ fejk fe s[;hI nBzdg[o SZv
ikU, n;hI jwbk BjhI eoKr/. ;fsr[o{ fJjBK dhnK e[ukbK s'I uzrh soQK
ikD{z ;B, go ;KMh okfJ ~ wzBfdnK nBzdg[o ;kfjp SZvD dk \?;bk
j'fJnk. r[o{ ih B/ fJZE/ r[od[nkfonK dh ;/tk bJh T[dk;h f;Zy GkJh
r[opyF f;zx ~ T[E/ jh ofjD dh nkfrnk ehsh. d;zpo 1704 ~ S/-;Zs g'j
dh oks ~ fgSb/ gfjo r[o{ ih ;dk bJh nBzdg[o ;kfjp SZv e/ ehosg[o
tZb uZb gJ/. ehosg[o s'I S/ whbK #s/ ;o;k Bdh ;h. ;o;k #s/ gj[u
z D dh
d/o ;h fe w[rb
a K s/ gjkVhnK B/ e;wK s'V e/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. fJe gk;/ g{oh
;odh ns/ d{ik ;o;k Bdh pkoFK eoe/ uVQh j'Jh ;h. f;Zy \"iK B/ vN e/
d[FwD dk Nkeok ehsk. fJE/ jh ;fsr[oK dk gfotko ftS'Vk j'fJnk. pj[s
;kok Xkofwe ;kfjs th ;o;k ftu o[VQ frnk. wksk r[ioh s/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/
fJe gk;/ ub/ rJ/ i' ;{pk ;ofjzd B/ BhjK ftu fuD e/ Fjhd eo fdZs/ ns/
wksk r[ioh ih th ;ofjzd fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/. wksk ;zd
[ oh s/ wksk
;kfjp e"o ih GkJh wBh f;zx d/ ;kE fdZbh tZb ub/ rJ/. tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/
pkpk nihs f;zx s/ i[Mko f;zx ih ;fsr[oK d/ Bkb s/ ukbh d/ eohp f;zx
uwe"o ;kfjp gj[u
z ./ fJE/ uwe"o dh rVQh ftu n;kthI izr j'Jh. bZyK dh
frDsh ftu d[FwD dhnK \"iK s/ nZrI' ukbah G[y
Z D GkD/ f;zx ;B. fJE/ tZv/
;kfjp}kd/ Fjhd j'J./ oks d/ ;w/I w[rb
a \"i ~ tzrkod/ j'J/ r[o{ ih rVQh
#u'I ub/ rJ/. Bkb jh GkJh dfJnk f;zx, GkJh Xow f;zx s/ GkJh wkB f;zx

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (67)
ih rVQh ftu'I ty-ty fdFktK s'I uZb e/ wkShtkV/ ik e/ ;fsr[oK ~ fwb/.
uwe"o dh izr ftu w[rb
a K dh jko j'Jh, feT[Ife T[j bZyK dh frDsh ftu
j[fz dnK th ;fsr[oK ~ geV BjhI ;e/ i' T[jBK dh Bhsh ;h. wkShtkV/ d/
izrb ftu jh r[o{ ih B/ gqG{ dh :kd ftu fJj w'j Gfonk Fpd, @@fwso
fgnko/ ~ jkb w[ohdK dk ejDk## T[ukoB ehsk.

uwe"o dh izr ~ jko wzB e/ w[rb


a ;oeko p[ybk rJh. fJbke/ ftu
v"Ivh fgNkJh rJh fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ~ gBkj d/D tkb/ ~ ;}k s/
cVkT[D tkb/ ~ fJBkw fdZs/ ikDr/. \"ih d;s/ Gkb eoB bZr./ wkShtkV/
s'I Bph ]K s/ rBh ]K d' gmkDK B/ r[o{ ih ~ T[u dk gho pDk e/ nkbwrho
se ;/tk fBGkJh. r[o{ ih fszBK f;zxK ;w/s dhB/ se ik gj[u
z ./ wkbt/ ftu
fiZE/ r[od[nkok @}\oBkwk# ;kfjp j?. fJj }whB eKrV fgzv dh ;h.
;fsr[oK dh ebw ftu s/ra torh Fesh ;h. nkg ih B/ n"or
z }/p pkdFkj
tZb \ko;h ftu fJe fuZmh fbyh, fi; dk Bkw @}\oBkwk# oZfynk. }\o
s'I Gkt fiZs s/ Bkwk s'I Gkt fuZmh. fJ; ~ \sfj dk ]s iK fiZs dh fuZmh
fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu ;fsr[oK B/ gjkVh fjzd{ okfinK s/ n"or
z }/p d/
ioB?bK dhnK ;kohnK ekbhnK eos{sK dk y[b
Z Q e/ f}eo ehsk.
;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdh dk f}eo, f;ZyK dh uVQdh ebk s/ n"or
z }/p ~
;]s FpdK ftu fcNekoK gkJhnK. GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih fJj ]s n"or
z }/p
~ dZyD ftu g[uk e/ nkJ/. n"or
z }/p fJj }\oBkwk gVQ e/ nkgD/ gkgK dk
gFukskg eodk j'fJnk wo frnk.

fgzv dhB/ s'I ;zrsK ~ ]poK fwbhnK fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wkbt/ ftu
jB. t?okr ftu tjhoK xZs e/ ;zrsK doFBK bJh T[wv gJhnK. fonk;s
cohde'N d/ fgzv wfjwk ;oik s'I fJe whb s/ j[D r[od[nkok j?, fi; ~
;fsr[oK @bZyh izrb# dh gdth fdZsh. ;fsr[oK Fpd T[ukfonk L
bZyh izrb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/.

fco ]kb;k gzE fJeZmk j'fJnk. T[Xo w[rb


a \"iK th ;fsr[oK dh Gkb
ftu ;B.

w[rb
a ;?Bk s/ r[o{ ih dk nzsbk :[X
Z t?;ky d/ wjhB/ 1705 JhH ~
fydokD/ dh Ykp #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; dk BkT[I j[D w[es;o ;kfjp j?. fJE/ jh
nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'I p/dktk d/D tkb/ ukbh f;zx, wkJh Gkr' ih dh g/o
q Bk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(68) r[owfs frnkB
Bkb tkg; nkJ/ s/ fJZE/ Fjhd j'J./ fJZE/ jh GkJh wjK f;zx ih dh p/Bsh #s/
;fsr[oK B/ p/dkt/ dk ekr} ckV e/ N[N
Z h gqhs rzYh ;h. fJZE/ f;Zy :'X/ pj[s pjkdoh
Bkb bV/ ns/ t}ho ]K dhnK \"iK ;fsr[oK s'I jko yk e/ tkg; gos rJhnK.

ss;ko ti'I ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' ehs/ :[X


Z K dh tZvh ftF/Fsk
fJj ;h fe fJjBK :[X
Z K ftu fBZih fjZs BjhI ;B. fJj wB[y
Z h nfXekoK dh
okyh, ;t? wkD ns/ }[bw d/ fto'X ftu fJe T[dF
/ ;h. nkg ih B/ d/F
tk;hnK d/ wBK ftu fJj ftuko g?dk ehsk fe T{u Bhu s/ iks gks d/ GowK
s'I T[& g
Z o T[m' s/ s[;hI ;G pokpo j'. u[g
Z ukg vog'e pD e/ fe;/ dk }[bw
;fjD Bkb'I fjzws s/ nDy Bkb ihU. ;fsr[oK d/ puB ;B L
XzB ihU fsj e' ir w?, w[y s/ jfo fus wfj i[X[ fpuko?.
T[j XzB jB fijBK d/ w[y #s/ gqG{ dk Bkw ns/ fuZs ftu ipo-}[bw
s/ ftekoK d/ fto[X
Z i{MD dk ukn j?.

r[o{ ih @wkB; eh iks ;p? J/e? gfjukBp'# dk ;zdF


/ d/D tkb/ ns/
@fiB g/w
q ehU fsB jh gqG gkfJU# dh GktBk ~ gqukoB tkb/ wjkB
nfXnkswtkdh ;B. fJ;/ bJh fe;/ th :[X
Z ftu T[jBK dh jko BjhI j'Jh,
feT[Ife T[jBK dk fwFB fe;/ Xosh T[& g
Z o ep}k eoBk BjhI ;h, ;r'I Xow
ubktB ;zs T[pkoB ;h.
(j) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok
s/ i'sh i's L
w[es;o d/ :[X
Z s'I pknd ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ~
skod/ j'J/ ;kp' eh sbtzvh gjzu
[ ./ fJ; ;EkB #s/ r[o{ ih B/ seohpB ;tk
B"I wjhB/ fBtk; ehsk. fJE/ nzfwqs ;zuko j'fJnk s/ p/ns
z f;zx f;zxDhnK
r[o{ tkb/ pD/. ;zrsK d{oI' -d{oI' tjhoK xZs e/ doFBK bJh nkT[IdhnK s/
o'}kBk dhtkB ;ZiD bZr./

fJe fdB dhtkB ;Zfink ;h fe GkJh vZb/ B/ fejk, r[o{ ih ! i/ eo


s[;hI :[X
Z ;w/I w?~ s/ w/o/ ;kEhnK ~ :kd eod/ sK n;hI th tZX uVQ e/ fjZ;k
b?Id/. ;fsr[oK B/ vZb/ dk jzeko d{o eoB bJh fJe pzde
{ wzrtkJh s/ efjD
bZr,/ vZfbnk ! fJ; dk fBFkBk goyD bJh s/ok fJe itkB ukjhdk j?.
vZbk s/ T[; d/ ;kEh u[g
Z j' rJ/. e'Jh th nZr/ Bk nkfJnk. fco ;fsr[oK B/
nkgD/ f;ZyK tZb fJFkok ehsk sK GkJh pho f;zx s/ Xho f;zx d'BI' fgU g[s
Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (69)
SkshnK skD e/ yV'Q rJ/. pfj; th eo oj/ ;B fe ;fsr[oK dh ntk} gfjbK
w?~ ;[Dh ;hHHH. r[o{ ih B/ fBFkBk bkfJnk sK r'bh d'BK d/ f;o T[& g
Z o'I FK
eodh bzx rJh. f;zxK dk f;de s/ r[o{ Go';k t/y e/ GkJh vZbk s/ T[; d/
;kEh dzr ofj rJ/.

fJjBhI fdBhI wksk ;[d


z oh s/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih GkJh wBh f;zx d/
;kE fdZbh s'I dwdwk ;kfjp doFB bJh nkJ/. Gkt/I T[jBK ~
;kfjp}kfdnK d/ Fjhd j'D dh ]po fwb rJh ;h, go fco th wK dk w'j
fe ftFtk; BjhI nk fojk ;h. Goh ;zrs ftu wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ d{o se BhM
Bkb t/fynk. id uko/ g[s
Z o B}o Bk nkJ/ sK g[fZ Snk, ;fsr[o{ ih ! w/o/ uko/
bkb feZE/ jB < r[o{ ih B/ Xhoi fdZsk s/ gqG{ dh o}k ftu ok}h ofjD dk
T[gd/F fdZsk. r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe fJj ;kok ]kb;k s[jkvk Bkdh g[s
Z o
j? ns/ fJ; ~ n;hI T[jBK fpzdh g[s
Z oK dh oZs Bkb gkfbank j?. fJe eth
B/ fbfynk j? fe r[o{ ih B/ f;zxK tZb fJFkok eoe/ fejk L
fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go, tko dhJ/ ;[s uko–
uko w{J/ s' fenk j{nk, ihts eJh jiko–

dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ jh r[o{ ih B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih s'I nB[Gt gqekF
okjhI ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh phV fbytkJh. fJ; ftu B"tI/ gksFkj ih
dh pkDh doi ehsh. fJ; ~ dwdwh phV fejk iKdk j?. fJ;/ phV ~
;fsr[oK B/ Bkd/V fty/ r[osk rZdh p]Fh. fJ;/ ;o{g dk gqekF jh nZi ;kv/
;w{j r[o{ xoK ftu jzd
[ k j?.

dwdwk ;kfjp ~ ;fsr[oK B/ r[o{ eh eKFh Gkt ftfdne Ne;kb j'D


dk to fdZsk. fJe fdB fJE/ ;fsr[oK B/ e[M ebwK xV e/ ;o'to ftu
;[N
Z hnK sK f;zxK B/ p/Bsh ehsh fe r[o{ ih ! fJE/ ebwK feT[I ;[N
Z hnK < nZrI'
r[o{ ih B/ \[owkfJnk fe ;kvk e'Jh th f;Zy nBgVQ Bk oj/. T[; ~ fbyDk
gVQBk }o{o nkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; ;EkB #s/ ;o'to @fbyD;o ;kfjp# j?.
toswkB ;w/I ftu tZvh gZXo #s/ ftfdnkoEh fJE/ r[ow[yh d/ nZyo fby e/
;fsr[oK dh p]fFF d/ gkso pDd/ jB.

seohpB ;tk B"I wjhB/ dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk; eoB s'I pknd r[o{
ih B/ nes{po 1706 JhH ftu dZyD tZb ikD dh fsnkoh ehsh. wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih s/ wksk ;kfjp e"o ih ~ ;fsr[oK B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ ;kE fco fdZbh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(70) r[owfs frnkB
tZb G/i fdZsk. T[Xo dZyD ftu n"or
z }/p ~ ;fsr[oK dk G/fink j'fJnk
}\oBkwk th fwb frnk. Gkt/I n"or
z }/p B/ r[o{ ih ~ fwbD dh ykjF gqrN
ehsh, go }\oBkwk gVQ e/ nkgD/ gkgK dk gFukskg eodk j'fJnk,
n"or
z }/p wkou 1707 JhH ftu wo frnk. T[; d/ g[s
Z oK ftu rZdh bJh xo/b{
izr F[o{ j' rJh. fJjBK ftu'I pjkdo Fkj B/ GkJh Bzd bkb okjhI r[o{ ih
s'I ;jkfJsk wzrh. d;w gksFkj s/ pjkdo Fkj dh gfjbh w[bkeks i[bkJh
1707 JhH ~ nkrok fty/ j'Jh. r[o{ ih B/ pjkdo Fkj dh p/Bsh wzB e/ T[;
dh wdd ehsh s/ T[; dh fiZs j'Jh.

ng?b
q 1708 JhH ~ r[o{ ih nkro/ s'I X"bg[o, niw/o, fus"VrVQ,
T[iB
? nkfde BroK s'I jzd
[ / j'J/ Bopdk d/ ezY/ gj[u
z ./ r[o{ ih 17 wJh 1708
JhH ~ Bopdk s'I gko bzx./ T[; ;w/I pjkdo Fkj th Bkb ;h. fco
p[ojkBg[o s/ fjzrb
' h s'I jzd
[ / r[o{ ih ;fji/ ;fji/ i[bkJh 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V
gj[u
z ./ fJE/ r'dktoh d/ ezY/ v/ok ehsk. fJE/ jh r[o{ ih wkX' dk; p?okrh ~
fwb/ s/ wkX' dk; p?okrh B/ uoBK #s/ Bw;eko eoe/ fejk fe ;fsr[o{ ! w?I
s[jkvk jh pzdk jK. r[o{ ih B/ wkX' dk; ~ nzfwqs Sek e/ Bkw r[opyF f;zx
oZfynk, go T[jBK dk BkT[I pkpk pzdk f;zx jh gqub
Z s fojk. pkpk pzdk
f;zx ih ~ gzikp d/ jkbksK s/ je{ws d/ }[bwK s'I ikD{z eotkfJnk. ;kek
;ofjzd s/ uwe"o dh rVQh dk fJfsjk; ;[D e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx d/ B/soK ftu'I
nkg w[jko/ w'j d/ nZEo{ tfj s[o./ ikpoK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'XD tk;s/ r[o{ ih
B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx ih ~ gzi sho, fBFkB ;kfjp s/ fJe Brkok p]fFnk.
r[o{ ih B/ Bkb gzi w[y
Z h f;Zy G/i/ ns/ ;zrsK d/ BK j[ewBkw/ G/i/ fe T[j
pkpk pzdk f;zx dh ;jkfJsk eoB. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih B/ gzikp ftu u[D
u[D e/ r[o{ xo d/ d'yhnK s/ }kbwK ~ ;'fXnk ns/ ]kb;k oki d/ Mzv/ M[bkJ/.

d{i/ gk;/ i{B 1707 JhH ~ pjkdo Fkj nkgD/ S'N/ Gok ~ wko e/
fjzd;
[ skB d/ s]s #s/ p?mk ;h. T[; bVkJh ftu d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[;
dh wdd ehsh ;h. pjkdo Fkj d;w gksFkj ih dk pj[s ;fseko eoB
bZr fgnk. fJj d/y e/ ;{pk ;ofjzd nkgD/ gkgK s'I ezp T[fmnk, feT[Ife
T[; B/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK ~ BhjK ftu fuDk e/ Fjhd ehsk ;h. T[; ~ vo
j'fJnk fe pjkdo Fkj s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh fwZsosk j' rJh j? s/ j[D
w/oh y?o BjhI. T[; B/ d' gmkDK ~ r[o{ ih dk esb eo d/D bJh G/fink.
fJj d'BI' gmkD th BKd/V gjzu
[ rJ/. T[E/ ;zrs eod/ oj/. fJe fdB Fkw
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (71)
t/b/ ojokf; d/ gkm s'I pknd id r[o{ ih nkgD/ szp{ ftu b/N/ j'J/ ;B sK
w"ek t/y e/ fJe gmkD B/ ]zio Bkb r[o{ ih #s/ tko eo fdZsk. ;zs f;gkjh
;fsr[oK B/ nkgDh s/ra Bkb T[; gmkD ~ sK EK #s/ jh ]sw eo fdZsk. d{ik
gmkD d"VB bZrk sK pkjo f;zxK B/ sbtko G/N eo fdZsk. wod/-wod/ fJj
gmkD dZ; rJ/ fe T[jBK ~ t}ho ]K ;{pk ;ojzd B/ G/fink ;h.
]zio dk }]w r[o{ ih d/ g/N T[& g
Z o j'fJnk ;h. fJe iokj (;oiB)
B/ }]w X' e/ f;T[I fdZs/ s/ wbQw gZNh eo fdZsh. }]w ekch mhe j' rJ/,
go fJe fdB ewkB ’s/ fuZbk (ewkB dk v'ok) uVQkT[D ;w/A NKe/ N[N
Z rJ/.
;fsr[oK B/ nB[Gt ehsk fe ;kvk ;Zuyzv tkg;h dk ;wK nk frnk j?. r[o{
ih B/ dhtkB ;ikfJnk, ;zrsK fJeZso j' rJhnK. ;fsr[oK B/ Goh ;zrs ~
j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ehsh iKdh j? ns/ f;Zy e"w B/
d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih ~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDk
j?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhI wzBDk. nzs ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih ~ r[fonkJh p]F e/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ i'sh
i's ;wk rJ/. BKd/V fty/ fiE/ r[o{ ih i'sh i's ;wkJ/ T[; n;EkB dk BK
;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?. fJj gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe j?.

nfGnk; bJh tZv/ gqFB L—


gqFB (T) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/ r[fonkJh dk
fJfsjk; toBD eo'.
gqFB (n) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZbI' gkT[INk ;kfjp dh ;EkgBk pko/
ikDekoh fdU.
gqFB (J) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ftu'I @]kb;k gzE dh
f;oiBk# #s/ ukBDk gkU.
gqFB (;) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ Xow :[X
Z K pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
gqFB (j) ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok
s/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toBD eo'.

;zyg
/ T[so tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dk gqekF 22 d;zpo 1666 JhH ~ gNBk ;kfjp fty/ j'fJnk.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(72) r[owfs frnkB

* kmwn dw forw
fJj n;EkB f;Zy gzE d/ gzi s]sK ftu'I fJe s]s j?.
gqFB 2 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wksk-fgsk ih dk Bkw dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ wksk—wksk r[ioh ih ns/ fgsk B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{
s/r pjkdo ih ;B.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh nksw-eEk dk Bkw eh j? ,
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih dh nksw eEk dk BK pfuZsq BkNe j?. ;Zuw[u
Z nkg ih dk
ihtB tfuZso s/ n;uoi j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih id r[osk rZdh #s/ fpoki/ sK T[jBK ~
fejVhnK fszB skesK Bkb NZeo b?Dh gJh <
T[& s
Z o L fJe sK n"or
z }/p pkdFkj ;h, d{ik r[o{ xo d/ fto'Xh whD/,
XhowZbhJ/ s/ okwokJhJ/ ;B ns/ shik gjkVh fjzd{ oki/ i' r[o{ xo d/
;op ;KMhtkbsk d/ T[gd/F ~ nkgD/ oki;h fjZsK d/ fto[X
Z
;wMd/ ;B.
gqFB 5 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ed'I ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ 30 wkou 1699 JhH ~ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/, ;qh e/;rVQ
tkb/ ;EkB #s/ ]kb;k gzE dh f;oiBk ehsh.
gqFB 6 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ uko ;kfjp}kfdnK pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ tZv/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk nihs f;zx s/ pkpk i[Mko f;zx ih
uwe"o dh izr ftu Fjhd j'J./ r[o{ ih d/ S'N/ ;kfjp}kd/ pkpk }'okto
f;zx s/ \sfj f;zx ih ;{pk ;ojzd B/ BhjK ftu fuD e/ Fjhd eok
fdZs./
gqFB 7 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[X
Z
ed'I s/ feE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih s/ gjkVh okfinK dofwnkB gfjbk :[X
Z 1687 JhH ~ gkT[INk
;kfjp s'I S/ whb d{o GzrkDh BkT[I d/ ;EkB #s/ j'fJnk. fJ; ftu
;fsr[oK dh fiZs j'Jh.
gqFB 8 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ i' nBzdg[o ;kfjp febQ/ pDtkJ/, T[jBK
d/ Bkw fby'.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
d;t/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih (73)
T[&&Zso L ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ gzi febQ/ ;B, #nBzdrVQ, b'jrVQ,
\sfjrVQ, e/;rVQ ns/ j'brVQ ;kfjp.
gqFB 9 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ }\oBkwk fe; ~ fbfynk ns/ fJ; s'I
eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ dhBk eKrV dh Xosh s'I n"or
z }/p pkdFkj ~ fJe ]s
fbfynk, fi; dk BK }\oBkwk ;h. }\o s'I Gkt fiZs iK \sfj ns/
Bkwk s'I Gkt fuZmh iK ]s j?. GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih fJj ]s n"or
z }/p
~ dZyD ftu g[uk e/ nkJ/.
gqFB 10 L ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgD/ s'I pknd r[fonkJh fezBKQ ~ p]Fh
s/ i'sh i's ed'I ;wkJ/ <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ ;zrsK ~ j[ew ehsk fe nZi s'I F];h r[fonkJh ]sw ns/
f;Zy gzE B/ d;K gksFkjhnK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih
~ r[o{ ;o{g wzBDk j?. nZi s'I pknd fe;/ th d/jXkoh ~ r[o{ BjhI
wzBDk. r[o{ ih 7 nes{po 1708 JhH ~ BKd/V fty/ i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.
T[E/ s]s ;Zuyzv ;qh j}{o ;kfjp j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(74) r[owfs frnkB
r[opkDh
@ig[ ih#, ;tZ:/ gkL À¿ (;qktr ;[X
Z ), nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf; s/
;'fjbk pkDh ftZuI' ;zyg
/ gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ nkT[Dr/. fJ;/ soQK r[o fJfsjk;
ftZuI' th ;zyg
/ gqFB À¿ Bzpo d/ j'Dr/. d'jK ftZuI' Á¿ Bzpo dk g/go
nkt/rk. fJj gzi pkDhnK ftZuI' Ä¿ gqFB-T[& s
Z o jB.

ig[ ih ;kfjp

gqFB 1 L @ig[ s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ ig[ pkDh pko/ ;zyg


/ ikDekoh fdU.
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# s'I Gkt ig', ig[ eo' j?. fJj ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh pkDh
;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ gzBk À s'I Ç se doi j?. sseo/ ftu fJ;
dk Bkw @ig[ fdZsk j'fJnk j?. ;fseko Bkb n;hI @ig[ ih ;kfjp#
T[ukod/ jK. fJj pkDh nzfwqs t/b/ ns/ yzv/ pkN/ dk nzfwqs fsnko
eoB ;w/I gVQh iKdh j?.
gqFB 2 L @ig[# pkDh dk ;w[u
Z k ;o{g eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj okr w[es pkDh j?. fJ; pkDh ftu Á ;b'e s/ ÂÇ gT[VhnK
jB. À> s'I r[o gq;kfd se w{b wzso j?. gfjbk ;b'e @@nkfd ;u[
i[rkfd ;u[– j? Gh ;u[ BkBe j';h Gh ;u[–# j? ns/ d{ik ;b'e nzs
ftu @gtD[ r[o{ gkDh fgsk s'I b? e/ BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh
Bkfb## se j?. ig[ ih ~ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ GktK dk ;ko th
;wfMnk iKdk j?.
gqFB 3 L @ig[# pkDh dh gfjbh gT[Vh ftu r[o{ ih eh ;tkb eoe/ eh itkp
fdzd/ jB <
T[& s
Z o L ;tkb j?—@@fet ;funkok j'Jhn? fet e{V? s[N? gkfb## Gkt n;hI
;funko fet/I pD ;ed/ jK ns/ i' ;kv/ s/ T[; gqG{ d/ ftukeo e{V
dh ezX j? T[j fet/I N[N
Z ;edh j? < fJ; dk T[& s
Z o j? fe, @@j[efw
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (75)
oikJh ubDk BkBe fbfynk Bkfb## Gkt gqG{ d/ j[ew ftu ofjD
Bkb jh n;hI ;funko pD ;ed/ jK.
gqFB 4 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko gqG{ d/ do #s/ tfvnkJh fet/I gqkgs ehsh ik
;edh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ig[, pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@fifB ;/ftnk fsfB gkfJnk
wkB[## Gkt fi; B/ gqG{ ~ f;wfonk, T[; B/ wkD s/ tfvnkJh gk bJh.
gqFB 5 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko GrsK d/ wB ftu ;dk nBzd fet/I pfDnK
ofjzdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@BkBe Grsk ;dk ftrk;[–
;[fDn? d{y gkg ek Bk;[–## Gkt GrsK d/ wB ftu ;dk fyVkT[
pfDnK ofjzdk j?, feT[Ife gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj ;[DB eoe/ T[jBK
d/ d[y
Z K s/ gkgK dk BkF j' iKdk j?.
gqFB 6 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko i/ eo ;kvh p[X
Z h wbhB j' iKdh j? sK fet/I
gftZso j' ;edh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh ftu \[owkD j?, @@Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt?
e? ozfr–## Gkt i/eo ;kvh p[X
Z h gkgK Bkb wbhB j' ikt/ sK gqG{ dk
Bkw igD Bkb fJ; ~ X' e/ gftZso ehsk ik ;edk j?.
gqFB 7 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko fi; wB[y
Z ~ gqG{ nkgDh f;\s ;kbkj p]F
d/t,/ T[j eh pD iKdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@fi; B' py;/ f;cfs
;kbkj– BkBe gkfs;kjh gkfs;kj[–## Gkt fi; ~ gqG{ B/ nkgD/ Bkw
o{gh f;\s ;kbkj p]F fdZsh, T[j wB[y
Z gksFkjK dk gksFkj pD
iKdk j?.
gqFB 8 L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko gzi yzvK pko/ ;zyg
/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh nB[;ko @Xow yzv# ftu iht nkgD/ \o} gfjukDdk j?.
@frnkB yzv# ftu iht dh frnkB okjhI ;wM pDdh j?. @;ow yzv# ftu
f;woB dh fwjBs Bkb wZs p[X
Z xVh iKdh j?. @eow yzv# ftu wkbe
dh w/jo jzd
[ h j?. @;Zu yzv# ftu iht gqG{ Bkb fJe-fwe j' iKdk j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(76) r[owfs frnkB
gqFB 9 L @ig[# pkDh dh ÁÆthI gT[Vh @;' do e/jk# s'I ;k~ fe; soQK dh
g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh dh fJ; gT[Vh s'I fJj g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? fe i/ eo fJj
;koh f;qFNh nekb g[oy dh f;\s ;kbkj eo ojh j? s/ j[ew ftu
uZb ojh j? sK ;k~ th T[; gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj eofdnK j[ew ftu
ubDk ukjhdk j?.
gqFB 10 L @ig[ ih ;kfjp# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ig[# pkDh gVQ e/ ;k~ nkgD/ nkg dk ns/ gqG{ dh Fesh dk frnkB
jzd
[ k j?. fJ; pkDh ~ fjod/ #u t;k bJhJ/ sK n;hI uzrh ihtB iku
tkb/ ;\b fJB;kB pD ;ed/ jK.

sPgq;kfd ;tZ:/–

gqFB 11 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; s'I Gkt j?, (st=s/oh, gq;kfd=feogk Bkb) s/oh feogk Bkb
fJj pkDh T[ukodk jK.
gqFB 12 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh fejV/ ;fsr[oK dh feZE/ doi j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj pkDh d;w gksFkj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh ouBk j? ns/
d;w rzE
q d/ gzBk ÀÂ T[& g
Z o nekb T[;sfs f;ob/y j/m doi j?.
gqFB 13 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh dk T[ukoB feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L g'Hq ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fbfynk fe fJj pkDh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
B/ gkT[INk ;kfjp fty/ T[ukoB ehsh.
gqFB 14 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ed'I gVQh iKdh
j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj pkDh nzfwqs t/b/ dhnK pkDhnK ftu Fkwb j? ns/ nzfwqs dk
pkNk fsnko eoB ;w/I th fJ; dk ikg ehsk iKdk j?.
gqFB 15 L @;qktr ;[X ;w{j f;XkB e/# gfjb/ ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; dk Gkt j? fe jo/e wZs dk w[y
Z we;d fJj ukjhdk j? fe T[j
gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dk okj dZ;./ i/ fJj BjhI sK T[; dk w[b
Z
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (77)
oZsh wkso jh ;wM'.
gqFB 16 L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr-T[sr
z -s[or
z s/ e[or
z s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L d{i/ ;tZ:/ ftu wszr s'I Gkt jkEh j?. T[sr
z s'I Gkt T[& u
Z / eZd tkb/,
s[or
z s'I Gkt x'V/ ns/ e[or
z s'I Gkt fjoB j?.
gqFB 17 L @shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkB# ;w[u
Z / ;tZ:/ dk Gkt noE eh j? <
T[&&Zso L shoE fJFBkB nkfd ;kXB, Xow g[;seK dk e/tb gVQBk,
pqjwukoh nkfdeK tkb/ emB sg—fJj ;ko/ T[& d
Z w ftnoE jB i/
eo gowkswk Bkb fgnko eoB dh iku BjhI f;Zyh.
gqFB 18 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu @s'fo nohB wo'fo wtk;B wks/ wszrB
wkB[ wb?Ir/# s'I nrbh gzesh fejVh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ftu nrbh gzesh j?, @@;qh gfs ;qh GrtkB feqgk fpB[ fsnkfr
ijkB[ fBdkfB ub?Ir/.##
gqFB 19 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh nB[;ko gqG{ ~ gqkgs fe; B/ ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L d;w gksFkj ih \[owkT[Id/ jB L @@;ku[ ejT[ ;[fB b/j[ ;G?- fifB
g/w
q [ ehU fsB jh gqG[ gkfJU–## Gkt w?I ;Zu efjzdk jK, ;ko/ fXnkB
Bkb ;[D bU—fi; wB[y
Z B/ gqG{ s/ gqG{ dh ]bes Bkb fgnko
ehsk, T[; B/ gqG{ ~ gk fbnk.
gqFB 20 L sPg;
q kfd ;tZ:/ pkDh ftu p[s
Z K s/ w[ofdnK ~ g{iD tkb/ ~ eh
fejk j? <
T[& s
Z o L d;w gksFkj ih B/ p[s
Z K s/ w[od/ g{iD tkfbnK ~ @g;[# Gkt gF{,
w{oy fejk j?. nzs ftu ;[us
/ ehsk j? fe iZr e{VhnK fefonktK ftu
cf;nk j'fJnk j? s/ tkfjr[o{ d/ G/d ~ BjhI gk fojk.

nBz d [ ;kfjp

gqFB 21 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <


T[& s
Z o L nBzd[ ;kfjp—;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih dh pkDh, okwebh okr ftu j?.
fJ; dhnK e[b
Z 40 gT[VhnK jB ns/ fJj pkDh ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih
d/ gzBk 917 s'I 922 se ;[Ff' Gs j?. fJ; pkDh dhnK gfjbh gzi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(78) r[owfs frnkB
gT[VhnK ns/ fJe nzsbh ukbQhthI gT[Vh jo ;wkrw ftu rkfJB ehsh
iKdh j?. nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh nzfwqs ;zuko dhnK pkDhnK ftu Fkwb j?.
gqFB 22 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko nBzd[ dh gqkgsh ed'I ehsh j? <
T[& s
Z o L nBzd[ ;kfjp ftu \[owkD j?, @@nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/ ;fsr[o{ w?
gkfJnk## Gkt id w?~ ;fsr[o{ fwb frnk sK nBzd dh gqkgsh j' rJh.
gqFB 23 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko eh ubkehnK iK f;nkDgK Bkb
gqG{ ~ gkfJnk ik ;edk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@J/ wB uzubk us[okJh feB? B gkfJnk##
Gkt ubkehnK iK f;nkDgK Bkb gqG{ ~ BjhI gkfJnk ik ;edk.
gqFB 24 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko r[o{ ih fejV/ ezw Bk eoB dk
T[gd/F fdzd/ jB <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ nzfs gS'skJhn?##
Gkt ni/jk ezw fpbe[b Bk eoBk fi; d/ eoB Bkb nzs ~
gSskT[Dk gt/.
gqFB 25 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko ;fsr[oK B/ f;ZyK ~ eh rkT[D dk
T[gd/F fdZsk j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj T[gd/F j?,
@@nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh–
pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh–##
(gz B k 920)

Gkt ;fsr[o{ d/ fgnkfoU f;Zy,' ;Zuh pkDh ~ rkt'. pkDh sK r[o{ dh


rkt' i' pkDhnK dh fFo'wDh pkDh j?.
gqFB 26 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[y
Z dh o;Bk (ihG) bJh eh
T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu T[gd/F j?, @@J/ o;Bk s{ nB of; okfu ojh
s/oh fgnk; B ikfJ## Gkt j/ w/oh o;Bk ! s{z jo f;woB dk o; SZv
e/ j'oBK o;K ftu ou ojh j?I. fJ; Bkb s/oh fgnk; BjhI p[MDh.
gqFB 27 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[y
Z dhnK nZyK s/ ezBK ~ eh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (79)
T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L nZyK ~ T[gd/F j?, @@J/ B/s&q j[ w/foj' jfo s[w wfj i'fs Xoh jfo fpB[
nto[ B d/yj[ e'Jh## Gkt nZyK Bkb jo iht ftu gqG{ dk dhdko jh
eoBk j?. ezBK ~ T[gd/F j?, @@J/ ;qtDj[ w/foj' ;ku? ;[BD? B' gmkJ/##
Gkt ezBK ~ ;Zu s/ ;Zuh pkDh ;[BD dk T[gd/F fdZsk frnk j?.
gqFB 28 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko wB[y
Z d/ d[y
Z K s/ o'rK dk BkF fet/I
j' ;edk j? <
T[& s
Z o L nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@d{y o'r ;zskg
T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh## Gkt id ;Zuh pkDh ;[Dh sK d[y
Z K s/ o'rK dk
BkF j' frnk.
gqFB 29 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko @;o;/# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJE/ @;o;/# Fpd d' FpdK d/ ;[wb
/ s'I j'Id ftu nkfJnk j?—
;+o;/, fJ; dk Gkt j? o; Bkb Gog{o. g{oh gzesh @;zs ;kiB GJ/
;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh# nB[;ko id g{o/ r[o{ s'I nBzd pko/ ikD fbnk
sK ;zs ;ZiD ;G o; Gog{o nkBzds j' rJ/.
gqFB 30 L @nBzd[ ;kfjp# pkDh dk ;w[u
Z k Gkt noE ;zyg
/ ftu fpnkB eo'.
T[& s
Z o L fJ; pkDh dk ;w[u
Z k Gkt j? fe ][Fh iK nBzd[ gdkoEK d/ Bkb BjhI,
;r'I gowkswk okjhI fwbdk j?. fco ;Zuh pkDh igfdnK d[y
Z , o'r,
fuzsktK ;G d{o j' iKdhnK jB.

ojokf; ;kfjp

gqFB 31 L @ojokf;# dk nZyoh noE eh j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko


fJj pkDh ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj d' Fpd jB—@oj# s'I Gkt j? o;sk ns/ @okf;# s'I Gkt j? g{i
z h.
fJj gqG{ Bkw dh f;\s jh ;kv/ o;s/ dh g{i
z h j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk
nB[;ko fJj pkDh Fkw ~ ;{oi v[p
Z D t/b/ gVQh iKdh j?.
gqFB 32 L @ojokf;# dk ;o{g toBD eo'.
T[& s
Z o L ojokf; ftu ;' do[ d/ 5 Fpd, ;' g[oy d/ 4 Fpd jB. fJ; s'I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(80) r[owfs frnkB
nZr—
/ ep:' pku p/Bsh u"gJh, ;t?:k (gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/) d'jok
(;rb d[nko eT[ Skfv e?) fco nBzd ;kfjp dhnK 6 gT[VhnK,
w[d
z ktDh s/ ;b'e wjbk 5 (gzitK) @s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh# se ojokf;
dk ;o{g j?.
gqFB 33 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu ;' do[ nB[;ko e"D-e"D gqG{ ~ rk oj/ jB
s/ ;k~ eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L @;' do[# ftu ;koh e[dos jh gqG{ dh ehosh rk ojh j?. r[o{ ih B/
pj[s ;ko/ BK toBD ehs/ jB s/ fco \[owkT[Id/ jB, @@j'fo e/s/ s[XB'
rktfB ;/ w? fufs B nktfB BkBe[ fenk phuko/.## Gkt j'o fezB/ e[
s[jkvh ehosh rk oj/ jB, fJj frDsh s'I pkjo j?. fJ; s'I f;Zfynk
fwbdh j? fe i/ eo ;koh ekfJBks gqG{ dh ehosh rk ojh j? sK n;hI
th T[; gqG{ dh ehosh rkJhJ/ s/ j[ew ftu uZbhJ/.
gqFB 34 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko wB[y
Z d/ nksfwe ihtB s/ nksfwe w"s
;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L @ojokf;# ftu nk;k wjbk À (gfjbk) d/ f;ob/y j/m \[owkD j?,
@@nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[## Gkt i/ w?I gowkswk dk Bkw b?Idk jK
sK ihT[Idk jK, i/ Bkw ft;o/ sd wo iKdk jK. fJ; bJh gowkswk
dk Bkw f;woBk nksfwe ihtB j? ns/ ft;o ikDk nksfwe w"s j?.
gqFB 35 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko ;kv/ gqkDK dk nk;ok e"D j? ns/ ;kv/
ihtB ;\o dh g{i
z h fejVh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ;zpX
z h ;fsr[oK dk T[gd/F j?, @@r[owfs Bkw[ w/ok gqkB ;ykJh
jfo ehofs jwoh ojokf;## Gkt r[o{ f;Zfynk nB[;ko fwfbnk Bkw
;kv/ gqkDK dk nk;ok j? ns/ gqG{ dh f;\s ;kbkj ;kv/ ihtB ;\o
dh g{i
z h j?.
gqFB 36 L @ojokf;# pkDh nB[;ko @@w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;fs;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk#
tkbhnK ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu eh T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJjBK ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu r[o{ ih T[gd/F fdzd/ jB fe j/
w/o/ gow/Fo ih ! fi; B/ ;fs ;zrs ehsh, T[j jh so frnk, feT[Ife
;fs;zrs ftu r[o{ dh ;'Mh j'Jh s/ r[o{ dh feogk d[nkok g{oB gd gk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (81)
fbnk. fJ; soQK ikDh ;[e
Z / ekm th jo/ j' rJ/ Gkt em'o fjod/ tkb/
th nksfwe ihtB gk e/ nkBzfds j' rJ/.
gqFB 37 L @ojokf;# pkDh #u @@GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/jo
[ hnk## Fpd ftu eh
T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ftu T[gd/F j? fe j/ wB ! fJj wB[y
Z k d/jh s?~ gqkgs j'Jh j?
s/ gqG{ d/ fwbD dh fJj s/oh tkoh j? Gkt w"ek j?. j'o Xzd/ s/o/ fe;/
ezw BjhI s/ ;kX ;zrs eoe/ e/tb T[; gqG{ dk Bkw f;woB eo.
gqFB 38 L @ojokf;# ftu d;w gksFkj ih dh fejVh pkDh doi j? <
T[& s
Z o L ojokf; ftu @ep:' pku p/Bsh u"gJh# d;w gksFkj ih dh pkDh
j?. fJ; s'I fJbktk @ojokf;# ftu i' ;?:
P k j?, @gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/#
s'I b? e/ @w? B ej:' ;G s'fj pykB:'# se ns/ fJe d'jok @;rb
d[nko eT[ Skfv e?# s'I @r'fpzd dk; s[jko# se fJj th d;w gksFkj
ih dh ouBk j?.
gqFB 39 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu d;w gksFkj ih d/ ofus d'jo/ dk Gkt
noE eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; d'jo/ ftu r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB fe j/ gqG{ ! w?I ;G d[nkfonK
~ SZv e/ nkg dk d[nkok gefVnk j?. fJ; bJh nkg ~ jh pKj cVh
dh bki j? ns/ j/ gqG{ ih ! r'fpzd (f;zx) nkg dk dk; j?.#
gqFB 40 L @ojokf;# pkDh ftu @w[d
z ktDh# tkb/ Fpd s'I ;k~ eh T[gd/F
fwbdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L w[d
z ktDh dk noE e[M ftdtkBK B/ w'jo ehsk j?, go GkJh tho f;zx
ih nB[;ko w[d
z ktDh s'I Gkt p[Mkos j?. gzuw gksFkj ih T[gd/F
fdzd/ jB, @Ekb ftu fszB t;sK ;s, ;zsy
' s/ nzfwqs Bkw j?, thuko
eo' nzfwqs Bkw dk ;G ~ nkXko j?. fJ; gdkoE ~ i/ e'Jh ykt/ s/
i/ e'Jh ykD d/ nBzd ~ XkoB eo/ sK T[; dk T[Xko j[d
z k j?. fJj t;s{
SZvD d/ i'r BjhI s/ fJ; ~ ;dk fjod/ ftu XkoB eoe/ oZy.' ;z;ko
ftu nfrnkBsk o{gh jB/ok j? s/ r[o{ d/ uoBhI bZr e/ sohdk j?. fco
;wM g?Idh j? fe ;kok gqG{ dk jh gk;kok j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(82) r[owfs frnkB
;' f jbk

gqFB 41 L @;'fjbk# s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ ;'fjbk pkDh ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;'fjbk s'I Gkt i; iK f;\s ;kbkj eoBh j?. ;'fjbk pkDh fBsB/w
dh pkDh j?. oks ~ ;"D ;w/I fJ; dk gkm ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; s'I
fJbktk f;ZyK ftu fe;/ w'J/ gqkDh d/ nzsw ;;eko s'I pknd th
@;'fjbk# pkDh gVQh iKdh j?.
gqFB 42 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk ;o{g toDB eo'.
T[& s
Z o L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu e[b gzi Fpd jB ns/ fJj ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih d/ gzBk 11 s'I 13 se doi jB. fJjBK ftZuI' gfjb/ fszB Fpd ;qh
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/, fJe Fpd ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih dk ns/ fJe
Fpd ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh ouBk j?.
gqFB 43 L @;'fjbk# pkDh dk Bkw @ehosB ;'fjbk# fet/I gqub
Z s j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkw s"o #s/ @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gkm s'I gfjbK r[od[nkfonK ftu
@;'do# d/ gkm s'I pknd Fpd ehosB j[d
z k ;h. fJ; bJh fJ; pkDh
d/ Bkw Bkb @ehosB# gd bk e/ @ehosB ;'fjbk# BkT[I gqub
Z s j'
frnk.
gqFB 44 L @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ gfjb/ Fpd, @i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?# dk
e/Idoh Gkt eh j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; dk e/Idoh Gkt ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu j?, @@s[w rktj[ w/o/
fBoGT[ ek ;'fjbk– jT[ tkoh fis[ ;'fjb? ;dk ;[y j'fJ– 1– ojkT[–
## Gkt s[;hI w/o/ fBoGT[ gqG{ dk i; rkt', w? tkoB/ iktK, n?;k i;
rkt' fi; eoe/ ;dk dk ;[y
Z j't./
gqFB 45 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @fSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;# tkbh
g{oh gzesh s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; s'I Gkt j? fe S/ Fk;sq jB, S/ jh T[jBK d/ eosk Gkt ouBjko/
jB ns/ S/ jh T[jBK d/ T[gd/F jB. go r[oK dk r[o{ nekb g[oy fJZe'
j? s/ T[; d/ t/; nB/e jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (83)
gqFB 46 L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu r[o{ ih B/ e[dos dh nkosh dk toBD fet/I
ehsk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih \[owkT[Id/ jB fe wB[y
Z ~ pBkT[Nh nkosh eoB dh b'V
BjhI, feT[Ife e[dos ftu gfjbK jh pj[s ;[d
z o nkosh j' ojh j?.
;'fjbk pkDh ftu Fpd j? L
rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/ skfoek wzvb iBe w'sh–
X{g[ wbnkBb' gtD[ uto' eo/ ;rb pBokfJ c{bzs i'sh–
(gzBk 13)

gqFB 47 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko wB[y


Z h ;oho fejV/ ftekoK Bkb Gfonk
j? ns/ T[; s'I ]bk;h fet/I j' ;edh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk \[owkD j?, @@ekfw eo'fX Bro[ pj[
Gfonk fwfb ;kX{ yzvb yzvk j/## Gkt wB[y
Z h ;oho ekw-e'X
q Bkb
Gfonk j? ns/ ;Zuh ;zrs Bkb fwb e/ ]bk;h j' rJh j?.
gqFB 48 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ã# ftu nzib
[ h
s/ vzvT[s Fpd s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L @nzib
[ h# Fpd s'I Gkt j?, d'jK jZEK ~ fJzM w/bDk fe p[e
Z fijk pD/,
fi; ~ T[mk e/ f;o se b? ikDk s/ fJ; soQK eoBk ;fseko eoBk j?.
@vzvT[s# Fpd s'I Gkt vzv/ dh soQK bzw/ g? e/ wAE
Z k N/eDk j?.
gqFB 49 L @;'fjbk# pkDh d/ nzsb/ Fpd @eoT[ p/Bs
z h ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk# ftu
ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK ftu eh T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; Fpd ftu ojkT[ dhnK gzeshnK jB, @@nT[X xN? fdB;[
o?Dko/– wB r[o fwfb eki ;tko/– Gkt fdB s/ oks eoe/ T[wo
xZNdh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh j/ w/o/ wB ! s/o/ bJh uzrk j? fe s{z r[oK Bkb
fwb e/ nkgDk ihtB ;\bk eo b?.
gqFB 50 L @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o#/
s'I nrbh gzesh d/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.
T[& s
Z o L fJ; s'I nrbh gzesh j?, @BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo
;zsB eh X{o#/ Gkt BkBe dk; fJj' ;[y wzrdk j? fe w?~ ;zsK dh uoB
X{V p]F', Gkt ;fs;zr ftu FoXk p]F'.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(84) r[owfs frnkB
ig[ ih
B'N L @ig[ ih# r[opkDh ezm eoB bJh fBZsB/w pkDh d/ r[Nek ;kfjp
s'I gkm eo', go nkgD/ nfGnk; s/ iwks N?;N bJh j/m fby/ nB[;ko ;ob
sohek j? L

(ig[ ih ;kfjp, ;tZ:/ gksL À¿, nBzd[ ;kfjp g{ok, ojokf; s/


;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I 20 Bzpo dk g/go j'tr
/ k.)

ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh dh fJ; gfjbh gzesh s'I Fpd g{ok eo'.
À> ;fsBkw[HHHHHHHHHHHH r[o gq;kfd–
nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[HHHHHHHHHHHH j';h Gh ;u[– À–
;'u? ;'fu B j'tJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À–
j[ewh j'tfB nkekoHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–
rkt? e' skD[ j't? fe;? skD[HHHHHHHHHHH – –
;kuk ;kfjp[ ;ku[ BkfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö
Ekfgnk B ikfJ ehsk B j'fJHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–
shofE Bktk i/ fs;[ GktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–
i/ i[r uko/ nkoikHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–
;[fDn? f;X gho ;[fo BkEHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–
;[fDn? Jh;o[ powk fJzdH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – È–
;[fDn? ;s[ ;zsy
' [ frnkB[HHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–
;[fDn? ;ok r[Dk e/ rkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÀ–
wzB/ eh rfs ejh B ikfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÁ–

wzB? ;[ofs j't? wfB p[fXHHHHHHHHHHHH – À–

wzB? wkofr mke B gkfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÖ


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (85)
wzB? gktfj w'y[ d[nkokHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÄ–
gzu gotkD gzu goXkB[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÅ–
n;zy ig n;zy GkT[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÆ–
n;zy w{oy nzX x'oH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÇ–
n;zy Bkt n;zy EktHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÈ–
Gohn? jE[ g?o[ sB[ d/jHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á¿–
shoE[ sg[ dfJnk ds[ dkBHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÀ–

gkskbk gkskb by nkrk;k nkrk;HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÁ–

;kbkjh ;kbkfj J/sh ;[ofs B gkJhnkHHHHHHHHHH – Á–


nzs[ B f;csh ejfD B nzsH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÖ
pj[sk eow[ fbfynk B ikfJHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÄ–
nw[b r[D nw[b tkgkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÅ–
;' do[ e/jk ;' xo[ e/jkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÆ–

w[d
z k ;zsy
' [ ;ow[ gs[ M'bhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–
G[rfs frnkB[ dfJnk GzvkofDHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–
J/ek wkJh i[rfs ftnkJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ¿–
nk;D[ b'fJ b'fJ GzvkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–
fJe d{ ihG" by j'fjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–
nkyfD i'o[ u[g? Bj i'oH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – –
oksh o[sh fEsh tkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÖ
Xow yzv ek J/j' Xow[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–
frnkB yzv wfj frnkB[ gouzvH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–
eow yzv eh pkDh i'oH[ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–
is[ gkjkok Xhoi[ ;[fBnko[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–

gtD[ r[o{ gkDh fgskHHHHHH e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– À–


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(86) r[owfs frnkB
1>;fsr[o gq;kfd–

sPgq;kfd– ;tZ:/– gkL 10


(;tZ:/ :kd eoB bJh iwks N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B fJ; soQK j'tr
/ k L)


;qktr ;[X
Z ;w{j f;XkB e/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–

wks/ wszr io/ io ;zrHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–

ihs fco? ;G d/; fd;kB e'HHHHHHHHHHHH – –

shoE BkB dfJnk dw dkBHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö

;[X
Z f;gkj d[os
z d[pkjHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ä–

pho ngko pv/ pfonkoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Å–

dkBt d/t cfBzd fB;kuoHHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–

wkBt fJzdq rfizdq BokXgHHHHHHHHHHHH – Ç–

ejk G:' i' d'T{ b'uB w{d
z e?HHHHHHHHHH – È–

ekj{ b? gkjB g{i Xo:' f;oHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (87)
nBz d [ ;kfjp
okwebh wjbk 3 nBz d [

1>;fsr[ o gq ; kfd–

nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh-ezm r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B
fJ; gqeko j'tr
/ k L

nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – À–

J/ wB w/fonk s{ ;dk oj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–

;ku/ ;kfjpk fenk BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH – –

;kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Ö

tki/ gzu ;pd fss[ xfo ;Gkr?HHHHHHHH – Ä–

;kuh fbt? fpB[ d/j fBwkDhHHHHHHHHHH – Å–

nkBzd[ nkBzd[ ;G[ e' ej?HHHHHHHHHHHH – Æ–

pkpk fi;[ s{ d/fj ;'Jh iB[ gkt?HHHHHH – Ç–

nktj[ ;zs fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – È–

J/ wB uzubk us[okJhHHHHHHHHHHHH – À¿–

J/ wB fgnkfonk s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/HH – ÀÀ–

nrw nr'uok s/ok nzs[ B gkfJnkHHH – ÀÁ–

;[fo Bo w[fB iB nzfwqs[ y'id/HHHHHHH – À–

Grsk eh ukb fBokbhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÖ

fiT[ s{ ubkfJfj fst ubj ;[nkwhH – ÀÄ–

J/j[ ;'fjbk ;pd[ ;[jktkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÅ–

gfts[ j'J/ ;/ iBk fiBh jfo fXnkfJnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÆ–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(88) r[owfs frnkB

eowh ;ji[ B T{gi?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÇ–

ihnj[ w?b/ pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÀÈ–

ihnj[ fBowb pkjoj[ fBowbHHHHHHHHHHHH – Á¿–

i/ e' f;y[ r[o{ ;/sh ;Bw[y[ j'tH? HHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÀ–

i/ e' r[o s/ t/wy
[ [ j't? fpB[ ;fsr[oHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÁ–

nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj'HHHHHHHHHHHH – Á–

;fsr[o{ fpBk j'o euh j? pkDhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÖ

r[o ek ;pd[ oszB[ j?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÄ–

f;t ;efs nkfg T[gkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÅ–

f;fwqfs ;k;sq g[B
z gkg phukod/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÆ–

wksk e/ T[do wfj gqfsgkb eo/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÇ–

i?;h nrfB T[do wfjHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÁÈ–

jfo nkfg nw[be[ j? w[fb BHHHHHHHHHHHH – Â0–

jfo okf; w/oh wB[ tDikokHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÀ–

J/ o;Bk s{ nB of; okfu ojhHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÁ–

J/ ;ohok w/fonk jfo s[w wfj i'fs oyhHHHHHHHHHHHH – –

wfB ukT[ GfJnk gqG nkrw[ ;[fDnkHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÖ

J/ ;ohok w/fonk fJ;[ ir wfj nkfJ e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÄ–

J/ B/sj
q [ w/foj' jfo s[w wfj i'fs XohHHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÅ–

J/ ;qtDj[ w/foj' ;ku? ;[BD? B' gmkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÆ–

jfo ihT[ r[ck nzdfo ofy e?HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÇ–

J/j[ ;kuk ;'fjbk ;ku? xfo rktj[HHHHHHHHHHHH – ÂÈ–

nBd ;[Dj[ tvGkrhj' ;rb wB'oE g{oH/ HHHHHHHHHHH – ÿ–

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (89)
ojokf; ;kfjp
B'N L ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh ezm fBsB/w d/ r[Ne/ s'I eo' go iwks
N?;N s/ ;t? nfXn?B fJ; soQK j'tr
/ kL

;' do[ okr[ nk;k wjbk À
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
;' do s/ok e/jkHHHHHHHHHHHH

nk;k wjbk À
;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJHHHHHHHHHHHH

nk;k wjbk À
nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[HHHHHHHHHHHH

okr r{ioh wjbk Ã
jfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oykHHHHHHHHHHHH

okr r{ioh wjbk Ä
ekj/ o/ wB fustfj T[dw[HHHHHHHHHHHH

okr nk;k wjbk à ;' g[oy[
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
;' g[oy[ fBoziB[ jfo g[oy[ fBoziB[HHHHHHHHHHHH

nk;k wjbk Ã
s{z eosk ;funko[ w?vk ;KJhHHHHHHHHHHHH

nk;k wjbk À
fss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;kHHHHHHHHHHHH

nk;k wjbk Ä
GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnkHHHHHHHHHHHH

gkL À¿– efp:' pku p/Bsh– u"gJh–
jwoh eo' jkE d? oZSkHHHHHHHHHHHH
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(90) r[owfs frnkB

;?:
P k–
gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/HHHHHHHHHHHH

d'jok–
;rb d[nko eT[ Skfv e?HHHHHHHHHHHH

okwebh wjbk  nBzd[
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/HHHHHHHHHHHH

w[d
z ktDh wjbk Ä
Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhUHHHHHHHHHHHH

;b'e wjbk Ä
s/ok ehsk iks' BkjhHHHHHHHHHHHH

;' f jbk

okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À
À> ;fsr[o gq;kfd–
i? xfo ehofs nkyhn?HHHHHHHHHHHH

okr[ nk;k wjbk À
fSn xo fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;HHHHHHHHHHHH

okr XBk;oh wjbk À
rrB w? Ekb[ oft uzd[ dhge pB/HHHHHHHHHHHH

okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ã
ekfw eo'fX Bro[ pj[ GfonkHHHHHHHHHHHH

okr[ rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ä
eoT[ p/Bs
z h ;[Dj[ w/o/ whskHHHHHHHHHHHH

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (91)
ojokf; s/ ;'fjbk pkDh d/ noE ;wMD bJh fe;/ th
Nhekeko dk Nhek gVQ,' go fJBQK d'jK pkDhnK ftZuI'
20 Bzpo d/ noE fJ; gqeko g[SZ / ikDr/.

gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @@nk;k wjbk À—;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJ##
Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.

iK
@@okr r{ioh wjbk ×@jfo e/ iB ;fsr[o ;sg[oyk## Fpd g{ok
eoe/ Gkt noE ;wMkT[.
gqFB L @;'fjbk# pkDh ftu'I @rrB w? Ekb oft uzd[ dhge pB/# Fpd g{ok
eoe/ noE eo'

iK
okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk Ä—@@eoT[ p/Bs
z h ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk## Fpd
g{ok eoe/ noE ;gZFN eo'.
gqFB L ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU# Fpd g{ok eoe/
noE eo'

iK
ojokf; pkDh ftu @gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/# ;?:
P k fezBKQ dh ofus pkDh
j?, g{ok eoe/ Gkt noE fby'.
gqFB L ;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I okr rT[Vh dhgeh wjbk À Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE
eo'

iK
okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk à f;ob/y tkbk Fpd g{ok eoe/ noE eo'.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(92) r[owfs frnkB
gqFB L fBws fbys gzeshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' L
fss[ ;otoV? GJhb/ fBtk;k
gkDh gkte[ fsBfj ehnk–
gzei[ w'j gr Bjh ukb?
jw d/yk sj v{phnb/–
iK
okfy b/j[ w[fj okyBjko/
;kfjp ;zs ;jkfJ fgnko/–
dhB pzX d[;NB e/ jzsk
s[w j' g[oh us[od; ezsk–
gqFB L fBws fbys gzrshnK d/ noE ;gZFN eo' L
;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[
;j; w{ofs BBk J/e s'jh–
;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[
;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–
iK
eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk–
Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk–
gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' L
d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh–
;zs ;kiB GJ/ ;o;/ g{o/ r[o s/ ikDh–
iK
s/ok ehsk iks' Bkjh w?B' i'r[ ehs'Jh–
w? fBor[fDnko/ e' r[D[ Bkjh nkg/ so;[ gfJUJh–
gqFB L j/m fbyhnK gzrshnK d/ ;ob noE eo' L
i? xfo ehofs nkyhn? eos/ ek j'fJ phuko'–
fss[ xfo rktj[ ;'fjbk f;tfoj[ f;oiDjko'–
iK
nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–
BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[opkDh (93)
gq F B gZ s o dh o{ g o/ y k

doik—d{ik

gouk gfjbk—
r[ o -fJfsjk; s/ r[ o pkDh

;wK 3 xzN/ e[b nze 100

(Gkr—T)

j/m fbfynK ftu'I e'Jh gzi gqFB eo' L—

1H ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk gqekF, pkb nt;Ek s/ ftZfdnk


;zpX
z h s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
2H ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih tb'I f;Zy Xow dk gquko s/ i'sh i's
;wkT[D d/ fJfsjk; T[& g
Z o ukBDk gkU.

3H ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih dk w[Y


Z bk ihtB, r[fonkJh s/ ;wekbh
jkbks pko/ ukBDk gkU.

4H ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

5H ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dhnK uko izrK pko/ ukBDk gkU.
6H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ftu'I ]kb;k gzE dh
f;oiDk ;zpX
z h Gktg{ote b/y fby'.

7H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk dwdwk ;kfjp fBtk;, dZyD :ksok s/


i'sh i's ;wkT[D dk fJfsjk; toDB eo'.

5X8=40

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(94) r[owfs frnkB
(Gkr-n)

fJ; Gkr ftu'I gzi gqFB eo' L-


1H @gzu gotkD gzu goXkB# iK @is[ gkjkok Xhoi[ ;[fBnko# d'jK ftu'I
fJe gT[Vh F[X
Z s/ ;zgo
{ B eoe/ fby'.
2H @wks/ wszr io/ io ;zr# iK @pho ngko pv/ pfonko# d'jK ftu'I fJe
;t?:k g{ok eoe/ fby'.
3H @nkBzd[ nkBzd[ ;G[ e' ej?# iK @wfB ukT[ GfJnk gqG nkrw[ ;[fDnk#
nBzd ;kfjp pkDh ftu'I e'Jh fJe gT[Vh g{oh eoe/ fby'.
4H ojokf; pkDh ftu'I @nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[# iK @jfo e/ iB
;fsr[o ;sg[oyk# fJe Fpd g{ok eo'.
5H ;'fjbk pkDh ftu'I okr XBk;oh wjbk À iK @okr rT[Vh g{oph wjbk
Ä Fpd ;zgo
{ B eo'.

5X4=20

(Gkr—J)

fJ; Gkr ftZuI' d' FpdK d/ noE eo' L—


1H ojokf; pkDh ftZuI' @@nk;k wjbk À @;[fD tvk nky? ;G[ e'fJ# Fpd
g{ok eoe/ noE eo'

iK
ojokf; pkDh ftZuI' @@Ekb ftfu fszfB t;s{ gJhU## Fpd g{ok eoe/
Gkt noE ;wMkU.
2H fBws fbys gzrshnK ftu'I fe;/ fJe d/ noE eo' L
;j; st B?B BB B?B jfj s'fj eT[
;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s['jh–
;j; gd fpwb BB J/e gd rzX fpB[
;j; st rzX fJt ubs w'jh–

iK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk (95)
nzsoikwh g[oy fpXks/ ;oXk wB eh g{o/–
BkBe dk;[ fJj? ;[y[ wkr? w' eT[ efo ;zsB eh X{o/–

2X10=20

(Gkr—;)

j/m fby/ d; gqFBK d/ T[& s


Z o ;zyg
/ ftu fby' L
1H whoh-ghoh s'I eh Gkt j? <
2H ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dk ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih Bkb eh
foFsk ;h <
3H ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih i'sh i's ed'I s/ feZE/ ;wkJ/ <
4H ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih ~ r[fonkJh dk fsbe ed'I s/ fezBKQ B/
bkfJnk <
5H ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk gqekF ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
6H @ig[# pkDh dk ;w[u
Z k ;o{g eh j? <
7H sPg;
q kfd ;t?:/ pkDh f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ed'I gVQh iKdh j? <
8H @nBzd ;kfjp# pkDh nB[;ko ;o;/ s'I eh Gkt j? <
9H @ojokf;# pkDh ftu @GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/jo
[ hnk# Fpd ftu eh
T[gd/F j? <
10H @;'fjbk# pkDh nB[;ko @fSn no fSn r[o fSn T[gd/;# tkbh g{oh
gzrsh s'I eh Gkt j? <
10X2+20

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(96) r[owfs frnkB
prcw dUjw

f;Z y fJfsjk;
s/
ofjs wo:kdk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (97)
ykbh g/i

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(98) r[owfs frnkB
Bh:s ehs/ Bt/ I f;b/ p ; nB[ ; ko L

gouk d{ik—f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdk


;wK L 3 xzN/ e[b nze 100
(T) f;Zy BkfJeK dhnK ihtBhnK L

GkJh fdnkbk ih

pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx

Btkp eg{o f;zx

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk

nekbh c{bk f;zx

GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx-wfjskp f;zx 20
(n) nmkothI ;dh d/ xZbx
{ ko/ L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok (1746), tZvk xZbx
{ kok
(1762)
fJfsjk; f;Zy fw;bK L nkjb{tkbhnk, f;zxg[ohnk, okwrVQhnk ns/
fw;b FjhdK 20
(J) j/m fby/ ftfFnK dk nfXn?B L

r[od[nkok

w[ytke b?D dh ftXh

;qh nyzv gkm

;kXkoB gkm

G'r 20
(;) feos eoBh, Bkw igDk, tzv SeDk, ;kX ;zrs, f;woB
nodk; dh wjZssk . 20
(j) d; gqFBK d/ ;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o—(Gkr T-n-J-;) ftu'I nkT[Dr/. 20

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bh:s ehsk BtK f;b/p; (99)
sseok

gouk d{ik - f;Zy fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdk


GkJh fdnkbk ih 101
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih 104
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih 108
;qH iZ;k f;Zx nkjb{tkbhnk 113
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih 118
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih 122
S'Nk xZbx
{ kok 127
tZvk xZbx
{ kok 132
f;Zy fw;bK L
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b 138
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b 141
okwrVQhnk fw;b 144
fw;b FjhdK 146
e[M ftfFnK dk nfXn?B L
r[od[nko/ 149
w[ytke b?D dh ftXh 152
;kXkoB gkm 153
nyzv gkm 154
G'r 155
feos eoBh 158
Bkw igDk 162
tzv SeDk 166
;kX ;zrs 170
f;woB 174
nodk; dh wZjssk 178
gqFB gZso dh o{g o/yk 183

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(100) r[owfs frnkB
BweI idAwlw jI
GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh L
GkJh fdnkbk ih B"tI/ gksFkj ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb fdZbh fty/
Fjhd j'D tkb/ f;deh f;ZyK ftu'I fJe ;B. fJjBK ~ gkDh dh d/r ftu
fpmk e/ j/mK nZr pkba fdZsh rJh. T[pbdk gkDh th GkJh fdnkbk ih d/
f;de ~ v[bk Bk ;fenk. B"tI/ gksFkj ih d/ j[ewBkfwnK ftu nkg ih
dk BK GkJh fdnkb dk; eoe/ nB/e tko nkfJnk j?.

GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ itkBh dh T[wo/ nkg d/ fgsk GkJh wkJh dk; ih


B/ ;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu 1657 JhH ~ ;/tk
bJh jk}o ehsk ;h. GkJh fdnkbk ih GkJh wkJh dk; d/ pkoQK g[s
Z oK ftu'I
d{i/ Bzpo #s/ ;B. pzd-pzd eNtkT[D tkb/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih th GkJh
fdnkbk ih d/ S'N/ GkJh ;B. GkJh ;kfjp d/ gfotko dk ;zpX
z r[o{ xo Bkb
g[okDk ;h. nkg d/ dkdk GkJh pZb{ ih S/tI/ gksFkj dh \"i ftu seV/
ioB?b ;B. GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh frnkoK Gok r[o{ gzE bJh e[opkB j'J./

GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ gfjbK ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ c/o ;qh r[o{
jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu FoXk GktBk Bkb jo gqeko dh ;/tk
fBGkJh. id ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJh
fdnkbk ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jh
ftFtk; gkso ;B. id'I B"tI/ gksFkj ih 1665 JhH ~ g{op tZb gquko bJh
rJ/ sK nkgD/ gfotko ~ gNBk ;kfjp SZv rJ/ ;B. T[; ;w/I th gfotko
dh ;/tk ;zGkb ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih oj/.

B"tI/ gksFkj ih d/ j[ewBkfwnK ftu th GkJh fdnkbk ih dk


jtkbk, w[y
Z h f;ZyK d/ o{g ftu nkfJnk j?. fJjBK jtkfbnK s'I fJe rZb
;gZFN jzd
[ h j? fe GkJh fdnkbk ih r[o{ xo ftu nfs ;fsekos s/ tZy-tZy

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (101)
fJbkfenK dhnK f;Zy ;zrsK ftu seVk o;{y oZyd/ ;B.

id 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh


j'Jh sK T[jBK s'I gfjbK GkJh wsh dk; ih ~ nko/ Bkb uhfonk frnk. GkJh
;sh dk; ih ~ o{z ftu bg/N e/ nZr ftu ;kV e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. GkJh
fdnkbk ih nZr/ th d' ;tkb oZy/ rJ/ fe iK fJ;bkw ep{b eo' iK w"s ep{b
eo'.

GkJh fdnkbk ih dk ihtB r[owfs ozr ftu ozfrnk j'fJnk ;h. fJ;
GiB pzdrh tkb/ ;{ow/ B/ }kbwK ~ T[j' T[& s
Z o fdZsk fe w?~ w/ok Xow
fgnkok j?. w"s s'I vo e/ nkgDk ihtB f;XKs iK Xow pdb b?Dk ;{ofwnK
dk ezw BjhI. fJ; bJh w?~ f;Zyh T[& s
Z / wkD j?. ;oho B/ sK nk]o ]sw j'Dk
jh j? s/ w?~ w"s gqtkB j?.

n"or
z }/p d/ ipo ~ GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ ;po Bkb tzrkfonk. GkJh
fdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ Fkjh j[ewK Bkb fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e
ftu gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r ftu T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. nkg B/ fJ;
nZs d/ ;ohoe eFN ~ s[S eoe/ ikfDnK ns/ r[opkDh dk gkm eod/
eod/, gqG{ d/ GkD/ ftu GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh pko/ ft;sko g{ote ukBDk gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih-GkJh wkJh dk; ih d/ ;g[s
Z o ;B, nkg d/ dkdk
GkJh pZb{ ih S/tI/ gksFkj ih dh \"i ftu seV/ ioB?b ;B.
gqFB 2 L GkJh fdnkbk ih B/ fejV/-fejV/ ;fsr[oK d/ dopko ftu ;/tk
fBGkJh <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ ;Zst/I gksFkj ;qh r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih ns/ nZmt/I gksFkj
;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp ih d/ dopko ftu th ;/tk fBGkJh.
gqFB 3 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ B"tI/ gksFkj d/ ;w/I fejVh ;/tk fdZsh rJh <
T[& s
Z o L id B"tI/ gksFkj ih r[osk rZdh #s/ ;[GkfJwkB j'J/ sK GkJh fdnkbk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(102) r[owfs frnkB
ih ~ @xopkoh dhtkB# Ekfgnk frnk. nkg r[o{ xo d/ pj[s jh
ftFtk; gkso ;B.
gqFB 4 L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh fezB/ Gok f;Zy gzE bJh e[opkB j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih j'Dh pkoQK Gok ;B. fJjBK ftu'I frnkoK GkJh f;Zy
gzE bJh e[opkB j'J./ pzd-pzd eNtkT[D tkb/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih th
nkg d/ S'N/ Gok ;B.
gqFB 5 L GkJh fdnkbk ih ed'I, feZE/ s/ fet/I Fjhd j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh fdnkbk ih ~ 11 Btzpo 1675 JhH ~ fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"e ftu,
gkDh dh T[pbdh d/r #u T[pkb e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh fdnkbk ih (103)
bwbw boqw isMG-grjw isMG jI
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih dk ihtB s/ Fjhdh L
pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh (1716 JhH) s'I b? e/ 1765 JhH
se ]kb;k gzE ~ pj[s jh efmBkJhnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk. nkgDh
fBnkoh j'Id ~ ekfJw oZyD bJh fJj ;wK seVh id' ifjd dk fJfsjk;
j?. T[go'es ftF/ nB[;ko ;w/I pko/ ikDhJ/ sK gzikp dk rtoBo ]kB
pjkdo }eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ 1726 JhH s'I b? e/ 1745 JhH se f;ZyK T[& g
Z o
pj[s jh }[bw ehs/. }eohnk ]K B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih, GkJh sko{ f;zx ih,
GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx ih, Fkjpki f;zx ns/ j'o p/ns
z f;zxK f;zxDhnK ~ nZs
d/ s;hj/ d/ e/ w"s d/ xkN T[skfonk. Gkt/I fJe ;w/I 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk
]K B/ GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx okjhI f;Zy gzE Bkb B/Vsk tXkT[D bJh ikrho th
fdZsh, go T[; dh y'Nh Bhns tkbh ;KM pj[sk ;wK Bk ofj ;eh.

;zB 1739 d/ w[Y


Z b/ wjhfBnK ftu BkdoFkj B/ gzikp ~ popkd eo
fdZsk s/ fdZbh ~ b[fZ Nnk ;h. id b[N
Z dk wkb b? e/ T[j fJokB ~ tkg;
w[fVnk sK je{ws d/ ;skJ/ f;Zy i' fFtkbe dhnK gjkVhnK tZb ;B,
T[jBK B/ Bkdo dh \"i d/ fgSb/ Gkr T[s/ jZbk eoe/ ek\h wkb y'j fbnk.
f;ZyK dh db/oh s'I j?okB j' e/ Bkdo, bkj"o ftu o[fenk. T[; B/ }eohnk
]K ~ fejk fe fJj pkrh fJe fdB s/o/ w[be T[s/ ep}k th eo ;ed/ jB.

}eohnk ]K B/ c/o fJbke/ d/ nfXekohnK ~ j[ew d/ e/ f;ZyK dk y[ok


y'i fwNkT[D bJh ewoeZ;/ eo bJ/. f;Zy oki;EkB s/ fFtkbe dhnK
gjkVhnK tZb b[e fSg rJ/. }eohnk ]K dk gZek fBFuk ;h fe f;Zy b'e
nzfwqs;o ;o'to ftu fJFBkB eoe/ fco BthI Fesh s/ db/oh jk;b eo
b?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh T[; B/ nzfwqs;o T[& g
Z o pj[s ;]sh ehsh. T[Xo f;ZyK
dk j";bk d/y' fe T[j }eohnk ]K dh wBkjh s/ ;]sh d/ pkti{d th oks
poks/ ;o'to #u fJFBkB eo iKd/ ;B. nZi o'}kBk nodk; ftu i/ eo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(104) r[owfs frnkB
n;hI nzfwqs;o d/ fJFBkB dh i'dVh eod/ jK sK fJ; fgZS/ ;kvk pj[s tZvk
fJfsjk;, Fesh, fdqVs
Q k, e[opkBh s/ f;Zyh d/ e/Ido s'I pfbjko/ ikD dk
e"wh i}pk j?. ;kv/ tZv/ tv/fonK B/ ;h; sbh #s/ Xo e/ th fe;/ ;w/I nzfwqs;o
d/ fJFBkB ehs/ ;B.

fJj' fJfsjk; pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk j?. pkpk p'sk f;zx
ih fgzv GVkDk, f}bQk bkj"o d/ t;Bhe ;B s/ T[jBK dk ;kEh GkJh roik
f;zx ozxo/Nk d'B' jh nzfwqs;o d/ gftZso ;o'to #u fJFBkB eoe/ soB
skoB bkr/ ik oj/ ;B. T[jBK ~ t/y e/ d' w[;bwkB j"bh-j"bh rZbK eoB
bZr gJ/. fJe B/ fejk, @fJj f;Zy ikgd/ jB.# d{i/ B/ wFeoh Bkb fejk
fe, @f;ZyK dk sK ]kB pjkdo B/ y[ok y'i jh fwNk fdZsk j?. fJj f;Zy BjhI,
pj[og
{ hJ/ j'Dr/.# fJjBK fdnK p'bK B/ pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dh
nDy ~ tzrkfonk.

d'BK f;zxK B/ ;bkj ehsh fe }eohnk yK ~ fet/I tzrkfonk ikt/.


T[jBK B/ soB skoB s'I Mpkb tZb iKdh ;Ve T[& g
Z o, soB skoB s'I fszB
e[ whb dh d{oh #s/ fgzv ;okJ/ B{o dh e'b u[r
z h Bkek bk fdZsk. T[; ;w/I
fJj o;sk r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp d/ gZsD bzx e/ bkj"o ikD tkfbnK bJh nkw
o;sk ;h. T[; ;w/I uzr
[ h eo e/tb ;oeko b? ;edh ;h. fJ; bJh w[rb
a
;oeko d/ nzdo fJe j'o f;Zy ;oeko ekfJw j' rJh. pkpk p'sk f;zx s/
roik f;zx B/ y's/ T[& s
Z / Gko b? e/ ikD tkfbnK bJh fJe g?;k ns/ rZv/
tkfbnK ~ fJe nkBk uzr
[ h bk e/ T[rokjh eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh. fco pkpk
p'sk f;zx ih B/ bkj"o d/ ;{p/ ~ fuZmh fbyh s/ fJj fuZmh f;ZXh tzrko ;h. fJ;
pko/ GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih B/ gqkuhB gzE gqekF ftu fbfynk j? L
fuZmh fbyh :'I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk ftu okj yb'sk.
nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.
nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.

fJj ]kB'—]kB pjkdo }eohnk ]K dh tZvh G?D ;h s/ T[j \?}b ]K


~ ftnkjh j'Jh ;h. fJj ;kok NZpo f;ZyK dk d[FwD ;h. fJ; bJh fJj fuZmh
}eohnk ]K ~ u'Gt/I FpdK ftu fbyh.

T[Xo id }eohnk ]K ~ ]po fwbh sK T[; B/ nkgD/ fJe \"idko


ibkb[dhB ~ fJe ;" x'V ;tko d/ e/ G/fink fe d'BK f;zxK ~ frq\sko eoe/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih (105)
fbnkT[. j[D fJe gk;/ w[rb
a K d/ ;" x'V ;tko s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;fsr[oK d/ uVQdh
ebk tkb/ f;gkjh pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih ;B. fJj \"i ~ t/y e/
BZm/ BjhI, ;r'I nkgDhnK fgZmK i'V e/ w[rb
a \"i dk nfijk Nkeok ehsk
fe T[j dzr ofj rJ/. w[rb
a f;gkjh fJjBK ~ wkoB bJh nZr/ tXd/. fJjBK
d'jK f;zxK gk; bZeV d/ nBxVs fij/ ;'N/ ;B s/ fJj T[jBk Bkb jh
d[FwDK d/ f;o GzB fdzd./ d'jK f;zxK B/ bzpk ;wK vZN e/ Nkeok ehsk s/
w[rb
a K d/ nB/eK f;gkjh wko fdZs./ nzs d[FwD dk Nkeok eod/ pkpk p'sk
f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih Fjhd j' rJ/. fJj xNBk 1739 JhH dh j?. fJjBK
;{opho :'fXnK dh :kd ftu ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp s'I Mpkb tkbh ;Ve
T[& g
Z o fgzv B{o dh fty/ FkBdko r[od[nkok ;kfjp T[;kfonk frnk j?.
fJjBK dh pjkdoh dhnK tkoK i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se rkJhnK iKdhnK
ofjDrhnK.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ GkJh roik f;zx ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh ;zpX
z h s[;hI
eh ikDd/ j' <

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb
;zpfz Xs j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJj xNBk 1739 JhH dh j?, id gzikp dk rtoBo ]kB pjkdo
}eohnk ]K ;h. T[; B/ f;ZyK T[& g
Z o pj[s }[bw ehs/, go fJj d'BI'
f;zx c/o th nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fJFBkB eoe/ rJ/ ns/ d' w[;bwkBK dk
skjBk ;[D e/ w[rb
a ;oeko bJh tzrko pD rJ/.
gqFB 2 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ uzr
[ h eo feT[I brkfJnk <
T[& s
Z o L T[jBK B/ u[r
z h eo fJ; bJh brkfJnk, feT[Ife uzr
[ h eo e/tb
;oeko jh b? ;edh ;h. T[jBK B/ w[rb
a ;oeko d/ nzdo, f;Zy
;oeko ekfJw eo fdZsh, i' Fo/n
Q kw prkts ;h.
gqFB 3 L pkpk p'sk f;zx ih B/ }eohnk ]K ~ fuZmh ftu eh fbfynk <
T[& s
Z o L pkpk ih dh fuZmh }eohnk ]K ~ tzrko ;h s/ T[BKQ fbfynk L

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(106) r[owfs frnkB
fuZmh fbyh :"I f;zx p'sk. jZE j? ;'Nk okj ftu yb'sk.
nkBk bk:k rZv/ ~ g?;k bk:k y'sk.
nky Gkph ykB' ~ :"I nky/ f;zx p'sk.
gqFB 4 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih B/ fezBh w[rb
a \"i Bkb Nkeok
ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih e/tb d'BI' ;B ns/ w[rb
a \"i ftu
fJe ;" x'V-;tko s/ fJe \"idko ibkb[dhB ;h.
gqFB 5 L pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dh :kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp
feZE/ j? <
T[& s
Z o L fJjBK ;{opho :'fXnK dh :kd ftu ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp s'I Mpkb
tkbh ;Ve T[&&Zgo fgzv B{o dh fty/ FkBdko r[od[nkok ;kfjp
T[;kfonk frnk j?. fJj soB skoB ;kfjp s'I fszB e[ whb dh d{oh
#s/ j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pkpk p'sk f;zx-roik f;zx ih (107)
nvwb kpUr isMG jI
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
f;Zy e"w ftu Btkp eg{o f;zx ih fJe ;fsekos j;sh j'J/ jB. nkg
ih B/ 1733 JhH s'I 1753 JhH se g{o/ thj ;kb e"w ~ :'r nrtkJh fdZsh.
T[Ii fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe nkg dk ;w[u
Z k ihtB jh gzEe ;/tk ftu
pshs j'fJnk.

fJ; wjkB F];hns dk iBw 1697 JhH ~, F/yg


{ o
[ k d/ fJbke/ ftu
fgzv ekb/e/ fty/, u"Xoh dbhg f;zx ih d/ xo, ftoe iZN xokD/ ftu
j'fJnk. xo ftu f;Zyh tksktoD j'D eoe/ wB T[& g
Z o seVk gqGkt fgnk.
pugB ftu jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B s/ nkgDh wksk ih gk;'I r[opkDh ezm
ehsh.

pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd f;Zy e"w ftu pzdJh ]kb;k
s/ sZs ]kb;k ftueko MrVk tZX frnk ;h. wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ fdZbh s'I GkJh
wBh f;zx ih ~ G/fink. T[jBK B/ e"w ftu g{oB J/esk eotk fdZsh. fJ;
][Fh ftu 1721 JhH ~ t?;kyh tkb/ fdB nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZm
j'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs ;zuko th j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftu
Fkwb ;B. fiE/ T[; fdB p/ns
z ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ ;H eg{o f;zx
ih th nzfwqs Se e/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/. fco nkg B/ fJbke/ d/ B"itkBK ~
nzfwqs SeD bJh g/fq onk sK fJbke/ ftu T[jBK dk uzrk ;fseko j'D bZrk.

T[Xo 1726 JhH ftu }eohnk ]K bkj"o dk ;{pd


/ ko pfDnk. T[; B/
f;ZyK T[& g
Z o pj[s ;]sh ehsh. fJ;/ ;kb GkJh skok f;zx tK dh Fjhdh j'Jh.
T[jBK dh Fjhdh B/ f;Zy irs ftu r[;
aZ / dh bfjo g?dk eo fdZsh. jo rZGo{
fJ; Fjhdh dk pdbk b?Dk ukjzd
[ k ;h. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp fty/ ;opZs
]kb;/ dk fJeZm j'fJnk. fJE/ ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ e[M ;[Mkn oZy/ fe, @;oeko

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(108) r[owfs frnkB
dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/ s/ bkj"o d/ ]}kB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk Bk
nkT[D fdZsh ikt/. ;oekoh ]}kB/ b[N
Z e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrk
x'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi; Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh
]kb;k gj[zu/.#

T[E/ ;w{j f;ZyK ~ fJ; B"itkB dh dbhb uzrh bZrh sK ;GBK B/


;fjwsh Bkb ;qH eg{o f;zx ih ~ gzE dk ioB?b pDk e/ f}zwt
/ koh ;"Ig
fdZsh. ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ f;zxK d/ iZE/ pDk e/ tZy-tZy fJbke/ tzv fdZs./
fJjBK ifEnK B/ w[rb
a ;oeko dk BZe ftu dw eo fdZsk. ;oekoh x'fVnK
d/ tgkoh s/ bkj"o d/ ]}kB/ b[N
Z e/ f;zxK bJh uzr/ x'V/ s/ izrh ;wkB fsnko
eo fbnk. fJ; ;w/I f;ZXh NZeo b?D s'I f;tk f;ZyK gk; e'Jh ukok jh BjhI
;h. T[Xo w[rb
a je{ws sK f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNkT[D #s/ s[bh j'Jh ;h.
fit/I-fit/I f;ZyK dh uVQs pDdh ikt/, fst/I-fst/I jh gzikp ftu oki eo/rk
]kb;k dhnK ntk}K r{i
z D bZrhnK.

nzs 1733 JhH ftu }eohnk ]K wip{o j' e/ fdZbh dh je{ws s'I
nkfrnk b? e/ f;Zy gzE Bkb ;[bj eoB bJh fsnko j' frnk. T[; B/ bkj"o
nk e/ GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx okjhI f;ZyK ~ fJe ikrho, fi; dh ;bkBk nkwdB
fJe bZy o[gJ/ ;h ns/ Btkp dh gdth d/D dh g/FeF ehsh. nzfwqs;o fty/
]kb;k gzE dk fJeZm j'fJnk s/ gzE B/ fJj g/FeF m[eok fdZsh. GkJh ;[pr
/
f;zx B/ fejk fe gzE d/ Gb/ bJh fJj ikrho s/ Btkph Bk m[eokU. ;ops
]kb;/ B/ ;bkj ehsh fe ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dh :'rsk eoe/ sK w[rb
a ;oeko
B/ r'v/ N/e/ jB. fJ; bJh fJ; ;fseko d/ jZedko ;qH eg{o f;zx ih jB.

;qH eg{o f;zx ih T[; ;w/I ;zrsK ftu gZyk MZbD dh ;/tk eo oj/ ;B.
GkJh ;[pr
/ f;zx Btkph dhnK t;sK b? e/ nZr/ tX/, fi; ftu o/Fw dh gZr,
fJe e?Imk, fJe ebrh, firQk, ;[Bfjoh ezrDK dk i'Vk, fJe w'shnK dh
wkbk, fJe g[Fke s/ fJe jhfonK iVh FwFho ;h. ;qH eg{o f;zx B/ fejk
fe w?I ]kb;k gzE d/ j[ew nZr/ fJBekoh th BjhI j' ;edk, go fJj ;oekoh
wkb gfjbK gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK Bkb S[jk e/ fdZsk ikJ/ sK w?I gqtkB eoKrk.
T[; ;w/I ;oekoh ohsh nB[;ko b'e Btkph dh fybs (g[Fke) b? e/ f;o #s/
oZyd/ s/ ;fseko eod/ ;B. go ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ gzi f;zxK d/ uoBK ftu
oyk e/ gqtkB ehsh.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (109)
fJ; ;w/I ]kb;k gzE B/ e[M FosK wzBtkJhnK fe ;kv/ T[& g
Z o e'Jh
;oekoh gkpzdh BjhI bZrr
/ h. ;GBK ~ r[od[nkfonK dh d/y Gkb s/ ;/tk
;zGkb dh n}kdh j'tr
/ h. }eohnk ]K B/ fJj FosK wzB bJhnK. T[; dk
f]nkb ;h fe ;oekoh XB Bkb f;ZyK ftu c[N
Z g? ikt/rh, go ;qH eg{o f;zx
ih dh :'r nrtkJh j/m f;Zy tZvh gZXo #s/ iE/pd
z j' rJ/. f;Zyh dk gquko
tZX frnk s/ B"itkB XVk XV f;zx ;iD bZr./

Btkp ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ f;Zy gzE ~ iE/pd


z eoB bJh d' FqD
/ hnK
pDk fdZshnK ;B. fJe ukbh ;kb s'I T[& g
Z o T[wo d/ f;zxK dk p[Y
Z k db s/
B"itkBK dk soBk db pDkfJnk, feT[Ife @so[B# B"itkB ~ fejk iKdk
j?. d'jK dbK d/ nkg ;KM/ ioB?b Ekg/ rJ/. j[D p[Y
Z k db r[od[nkfonK dh
d/y Gkb eodk ns/ so[Bk db :[X
Z dh fsnkoh, F;so ftZfdnk dh w[jkos
ns/ w}b{wK dh oZfynk eodk ;h. T[; ;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih f;ZyK dh
T[u j;sh ;B. nkg gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkwb j[d
z / s/ f;Zy ;wki nkg d/
iZE/ gk;'I nzfwqsgkB eoBk ;[Gkr ;wMdk ;h. fJjBK fdBK ftu jh wksk
;zd
[ oh ih B/ fJe B"itkB ;qH iZ;k f;zx ~ nkg d/ gk; G/fink, fi; ~ jo
gZyI' ;qH eg{o f;zx ih B/ fBg[B
z ehsk.

T[Xo }eohnk ]K B/ f;o\ d' ;kb jh ;wM"s/ T[& g


Z o nwb ehsk s/ ;zB
1735 ftu T[; B/ fco nkgDh skes Bkb, fdZsh j'Jh ikrho #s/ ep}k eo
fbnk. Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ fejk fe ;oeko B/ uzrk ehsk, feT[Ife ;kok
gzikp jh ;kvh ikrho j?. f;ZyK T[& g
Z o fco }[bw F[o{ j' rJ/. nB/eK f;Zy
Fjhd ehs/ rJ/. f;Zy xo pko SZv e/ izrbK ftu ub/ rJ/. fJ; w[;hps d/
;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ f;Zy e"w ~ uVQdh ebk ftu oZfynk s/ wkbt/
ftu ik e/ f;Zy ;odkoK ~ oki ekfJw eoB ftu wdd ehsh.

;zB 1739 ftu BkdoFkj fdZbh b[N


Z e/ fJokB tZb w[fVnk s/ id T[j
fFtkbe dhnK gjkVhnK d/ o;s/ s'I bzx fojk ;h sK Btkp eg{o f;zx dh
nrtkJh j/m ]kb;/ B/ T[; gk;'I ek\h XB y'j fbnk. nB/e fJ;sohnK S[vk
e/ xo' xohI gj[u
z kJhnK. }eohnk ]K dk }[bw j'o tX frnk. wZ;/ ozxV B/
jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph ehsh. T[; dk f;o tZY e/ GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx
s/ wfjskp f;zx B/ pdbk fbnk. ;zB 1746 ftu S'Nk xZbx
{ kok tkgfonk.

;w[u
Z / jkbks ~ tkuD bJh 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(110) r[owfs frnkB
;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;/ dk fJeZm j'fJnk. Btkp eg{o f;zx ih
B/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pd
z e BK db ]kb;k oZfynk s/ fJ; dh iE/dkoh
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Igh rJh. fJ; ;w/I Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/
e"w dh ;[:r
' nrtkJh ehsh.

1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm p[bk
e/ ;kohnK f}zwt
/ kohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Ig fdZshnK. nzs f;Zy
gzE d/ wjkB ioB?b Btkp eg{o f;zx ih 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o
fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/
gk; ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BKQ dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?. nkg ih dh e"wh ;/tk
~ ;dk :kd ehsk iKdk oj/rk.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ;zpX
z h s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ikDekoh fdU.
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/yg
{ o
[ d/ fJbke/ ftu fgzv ekb/e/ fty/
u"Xoh dbhg f;zx d/ xo, ftoe iZN xokD/ ftu j'fJnk. pugB ftu
jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B s/ nkgDh wksk ih gk;'I r[opkDh ezm ehsh.
gqFB 2 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nzfwqsgkB ed'I ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;zB 1721 ftu nzfwqs;o fty/ seVk gzEe fJeZm j'fJnk ns/ nzfwqs
;zuko j'fJnk. GkJh wBh f;zx ih gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkfwb ;B.
fiE/ p/ns
z ;zrsK B/ nzfwqs Sfenk T[E/ Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ th
nzfwqs Sfenk s/ ]kb;k ;i rJ/.
gqFB 3 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ 1726 JhH ftu ;opZs ]kb;/ d/ fJeZm ftu
eh ;[Mkn g/F ehs/ <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ ;[Mkn oZy/ fe, @;oeko dh nkofEe Bkekpzdh ehsh ikJ/
s/ bkj"o d/ ]ikB/ ftu pkjo'I wkfJnk Bk nkT[D fdZsh ikJ/. ;oekoh
]ikB/ b[N
Z e/ jo f;zx ~ tXhnk jfEnko s/ uzrk x'Vk fdZsk ikt/. fi;
Bkb th ;oeko tXheh eo/, T[; dh wdd bJh ]kb;k gj[u
z ./

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih (111)
gqFB 4 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ iE/pd
z h dk BK #db ]kb;k# ed'I oZfynk <
T[& s
Z o L ;wekbh jkbksK ~ d/yfdnK 29 wkou 1748 JhH ~ ;qh nekb s]s
;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk. fJ; ;w/I Btkp
eg{o f;zx ih B/ ;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pd
z e BK db ]kb;k oZfynk.
gqFB 5 L Btkp eg{o f;zx ih dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L 1753 JhH ~ nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ;B. nkg B/ gzEe fJeZm
p[bk e/ ;kohnK f}zw/tkohnK ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;"Ig
fdZshnK. nzs 7 nes{po 1753 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nkg nekb
ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dk ;;eko pkpk nNZb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk;
ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BKQ dh :kdrko pDh j'Jh j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(112) r[owfs frnkB
sR j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, nmkothI ;dh dk T[j pjkdo f;Zy
ioB?b ;h, fi; B/ ukbQh ;kb fdB oks fJe eoe/ fpyV/ ;w/I ftu f;Zy e"w
dh ;/tk ehsh. T[j fJe' fJe f;Zy ;h, fi; ~ ;w[u
Z h e"w B/ ;fseko Bkb
;[bskB-T[b-e"w fejk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'I pknd f;Zy e"w dh
;[ui
Z h nrtkJh Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ ehsh ns/ T[jBK d/ j[fz dnK jh ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ n?;h ewkB ;zGkbh fe jo e"wh \o} ~ FkBdko
sohe/ Bkb fBGkfJnk.
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"o
d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo eJh
;kbK se ;zskB BjhI ;h j'Jh sK T[jBK B/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp ik e/ nodk;
ehsh ns/ pj[s ;[y
Z Dk ;[y e/ fJj g[s
Z o fbnk ;h. iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kb
dk ;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg dh wksk ih pj[s GiB
pzdrh tkbh n"os ;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h. T[; dh GktBk
;h fe n;hI g[s
Z o ~ r[o{ xo fbikDk ;h. wK nkgD/ g[s
Z o iZ;k f;zx ~ b? e/
fdZbh ik gj[u
z h, feT[Ife T[E/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[d
z oh
ih ofjzd/ ;B. wK B/ ik e/ wksk ;[d
z oh ih ~ dZf;nk fe fJj pkb d;w
gksFkj ih dh ngko feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. pkb iZ;k f;zx B/ wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih Bkb J/Bk w'j gk fbnk fe nkg dk ;kok pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;zd
[ oh
ih gk; jh phfsnk.
id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftu
fJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk. id
fdZbh s'I nkg ~ ftdk ehsk sK wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko,
ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJe r[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (113)
eg{o f;zx ih ~ fuZmh fbyh fe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[s
Z o ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DK
ftu fBg[B
z eoBk j?.

fJfsjk;eko fbyd/ jB fe Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ iZ;k f;zx ~ Xow dk


g[s
Z o jh pDk fbnk. nkg B/ pj[s S/sh izr d/ g?IsV/ s/ F;so ftZfdnk
gqkgs eo bJh. bzpk ;wK fdZbh ofjD eoe/ fJjBK dh p'bh ftu T[od{ s/
fjzdh dk ek\h obk ;h s/ rZbK rZbK ftu jwe'-s[we' efj iKd/ ;B. f;zxK
B/ nkg dh nZb @jwe'-s[we'# gk fdZsh. fJe fdB iZ;k f;zx B/ Btkp eg{o
f;zx ~ fejk fe f;zx w?~ jwe'-s[we' efj e/ fuVkT[Id/ jB sK Btkp ih
B/ fejk fe xpok Bk, fJj s?~ fe;/ fdB gksFkj th pDk ;ed/ jB.
Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nkg gziK fgnkfonK ftu Fkwb j' e/ iZ;k f;zx ~
nzfwqs SekfJnk.

Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ iZ;k f;zx ~ S/sh jh Gzvkoh dh gdth d/ fdZsh.


x'fVnK d/ dkD/ d/ Gzvko dk ukoi T[jBK gk; nk frnk s/ fJj T[; ;w/I
wjZstg{oB gdth ;h. Btkp ;kfjp ~ iZ;k f;zx T[& g
Z o J/Bk ftFtk; ;h fe
T[j ]ikB/ dhnK ukphnK th T[; ~ fdzd/ ;B. nkg ni/ thj e[ ;kbK d/ ;B
id Bkdo Fkj dh w[Vdh \"i T[s/ jZbk p'b e/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh
nrtkJh j/mK nkg B/ eoko/ jZE ftykJ/. nkg bzpk ;wK Btkp ;kfjp d/ iE/
ftu oj/ ns/ 1745 JhH ftu nkgDk tZyok iEk pDk fbnk.

1746 JhH ftu S'N/ xZbx


{ ko/ ;w/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx ih B/ pj[s jh ;{owrsh
ftykJh. fi; ;w/I f;zx uko/ gkf;T[I jh x/o/ rJ/ ;B. T[; ;w/I nkg B/ phosk
fdyk e/ gzE ftu T[xk BK g?dk ehsk. fco 1748 JhH ~ id t?;kyh d/ fdB
nzfwqs;o ftu ;opZs ]kb;k dk fJeZm j'fJnk sK Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/
;kohnK fw;bK dk iE/pd
z e BK db ]kb;k oZfynk sK ;kohnK fw;bK dk
gqwy
Z[ ;odko iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ Ekfgnk frnk. nkg T[; ;w/I
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b d/ iE/dko th ;B. nkg B/ db ]kb;k dh wdd Bkb
gfjbK nzfwqs;o d/ jkew ;bkps ]K ns/ fco w[bskB d/ ;{pd
/ ko Fkj
fBtk} ]kB ~ esb ehsk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK dhnK gzikp Go ftu X[w
z K
g? rJhnK. T[; B/ fJe tko ebkB"o b[fZ Nnk s/ fco bkj"o th b[fZ Nnk.
nfjwd Fkj npdkbh d/ gzit/I jwb/ ;w/I f;ZXh NZeo bJh.

1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB id ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp nzfwqs;o

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(114) r[owfs frnkB
fty/ ]kb;k fJeZso j'fJnk sK \?;bk ehsk fe j[D bkj"o #s/ ep}k ehsk
ikJ/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{pd
/ ko T[pd
? ]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDk fdZsk. ibdh
ekotkJh ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ BK T[& g
Z o f;Zek th ubk
fdZsk. id fdZbh s'I Fkjh \"i tZvh frDsh ftu nk rJh sK f;zxK B/ bkj"o
SZv fdZsk.

T[Xo nfjwdFkj npdkbh f;ZyK s'I pj[s d[yh ;h. T[; B/ nkgDh
;koh skes bk e/ f;zxK ~ wb/oe'Nbk B/V/ e[gojhV fty/ x/o e/ wkoB dk
e'Mk :sB ehsk. fJ; xNBk ~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk frnk i' 1762 JhH ftu
tkgfonk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bV/. nkg d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o d'
doiB d/ eohp cZN bZr,/ go j";bk BjhI jkfonk. Gkt/I shj j}ko f;zx
fJ; xZbx
{ ko/ ftu Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B, go ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh
nrtkJh B/ e"w ftu Yfjzdh ebk BjhI nkT[D fdZsh.

14 iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m ;kohnK fw;bK
B/ fwb e/ ;ojzd #s/ jwbk ehsk ns/ Btkp }?B ]K ~ wko w[ekfJnk.
;ojzd T[go ]kb;/ dk fco ep}k j' frnk. S'N/ ;kfjp}kfdnK dh Fjhdh
tkb/ ;EkB #s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp r[od[nkok pDkfJnk frnk. T[Xo nfjwd
Fkj npdkbh B/ 1762 JhH ftu ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh gftZso fJwkos
Ykj fdZsh ;h. nes{po 1764 JhH ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ fco
fsnko eotkJh. ;zB 1777 ftu ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk B/ eg{oEbk #s/ jwbk
ehsk. fJE'I d/ j[ewokB okJ/ fJpokjhw GZNh ~ jko d/ e/ eg{oEbk ~
nkgDh okiXkBh pDk fbnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ f;ZX eo fdZsk fe fdqVQ ftFtk; ns/


Xow s/ e"w Bkb r{jVk fgnko jo }[bw d/ tfjD ~ mZb gk fdzdk j?. fJj
]kb;k gzE dk wjkB ioB?b, gzE dk t\kdko f;gkjh 20 nes{po 1783
JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo frnk. nkg dh nzfsw ykjF
nB[;ko nkg dk ;;eko Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ;EkB bkr/ pkpk nNZb
okfJ d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk, fiZE/ T[BKQ dh ;wkX pDh j'Jh j?. f;Zy e"w
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ goT[gekoK s/ nmkothI ;dh ftu fdZsh
;[:r
' nrtkJh ~ ;dk :kd oZyr
/ h.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (115)
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk ihtB fJfsjk; fby'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk d/ iBw s/ gfotko pko/ dZ;.'
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk iBw 3 wJh 1718 JhH ~ f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/
;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. nkg dh wksk GiB pzdrh tkbh n"os
;h ns/ o; fGzBk ehosB eo b?Idh ;h.
gqFB 2 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh wksk pugB ftu T[jBK ~ fezBKQ
gk; b? e/ rJh <
T[& s
Z o L ;qH iZ;k f;zx ni/ gzi e[ ;kbK d/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekb
ubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wK nkgD/ g[s
Z o ~ fdZbh fty/ d;w
gksFkj ih d/ wfjb wksk ;[d
z oh ih gk; b? e/ rJh. T[jBK ~ dZf;nk
fe fJj pkb d;w gksFkj ih dh feogk Bkb j'fJnk j?. fco nkg
dk pugB fdZbh fty/ wksk ;[d
z oh ih gk; jh phfsnk.
gqFB 3 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx
gk; ed'I G/fink <
T[& s
Z o L id iZ;k f;zx itkB j'fJnk sK wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ 1735 JhH ftu
fJjBK ~ ]kb;k gzE dh ;/tk bJh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/i fdZsk.
wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/ fJe Ykb, sbtko, ewkB, shoK dk GZEk, fJe
r[oi s/ ;[Bfjoh g[Fke fdZsh. Bkb jh Btkp eg{o f;zx ~ fuZmh fbyh
fe fJ; ~ ;kvk ;g[s
Z o ikD e/ ;G ]kb;Jh r[DK ftu fBg[B
z eoBk
j?.
gqFB 4 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ f;Zy gzE dh eh wjkB ;/tk ehsh <
T[& s
Z o L nkg B/ 1746 JhH ftu S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I d[FwD Bkb vN e/ Nkeok
ehsk. nkg fiE/ nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b d/ iE/dko ;B T[E/ ;kohnK
fw;bK d/ gqwy
Z[ ;odko ti'I th ;/tk fBGkJh. nkg B/ fJe tko bkj"o
#s/ ep}k eo e/ f;Zek th ubkfJnk. 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I
fiE/ npdkbh Bkb NZeo bJh T[E/ gzE dh :'r nrtkJh ehsh. nkg

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(116) r[owfs frnkB
B/ ;ojzd T[& g
Z o fJe tko fco ep}k ehsk. 1764 JhH ftu ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp dh fJwkos dh w[V fsnkoh eotkJh, feT[Ife 1762
JhH ftu fJ; gftZso fJwkos ~ npdkbh B/ Ykj fdZsk ;h. nkg B/
f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ gk;ko ftu tZvk :'rdkB gkfJnk.
gqFB 5 L ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dk nekb ubkDk ed'I s/ feZE/
j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L nkg dk nekb ubkDk 20 nes{po 1783 JhH ~ nzfwqs;o fty/
j'fJnk. nkg dh nzsw ykjF nB[;ko nkg dk ;;eko Btkp eg{o
f;zx ih d/ ;EkB bkr/ pkpk nNZb okfJ d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk,
fiZE/ T[BKQ dh ;wkX pDh j'Jh j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk (117)
AkwlI PUlw isMG jI
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; L
f;Zy oki d/ ;w/I fijV/ wjkB ftneshnK B/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb e"wh ;/tk
ftu fjZ;k gkfJnk, T[jBK ftu'I nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk BK ftF/F s"o #s/
toDB:'r j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK,
jfonkDk d/ fJbkek pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk.
;qH JhFo f;zx fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.
nekbh c{bk f;zx d/ iBw ;w/I nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ gzikp T[& g
Z o jwb/
j' oj/ ;B. fJjBK d/ fgsk 1762 JhH ftu tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I bVfdnK ;]s
cZNV j' rJ/ s/ e[M fuo pknd xo ik e/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK B/
nkgD/ ubkD/ s'I gfjbK c{bk f;zx dh pKj nkgD/ fwZso pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~
cVkJh ns/ fejk fe w/o/ g[s
Z o ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bk d/JhI. pkpk B?Dk f;zx nkg
fw;b FjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B s/ fBjzr f;zxK d/ p[Y
Z / db d/ iE/dko ;B.

c{bk f;zx B/ fgsk ih d/ ubkD/ s'I pknd nkgDh wksk s/ pkpk B?Dk
f;zx ih d/ T[dw Bkb r[opkDh gVQh s/ ezm ehsh. fJ; d/ Bkb F;so
ftZfdnk gqkgs ehsh. x'V-;tkoh s/ B/}kpk}h dk fJjBK ~ pj[s F"e ;h.
nfijhnK o[uhnK eoe/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ :[X
Z ebk ftu pj[s S/sh
w[jkos jk;b eo bJh. nekb dk GkDk tkgfonk fe fJjBK d/ wksk ih
dh th w"s j' rJh. nkg fJeZb/ jh ofj rJ/. fco nkg nekbh pkDk gk e/
FjhdK dh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. nkg B/ iE/ gk;'I nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs
eoe/ ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp jh iE/ d/ Bkb ofjDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. pkpk B?Dk
f;zx d/ nekb ubkD/ s'I pknd nekbh c{bk f;zx ih iE/ d/ nkr{ pD rJ/.

1800 JhH ftu nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/Ido
pDkfJnk. T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsK
tZbI' F[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(118) r[owfs frnkB
eko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpX
z s/ wo:kdk T[& g
Z o g{oh fBrkj
oZyd/ ;B.

1802 JhH ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nzfwqs;o ~ ]kb;k oki ftu
Fkwb eoB bJh nzfwqs;o T[&&Zgo uVQkJh ehsh. fJE/ eJh fBZe/-fBZe/
;odko ekp} ;B i' GzrhnK dh fw;b ftu'I ;B. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/
ftu g? e/ ;[bj ;ckJh eotk fdZsh, feT[Ife f;ZyK jZEI' f;ZyK dk jh bj{
v[b
Z D
Q k ;h. Gzrh ;odkoK ~ ikrho fwb rJh ns/ nzfwqs;o wjkoki/ d/
gqpX
z j/m nk frnk. fJj \?;bk eotkT[D Bkb gzE ftu nekbh c{bk f;zx
ih dk ;fseko pj[s tX frnk. wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk nekbh c{bk
f;zx ih Bkb r{jVk fgnko g? frnk s/ T[j jo w[fjzw ftu fJjBK dh
;bkj s/ ;jkfJsk b?D bZr gJ/.

1807 JhH ~ wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ e;{o T[& g


Z o uVQkJh ehsh s/
e;{o dk jkew w[ekpb/ bJh vN frnk. wjkokik B/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih
s'I wdd wzrh s/ T[jBK B/ izr ftu n?;/ i"jo fdykJ/ fe ;ko/ ioB?b nF
nF eo T[m./ fJ; s'I pknd nekbh c{bk f;zx ih e[M ;w/I bJh dwdwk
;kfjp s/ fco nBzdg[o ;kfjp ub/ rJ/. T[gozs nkg B/ nB/eK jh tZvhnK
w[fjzwK ftu fjZ;k fbnk. w[bskB dh nzsw bVkJh i' 1818 JhH ~ j'Jh, T[;
ftu w[bskB dk gqf;ZX febQk \sfj eoB dk f;jok nekbh c{bk f;zx ih
~ iKdk j?. w[bskB dh \sfj s'I fgZSI' wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nekbh ih
~ ]kb;k oki dk okyk nky e/ ;BwkfBnK ;h. Gkt/I ;koh ]kb;k \"i db/o
s/ izr dh wkjo ;h, go nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ iE/ dk j";bk s/ f;ZXh NZeo
b?D dh Fesh dk e'Jh w[ekpbk BjhI ;h.

1818 JhH ftu jh wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ fgFkto T[& g


Z o Xktk
p'fbnk. f;Zy \"iK d/ fto[X
Z gmkDK B/ ijkd dk Bkjok bk e/ w[;bwkB Bkb
i'V bJ/. wjkoki/ B/ nekbh ih s'I ;jkfJsk wzrh. fJjBK dhnK s/rK w{jo/
gmkD BZ; rJ/ ns/ fgFkto T[s/ ]kb;k \"i dk ep}k j' frnk.

1819 JhH ftu eFwho dh fiZs ;w/I wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ bkj"o
ftu dhgwkbk ehsh ns/ nekbh ih ~ @wjKpbh# dh T[gkXh fdZsh. fJ;/ soQK
id ]po fwbh fe ekpb d/ pkdFkj w[jw
z d n}hw ]K B/ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB
ftu tZvh \"i b? e/ nKdh j?. ;qH F/o f;zx s/ joh f;zx Bb{J/ B/ jwbk eo

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (119)
fdZsk. fJ; ;w/I wjkokik s/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ nNe dfonk dh gqtkj
Bk ehsh s/ izr ftu gjzu
[ rJ/. S'Nh fijh MVg fgZSI' t?oh B"Ffjo/ gjzu
[
frnk.

14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ fco B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ fJe
gmkD B/ fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nekbh ih dk
;;eko B"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh.

nekbh c{bk f;zx ih fJe fBvo nkr{ ;B. T[j Xkofwe wo:kdk d/
pj[s gkpzd ;B. nkg B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp d/ iE/dko dh j?;hns ftu
wjkokik oDihs f;zx ~ e'oV/ wkoB dh ;}k ;[DkJh ;h, Gkt/I pknd ftu
;zrs dh p/Bsh #s/ w[nk\ eo fdZsh rJh ;h. nekbh ih dk r[of;Zyh Bkb
pj[s fgnko ;h. nkg ih B/ nzfwqs t/b/ d/ fBsB/w dh wo:kdk ~ nzsw
;tk;K se fBGkfJnk. nekbh ih fe;/ th w[fjzw #s/ iKd/ sK nekb g[oy
nZr/ nodk; eod/ ns/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I j[ewBkwk b? e/ jh otkBk
jzd
[ ./ fJ; wjkB :'X/ dh :kd ftu n}kdh s'I pknd ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJe
pj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonk frnk i' T[jBK dh F];hns d/ nB/e gZyK ~
ikBD bJh g/o
q dk j?. nekbh c{bk f;zx ih torhnK wjkB F];hnsK
]kb;k gzE dh FkB jB. nekbh ih rqfj;Eh BjhI ;B. go T[BKQ d/ S'N/
GkJh ;zs f;zx dh nzF pz; soB skoB ;kfjp tZ;dh j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; T[& g
Z o ukBDk gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih d/ iBw s/ gfotko ;zpX
z h ikDekoh fdU.
T[& s
Z o L nkg ih dk iBw fJe fBZe/ fij/ fgzv FhjK, jfonkDk d/ fJbkek
pKro fty/ ;qH JhFo f;zx d/ xo 1761 JhH ~ j'fJnk. ;qH JhFo f;zx
ih fBFkBk tkbh fw;b ftu Fkwb j' e/ eJh izrK ftu bV/.
gqFB 2 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh gkbDk g';Dk fet/I j'Jh <
T[& s
Z o L nekbh ih pj[s S'N/ ;B id fJjBK d/ fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo
rJ/. ubkD/ s'I gfjbK nkgD/ g[s
Z o dh pKj pkpk B?Dk f;zx ~ cVkJh
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(120) r[owfs frnkB
s/ fejk fe w/o/ g[s
Z o ~ gzEe ;/tk ftu bkJhA. pkpk B?Dk f;zx fw;b
FjhdK ftu Fkwb ;B. nekbh ih dh gkbDk g';Dk nkg dh wksk
s/ pkpk B?Dk f;zx dh ;[ui
Z h gqo
/ Bk j/m j'Jh.
gqFB 3 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk
e/Ido pDk e/ eh ;[Xko ehsk <
T[&s
Z o L nekbh ih B/ 1800 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ~ nkgDk e/Ido pDkfJnk.
T[jBK B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ j'o r[od[nkfonK ftu'I wjzsK tZbI'
F[o{ ehsh pqkjwDh wo:kdk dk ;ckfJnk ehsk ns/ nzfwqs ;o'to dh
eko ;/tk eotkJh. nkg r[oXkwK d/ gqpX
z s/ wo:kdk T[& g
Z o g{oh
fBrkj oZyd/ ;B.
gqFB 4 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih ~ wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih B/ eh-eh T[gkXh
fdZsh <
T[& s
Z o L w[bskB dh nzsw bVkJh 1818 JhH ~ j'Jh. T[; ftu w[bskB dk
gqf;ZX febQk \sfj eoB dk f;jok nekbh ih ~ iKdk j?. w[bskB
dh \sfj s'I fgZSI' wjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ ]kb;k oki dk okyk nky
e/ ;BwkfBnk ;h. fJ;/ soQK 1819 ftu eFwho dh fiZs s'I pknd
wjkokik B/ nekbh ih ~ wjKpbh dh T[gkXh fdZsh.
gqFB 5 L nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh ed'I j'Jh ns/ T[jBK dh :kdrko
feE/ j? <
T[& s
Z o L 14 wkou 1823 JhH ~ B"Ffjo/ d/ w?dkB ftu ipod;s izr j'Jh.
fJ; izr ftu jkEh #s/ ;tko j' e/ bVd/ nekbh ih ~ fJe gmkD B/
fSg e/ d' r'bhnK wkohnK sK nkg Fjhd j' rJ/. nkg dk ;;eko
B"Ffjo/ ehsk frnk s/ T[; EK ;wkX T[;koh rJh. n}kdh s'I pknd
fJjBK dh :kd ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ fJe pj[ wz}bk p[oi T[;kfonk
frnk.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nekbh c{bk f;zx ih (121)
BweI su`Kw isMG qy
BweI mihqwb isMG jI
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh pjkdoh L
1739 JhH ftu BkdoFkj B/ fdZbh b[N
Z h ns/ id T[j tkg; fJokB ~
w[fVnk sK f;Zy :'fXnK B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m T[; dk ek\h
XB y'j fbnk. B"itkB ;zd
[ ohnK S[vk e/ xo' xohI gj[u
z kJhnK. bkj"o gj[u
z
e/ BkdoFkj B/ gzikp d/ rtoBo }eohnk ]K ~ f;ZyK T[& g
Z o ;]sh eoB
dk j[ew fdZsk.

fJ; s'I pknd }eohnk ]K B/ f;ZyK fto[X


Z seVh ;]s w[fjzw ubkT[D
dk fJokdk Xko fbnk. f;ZyK ~ geVB s/ wkoB bJh fJBkw oZy/ rJ/. i'
nkdwh fe;/ f;Zy dh frq\skoh bJh ;{j d/t/ T[; ~ 10 o[gJ/ ns/ f;Zy dk
f;o fbnkT[D tkb/ ~ 50 o[gJ/ fJBkw d/D dk bkbu fdZsk frnk. T[; ;w/I
fJj pj[s jh tZvh oew ;h. T[; B/ ;G u"Xoh s/ je{wsh nwbk f;ZyK dh
spkjh eoB tZb bk fdZsk. fJ; ;w/I fJBkw s/ u"Xo d/ G[fZ ynK B/ w[rb
a
;oeko dk g{ok ;fj:'r fdZsk.

u"XohnK ftu'I wzfvnkbh fgzv dk wZ;k ozxV ;G s'I tX e/ }[bw eoB


dh G{fwek fBGk fojk ;h. T[j nzfwqs;o dk e'stkb fB:[es ehsk frnk.
T[; B/ }eohnk ]K dh Ffj T[s/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o T[& g
Z o ep}k
eo fbnk. T[; B/ goeowk ftu x'V/ pzBQ bJ/ ns/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ~
Bku xo pDk fbnk. fiE/ wjkoki dk gqekF jzd
[ k ;h T[E/ gbzx vkj e/
p?mdk ns/ szpke{ s/ Fokp ghIdk. T[E/ jh t/;tk dk Bku j'D bZfrnk.
f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe id nkdwh dh w"s B/V/ nk ikJ/ sK wZs wkoh
iKdh j?.

T[Xo je{ws dh nZs ;]sh eoe/ ;w/I dh Bp} ~ gSkDd/ j'J/ pj[s/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(122) r[owfs frnkB
f;zx izrbK, phnkpkBK iK phekB/o tZb ub/ rJ/. u"XohnK B/ ;{pk bkj"o
~ ][Fh dhnK ]poK G/ihnK fe gzikp ftu f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk frnk
j?. ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph Bk ;jkodk j'fJnk fgzv ezr d/
ofjD tkbk fJe f;Zy p[bkek f;zx fJj ]po g[ukT[D bJh f;zxK gk;
phekB/o gj[u
z frnk. T[; B/ Gkte j' e/ nZyK #u'I nZEo{ e/ofdnK gzikp dk
jkb dZf;nk fe wZ;k ozxV ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph eo fojk j?
s/ s[;hI pj[s d{o nk rJ/ j'. i/ eo n;hI nkgD/ gftZso ;EkB d{finK r'uo/
SZvKr/ sK okyh e"D eo/rk < T[j tkosk ;[DkT[Idk GZp
[ K wko e/ o' fgnk.
;koh tkosk ;[D e/ db d/ iE/dko p[Y
Z k f;zx B/ fwnkB #u'I s/ra eZYh
s/ ;ko/ f;zxK ~ ;zpX
' B j' e/ efjD bZrk, ]kb;k ih ! nZi wZ;k ozxV B/ gzE
dh nDy ~ tzrkfonk J/. j? e'Jh ;{owk i' ;h; sbh #s/ Xo e/ s[o,/ iK sK
T[; gkgh dk BkF eo d/t/ iK ;fsr[oK d/ dopko dh gftZsosk bJh Fjhd
j' ikt/.
iE/dko dh tzrko ;[D e/ f;zxK d/ v"b/ coe/. ;G s'I gfjbK ;qH wfjskp
f;zx Gzr{ whoKe'Nhnk s/ GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx wkVh ezpe
' h tkbk T[m yV/ j'J./
T[jBK B/ ;fs ;qh nekb dk i?ekok rik e/ fwnkB ftu'I s/rKa eZYhnK s/ pho
o; ftu p'b/ fe, iE/dko ih ! n;hI wZ;/ gkgh dk f;o ;zrsK d/ uoBK #u
fbnk XoKr/ s/ iK fco Fjhd j' iktKr/. nkU, ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK #u nodk;
eohJ/.
]kb;/ B/ uVQdh ebk d/ i?eko/ SZv./ nodk;k ;'X e/, nekb dh UN
b? e/ d'tI/ i'X/ x'fVnK #s/ ;tko j' e/ nzfwqs;o ~ otkBk j'J./ gzikp bkr/
gj[u
z e/ T[jBK B/ e[M G/; pdb fbnk. nzfwqs;o d/ B/V/ gj[u
z e/ T[jBK d'
p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK Go e/ nZr/ ekmhnK T[& g
Z o oZy bJhnK. t/yD tkb/
~ ikgdk ;h fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko }whB dk wkwbk skoB bJh uZb/ jB.
fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id fJj f;zx ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp
ih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J./ nkgD/ x'V/ fJjBK f;zxK B/ doFBh fvT[Vh
d/ pkjo bkuh p/oh* Bkb pzBQ fdZs/ s/ mheohnK tkbhnK p'ohnK b? e/ ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp nzdo ub/ rJ/. gfjo/dkoK B/ th wkwbk skoB tkb/ ;wM
e/ o'e Bk brkJh.
nZr/ wZ;k ozxV BF/ #u r[N
Z j' e/ j[e
Z k gh fojk ;h. t/;tk dk Bku j'

* ies byrI dy Coty-Coty lwcIAW vrgy byr hox krky ies ƒ lwcI byr ikhw jWdw hY[
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (123)
fojk ;h. fJj p/ndph d/y e/ f;zxK dk ]{B T[pkb/ yk T[fmnk. T[BKQ B/
p'ohnK wZ;/ d/ nZr/ ik oZyhnK. id gbzx #s/ p?mk wZ;k ozxV wkwb/ tkbh
p'oh tZb M[fenk sK GkJh wfjskp f;zx B/ sbtko dk n?;k tko ehsk fe fJe'
NZe Bkb wZ;/ ozxV dh X"D bkj fdZsh. T[; d/ ;kEh xpok e/ fJXo T[Xo
GZi T[m./ d'BI' f;zx gfjo/dkoK d/ ;zGbD s'I gfjbK jh wZ;/ dk f;o b? e/
x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/. bzpk ;\o sfj eoe/ d'jK :'fXnK B/ phekB/o
gj[u
z e/ wZ;/ dk f;o iE/dko d/ nZr/ ik oZfynk. \sfj d/ i?eko/ r{i
z / s/
;{ofwnK B/ ;kps eo fdZsk fe nDyhbhnK e"wK nkgD/ gftZso r[oXkwK dh
p/ndph BjhI ;fjD eo ;edhnK.

T[Xo wZ;/ dh w"s dk jkb ikD e/ bkj"o dk ;{pk }eohnk ]K nkg/ s'I
pkjo j' frnk. T[; B/ nzfwqs;o d/ fJod frod ;ko/ jh u"XohnK ~ j[ew
ukfVQnk fe wZ;/ d/ eksb ibdh cVQ/ ikD. izfvnkb/ d/ jfoGrs fBoziBhJ/
B/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx d/ BK dh u[rbh ehsh. fJj ;[D e/ B{odhB dh ewkB
j/m w[rb
a f;gkjhnK B/ fgzv whoKe'N ~ x/ok gk fbnk. GkJh wfjskp f;zx
sK phekB/o tZb jh ubk frnk ;h. T[jBK dk g[s
Z o okfJ f;zx i' ;Zs e[ ;kb
dk ;h, T[; dh pKj nkg B/ fgzv d/ g?Iu BZE/ yfjo/ ~ cVkJh ;h. B{odhB
B/ fJj pZuk T[; d/ jtkb/ eoB bJh fejk, go BZEk yfjok s/ T[; d/
;kEhnK B/ pZu/ dh oZfynk bJh :ZX
Z[ ehsk. BZEk s/ T[; d/ ;kEh wko/ rJ/ s/
pZuk okfJ f;zx th ;]s cNV j' frnk. pZu/ ~ wfonk ;wM e/ f;gkjh ub/
rJ/. T[j fJe ezp' fJ;soh B/ gkfbnk. fco tZvk j'fJnk ftnkfjnk frnk
s/ T[; dk g[s
Z o GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ j'fJnk i' f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/ye
j'fJnk.

fJXo gzikp ftu d'BK :'fXnK dh EK-EK uouk j' ojh ;h s/ w[rb
a
;oeko bJh pj[s tZvh tzrko ;h. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih
nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbD bJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ B/ w[rb
a K gk; ik u[rb
a h
ehsh s/ T[j cVQ/ rJ/. bkj"o ftu T[jBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukfVQnk frnk s/ nZs
d/ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih B/ eJh
;kb pjkdoh tkb/ ekoBkw/ ehs/. T[; B/ nB/eK gzE fto'Xh w[ypoK ~
;'fXnk. nzs okth ezY/ 1752 JhH ftu d[FwD Bkb fJe w[m
Z G/V d"okB nkg
B/ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(124) r[owfs frnkB
fJjBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; jo :[r
Z ftu }kbw bJh bbeko j? s/
fJjBK dhnK tkoK i[rK i[rKsoK se rkJhnK iKdhnK ofjDrhnK.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh pjkdoh dk fJfsjk;
nkgD/ FpdK ftu fpnkB eo'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L wZ;k ozx
z V e"D ;h <
T[& s
Z o L fJj wzfvnkbh fgzv dk u"Xoh ;h, fi; ~ }eohnk ]K B/ nzfwqs;o
dk e'stkb fB:[es ehsk. nmkothI ;dh d/ u"E/ djke/ ftu f;ZyK
T[& g
Z o ;]sh dk d"o ;h. fJj ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp ftu gbzx vkj e/
p?fmnk ns/ j[e
Z k s/ Fokp ghIdk fojk. t/;tk dk Bku j'fJnk s/ fJ;
B/ jzeko ftu p/ndph ehsh.
gqFB 2 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ wfjskp f;zx e"D ;B ns/ T[j ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp fty/ fet/I gj[u
z / <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih wkVh ezpe
' h ns/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih Gzr{
whoKe'N d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B. T[j }[bw d/ d"o ftu phekB/o s'I gzikp
tZb nkJ/. T[jBK B/ G/; pdb e/ d' p'ohnK mheohnK dhnK x'fVnK
dhnK ekmhnK nZr/ oZy bJhnK ns/ ikgd/ ;B fe w[;bwkB Bzpodko
}whB dk wkwbk skoB nkJ/ jB.
gqFB 3 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/I
pdbk fbnk <
T[&s
Z o L fJj xNBk nr;s 1740 JhH dh j? id d'BI' f;zx ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp ih dh goeowk ftu dkyb j'J./ nkgD/ x'V/ doFBh fvT[Vh
d/ pkjo bkuh p/oh Bkb pzBQ fdZs./ mheohnK dhnK p'ohnK wZ;/ ozxV
gk; b? rJ/. id T[j gbzx #s/ p?mk wkwb/ tkbh p'oh tZb M[fenk sK
GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ s/r d/ fJe' NZe Bkb wZ;/ dh X"D bkj fdZsh.
fco T[; dk f;o b? e/ x'fVnK #s/ uVQ e/ jtk j' rJ/.
gqFB 4 L GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dh Fjhdh fet/I j'Jh <

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih (125)
T[& s
Z o L d'BI' f;zx wZ;k ozxV dk f;o b? e/ sK phekB/o ;[ofZ yns ub/ rJ/
;B. ;zB 1745 ftu GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih nkgD/ gfotko ~ fwbD
bJh fgzv nk rJ/. fe;/ d'yh B/ u[rb
a h eoe/ fJBQK ~ geVk fdZsk.
bkj"o ftu w[rb
a K B/ fJjBK ~ uoyVh T[s/ ukVQ e/ ns/ nZs d/ s;hj/
d/ e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk. fJjBK s'I pknd GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx ih B/ pj[s
pjkdoh Go/ ekoBkw/ ehs/ ns/ 1752 JhH ~ fJe tko w[rb
a K dh w[m
Z G/V
ftu Fjhd j' rJ/.
gqFB 5 L f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ b/ye GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih Bkb GkJh wfjskp
f;zx ih dk eh foFsk ;h <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk ;g[s
Z o GkJh okfJ f;zx fJe w[m
Z G/V ftu
cZNV j' e/ th pu frnk ;h. T[; dh gkbDk g';Dk fJe ezp' fJ;soh
B/ ehsh. id T[j ftnkfjnk frnk sK T[; d/ xo osB f;zx Gzr{ ih
dk iBw j'fJnk. fJj f;Zy fJfsjk; dk wjkB b/ye j'fJnk, fi;
B/ @gqkuhB gzE gqekF# fbfynk. fJ; ftu r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'I b? e/
f;Zy fw;bK dh j'Id se fJfsjk; j?. foFs/ ftu GkJh osB f;zx Gzr,{
GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih dk g'sok ;h.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(126) r[owfs frnkB
Cotw G`lUGwrw
S'Nk xZbx
{ kok (1746 JhH) L
;zB 1726 s'I 1745 se bkj"o dk ;{pd
/ ko }eohnk ]K fojk. fJ; B/
f;zxK T[& g
Z o pj[s }[bw ehs/. fJ; d/ gk; bygs okJ/ s/ i;gs okJ/ d' Gok
ebkB"o d/ yZsoh t\kdko B"eo ;B. }eohnk ]K B/ bygs okJ/ ~ nkgDk
t}ho pDk fbnk ns/ i;gs okJ/ ~ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko pDk fdZsk ;h.
}eohnk ]K dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o :jhnk ]K bkj"o dk ;{pd
/ ko
pD frnk. T[; B/ th bygs s/ i;gs gk; T[j' gdthnK ofjD fdZshnK.
:jhnk ]K th nkgD/ fgT[ tKr f;ZyK dk d[FwD jh fojk ns/ f;Zy th fJ;
~ t?oh jh ;wMd/ ;B.

fJj xNBk iBtoh 1746 JhH dh j?, id fJe fdB f;zxK dk fJe N'bk
w[rb
a f;gkjhnK d/ G/; ftu bkj"o w'oh dotk}/ okjhI ik dkyb j'fJnk.
T[jBK B/ bkj"o ~ uzrh soQK b[fZ Nnk. T[j uzrk wkb b[N
Z e/ Fkjh \"i d/ T[mD
s'I gfjbK jh okth ezY/ izrb ftu ik tV/. fJj ]po ;[D e/ :jhnk ]K nZr
pp{bk j' T[fmnk. T[; B/ nkgD/ dhtkB bygs okJ/ ~ j[ew ehsk fe w/o/
fJbke/ ftu'I f;zxK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdZsk ikt/. bygs okJ/ \"i b? e/ f;zxK
d/ fgZS/ bZr frnk, go f;zx okth dk ezYk SZv e/ n?wBkpkd ~ ub/ rJ/.

fi; ;w/I f;zxK B/ bkj"o tZb n?wBkpkd dk o[] ehsk sK i;gs okJ/
n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. fe;/ B/ fJ; gk; fFekfJs ehsh fe d' j}ko
x'V-;tko f;zx ;kv/ fJbke/ ~ nk gJ/ jB. fJj ;[D e/ i;gs okJ/ B/ f;zxK
~ j[ew G/fink fe fJE'I fBeb ikU, BjhI sK w?I p[oh eoKrk. nZrI' f;zxK
B/ Bowh Bkb ;[Bj
/ k G/fink fe n;hI fJe oks eZN e/ ub/ ikDk j? ns/ s[jkv/
fJbke/ ftu fe;/ fe;w dh tXheh BjhI ehsh ikt/rh. i;gs okJ/ f;zxK
Bkb J/Bk fbjk} eoB tk;s/ th fsnko Bk j'fJnk. T[j r[;
aZ / ftu e[M \"i
b? e/ ns/ e[M wKrthI XkV d/ Bkb, jkEh T[& g
Z o ;tko j' e/ frnk. f;zxK ~
uko u[cf/ oT[I x/ok gk e/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. g{oh m[e e/ bVkJh j'Jh. i;gs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (127)
okJ/ jkEh T[& g
Z o p?mk jZb/ eotk fojk ;h. ubd/ :ZX
[ ftu GkJh fBpkj{ f;zx
ozxo/Nk, i;gs d/ jkEh dh g{S cVQ e/ T[& g
Z o uVQ frnk s/ T[; B/ i;gs
okJ/ dk f;o tZY fbnKdk. fJ; d/ f;o tZYD dh d/o ;h fe w[rb
a \"i s/
wKrthI XkV ;G fsZso fpso j' rJh. T[; d/ f;gkjhnK ~ i;gs dh b'E
th Bk u[e
Z D fdZsh. f;zxK B/ \sfj d/ Mzv/ rZv fdZs./ fco i;gs d/ r[o{
pkpk feogk okw B/ gzi ;" o[gJ/ f;zxK ~ G/Nk eoe/ T[; dk tZfYnk f;o
tkg; fbnk. fJj xNBk cotoh-wkou 1746 JhH dh j?. fco f;zxK B/
n?wBkpkd ~ fdb y'bQ e/ b[fZ Nnk ns/ okth ezY/ MZb ftu ik gj[u
z ./

id'I i;gs d/ woB dh ]po bkj"o gj[u


z h sK T[; dk Gok bygs
okJ/ s/ :jhnk ]K nZr Gp{ek j' T[m./ bygs B/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK ftu f;ZyK
dh frq\skoh dk j[ew eo fdZsk. ]kb;k db d/ fgZS/ seVh \"i G/ih rJh.
p/ns
z p/rB
[ kj f;zx, f;zxDhnK s/ pZu/ geV e/ bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/ ns/ esb
eo fdZs./ f;ZyK d/ eJh jwdod b'eK B/ bygs ~ p/Bsh ehsh fe p/rB
[ kj
f;ZyK dk ]{B Bk ehsk ikt/, go T[; B/ fe;/ dh rZb Bk wzBh. bygs B/ fejk
fe w?I f;ZyK dk y[ok y'i fwNk fdnKrk. fJ; s'I gfjbK izrh f;Zy jh je{ws
d/ pkrh ;wM/ iKd/ ;B, go nwB FKsh Bkb xoK ftu ofjD tkfbnK ~
e[M th BjhI fejk iKdk ;h. j[D bygs B/ sK fJe tkfYT[I jh sbtko Xo
bJh ;h. T[; B/ fJj th Yzvo
' k fgNtkfJnk fe rzE
q ;kfjp ~ g'Eh fejk ikt/
ns/ r[V ~ o'Vh iK G/bh ej', feT[Ife r[V efjD Bkb f;ZyK d/ r[o{ dk G[by
/ k
g?Idk j?. e'Jh tkfjr[o{ Fpd th w[yI' Bk ej/ ns/ j[ew nd{bh eoB tkb/
~ w"s dh ;}k fdZsh ikt/rh.

T[Xo i;gs ~ esb eoe/ ns/ n?wBkpkd b[N


Z e/ f;Zy okth ezY/ MZb
ftu ik gj[u
z / ;B. fJj MZb s/ izrb jh T[; ;w/I f;zxK d/ tZv/ febQ/ ;B.
f;zxK d/ db ftu T[; ;w/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH B"X f;zx
F[eouZehnk, ;qH ;[y
Z k f;zx wkVh ezp' ns/ ;qH r[ofdnkb f;zx vZbt
/ kbhnk
d/ iZE/ ;B.
bygs s/ :jhnk ]K seVh \"i b? e/ f;zxK dk fgZSk eoB bJh uVQ./
f;zx MZbK ftu fSg p?m/ ;B. id f;zxK ~ ]po fwbh sK T[jBK B/
ekj~tkB, p;"bh, gV'b s/ em{J/ tZb o[] ehsk. bygs B/ gjkV d/
u"XohnK s/ BzpodkoK ~ j[ew ikoh ehsk fe T[j f;zxK ~ o'eD s/ fe;/ o;s/
bzxD Bk d/D. bygs gk; x'V-;tko, g?db \"i s/ Gkoh s'g]kBk ;h,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(128) r[owfs frnkB
go fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ f;zxK gk; e[M th BjhI ;h, e/tb f;Zyh f;de s/ e"wh
i}pk ;h.

f;zxK B/ ekj~tkB d/ ;oezvd


/ ko SzpK ftu ik gBkj bJh. fJj
;zxDk izrb ;h s/ ;kr gZso yk e/ f;zxK B/ r[}kok ehsk. w[rb
a \"i B/
izrb eZN e/ nZrK bk e/ th o;sk pDkfJnk. bygs dk fJokdk ;h fe
]kb;k db ~ x/o e/ wkfonk ikt/. ]kb;/ bJh fpgsk dk ;wK ;h. fJe
sK frDsh E'Vh s/ d{ik izrh ;kwkB s/ ykD ghD dh ewh ;h. fJE/ f;zx
Skgkwko bVkJh bVd/ ;B.

fJj nfijk fJbkek ;h, fiZE/ nZr/ gjkV, bfjzd/ tZb okth dfonk,
uVQd/ pzB/ fpnk; s/ fJe gk;/ Fkjh \"i ;h. f;zxK B/ okth gko eoB dk
:sB ehsk. gkDh dh vzx
{ kJh goyD bJh d' :'fXnK B/ okth ftu x'V/ m/bQ
fdZs,/ go T[j x'fVnK ;w/s gkDh ftu o[VQ rJ/. id e[M f;zx p;"bh s/ em{J/
tZb rJ/ sK nZrI' okig{sK B/ w[ekpbk ehsk ns/ i/ eo e[M f;zx gjkVK tZb
fBeb/ sK gjkVhnK B/ jZbk eo fdZsk. j[D f;zxK B/ \?;bk ehsk fe nkjw'
;kjwD/ j' e/ bVhJ/ ns/ d[FwDK ftu'I okj pDk e/ nZr/ fBeb iktKr/.

f;ZyK dk w[y
Z iZEk GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m bfVnk. T[j
;?IefVnK dh frDsh ftu eZN wo/ ns/ T[jBK ftu'I e[M e?dh th pDk bJ/
rJ/. GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx B/ }]wh bZs gZr gkV e/ x'V/ dh ekmh Bkb pZXh ns/
fco th sbtko ubkT[Idk fojk. fJE/ fGnkBe :[X
Z j'fJnk. ;ko/ f;Zy iE/
uVQdh ebk Bkb bV/ ns/ d[FwD d/ nkj{ bkj ;[N
Z ./ pj[s f;zx FjhdhnK
gk rJ/. e[M f;zx d[FwD dhnK \"iK ~ uhod/ wzvh s/ e[b
Z { tZb ub/ rJ/. e[M
bVd/ fGVd/ fpnk; gko eoe/ d[nkp/ ik gj[u
z / ns/ eJh okth gko eoe/
r[odk;g[o d/ fonkVeh fJbke/ ftu ub/ rJ/. T[& g
Z o'I i/m dk wjhBk s/ nZs
dh rowh ;h. g?db f;zxK d/ sZgdh o/s B/ g?o b{j ;[N
Z / ns/ T[jBK B/ eZgV/
gkV e/ g?oK Bkb pZX./ pj[s f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/ s/ pkeh tZy-tZy fdFktK ~
fBeb rJ/. j[D bygs s/ :jhnk ]K nkgDh \"i ;w/s bkj"o ub/ rJ/. fJ;
:[X
Z ftu bygs dk g[s
Z o joGi okJ/ ns/ :jhnk ]K dk g[s
Z o Bkjo ]K th
wko/ rJ/.

ekj~tkB s/ p;"bh d/ fJbke/ ftu j'Jh fJ; izr s/ esb/nkw ~


S'Nk xZbx
{ kok fejk iKdk j?. fJj xZbx
{ kok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ tkgfonk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (129)
fJ; ftu ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/
bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/ d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk.

ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j?, i' ekdhnK s'I
uko e'j gjkV tZb j?. ekj~tkB ftu nekbh bfjo d/ fgZSI' nekbh iZE/
B/, fJbke/ dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ Fjhd f;zxK dh
:kd ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko
B/ fJE/ ;zB 2011 ftu Fjhdh ;wkoe pDkfJnk, i' ofjzdh d[BhnK se
;z;ko Go d/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) S'Nk xZbx
{ kok d/ fJfsjk; ~ nkgD/ FpdIK ftu fby'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk <
T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB d/ fJbke/ ftu
tkgfonk. fJ; ftu bygs okJ/ s/ :jhnk ]K B/ f;zxK T[& g
Z o jwbk
ehsk.
gqFB 2 L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok tkgoB dk eh ekoB pfDnK <
T[& s
Z o L iBtoh 1746 JhH dh xNBk j? fe f;zxK dk fJe ek\bk n?wBkpkd
tZb frnk. i;gs okJ/ n?wBkpkd dk \"idko ;h. T[; B/ jzeko ftu
f;zxK T[& g
Z o jZbk p'b fdZsk s/ fJ; izr ftu i;gs okJ/ wkfonk frnk.
fco T[; d/ Gok bygs okJ/ B/ pdb/ dh GktBk Bkb f;zxK T[& g
Z o tZvk
jwbk ehsk.
gqFB 3 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I ]kb;k \"i ftu fejV/-fejV/ iE/ ;B <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I f;zxK d/ db ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH B"X f;zx
F[eouZehnk, ;qH ;[Zyk f;zx wkVh ezp' ns/ ;qH r[ofdnkb f;zx
vZbt
/ kbhnk d/ iE/ ;B.
gqFB 4 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu f;ZyK dk fezBk e[ ikBh B[e;kB j'fJnk <
T[& s
Z o L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu seohpB ;Zs j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J/ ns/ fszB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(130) r[owfs frnkB
j}ko d/ eohp pzdh pDk e/ bkj"o fbnKd/ rJ/, fiZE/ T[jBK ~ s;hj/
d/ e/ Fjhd ehsk frnk. fJ; soQK e[b
Z d; j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J./
gqFB 5 L S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ dk ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
T[&&Zso L S'Nk xZbx
{ kok 1 i{B 1746 JhH ~ ekj~tkB fty/ tkgfonk.
ekj~tkB f}bQk r[odk;g[o ftu fJe uzrk e;pk j? i' ekdhnK s'I uko
e'j gjkV tZb j?. fJE/ nekbh bfjo d/ fgZSI' nekbh iE/ B/ fJbke/
dhnK ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDkfJnk ;h. fco
2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd
ftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj ofjzdh d[BhnK se ;z;ko Go
d/ b'eK nZr/ T[jBK :'fXnK dk fJfsjk; d[jokT[Idk oj/rk.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S'Nk xZb{xkok (131)
v`fw G`lUGwrw
tZvk xZbx
{ kok (1762 JhH) L
nmkothI ;dh dk f;Zy fJfsjk; tZv/ ;zxoF, izrK, ;kfenK s/
xZbx
{ kfonK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. fJ; ;dh ftu S'Nk xZbx
{ kok i{B 1746
ftu tkgfonk ns/ tZvk xZbx
{ kok cotoh 1762 ftu tkgfonk. xZbx
{ kok dk
noE, spkjh iK popkdh j?. S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu d; j}ko d/ eohp f;zx
Fjhd j'J/ ns/ tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu shj j}ko f;zx, f;zxDhnK, pZu/ s/ p}[or
Fjhd j'J./ fJ; bJh f;Zy e"w dh J/B/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ j'Jh esb/nkw s/
FjhdhnK ~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk frnk.
tZvk xZbx
{ kok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk L
tZvk xZbx
{ kok tkgoB s'I gfjbK fJ; d/; dk wzdk jkb ;h. BkdoFkj
s/ nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ jwfbnK B/ w[rb
a ;kwoki s/ wojZfNnK dh
Fesh ~ sfj; Bfj; eo fdZsk ;h. 1761 JhH ~ npdkbh B/ wojZfNnK ~
gkDhgs d/ w?dkB ftu p[oh soQK e[ub fdZsk ;h. T[; B/ y{p bZN
[ wko ehsh,
go id tkg; w[fVnk sK f;zxK B/ nkgDh j'Id dk nfj;k; eokT[D bJh
T[; dk ;sb[i s'I nNe se fgZSk eoe/ szr th ehsk ns/ T[; dh b[N
Z th
ehsh. Gkos dhnK pkJh ;" w[fNnkoK ~ T[; e'bI' S[vtk e/ xo' xoh
gj[u
z kfJnk. npdkbh d/ nNe dfonk gko eofdnK jh f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nrtkJh j/m bkj"o #s/ ep}k eo fbnk ns/ f;Zek
th ubkfJnk. nes{po 1761 ~ T[jBK nzfwqs;o ftu/ dhtkbh th X{w Xkw
Bkb wBkJh. ;opZs ]kb;k B/ fJj th r[owsk ;'fXnk fe npdkbh d/
jwkfJshnK ~ fNekD/ bkfJnk ikt/. fJ; ftu gfjbk Bzpo nkeb dk;
izfvnkbhJ/ dk jh bZfrnk. ]kb;/ B/ izfvnkb/ ~ x/ok gk fbnk. T[; B/
:edw npdkbh ~ fuZmh G/ih. fJXo ]kb;/ ~ ;{j fwb rJh sK T[jBK B/
gfotkoK ~ ;[ofZ yns EktK #s/ gj[u
z kT[D bJh x/ok u[e
Z fdZsk ns/ ;ofjzd
tZb ub/ rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(132) r[owfs frnkB
id f;zxK dh fJ; uVQs dh ;{j npdkbh ~ gj[u
z h sK T[j f;zxK dh
b[N
Z wko s'I d[yh sK gfjbK jh ;h. j[D T[j f;Zy Fesh ~ e[ubD bJh uVQ
fgnk. npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[& s
Z / S/tK jwbk ;h i' T[; B/ f;ZyK ~ ]sw
eoB bJh jh ehsk ;h.

fJ; soQK d/ jkbksK ftu r[;


aZ / ftu Go/ ghs/ npdkbh B/ f;Zy Fesh
~ ;dk tk;s/ ]sw eoB bJh seVk bFeo b? e/ gzikp tZb uVQkJh
ehsh. npdkbh B/ nkgDh \"i ~ j[ew fdZsk fe Gkosh fbpk; ftu i' th
pzdk NZeo/ T[; ~ gko p[bk fdU. }?B ]K dh d/;h \"i ~ j[ew ehsk fe
T[j fBFkBh ti'I gZrK ftu jo/ gZs/ Nzr b?D. }?B ]K ;ofjzd dk jkew ;h.

fJXo f;zxK ~ th npdkbh d/ jwb/ dh ;{j fwb rJh ;h. f;zx,


npdkbh Bkb f;ZXh \?;bke[B
z NZeo b?D d/ o"n ftu ;B, go npdkbh dk
Nkeok eoB s'I gfjbK T[j nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ fe;/ ;[ofZ yns ;EkB #s/
gj[u
z kT[Dk pj[s }o{oh ;wMd/ ;B. fJj rZb f;zxK d/ nzdk}/ d/ T[bN j'
rJh fe npdkbh pj[s s/}h Bkb 3 cotoh 1762 ~ bkj"o gj[u
z frnk.
izfvnkb/ dh ;{j T[; ~ fwb rJh fe f;Zy izfvnkfbT[I nZr/ wb/oe'Nb/ tZb
ub/ rJ/ jB. j[D T[j wb/oe'Nb/ d/ fJbke/ tZb tfXnk, fiZE/ f;Zy jkb/
fJeZso jh j' oj/ ;B. f;zxK ~ nk; ;h fe T[j e[M fdB bkj"o nkokw
eo/rk. go T[; B/ nkgD/ ;kEhnK—tbh ]kB, GhyB ]K wb/oe'Nb/ tkb/
s/ }?B ]K ;w/s seVh \"i Bkb f;ZyK ~ 5 cotoh 1762 ~ wb/oe'Nb/ d/ B/V/
@e[g
Z ojhV/# d/ n;EkB T[s/ x/ok gk fbnk. frnkBh frnkB f;zx ih B/
npdkbh dh \"i dh frDsh v/Y bZy dZ;h j?. fJjBK s'I fJbktk j'o th
w[;fbw u"Xoh s/ \"idkoK dh frDsh gk e/ ;koh \"i v/Y-d' bZy d/ brGr
pD rJh. d{i/ gk;/ f;Zy \"i dh frDsh shj j}ko d/ eohp ;h ns/ pkeh
T[jBK d/ pkb pZu,/ p}[or s/ fJ;sohnK ;B.

T[Xo npdkbh ~ nkgDh fiZs T[s/ g{ok jzeko ;h ns/ T[j f;ZyK dh
j'Id ~ w[ew
z b ]sw eoB bJh nkfJnk ;h. fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[y
Z
ioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk, ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQs
f;zx F[eouZehnk, ;H Fkw f;zx s/ pkeh ;odkoK B/ ftuko ehsh fe
npdkbh Bkb f;ZXh NZeo b?D s'I gfjbK nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ poBkbk fty/
gj[u
z k d/JhJ/. T[E/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki ;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (133)
pZu/ s/ n"osK ;[ofZ yns j'Dr/, go npdkbh s{\kB dh soQK wko' wko eodk
nk frnk. f;zxK B/ nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ ftueko b? e/ T[jBK d[nkb/ i[Mko{
f;zxK dk x/ok xZs fbnk ns/ izr dh ewkB ;zGkb bJh. ni/ ]kb;k db
e[M d{o jh frnk ;h fe ndpkbh d/ ioB?b g{o/ i'F Bkb NZN
[ e/ g? rJ/.
j[D f;zx nkgD/ gfotkoK ~ th pukT[Id/ s/ d[FwD Bkb th i{Md/ ;B. fJ;
soQK f;zxK dk pj[s B[e;kB j'fJnk. fco f;zxK B/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/
d/ ;[Mkn T[& g
Z o g{o/ i'F Bkb ob e/ npdkbh dh \"i T[& g
Z o jwbk ehsk sK
T[; dhnK \"iK s'pk s'pk eo T[mhnK.

fJ; s'I pknd npdkbh B/ nkgD/ ioB?bK ~ }'odko jwbk eoB


bJh bbekfonk. npdkbh dh \"i, f;zxK tZbI' gfotkoK d[nkb/ pDkJ/ x/o/
~ s'VB ftu ;cb j' rJh. fco d[FwD B/ fe;/ fpoX, pZu/ iK fJ;soh
T[& g
Z o so; Bk ehsk ns/ E'V/ ;w/I ftu jh j}koK dh frDsh #u gfotkoK d/
ihn esb eo fdZs./ fJXo f;Zy fw;bK d/ ;odkoK B/ th izrh ftT[Is
nB[;ko fiZE/ nkgD/ nkg ~ pukfJnk T[E/ itkph jwb/ eoe/ npdkbh ~
BkBh u/s/ eotk fdZsh.

seohpB thj whb d/ fJbke/ ftu bVh rJh fJ; fGnkBe izr ftu
npdkbh dh \"i B/ g{oh p/ofjwh Bkb esb/nkw ehsk. oks g?D se f;zxK
B/ thj whb ;\o sfj eo fbnk ;h. npdkbh dhnK \"iK th uko fdBK dh
bVkJh ftu EZe e/ u{o j' rJhnK ;B. npdkbh th ;'u fojk ;h fe f;ZyK
~ ysw eoBk T[; d/ tZ; dh rZb BjhI. nzs fgzv e[spk pkjwDhnK B/V/ fJe
Ykp #s/ ik e/ \"iK o[ehnK. fJE/ Ykp d/ fJe gk;/ f;zxK B/ gkDh gh e/ fgnk;
p[MkJh ns/ d{i/ gk;/ n\rkB \"ih gkDh gh oj/ ;B. fJE/ n\rkBh \"iK o[e
rJhnK ns/ f;zx nkgDh puh tjho ~ b? e/ oks' oks poBkb/ ub/ rJ/. fJj
5 cotoh dh izr F[o{ j'Jh 8 cotoh ~ ]sw j'Jh. f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu fJ;
~ tZvk xZbx
{ kok fejk iKdk j?.

fJ; tZv/ xZbx


{ ko/ ftu seohpB shj j}ko f;Zy Fjhd j'J./ fJj f;ZyK
bJh pj[s jh tZvh ;ZN ;h. fco th f;Zy uVQdh ebk ftu ;B. Fkw ~ ojokf;
;kfjp d/ gkm s'I pknd T[jBK i?eko/ rik e/ tkfjr[o{ dk F[eokBk ehsk.
fJ; ;w/I fJe fBjzr f;zx B/ T[& u
Z h ntk} ftu fejk L
sZs ykb;' ;' oj:' r:' ;[ y'N rtkfJ.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(134) r[owfs frnkB
Gkt sZs ]kb;k ni/ uVQdh ebk ftu j? s/ ni/ sK y'N jh frnk j?.

fJj izr fezBh fGnkBe ;h fe id'I izr ]sw j'Jh sK ;qH iZ;k f;zx
nkjb{tkbhJ/ d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o sbtkoK d/ 22 cZN ;B ns/ ;qH uVQs f;zx
F[eouZehJ/ d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o 19 cZN ;B.

T[Xo npdkbh 3 wkou ~ bkj"o tkg; ubk frnk ns/ nkgDk gqGkt
gkT[D bJh bVkJh ftu wko/ rJ/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ 50 rZv/ bZd e/ bkj"o b?
frnk. esb j'J/ f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ whBko T[;ko/ rJ/.

fJXo f;zxK dh db/oh ;h fe 8 cotoh 1762 ~ jkb/ xZbx


{ kok ]sw
j'fJnk s/ wJh 1762 ~ db ]kb;k B/ ;ojzd d/ Btkp ~ ik x/fonk. fJ;
s'I gfjbK ng?b
q 1762 ~ nzfwqs;o fty/ X{w Xkw Bkb ft;kyh th wBkJh.
;G e[M ;[D e/ npdkbh b'jk bkyk j'fJnk fco nzfwqs;o T[& g
Z o uVQ e/
nkfJnk s/ T[; B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp dhnK BhjK ftu pko{d Go e/ fJ;
dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj fdZsh. ;o'to ~ e{V/ eoeN Bkb Go fdZsk.

fJE/ fJe fJfsjk;e xNBk tkgoh id pko{d Bkb ;qh jfowzdo


;kfjp dh fJwkos T[vkJh sK fJe fJZN npdkbh d/ BZe T[& g
Z o tZih.
npdkbh T[; ;w/I jzekfonk j'fJnk x'V/ #s/ ;tko j' e/ goeowk ftu fco
fojk ;h. fJ; fJZN dk n?;k }]w j'fJnk i' fgZSI' Bk;{o pD e/ npdkbh dh
w"s dk ekoB pD frnk. tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ dk f;ZNk fJj fBefbnk fe npdkbh
ew}'o jzd
[ k frnk s/ f;zx nZr/ Bkb'I j'o wip{s j' rJ/. e[M ;w/I pknd jh
f;Zy Fesh B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ o{g ftu ;G s'I FeshFkbh ]kb;k
oki dh BhIj oZy fdZsh, fi; B/ fco eJh djke/ oki ehsk.

tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ dk ;EkB wb/o e'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZb
d' Bro e[g
Z s/ ojhVk jB, i' B/V/ B/V/ jB. fJj f}bQk ;zro{o ftu g?Id/ jB.
fJE/ gfjbK fgzv e[g
Z fty/ fJe eko ;/tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp
fsnko eotkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftu gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/
tZvx
/ b
Z x
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu @Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDtkfJnk. fJj
:kdrkoK i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se e"wh tko;K ~ nkgD/ i'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkb
i'V e/ oZyDrhnK.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (135)
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) tZvk xZbx
{ kok feT[I, fet/I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk < fJ; ;zpX
z h ukBDk
gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L tZvk xZbx
{ kok ed'I s/ feZE/ tkgfonk ns/ fJ; ftu fezB/ f;Zy
Fjhd j'J/ <
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ e[g
Z ojhV/ fty/ tkgfonk.
nfjwdFkj npdkbh dk fJj Gkos T[s/ S/tK jwbk ;h i' f;Zy Fesh
~ ]sw eoB bJh ehsk. fJ; ftu 30 j}ko d/ eohp f;Zy Fjhd j'J./
gqFB 2 L tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I npdkbh dk Nkeok eoB tkb/ fejV/ f;Zy
ioB?b ;B <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ;w/I db ]kb;k d/ w[y
Z ioB?b ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk,
;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk, ;qH uVQs f;zx F[eouZehnk (fJj wjkokik
oDihs f;zx ih dk dkdk ;h), ;qH Fkw f;zx s/ j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;odko
;B.
gqFB 3 L tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ;w/I f;zx poBkb/ feT[I gj[u
z Dk ukjzd
[ / ;B <
T[& s
Z o L T[; ;w/I f;zx, npdkbh Bkb NZeo sK b?Dh ukjzd
[ / ;B, go T[jBK
d/ pkb-pZu/ s/ n"osK th Bkb ;B. poBkb/ pkpk nkbk f;zx dk oki
;h. f;zxK ~ ftFtk; ;h fe T[E/ ;kv/ gfotko ;[ofZ yns ofjDr/ ns/
fco n;hI f;ZXh NZeo btKr/.
gqFB 4 L npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[go jwbk feT[I ehsk <
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok cotoh 1762 ~ tkgfonk s/ ]kb;k gzE B/ ng?b
q d/
wjhB/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp fty/ ft;kyh dk w/bk wBkfJnk. T[;~
ikfgnk fe f;ZyK dh Fesh dk e/Ido jfowzdo j? s/ id se jfowzdo
;kfjp j? sd se fJjBK dh pjkdoh s/ Fesh ]sw BjhI j' ;edh.
xZbx
{ ko/ s'I pknd T[j ni/ bkj"o mfjfonk ;h. T[; B/ fco ;qh
jfowzdo ;kfjp dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj fdZsh s/ ;o'to g{o fdZsk.
gqFB 5 L fiZE/ tZvk xZbx
{ kok tkgfonk T[j ;EkB feZE/ j? s/ fejVh :kdrko
pDh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(136) r[owfs frnkB
T[& s
Z o L tZvk xZbx
{ kok 5 cotoh 1762 JhH ~ tkgfonk ;h. fJj ;EkB
wb/oe'Nbk s'I pkoQK e[ feb'whNo T[so tZb fgzv e[g
Z f}bQk ;zro{o
ftu j?. eZg
[ s/ ojhVk d' fgzv B/V-
/ B/V/ jB. fJE/ gfjbK fJe eko ;/
tk tkb/ pkpk ih B/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp pDtkfJnk ;h. fco 2011 ftu
gzikp dh nekbh ;oeko B/ tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ FjhdK dh :kd ftu
@Fjhdh ;wkoe# pDkfJnk. fJj :kdrkoK i[r
Z K i[rKsoK se e"wh
tko;K ~ nkgD/ :'fXnK d/ fJfsjk; Bkb i'V e/ oZyDrhnK.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tZvk xZb{xkok (137)
f;Z y fw;bK L

AwhlUvwlIAw imsl
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dk f;Zy gzE ftu
seVk ;EkB ;h. fJ; fw;b dk w'Yh ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ;h. ;qH
iZ;k f;zx dk iBw f}bQk bkj"o d/ fgzv nkjb{ fty/ 3 wJh 1718 JhH ftu
;qH pdo f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. ;qH iZ;k f;zx ih @nkjb{# fgzv d/ j'D eoe/
T[jBK ~ nkjb{tkbhnk efjD bZr gJ/. nkg dh T[wo jkb/ gzi e[ ;kb dh
;h id fgsk ih nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJjBK dh wksk s/ wkwk pkx f;zx
nkg ~ r[o{ xo dh FoXk eoe/ d;w gksFkj ih dh ;[gsBh wksk ;[d
z oh
ih gk; fdZbh b? e/ rJ/. nkg dk pkbgB fdZbh jh phfsnk. T[E/ r[ow[yh
s/ \ko;h GkFk d/ Bkb Bkb nkg B/ r[opkDh s/ r[o-fJfsjk; pko/ u'yk
frnkB gqkgs ehsk. id itkB j'J/ sK 1735 JhH ftu wksk ;[d
z oh ih B/
fJjBK ~ gzE dh ;fsekos j;sh Btkp eg{o f;zx ih gk; G/fink. fJjBK
gk;'I jh nkg B/ nzfwqs Sfenk ns/ jo gqeko d/ r[D gqkgs ehs/.

;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk B/ nmkothI ;dh ftu j'J/ f;Zy ;zxoF
ftu pj[s jh wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk. nkg ni/ thj e[ ;kbK d/ ;B
id BkdoFkj dh w[Vdh j'Jh \"i T[s/ Btkp eg{o f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m
\"i T[s/ jZbk p'fbnk s/ eoko/ jZE ftykJ/. ;zB 1745 ftu nkg B/ nkgDk
;[ss
z o iZEk pDkfJnk. id 1746 ftu S'Nk xZbx
{ kok tkgfonk sK nkg B/
seVh phosk fdykJh, feT[Ife T[; ;w/I f;Zy uko/ gkf;T[I jh fxo rJ/ ;B.

id 1748 JhH ftu t?;kyh tkb/ fdB 65 f;Zy iZfEnK ~ fwbk e/ Btkp
eg{o f;zx ih B/ ;ko/ gzE dh fJe iE/pd
z h db ]kb;k pDkJh sK ;qH iZ;k
f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ ;op ;zwsh Bkb iE/dko u[fDnK frnk. fco T[; d/
wsfjs frnkoK fw;bK pDkJhnK rJhnK. pkjothI fw;b c{behnk fJjBK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(138) r[owfs frnkB
frnkoK s'I tZyoh ;h, fi; dk pkBh ;qH nkbk f;zx gfNnkbk ;h.
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK #s/ pDh. T[IM fJfsjk;ekoK
nB[;ko iE/ dk pkBh ;qH pkx f;zx ih i' ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ dk wkwk
;h. id ifEnK dh EK fw;bK pDhnK sK fw;b dk iE/dko ;qH iZ;k f;zx
Ekfgnk frnk. ;qH pkx f;zx d/ e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI ;h s/ T[; dh w"s s'I pknd
;koh ikfJdkd dk wkbe ;qH iZ;k f;zx pfDnK.

T[; ;w/I Gkt/I ;kohnK fw;bK n}kd ;B, go gzE T[& g


Z o GhV ;w/I iK
tZvh w[fjzw t/b/ ;kohnK jh ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh iE/dkoh j/m ezw
eodhnK ;B. ;qH iZ;k f;x jo w[fjzw ftu ;dk nZr/ j' e/ bfVnk. nzfwqs;o
dk jkew ;bkps ]K s/ w[bskB dk ;{pd
/ ko Fkj fBtk} nkg d/ jZEI' esb
j'J./ ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ ebkB"o s/ bkj"o th b[N
Z / s/ npdkbh d/ gzit/I jwb/
;w/I NZeo bJh ns/ fijbw dfonk d/ ezY/ jwbk eoe/ pzdh fJ;sohnK
S[vkJhnK.

nes{po 1761 JhH ~ dhtkbh tkb/ fdB ;w{j gzE B/ \?;bk ehsk fe
bkj"o #s/ ep}k ehsk ikt/. f;zxK B/ ik bkj"o x/fonk ns/ ;{pd
/ ko T[pd
?
]kB ~ Gik e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ s]s #s/ fpmk e/ pkdFkj pDk
fdZsk. Fkjh Ne;kb T[s/ ep}k eoe/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ BK T[& s
Z / f;Zek th ubk
fdZsk.

cotoh 1762 ftu tZv/ xZbx


{ ko/ ;w/I npdkbh d/ Nkeo/ bJh db
]kb;k dhnK ;kohnK fw;bK Fkfwb ;B. fJ; bVkJh ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/
;oho T[s/ pkJh cZN bZr,/ go nkg uVQdh ebk ftu oj/. fJjBK dh nrtkJh
B/ e"w ftu Yfjzdh ebk BjhI nkT[D fdZsh.

iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk dh nrtkJh j/m ;kohnK


fw;bK B/ fwb e/ ;ojzd T[& s
Z / jwbk ehsk. T[EI' d/ Btkp }?B ]K ~ wko
w[ekfJnk. ;ojzd dh fJZN Bkb fJZN yVek e/ ]kb;/ B/ fco ep}k ehsk.
npdkbh B/ 1762 JhH ftu ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp dh gftZso fJwkos Ykj
fdZsh ;h s/ nes{po 1764 ftu ;qH nkjb{tkbhnk B/ fco fsnko eotkJh.
;zB 1777 JhH ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ fJpokjhw GZNh ~ jko d/ e/ eg{oEb/ ~
nkgDh okiXkBh pDkfJnk. nzs 20 nes{po 1783 JhH ~ ;qH iZ;k f;zx
nkjb{tkbhnk nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK dk ;;eko

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b (139)
pkpk nNb okfJ ih d/ d/jo/ gk; ehsk frnk. nkg T[& u
Z / bzw/ doFBh f;zx
;B s/ ;koh T[wo raohpK d/ jwdod oj/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dhnK d' bVehnK
;B, fJ; bJh T[jBK s'I pknd nkg dk uu/ok Gok ;qH Gkr f;zx fw;bdko
pfDnK. Gkr f;zx dh 1801 ftu w"s j' rJh sK T[; dk bVek \s/ f;zx
fw;b dh rZdh #s/ p?mk. fJj wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dk gZr tN fwZso
;h s/ ;dk jh t\kdko fojk. id fJj 1837 JhH ftu ubkDk eo frnk sK
fJjBK dk g[s
Z o ;qH fBjkb f;zx ikrho dk wkbe pfDnK. wjkokik B/
fBjkb f;zx ~ eg{oEb/ dk okik pDk fdZsk. ;zB 1846 ftu nzro/}K s/ f;ZyK
dh izr ;w/I eg{oEbk fonk;s nzro/} ;oeko dh ;ogq;sh j/m nk rJh.
nzro/}K s/ f;ZyK dh d{ih izr ;w/I okik fBjkb f;zx B/ nzro/}K dh wdd
ehsh. ;zB 1852 ftu okik fBjkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[; dk g[s
Z o ;qH
oDXho f;zx eg{oEb/ dk okik pfDnK. 1870 ftu oDXho f;zx dh w"s s'I
fgS'I T[jBK dk bVek yVe f;zx rZdh #s/ p?mk. 1877 ftu yVe f;zx dh
w"s s'I fgZSI' T[jBK dk 5 ;kb dk bVek irsihs f;zx oki rZdh #s/ p?mk.
fJjBK d/ oki ekb ftu eg{oEbk fonk;s dk seVk ftek; j'fJnk.
1948 ftu fJ; fonk;s ~ g?g;{ ftu Fkwb eo fbnk s/ wjkokik
irsihs f;zx ~ T[g-oki gqwy
Z[ pDkfJnk frnk. ;zB 1949 ftu fJjBK
dh w"s s'I pknd fJjBK dk bVek gowihs f;zx oki ;Zsk dk nfXekoh
pD frnk. id 1955 ftu fJjBK dh w"s j'Jh sK nkg dk bVek ;[yihs
f;zx oki gfotko dk w[yh pfDnK. 1 Btzpo 1956 ~ g?g;{ ~ gzikp ftu
;w' fdZsk frnk sK gzikp dhnK fonk;sK dh j'Id ;EkJh s"o #s/ ]sw j'
rJh.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh fdU.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(140) r[owfs frnkB
isMGpurIAw imsl
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftZuI' fJe fw;b f;zxg[ohnk fw;b d/ BkT[I
Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; dh ;EkgBk eoB tkbk Btkp eg{o f;zx ;h. ;qH
eg{o f;zx dk iBw 1697 JhH ~ F/yg
{ o
[ d/ fJbke/ fgzv ekb/e/ fty/ u"Xoh
dbhg f;zx d/ xo j'fJnk. id nkg itkBh dh T[wo/ gzEe ekoiK ftu bZr/
sK fJjBK B/ nzfwqs;o d/ B}dhe c?}b
[ k ]kB tb'I t;kJ/ j'J/ \?}b
[ kg[ok
BkT[I d/ e;p/ T[& g
Z o ep}k eo fbnk ns/ T[; dk BK @f;zxg[ok# oZfynk.
fJjBK d/ iZE/ ~ f;zxg[ohnK dk iZEk fejk iKdk ;h. fco fJ;/ jh BK T[& s
Z /
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b ekfJw j'Jh. e[M fJfsjk;eko fJ; ~ \?}b
[ kg[oh fw;b
th efjzd/ jB. ;qH eg{o f;zx ih dhnK pugB s'I jh Xkofwe o[uhnK ;B.
fJjBK B/ 1721 JhH ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ t?;kyh #s/ j'J/ nzfwqs ;zuko ;w/I
GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ jZEI' nzfwqsgkB ehsk. Go itkBh dh T[wo ftu fJjBK
B/ fgzv-fgzv nB/eK B"itkBK ~ g/o
q e/ f;zx ;ikfJnk. fJjBK dhnK i[Mko{
o[uhnK s/ e"wh fgnko eoe/ ;fsr[oK dh feogk Bkb f;Zy gzE ftu seVh
j'Id pDh.

1733 JhH ~ t?;kyh #s/ ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ ;opZs ]kb;k fJeZso
j'fJnk. }eohnk ]K ;{pd
/ ko bkj"o tb'I ;qH ;[pr
/ f;zx @Btkph# dk f]skp
s/ ikrho dk gNk b? e/ nkfJnk. bzph ftuko s'I pknd gzE B/ ;zrs ftu gZyk
MZb oj/ ;qH eg{o f;zx ih ~ Btkph dh f]bns (g'Fke) ;op ;zwsh Bkb
d/ fdZsh. T[; fdB s'I pknd nkg Btkp eg{o f;zx eoe/ gqf;ZX j'J./

nkg B/ f;Zy gzE ~ iE/pd


z eoB bJh d' F/D
q hnK pDk fdZshnK. fJj
;B, @p[Y
Z k db s/ so[Bk db.# nkg d'jK dbK d/ ;KM/ iE/dko Ekg/ rJ/.
fJjBK ftu f;Zyh gquko dk pj[s T[sFkj ;h. p/ns
z b'eK B/ fJjBK d/ iZE/
gk;'I nzfwqs Sfenk. nkg jo w[;hps ftu nZr/ j' e/ bV/. fdZbh b[N
Z e/ w[Vd/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b (141)
j'J/ BkdoFkj ~ fJjBK d/ iZE/ B/ b[fZ Nnk ns/ pzXe w[fNnkoK ~ S[vk e/ xo'
xohI gj[u
z kfJnk. nkg B/ 1748 ftu f;Zy gzE dh ;KMh iE/pd
z h dk BK db
]kb;k oZfynk. T[; dh ewKv sK Gkt/I ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ ~ ;"Ig
fdZsh, go ;ogq;sh fJjBK dh jh ojh.

Btkp eg{o f;zx B/ nkgD/ nXhB e/tb f;zxg[ohnk fw;b ~ oZfynk.


fJj fw;b Gkt/I pj[s tZvh BjhI ;h, go nkg dh F];hns pj[s T[& u
Z h ;h.
;ko/ ;odko nkg dh pj[s fJZ}s eod/ ;B. nkg jo e"wh izr ftu nZr/
j' e/ i{M,/ fJ; bJh nkg d/ ;oho T[& g
Z o }]wK d/ pj[s fBFkB ;B.

1753 JhH ftu nkg phwko ofjD bZr gJ/ ns/ 7 nes{po 1753 JhH
~ nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. nkg B/ nekb ubkD/ s'I gfjbK
fJe gzEe fJeZm p[bk e/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ~ gzEe iE/dkoh ;"Ig
fdZsh ;h. Btkp eg{o f;zx d/ e'Jh n"bkd BjhI ;h. fJjBK s'I pknd
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[y
Z h ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx pfDnK. id npdkbh B"tI/
jwb/ fgZSI' tkg; frnk sK f;zxK B/ Bt/I fJbke/ wZbD/ F[o{ eo fdZs./ j[D
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b gk; th ek\h fJbke/ ;B. ibzXo s/ j[fFnkog[o d/ e[M
fjZ;,/ ibzXo d[nkp ftu ykgVy/Vh, f;zxg[ok, pkoh d[nkp ftu np'jo,
nkdwg[o, SZs pB{V, GosrVQ, nNZbrVQ nkfd. ;qH y[Fjkb f;zx wkbt/
dhnK nB/e w[fjzwK ftu Fkwb fojk. fJjBK dh 1795 JhH ~ w"s j' rJh
s/ fco T[; dk g[s
Z o ;qH p[X
Z f;zx, f;zxg[ohnk fw;b dk w[yh pfDnK.

;qH p[X
Z f;zx B/ fJe fJfsjk;e tke ~ ;Zu ehsk fe id'I gzuw
gksFkj ih B/ ;qh soB skoB ;kfjp dk ;o'to pDkT[D bJh fJZNK
gekJhnK sK fJbke/ dk u"Xoh B{odhB XZe/ Bkb u[etk e/ nkgD/ fgzv ;okJ/
B{odhB b? frnk ;h. T[; B/ fJjBK fJZNK d/ nkgD/ wekB pDtk bJ/ ;B.
;fsr[oK B/ puB ehsk fe ed/ e'Jh ;kvk f;Zy fJj fJZNK jZE' jZE fbnk e/
fco ;o'to pDkt/rk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx f;zxg[ohnk T[& g
Z o ;fsr[oK dh feogk
j'Jh s/ puB g{ok j'fJnk. T[jBK B/ B{odhB d/ wekB Ykj e/ T[j' fJZNK ;qh
soB skoB ;kfjp fbnk e/ ;o'to pDtkfJnk.

;qH p[X
Z f;zx gfjbK e[M ;wK sK wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk ;fj:'rh
fojk, go pknd ftu pkrh j' frnk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx dh fw;b d/ fJbke/
;sb[i d/ d'BI' gk;/ ;B. ;sb[i s'I ;Zi/ gk;/ dk ;kok fJbkek F/o/ gzikp

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(142) r[owfs frnkB
B/ f;Zy oki ftu fwbk fbnk ns/ ;sb[i s'I gko tkb/ fJbke/ ~ ;wK gk e/
nzro/}K B/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo fbnk. ;qH p[X
Z f;zx ih ;zB 1816 ftu
nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. fJ; soQK fJ; fw;b dh j'Id ]sw j' rJh. ;qH p[X
Z
f;zx d/ ;Zs bVe/ ;B. fJjBK dh ;zskB wB"bh tkb/ ;odkoK ti'I ikDh
iKdh ojh j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) f;zxg[ohnk fw;b d/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;zxg[ohnk fw;b (143)
rwmgVIH Aw imsl
okwrVQhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I fJe fw;b okwrVQhnk fw;b d/ BkT[I
Bkb ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; fw;b dh ;EkgBk ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ ehsh. ;qH iZ;k
f;zx d/ dkdk ;qH jodk; f;zx B/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'I nzfwqs Sfenk
;h. jodk; f;zx dk g[s
Z o GrtkB f;zx ;h, fi; d/ gzi g[s
Z o ;B—i?
f;zx, iZ;k f;zx, y[Fjkb f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx. fJjBK ftu'I ;qH
iZ;k f;zx, wkbh f;zx s/ skok f;zx fszB/ Gok ;qH Bzd f;zx ;KxDhnK d/ iE/
ftu Fkwb j' rJ/. ;qH Bzd f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd ;qH iZ;k f;zx iE/ dk
iE/dko pfDnk.

;zB 1748 ftu nkgDh ;[ofZ ynk bJh f;zxK B/ nzfwqs;o ftu fJe eZuh
tbrD fsnko ehsh s/ T[; dk BK okwokT[Dh oZfynk. id who wz~ d/ j[ew
Bkb ndhBk p/r B/ okwokT[Dh #s/ jwbk ehsk sK ;qH iZ;k f;zx T[; ;w/I
ndhBk p/r dh B"eoh eod/ ;B. ;qH iZ;k f;zx gfjbK d/ r[;
aZ / frb/ fsnkr
e/ gzEe i}p/ Bkb f;zxK Bkb nk fwb/. fJ; ;w/I dhtkB e"Vk wZb B/
okwokT[Dh dk \"ih x/ok T[mk e/ f;zxK Bkb ;[bkQ eotk fdZsh ;h. fco
okwokT[Dh d/ ;EkB #s/ fJe febQ/ dh T[;koh ehsh rJh ns/ fJ; dk BK u"E/
gksFkj ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ Bkw #s/ okwrVQ oZfynk frnk. gzE B/ fJj
febQk ;qH iZ;k f;zx d/ jtkb/ ehsk. id fco fw;bK dh ;EkgBk j'Jh sK
;qH iZ;k f;zx dh fw;b ~ okwrVQhnk fw;b dk BK fdZsk frnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx soykD f;Zy ;h, fJ; bJh ;ko/ jh soykD f;Zy fco
nkgD/ nkg ~ okwrVQhJ/ nytkT[D bZr gJ/. okwrVQhnk fw;b ~ soBk
db ftu Fkwb ehsk frnk.

;qH iZ;k f;zx F[o{ s'I jh seVk pjkdo s/ fBvo i'Xk ;h. r[o{ Go';/ tkbk

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(144) r[owfs frnkB
s/ r[opkDh dk B/wh ;h. nkgDh pjkdoh ekoB db ]kb;k ftu fJjBK dk
ftF/F ;EkB pD frnk. nkg jo gzEe w[fjzw ftu nZr/ j' e/ i{M./ ;qH iZ;k
f;zx B/ eBQJhnk fw;b d/ ;odko i? f;zx Bkb fwb e/ r[odk;g[o f}bQ/ dk
pj[s ;kok fJbkek fiZfsnk s/ nkgDh fw;b dh fonk;s ekfJw ehsh.
1764 JhH ftu id f;ZyK B/ }?B ]K ~ wko e/ ;ojzd dk fJbkek tzfvnk sK
okwrVQhnk fw;b B/ T[; ftu'I fJbkek BjhI wZfbnk ;r'I T[jBK B/
fonkVeh s/ fpnk; d/ d'jhI gk;hI ek\h fJbkek nkD wZfbnk ;h. ;zB 1769
ftu fJjBK gk; d; bZy dk fJbkek ;h.
okwrVQhnk fw;b B/ j'oBK fw;bdkoK Bkb fwb e/ nfjwdFkj
npdkbh Bkb eJh bVkJhnK bVhnK. ;zB 1776 fty ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk
s/ ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh nkg;h NZeo j' rJh sK fJ; NZeo ftu
okwrVQhJ/ p[oh soQK jko rJ/ s/ fco fj;ko tZb ub/ rJ/. ;qH iZ;k f;zx B/ fj;ko
d/ jkew ~ esb eoe/ fJe gzvs dhnK d' bVehnK S[vkJhnK. fJe tkoh
fdZbh #s/ jwbk eoe/ w[rb
a K dhnK uko s'gK y'j fbnkfJnk.
1783 JhH ftu iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh w"s s'I pknd ;qH
okwrVQhnk gzikp tZb gos nkJ/. fco fJjBK B/ r[odk;g[o, ibzXo
f}fbQnK d/ eJh fJbke/ nkgD/ ep}/ ftu eo bJ/ ns/ eKrVk, B{og[o,
wzvh s/ uzp/ d/ gjkVh okfinK s'I f]oki (N?e;) b?Id/ ;B.
;zB 1803 ftu ;qH iZ;k f;zx okwrVQhnk nekb ubkDk eo rJ/.
T[jBK s'I pknd T[jBK dk bVek ;qH i'X f;zx okwrVQhnk fw;b dk nkr{
pfDnK. ;qH iZ;k f;zx dh w"s s'I gfjbK jh fJ; fonk;s dk ek\h fjZ;k ;dk
e"o d/ ep}/ ftu nk frnk ;h, i' eBQJhnk fw;b dh nkr{ ;h. fJ; bJh
;qH i'X f;zx B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh B"eoh eo bJh. ;szpo 1815 JhH
ftu ;qH i'X f;zx nekb ubkDk eo frnk. T[; d/ e'Jh g[s
Z o BjhI ;h, fJ;
bJh T[; d/ tko;K dh nkg; ftu bVkJh fSV gJh. wjkokik oDihs f;zx
B/ T[; dk ofjzdk fJbkek th }ps eoe/ nkgDh fonk;s ftu fwbk fbnk.
i'X f;zx dh ftXtk s/ d' j'o dknt/dko tho f;zx s/ dhtkB f;zx ~ ikrho
d/ fdZsh. fJ; soQK okwrVQhnk fw;b dh j'Id jh ]sw j' rJh. nzfwqs;o
ftu okwrVQhnK dk eNVk s/ p[r
z k gqf;ZX jB.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) okwrVQhnk fw;b d/ fJfsjk; pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
okwrVQhnk fw;b (145)
imsl ShIdW
fw;b FjhdK dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh L
f;ZyK dhnK pkoQK fw;bK ftu'I fJe fw;b FjhdK tkbh fw;b eoe/
ikDh iKdh ;h. fJ; fw;b d/ pkBh pkpk dhg f;zx ih ;B. pkpk ih d;w
gksFkj ih d/ j}{oh f;zxK ftu'I ;B. nkg ih dk iBw 1682 JhH ~ fgzv
gj{ftzv, f}bQk nzfwqs;o fty/ j'fJnk. (T[; ;w/I fJj f}bQk bkj"o ;h) pkpk
dhg f;zx ih B/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'I nzfwqs Sfenk. nkg jo :[X
Z ftu
Fkwb j'J./ id d;w gksFkj ih B/ 1706 JhH ftu ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp fty/
fBtk; ehsk sK pkpk dhg f;zx ih T[jBK dh ;/tk #u oj/. fco id r[o{ ih
BKd/V tZb ub/ rJ/ sK pkpk ih B/ dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ jh fNekDk ehsk.
T[E/ T[jBK B/ fJe y{j btkfJnk, i' ni/ th w"id
{ j?. d;w gksFkj ih
B/ ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp fty/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh phV d[pkok ;zgkds
eotkJh ;h. pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ T[; s'I nkgDh ;zd
[ o fbykJh ftu uko
;o{g fsnko ehs/. T[jBK ftu'I fJe ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp nzfwqs;o, fJe
;qh gNBk ;kfjp, fJe ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp ns/ fJe ;o{g ;qh dwdwk
;kfjp fty/ ;[Ff' Gs ehsk. pkpk dhg f;zx ih fiE/ ;{opho i'X/ ;B T[E/
nkgD/ ;w/I d/ wjkB ftdtkB ;B.
id pkpk pzdk f;zx ih pjkdo gzikp ftu nkJ/ sK pkpk dhg f;zx
ih nkgDk iEk b? e/ T[jBK Bkb ik ob/. pkpk ih jo/e izr ftu nZr/ j'
e/ i{M./ fJ; eoe/ nkg d/ iE/ dk Bkw FjhdK dk iEk g? frnk s/ pkpk dhg
f;zx ih dk bep Fjhd jh g? frnk. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd
nkg fco ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp jh ik fNe/. id'I 1748 JhH ~ fw;bK pDhnK
sK FjhdK dh fw;b d/ iE/dko pkpk dhg f;zx ih pD/. fJ; fw;b ftu
f}nkdkso fBjzr f;zx ;B. fJjBK dk w[y
Z fNekDk ;qh dwdwk ;kfjp ;h.

id nfjwdFkj npdkbh d/ ioB?b ijkB ]kB B/ \"i b? e/


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(146) r[owfs frnkB
nzfwqs;o #s/ uVQkJh ehsh, T[; t/b/ pkpk r[opyF f;zx ih ;qh jfowzdo
;kfjp dh okyh eo oj/ ;B. T[j nkgD/ E'V/ fij/ ;kEhnK d/ jzf[ dnK f;ZXh
NZeo b? e/ Fjhd j' rJ/. T[jBK dh :kdrko ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp ih d/
B}dhe j?.

fco ijkB ]kB B/ ;qh nzfwqs;o T[& g


Z o ep}k eo fbnk. T[; B/ ;qh
nzfwqs;o ;o'to g{o fdZsk ns/ eJh r[od[nko/ th Ykj fdZs./ id fJj ]po
;qh dwdwk ;kfjp gj[u
z h sK pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ T[EI' dh ;/tk nkgD/ Gshi/
GkJh ;Zdk f;zx ~ ;"Ig fdZsh. nkg B/ fJ; p/-ndph dk pdbk b?D dk gqD
ehsk s/ nodk;k ;'X e/ gzi ;" f;zxK dk iZEk b? e/ ;qh nzfwqs;o tZb uVQkJh
ehsh. o;s/ ftu j'o f;zx obd/ rJ/ ns/ nzfwqs;o se gj[u
z fdnK d; j}ko
f;zx j' rJ/.

T[Xo'I bkj"o d/ ;{p/ ~ th ;{j fwb rJh fe f;Zy dhtkbh d/ ;w/I ;qh
nzfwqs;o fty/ fJeZm/ j' oj/ jB. T[jB/ bkj"o ftu ijkd dk n?bkB ehsk.
11 Btzpo 1757 JhH ~ r'bt
Q V d/ e'b ijkB ]kB s/ ]kb;k \"i dh f;ZXh
NZeo j'Jh. f;zx ;fji/-;fji/ bVd/ nrKj tXd/ rJ/. id pkpk ih okw;o
;kfjp tkb/ ;EkB se gjzu
[ / sK d'BK ioB?bK ijkB ]kB s/ pkpk dhg f;zx
ih dh f;ZXh NZeo j'Jh. n?;k ;KMk tko j'fJnk fe d'jK ioB?bK d/ f;o bZE
rJ/. fJE'I pkpk dhg f;zx ih B/ brGr tZy j' u[e
Z / ;h; ~ yZp/ jZE Bkb
;KfGnk s/ fco bVd/ j'J/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp ih dh gqeowk ftu gj[u
z e/
nkgDh ehsh j'Jh nodk; d/ p'b g[rkJ/ ns/ Fjhdh gk rJ/. pkpk dhg f;zx
ih dk Fjhdh p[r
z k ;qh dopko ;kfjp dh gqeowk ftu pfDnK. nkg ih dk
Fjhd rzi ;qh okw;o ;kfjp gk; j?, fiE/ nkg dh d/j dk ;;eko ehsk
frnk ;h.

pkpk dhg f;zx ih dh Fjhdh s'I pknd ;qH ;Zdk f;zx fw;b d/ w[yh
pD/. ;zB 1762 ftu de'j/ gk; gmkDK Bkb bVd/ ;Zdk f;zx Fjhd j' rJ/
sK fw;b dk w[yh eow f;zx pfDnK. fw;b FjhdK ftu T[j Bkwto
;odko j'fJnk. tZv/ xZbx
{ ko/ ftu T[j pj[s pjkdoh Bkb bfVnk. id'I
p[Y
Z k db s/ soBk db d' iZE/ pD rJ/ sK fJj fw;b p[Y
Z k db ftu Fkwb
j' rJh. id iBtoh 1764 JhH ~ ;ojzd dh bVkJh ftu }?B ]K ~ wko e/
f;zxK B/ T[; d/ fJbke/ T[& g
Z o ep}k ehsk sK fw;b FjhdK gk; uzr/ fJbke/
nk rJ/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
fw;b FjhdK (147)
;zB 1784 ftu ;qH eow f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk tZvk g[s
Z o
;qH r[bkp f;zx fw;b FjhdK dk w[yh pfDnK. ;zB 1809 ftu nzro/}h
;oeko B/ wkbt/ dhnK ;kohnK fonk;sK nkgD/ nXhB oZfynk ftu b?
bJhnK. ;zB 1844 ftu r[bkp f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd, fJjBK gk; i'
irho ;h, T[; dk wkbe fFtfeogkb f;zx pD frnk. fJj nzro/} ;oeko
dh wdd eodk fojk. fw;b FjhdK dh j'Id sK 1809 ftu jh ]sw j'
rJh. ;zB 1871 ftu fFtfeogkb f;zx dh w"s s'I pknd T[jBK dk g[s
Z o
;qH ihtB f;zx ikrho dk tko; pfDnK. fJj xokDk Fkj}kdg[ohJ/ ;odko
nytkT[Idk j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) fw;b FjhdK d/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh ukBDk gkU.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(148) r[owfs frnkB
e[ M ftfFnK dk nfXn? B L

gurduAwry
r[od[nkok L—
f;Zy gzE s/ f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dk pj[s fBnkok
s/ T[& u
Z k ;EkB j?. r[od[nkok s'I Gkt, @r[o{ dk xo, r[o{ d/ okjhI, r[o{ dh
wko\s nkfd.# f;Zy gzE ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp fe;/ Fpd d/ noEK se jh
;hws BjhI j? ;r'I f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrN
eodk j?.

GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ r[od[nko/ dh gqhGkFk s/ ;o{g ;pzXh


fbfynk j?, @@r[od[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ;e{b, nksw ifrnk;{nK
bJh frnkB T[gd/Fe, o'rhnK bJh ;k\k]kBk, G[fZ ynK bJh nzBg{oDk,
fJ;soh iks dh gZs bJh b'jwJh d[or ns/ w[;k\oK bJh ftFokw n;EkB
j?.##

f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nko/ dh wo:kdk s/


;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk ;fseko L
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q
;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko ;pzXh f;Zy ;wki ~ @r[od[nko/# f;ob/y j/m fJT[I
;wMkfJnk frnk j? L

r[opkDh dk n;o ;kX ;zrs #u p?fmnK tX/o/ jzd
[ k j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy
bJh T[fus j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK d/ i'V-w/b d/ n;EkBK-r[od[nkfonK
d/ doFB eo/ s/ ;kX ;zrs ftu p?m e/ r[opkDh s'I bkG T[mkt/.

r[od[nko/ ftu ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk gqekF fBsk-gqsh j't./ fpBK
]k; ekoB d/ (id fe gqekF ikoh oZyD dh b'V j't)/ oks ~ gqekF
Bk oj/. nkw s"o #s/ ojokf; d/ gkm wro'I ;[y
Z -nk;B ehsk ikt/. id
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[od[nko/ (149)
se rzE
q h iK ;/tkdko ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh ;/tk bJh jk}o ofj
;e/ iK gkmhnK, doFB eoB tkfbnK dh nktkikJh oj/ iK p/ndph
dk ysok Bk j't,/ sd se gqekF oj/. T[gs
zq ;[y
Z -nk;B eo d/Dk
T[fus j? sK i' p/ndph Bk j't./

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih ~ ;BwkB Bkb gqekfFnk, gfVQnk s/ ;zsf' ynk
ikt/. gqekF bJh }o{oh j? fe ;EkB ;k\ ;[Eok j't./ T[& g
Z o uKdBh j't./
gqekF wzih ;kfjp #s/ ;k\ ;[Eo/ p;so ftSk e/ ehsk ikt/. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q
;kfjp ih ~ ;zGkb e/ gqekFB bJh rd/b
/ / nkfd ;fwnkB tos/ ikD
ns/ T[& g
Z o bJh o[wkb j't./ id gkm Bk jzd
[ k j't,/ sK T[& s
Z / o[wkb fgnk
oj/. gqekF t/b/ u"o Gh ukjhJ/.

T[& g
Z o dZ;/ ;kwkB s'I fJbktk X{g iK dht/ wuk e/ nkosh eoBh, G'r
bkT[Dk, i'sK irkT[DhnK, NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd eow r[owfs
nB[;ko BjhI. jK, ;EkB ~ ;[rfz Xs eoB bJh c[b
Z , X{g nkfd
;[rX
z hnK tosDhnK fttofis BjhI. ewo/ nzdo o"FBh bJh s/b, xh
iK w'wpZsh, fpibh, b?Ig nkfd irk b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ tkeo (s[b
Z ) fe;/ g[;se ~ n;EkgB BjhI
eoBk. r[od[nko/ ftu e'Jh w{osh-g{ik iK j'o r[owfs d/ fto[X
Z e'Jh
ohsh iK ;z;eko Bk j't,/ Bk jh e'Jh nBws dk fsT[jko wBkfJnk
ikt/. jK, fe;/ w"e/ iK fJeZss
q k ~ r[owfs d/ gquko bJh tosDk n:'r
BjhI.

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ gzxV
{ / d/ gkftnK ~ w[m
Z hnK GoBhnK, ezXK
iK EfVQnK #s/ BZe orVBk iK w[m
Z hnK GoBhnK, wzih ;kfjp j/mK
gkDh oZyDk, r[od[nkfonK ftu w{oshnK (p[Zs) pBkDhnK iK
oZyDhnK, r[o{ ;kfjpkB iK f;Zy p}[orK dhnK s;thoK nZr/ wZE/
N/eD/, fJj' fij/ eow wBwZs jB.

fJe s'I d{ih EK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp b? ikD t/b/ nodk; eoBh ukjhJ/.
fi; B/ f;o #s/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih u[fZ enk j't,/ T[j Bzr/ g?ohI ub/,
go i/eo fe;/ w"e/ i'V/ gkT[D dh nfs b'V g? ikt/ sK Gow BjhI
eoBk.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(150) r[owfs frnkB

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih ~ nodk;k ;'X e/ gqekF ehsk ikt/. gqekF eoB
t/b/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ftu'I fJe Fpd dk tke fbnk ikt/.

id ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh ;tkoh nkt/ sK Gkt/I nZr/ gqekF j'fJnk
j't/ iK Bk, jo fJe f;Zy ~ ;BwkB bJh T[& m
Z yb'Dk ukjhJ/.

r[od[nko/ nzdo ikD bZfrnK i'V/ pkjo bkj e/, ;[Eok j' e/ ikDk
ukjhJ/, i/ g?o w?b/ iK rzd/ j'D, sK ib Bkb X' b?D/ ukjhJ/. ;qh r[o{
rzE
q ;kfjp ih nEtk r[od[nko/ ~ nkgD/ ;Zi/ gk;/ oZy e/ gqeowk
eoBh ukjhJ/.

r[od[nko/ nzdo doFBK bJh ikD bJh fe;/ d/F, w}Qp, ikfs tkb/
~ wBkjh BjhI, go T[; d/ gk; f;Zy Xow s'I fttofis, swke{ nkfd
e'Jh uh} BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh.

r[od[nko/ nzdo ik e/ f;Zy dk gfjbk eow ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih nZr/
wZEk N/eDk j?. T[gs
qz r[o{ o{g ;kX ;zrs d/ doFB eo e/ ;fji Bkb
@tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj# p[bkJh ikt/.

;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-
Bhu dk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk.

fe;/ wB[y
Z dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I iK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D,
e[o;h, u"eh, wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDk iK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDk
wBwZs j?.

;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDk
ukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;Zy fJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[v
z eZYDk
r[owfs fto[X
Z j?.

jo fJe r[od[nko/ ftu fBFkB ;kfjp fe;/ T[& u
Z h EK #s/ bZrk j't./
fBFkB ;kfjp d/ g[Fke/ dk ozr p;zsh iK ;[owJh j't/ ns/ fBFkB
;kfjp d/ f;o/ T[& s
Z / ;opb'j dk Gkbk iK yzvk j't./

r[od[nko/ ftu Brkok j't,/ i' ;w/I f;o tikfJnk ikt/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) r[od[nko/ s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nko/
f;ob/y j/m o'}kBk dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko
;pzXh eh T[gd/F j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r[od[nko/ (151)
muKvwk lYx dI ivDI
w[ytke, tke b?Dk iK j[ew b?Dk ;G dk Gkt fJe jh j? fe ;qh r[o{
rzE
q ;kfjp ih ftu'I fgnko GktBk Bkb fJe Fpd dk gkm ;[DBk iK eoBk.
T[Ii sK ;w[u
Z h r[opkDh jh ;qh w[ytke s/ j[ew o{g j?. fJj ;kv/ ihtB ~
;ztkodh s/ ;/X p]Fdh j?. n;hI jo j[ew iK w[ytke ~ ;fs eoe/ wzBDk j?.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu w[ytke b?D dh ftXh @j[ew b?Dk# f;ob/y
j/m f;Zy ;wki ~ fJT[I ;wMkJh rJh j? L

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih nZr/ wZEk N/eDk r[o-{ o{g ;zrs d/ ndp Bkb
doFB eoB/ s/ ntk}k b?Dk iK ;[DBk, ;fsr[o{ d/ doFB jB. tke
b?D s'I fpBK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk o[wkb u[eZ e/ doFB eoBk iK
eotkT[Dk wBws j?.

;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'Dh ukjhJ/ ehosB iK eEk, tfynkB
iK gkm.

dhtkB ;w/I ;zrs ftu ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh skfpnk e/tb f;Zy
(wod iK shth) jh p?mD dk nfXekoh j?.

;zrs ~ gkm e/tb f;Zy jh eo e/ ;[Dkt/. nkgD/ nkg bJh gkm e'Jh
r?o-f;Zy Gh eo ;edk j?.

@j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikoh
j?, w[Y
Z s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[Y
Z fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[d
z k
j? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ.' i/ tko j't/
sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftu fiE/
@BkBe Bkw nk ikt/, T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.

dhtkB dh ;wkgsh iK G'r dk nodk;k j' e/ nzsw j[ew fbnk ikt/.
nfGnk bJh gqFB L—
(T) w[ytke s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu j[ew b?D dh eh
ftXh ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(152) r[owfs frnkB
swDwrn pwT
fe;/ Xow rzE q ~ gVQB dh fefonk ~ gkm eoBk fejk iKdk j?. n;hI
f;Zy ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I gkm eod/ jK. i/ eo @;kXkoB# dk noE eohJ/
sK ;kXko s'I Gkt j?, @nk;o/ ;fjs# ns/ ;kXkoB s'I nkXko ;kfjs eoB
tkbk, nk;ok d/D tkbk j?. ;zyg / FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wK
fwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzEq ;kfjp ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/ T[; ~ @;kXkoB gkm# iK @;fji
gkm# fejk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[X Z T[ukoB,
FpdK d/ Gkt noE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/
jK.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu ;kXkoB gkm dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk fJ;
soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L

jo fJe f;Zy ~ tZ; bZr,/ nkgD/ xo ftu ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/
gqekF eoB dk tZyok s/ Bt/ebk ;EkB fB:s eoBk ukjhJ/.

jo fJe f;Zy f;ZyDh, pZu/ pZuh ~ r[ow[yh gVQ e/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih dk gkm eoBk f;ZyDk ukjhJ/.

jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzE q ;kfjp
ih dk @j[ew# bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bk
fe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D./ ;\o nkfd
n"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBh.

uzrk sK fJj j? fe jo fJe f;Zy nkgDk ;kXkoB gkm ikoh oZy/ s/
wjhB/ d/ wro'I (iK fisB/ ;w/I ftu j' ;e/) G'r gkt/.

gkm nkozG eoB ;w/I gqFkfd fbnk e/ nBzd ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzi
gT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/ gkm wro'I nodk;k eoe/ j[ew
b?Dk ukjhJ/. c/o ig[ ih ;kfjp dk gkm eoBk ukjhJ/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @;kXkoB
gkm# f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wjZssk s/ wo:kdk eh ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kXkoB gkm (153)
AKMf pwT
nyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o;, brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't./ fJ; gqeko nyzv
gkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih s'I
brksko uZbdk oj/.
f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu nyzv gkm f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh wo:kdk
fJT[I fpnkB ehsh rJh j? L

nyzv gkm fe;/ GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48
xzN/ ftu ;zgo
{ B ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu gkm brksko fpBK o'e d/
ehsk iKdk j?. gkm ;k\ s/ F[X
Z j't./ pj[s s/} gVQBk, fi; s'I ;[DB
tkbk e[M ;wM Bk ;e/, r[opkDh dh fBokdoh j?. nZyo wkso dk
fXnkB oZy e/, gkm F[XZ s/ ;k\ eoBk ukjhJ/, Gkt/I ;wK e[M tXhe
bZr ikt/.

nyzv gkm fi; gotko iK ;zrs B/ eoBk j?, T[j nkg eo/, NZpo d/
fe;/ nkdwh, ;ke ;zpX
z h, fwZso nkfd fwb e/ eoB. gkmhnK dh
frDsh w[eo
Z o BjhI.

i/ e'Jh nkdwh nkg gkm BjhI eo ;edk sK fe;/ uzr/ gkmh e'bI' ;[D
bt/, go fJj Bk j't/ fe gkmh nkg/ fJeZbk pfj e/ gkm eodk oj/ s/
;zrs iK NZpo dk e'Jh nkdwh Bk ;[Ddk j't./ gkmh dh :Ek-Fefs
G'iB p;so nkfd Bkb :'r ;/tk ehsh ikt/.

nyzv gkm iK j'o fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/ e[G
z , i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDk
iK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'o pkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.
nyzv gkm dk nozG L—nyzv gkm t/b/ eVkj gqFkfd j't,/ c/o nBzd
;kfjp (S/ gT[VhnK) dk gkm eoB wr'I nodk; eo e/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/
gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu @nyzv gkm#
f;ob/y j/m fJ; dh eh wo:kdk ;wMkJh rJh j? <
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(154) r[owfs frnkB
Bog
G'r s'I Gkt ;wkgsh iK nzs j?. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ ;kXkoB
gkm iK nyzv gkm dh ;wkgsh dh wo:kdk eh j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk
ftu G'r f;ob/y j/m fJ; soQK ;wMkJh rJh j? L

;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[d
z ktDh
T[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.
(fJ; rZb pkps gzE #u ni/ se wsG/d j?, fJ; bJh okrwkbk s'I
fpBK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh phV fbyD iK SkgD dk jhnk e'Jh
Bk eo/). fJ; s'I T[gs
qz nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;k
ehsk ikt/ s/ eVkj gqFkfd toskfJnk ikt/.

G'r ;w/I ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh b'V nB[;ko o[wkb, u"o, ukBDh
nkfd dh G/Nk ns/ gzEe ekoiK bJh :Ek-Fefs @nodk;# eokJh
ikt/.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) G'r s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu ;kXkoB gkm s/ nyzv
gkm d/ G'r dh eh wo:kdk j? <

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp dh eh wjZssk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy Xow ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp nB/eK jh noEK ~ gqrN eodk
j?. GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ fbfynk, @r[od[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK
bJh ;e{b, nksw ifrnk;{nK bJh frnkB T[gd/Fe, o'rhnK bJh
;\k]kBk, G[fZ ynK bJh nzBg{oDk, fJ;soh iks dh gZs bJh b'jwJh
d[or ns/ w[;k\oK bJh ftFokw n;EkB j?.
gqFB 2 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o tX/o/ ed'I jzd
[ k j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[opkDh dk n;o ;kX ;zrs #u
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
G'r (155)
p?fmnK tX/o/ jzd
[ k j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy bJh T[fus j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK d/
i'V-w/b d/ n;EkBK-r[od[nkfonK d/ doFB eo/ s/ ;kX ;zrs ftu
p?m e/ r[opkDh s'I bkG T[mkt/.
gqFB 3 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/
nkosh eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko X{g iK dht/ wuk e/ nkosh eoBh, G'r
bkT[Dk, i'sK irkT[DhnK, NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd eow r[owfs
nB[;ko BjhI. jK, ;EkB ~ ;[rfz Xs eoB bJh c[b
Z , X{g nkfd
;[rX
z hnK tosDhnK fttofis BjhI. ewo/ nzdo o"FBh bJh s/b, xh
iK w'wpZsh, fpibh, b?Ig nkfd irk b?D/ ukjhd/ jB.
gqFB 4 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu p?mD tkfbnK bJh eh
T[gd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;zrs ftu p?mD bJh Gh f;Zy-nf;Zy, S{s-Sks, iks-gks, T{u-Bhu
dk Gow iK ftseok BjhI eoBk. fe;/ wB[y
Z dk ;fsr[oK d/ gqekF ;w/I
iK ;zrs ftu rd/bk, nk;D, e[o;h, u"eh iK wzik nkfd bk e/ p?mDk
iK fe;/ j'o ftseo/ Bkb p?mDk wBwZs j?. ;zrs ftu iK ;fsr[oK d/
gqekF ;w/I fe;/ f;Zy ~ Bzr/ f;o BjhI p?mDk ukjhdk. ;zrs ftu f;Zy
fJ;sohnK bJh godk eoBk iK x[v
z eZYDk r[owfs fto[X
Z j?.
gqFB 5 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe ;w/I fejVh fJe' rZb
j'Dh ukjhdh j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;zrs ftu fJe tes fJe' rZb j'Dh
ukjhJ/—ehosB iK eEk ftfynkB iK gkm.
gqFB 6 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko j[ewBkwk b?D ;zpX
z h eh nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L @j[ew# b?D bZfrnK yZp/ gzB/ d/ T[sb/ gkf;UI gfjbk Fpd i' ikoh
j?, w[Y
Z s'I gVQBk ukjhJ/. i/ T[; Fpd dk w[Y
Z fgSb/ gzB/ s'I F[o{ j[d
z k
j? sK gZsok gos e/ gVQBk F[o{ eo' ns/ Fpd ;kok gVQ.' i/ tko j't/
sK gT[Vh d/ ;ko/ ;b'e s/ gT[Vh gVQBh ukjhJ/. Fpd d/ nzs ftu
fiE/ @BkBe# Bkw nk ikt/ T[; s[e #s/ G'r gkfJnk ikt/.
gqFB 7 L ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;zyg
/ FpdK ftu fijVk gkm, id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih s'I eo fbnk ikt/, T[; ~ ;kXkoB gkm iK ;fji gkm fejk iKdk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(156) r[owfs frnkB
j?. fJ; soQK n;hI ;fji Bkb r[opkDh dk F[X
Z T[ukoB, FpdK d/ Gkt
noE ns/ r[opkDh T[gd/F ~ tXhnk Yzr Bkb ;wM ;ed/ jK.
gqFB 8 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko jo/e f;Zy bJh nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd
SeD s'I gfjbK eh eoB dk nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L jo fJe f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ gqFkd SeD s'I gfjbK ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp
ih dk j[ew bt/. i/ fJ; ftu T[ekJh j' ikt/ sK fdB ftu fe;/ Bk
fe;/ t/b/ }o{o ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp dk gkm eo/ iK ;[D./ ;\o nkfd
n"eV t/b/ doFB eoB s'I n;woZE j't/ sK Fzek BjhI eoBk.
gqFB 9 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoB
dh eh ftXh j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kXkoB gkm^nyzv gkm gqkozG eoB t/b/ eVkj gqFkd fbnk e/,
c/o nBzd[ ;kfjp (gfjbhnK gzi gT[VhnK s/ fJe nzsbh gT[Vh) d/
gkm wro'I nodk; eoe/ ns/ @j[ew# b? e/ gkm dk nkozG ehsk ikt/.
gqFB 10 L nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko fJ;
dh eh wo:kdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L nyzv s'I Gkt j?, fJe o; brksko i' yzfvs Bk j't./ fJ; gqeko nyzv
gkm, T[j gkm j? i' gqkozG s'I b? e/ G'r g?D se ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih
s'I brksko uZbdk oj/. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm fe;/
GhV iK T[sFkj t/b/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJj seohpB 48 xzN/ ftu ;zgo
{ B
ehsk iKdk j?.
gqFB 11 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm d/ ;w/I e[G
z , i's oZyD
;pzXh eh ftuko jB <
T[& s
Z o L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko nyzv gkm iK fe;/ soQK d/ gkm t/b/
e[G
z , i's, BbhJ/o nkfd oZyDk iK Bkb-Bkb iK ftu ftu fe;/ j'o
pkDh dk gkm ikoh oZyDk wBwZs j?.
gqFB 12 L f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;kXkoB iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dh
eh wo:kdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp ih d/ gkm (;kXkoB iK nyzv) dk G'r w[d
z ktDh
T[s/ iK okrwkbk gVQ e/ ubdh ;EkBe ohsh nB[;ko gkfJnk ikt/.
fJ; s'I T[gs
qz nBzd ;kfjp dk gkm eo e/ G'r dk nodk;k ehsk ikt/
s/ eVkj gqFkd toskfJnk ikt/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;zyg
/ gqFB - T[&&Zso (157)
ikrq krnI
fJj nNZb ;ZukJh j? fe i/ eo f;Zy Xow dh ;w[u
Z h f;Zfynk ~ fJe
fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB,
Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD dk Bkw j?. fJe f;Zy d/ ihtB ftu fszBK dk jh
ftF/F ;EkB j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[y
Z T[gd/F
th fejk iKdk j?. fJjBK ftu'I feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.
feos s'I Gkt ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?.
feos eoBh T[; nekb g[oy dk eoskoh r[D j?. T[j ;ko/ jh gk;ko/
dk eosk j'D eoe/ fJe tZvk feosh j?. T[; eos/ dh feos ftu Bk fdB
Bk oks, Bk e'Jh S[N
Z h s/ Bk e'Jh n?stko j?. nekb g[oy ouBk ekb d/
nkfd s'I b? e/ fJe gb th ftjbk BjhI s/ ;dk jh ikrdk j?. f;Zy Xow d/
pkBh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ T[; nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ jh nB[Gt
eoe/ T[; ~ eosk iK eosko fejk j?. wB[y
Z T[; eosko dh nzF j?. fJ;
gqeko fJ; d/ bJh feos eoBh }o{oh j? iK fJzM efj bJhJ/ fe fJ; d/ tk;s/
feos eoBh Xow fBGkT[Dk s/ Xowh j'Dk j?. fco sK ;gZFN j? fe oZp ~
wzBD tkbk ftjbV, ezw u'o s/ fBezwk BjhI j' ;edk ns/ i/ eo j? sK fco
T[j oZp ~ wzBD tkbk BjhI j' ;edk. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk c[owkB j? L
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ– BkBe[ okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ–
(gz B k 1245)

Gkt i' xkfb-feos ewkJh eoe/ nkgDk ihtB fBopkj eodk j?


ns/ tzv e/ Sedk j?, n;b Xow dk okj T[; B/ gfjukfDnK j?.
fJ; bJh feos eoB tkb/ dk p/jd
Z ;fseko ehsk frnk j? ns/
ftjbV iK fBezw/ ~ Xow s/ ;wki bJh p'M fejk j?. r[o c[owkB j? L
r[o gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ– sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ–
(gz B k 1245)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(158) r[owfs frnkB
Gkt e'Jh nkgD/ nkg ~ r[o{ gho nytk fojk j't,/ go wzr e/ yKdk
j't/ sK ;fsr[o{ ;[us
/ eod/ jB fe nfij/ F]; dh f;Zfynk BjhI ;[DBh iK
uoBhI BjhI bZrDk, feT[Ife fJj ;wki bJh p'M j?. f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko ftu
feos iK fwjBs ;t?wkD dk gqshe j? ns/ Ghy wzrDK, d{finK dh
fwjBs dh b[N
Z iK ftjbVg[Dk nkfd ;G fBzdD:'r s/ xNhnk eow
wzfBnK frnk j?.

j[D nrbk ;tkb j' ;edk j? fe feos eoBh fejVh j? < feos
nB/e gqeko dh j?. fe;kB dk y/sh eoBk feos j?, w}d{o dk w}d{oh
eoBk feos j?, w[bk}w dk w[bk}ws eoBk feos j?, fJe gqukoe dk
gquko eoBk feos j? ns/ fJe ftfdnkoEh bJh gVQkJh eoBk th feos j?.
fJjBK ftu'I fijVk th fpBk T[dw ehfsnK \b dh nk; oZydk j?, T[j
feos dh GktBk ~ BjhI ;wM fojk j?. n;hI o'}kBk jh nk;k eh tko ftu
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ puB ;otD eod/ jK s/ gzikph b'e ne;o jh
p'bd/ jB L
nkgD jEh nkgDk nkg/ jh eki[ ;tkohn?–
(gz B k 474)

fJ; bJh n;hI d;K Bj[n


z K dh feos eoBh j?, fi; ftu X'yk, co/p,
mZrh, m{r
z k, p/JhwkBh s/ fwbktNy'oh Bk j't,/ ;r'I JhwkBdkoh s/ ;wofgs
GktBk j't./ fe;/ Bkb X'yk eoe/ iK }[bw eoe/ ewkfJnk j'fJnk XB ed/
th ;[y
Z BjhI fdzdk. nfij/ XB gqsh r[o{ ih ;[us
/ eod/ jB L
gkgk pkMj[ j't? Bkjh w[fJnk ;kfE B ikJh–
(gz B k 417)

fJ; bJh n;hI Xow dh feos eoBh j?. Xow dh feos iK ;Zuh
feos ;zpX
z h n;hI fJe s;tho ne;o d/yd/ jK. ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/
fJe jZE ftu GkJh bkb' dh e'Xo/ dh o'Nh #u'I d[X
Z Nge fojk ns/ d{i/ jZE
ftu wbe Gkr' d/ getkBK ftu'I bj{ Nge fojk j?. fJj r[o{ ih dh Gkt/I
n;bh s;tho BjhI j?, go i' d'jK jZEK ftu'I ;zdF
/ fdZsk j? T[j ;Zuh feos
dh ftnkfynk dk ewkb j?. bj{ s'I Gkt fpBk fwjBs s'I pDk e/ ykX/ iKd/
getkB p[fonkJh s/ p/rkBk ]{B ghD d/ gqshe jB. d[X
Z s'I Gkt j? fe ;Zuh
feos d[X
Z d/ ;wkB j?, fi; ftu gftZsosk, skes, Xow s/ ;zd
[ osk j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
feos eoBh (159)
fJ; ;zpX
z ftu n;hI r[opkDh dh gzesh ne;o jh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L
i/ os[ br? egV? ikwk j'fJ gbhs[–
i' os[ ghtfj wkD;k fsB feT[ fBowb[ uhs[–
(gz B k 140)

Gkt i/ eo eZgfVnK ~ ]{B bZr ikt/ sK wB[y


Z h ikwk rzdk fejk
iKdk j? sK fco wB[y
Z K dk ]{B ghD tkbk fet/I gftZso iK fBowb nytk
;edk j?. ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh pkDh ftu feos ;zpX
z h nB/e c[owkB
jB ns/ d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJ; ;wki ~ ;Zuh feos eoB bJh g/fq onk
j?.

fJ; bJh wkBtsk dh soZeh bJh feos }o{oh j?. wB[y


Z h ;wki s/ gF{
gzShnK d/ ;wki ftu fJe tZvk nzso fJjh j?. gF{ nkg e'Jh feos BjhI eod/
iK T[jBK dh feos nkgDk fYZv GoB se ;hws ofjzdh j?. fco th ehVhnK
dh bkJhB d/y,' jw/FK jh e[M eo ojhnK jB. Ffjd dhnK wZyhnK Ffjd
dh sbkF ftu bZrhnK jzd
[ hnK jB s/ j'o gF{-gzSh fJXo-T[Xo joes eo
oj/ jB. wB[y
Z ;kohnK i{BK dk ;odko j? s/ ;odkoK d/ \o} ;dk jh tZv/
jzd
[ / jB. wB[y
Z ekdo dh e[dos ~ tZX ;wMdk j?. fJj T[; eos/ dh T[& s
Z w
feos j?. fJ; ftu nkb; s/ fBezwkgD fpbe[b BjhI j'Dk ukjhdk.

f;nkfDnK dk eEB j?, @joes ftu poes# iK fco T[& d


Z w nZr/
bZSwh gZy/ nZr/ gT[D. fJj ;G ftuko feos eoB bJh g/o
q d/ jB. f;Zy
Xow ftu feos dk ;zp
z X
z nfXnksfwe ihtB Bkb th j?, fJj e/tb
gdkoEe bkG se jh ;hws BjhI j?. fJj oZph j[ew j? fe n;hI feos
eohJ/, feT[Ife oZp ;dk jh fefonkFhb j?. i' nkdwh feos BjhI eod/ T[j
nkgD/ ;oho ~ th szdo[;s BjhI oZy ;ed/. feosh wB[y
Z seVk s/ szdo[;s
ofjzdk j?. feos wB[y
Z ~ ftF/ ftekoK s'I pukT[Idh j?. nkgDh soZeh s/
uVQdh ebk ftu ofjD bJh feos eoBh }o{oh j?. i/ eo ;ko/ b'e ;Zuh
feos eoB sK pj[s ;kohnK ;wkfie p[okJhnK ibdh d{o j' ;edhnK
jB. sZs;ko ti'I wB[y
Z d/ ihtB dhnK fszB tZvhnK FeshnK jB, @T[jdk
;oho seVk j't,/ wB ;[u
Z k s/ T[gekoh j't/ ns/ T[j fJZ}s Bkb f}zdrh
iht/. fJBQK fszBK jh FeshnK dk w[y
Z nXko @feos# j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(160) r[owfs frnkB
nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—
(T) @feos eoBh# ftF/ T[& g
Z o r[owfs d/ B}ohJ/ s'I ukBDk gkU <

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;Zy Xow dh ;w[u
Z h f;Zfynk ~ fJe fceo/ ftu dZ;Dk j't/ sK eh
fejk ik ;edk j? <
T[& s
Z o L fejk ik ;edk j? fe f;Zyh—feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD
dk Bkw j?. fJjBK fszBK ~ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fszB w[y
Z T[gd/F
th fejk iKdk j?.
gqFB 2 L feos s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L feos s'I Gkt—ezw, eow, fwjBs iK xkb ewkJh j?. fszB w[y
Z
T[gd/FK ftu feos ~ ;G s'I gfjbk ;EkB jk;b j?.
gqFB 3 L ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ nekb g[oy ~ eosk iK eosko feT[I
fejk j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[o{ ih B/ nekb g[oy d/ feosh ;[Gkn ~ nB[Gt eoe/ T[; ~ eosk
iK eosko fejk j?. wB[y
Z T[; eosko dh nzF j? s/ fJ; d/ bJh feos
eoBh nkgDk Xow fBGkT[Dk j?.
gqFB 4 L feosh wB[y
Z szdo[;s feT[I ofjzdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;nkfDnK dk eEB j?, @joes ftu poes#. i' wB[y
Z feos BjhI
eod/, T[j nkgD/ ;oho ~ th szdo[;s BjhI oZy ;ed/. fJ; bJh
feosh wB[y
Z seVk s/ szdo[;s ofjzdk j?.
gqFB 5 L wB[y
Z h ihtB dhnK fszB tZvhnK FeshnK fejVhnK jB <
T[& s
Z o L T[; dk ;oho seVk j't,/ wB ;[u
Z k s/ T[gekoh j't/ ns/ T[j fJZ}s
Bkb f}zdrh iht/. fJjBK fszBK jh FeshnK dk w[y
Z nkXko @feos#
j?.

✫✫✫

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
feos eoBh (161)
nwm jpxw
r[owfs dk d{ik w[y
Z T[gd/F j?, @Bkw igDk#. gfjbk T[gd/F feos
eoBh j?. feos eoBh jh fJ; eoe/ j? fe wB[y
Z dk ;oho seVk oj/ ns/
seV/ ;oho Bkb jh Bkw ifgnk ik ;edk j?. feos fJe t;hbk j? i' jo
wB[y
Z bJh }o{oh j? s/ T[; dk ihtB fBFkBk Bkw igDk j?. f;Zy gzE o'}kBk
nodk; ftu dkBk f;o dkB—Bkw dkB dh i'dVh eodk j?.

Bkw eh j? < fe;/ g[oy, ;EkB iK t;s{ ~ fi; ;zfrnk Bkb n;hI
g[ekod/ jK, T[; ~ BkT[I iK Bkw fejk iKdk j?. fJe rZb fXnkB wzrdh
j? fe Bkw r[opkDh ftu e/tb ;zfrnk d/ noEK ftu jh BjhI nkfJnk, ;r'I
Bkw fJe ftnkge Fesh th j?. c[owkB j? L
Bkw e/ Xko/ ;rb/ izs– Bkw e/ Xko/ yzv pqjwzv–
(gz B k 284)

;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ig[ ih ;kfjp ftu c[owkT[Id/ jB L


i/sk ehsk s/sk BkT[– ftD[ Bkt? Bkjh e' EkT[– (gz B k 4)

Gkt fisBk e[S T[; gqG{ dk ofunk j'fJnk j?, T[sBk Bkw j? s/ Bkw
s'I fpBk e'Jh EK BjhI j?. @nk;k eh tko# ftu ;fsr[o{ c[owkT[Id/ jB fe
fBozeko B/ nkg f;qFNh ouBk eoe/ T[; d/ nkozG ftu Bkw ofunk j? L
nkghB? nkg[ ;kfiU nkghB? ofuU BkT[– (gz B k 463)

r[owfs ftu sK T[; wB[y


Z ~ ihts wzfBnK frnk j?, fi; d/ wB ftu
gqG{ dk Bkw j?. fJ; s'I fpBk wB[y
Z ihts BjhI fejk ik ;edk L
;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–
(gz B k 142)

;kv/ ;wki d/ e[M gqshFs b'eK B/ fJj' Bkjok fdZsk fe wB[y


Z dh b'V
e/tb o'Nh, eZgVk, wekB jh j?. fJ; s'I fpBk Bkw, dkB, fJFBkB,
nfXnksfwe ihtB s/ Xow eow dh b'V jh BjhI j?. Gkt/I feos pj[s
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(162) r[owfs frnkB
wjkB j?, go fe;/ wBZy
[ d/ ihtB ftu fJeZbh o'Nh jh g{o/ r[D BjhI g?dk
eo ;edh. feos iK o'Nh se ;hws wB[y
Z b'Gh, co/ph s/ wkfJnk fJeZmh
eoB tkbh wFhB pD e/ ofj ikt/rk. B?fse edoK ehwsK, ;[Eoh ihtB
iku, b'e GbkJh, d:k, fBwosk, goT[geko dh GktBk g?dk eoB bJh
Grsh dh th b'V j?. G'iB sB dh b'V j? s/ GiB wB dh b'V j?. j[D
;tkb j? fe e'Jh wB[y
Z d;K Bj[n
z K dh feos th eodk j't,/ p/JhwkBh th
Bk eo/, sK eh T[; ~ th Bkw igD dh b'V j? <
fJ; ;tkb dk itkp n;hI ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk;
ftu'I b?Id/ jK. gfjbh T[dk;h t/b/ r[o{ ih GkJh bkb' d/ xo rJ/ ns/
c[owkfJnk fe GkJh bkb' ! ;koh T[wo feZb/ jh xVdk oj/Irk fe wB th
xV/Irk. GkJh bkb' ih sK ;Zuh feos eod/ ;B. go r[o{ ih B/ c[owkfJnk
fe feos d/ Bkb Bkb eos/ dk Bkw igDk th }o{oh j?. f;Zy Xow B/ feos
Bkb ehosh ~ i'fVnk j?. ;oho dh szdo[;sh s/ ihts ofjD bJh feos
eoBh fJe ;kXB j?, go ihtB wB'oE Bkw igDk j?. GkJh bkb' ih tkbh
;kyh pj[s tZvk T[gd/F j?.
;kv/ ;wki dk pj[sk tor XB wkb fJeZmk eoB ~ jh ihtB dh
nzsw gqkgsh wzBh p?mk j?. fJ;/ bJh fJZehthI ;dh ftu ;G s'I tZX wkBf;e
o'rh jB. pj[s/ o'rh th T[j jB fiBQK gk; ykX gdkoE th pj[s jB. wB
B/ fNeDk j? Bkw igD Bkb s/ Bkw igD ~ pj[sk tor ;wK jh BjhI
fdzdk. ;ob FpdK ftu ;wMDk j't/ sK ni'e/ :[r ftu sB dh y[oke s/ jko
fFzrko dh g{oh d"V bZrh j'Jh j?, go wB dh y[oke s/ fFzrko dk f]nkb
jh BjhI j?. wB dh y[oke Bkw j? s/ fJ; dk fFzrko th eos/ d/ f;woB Bkb
j'Dk j?. n;hI ojokf; pkDh ftu gVQd/ jK L
BkBe Bkw[ fwb? sK ihtK sB[ wB[ Eht? jfonk–
(gz B k 1429)

iK fco nBzd[ ;kfjp pkDh ftu id gVQd/ jK sK ;zdF


/ fwbdk j? L
;kuk Bkw[ w/ok nkXko'
;ku[ Bkw[ nXko[ w/ok fifB G[yk ;fG rtkJhnk– (gz B k 917)

;ZukJh fJj j? fe feos eoB s/ Bkw igD ~ tZy-tZy BjhI ;wMDk,


;r'I fJj fJe jB. r[opkDh ftu d' GrsK dk tkoskbkg j? L

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bkw ikgDk (163)
Bkwk ej? fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–
jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb– (gz B k 1376)

Gkt nkgDh feos eko eofdnK gqG{ dk f;woB th eoBk j?. Bkw
igfdnK n;hI r[opkDh dk gkm eod/ jK. Fpd Fesh th j? s/ i's th j?.
fJj i's ;dk gqekFwJh j?. Bkw fJe nfijk gqekF j? fi; d/ ekoB wB[y
Z
nfrnkBsk ~ ]sw eoe/ nkswk ~ gqekFwJh eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh jh
wB[y
Z ~ nfj;k; eotkT[Idh j? fe wB[y
Z sk dk ftek; e/tb ;ohoe Fesh
BjhI, ;r'I nzdo{Bh u/sBk dh gfjukD eoBh j?. n;hI o'}kBk ig[ ih ;kfjp
pkDh dk gkm eod/ jK sK fJj' g/o
q Bk fwbdh j? L
Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr– (gz B k 4)

wB[y
Z dh wbhB j'Jh wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso ehsh ik ;edh j?.
Bkw igD Bkb j'o eh jzd
[ k j? < Bkw igD tkb/ ftu jT[w? BjhI ofjzdh.
T[j oZph j[ew nB[;ko ihT{Idk j?. Bkw fjod/ ~ gftZso eodk j?. Bkw
wB[y
Z h wB ~ ;kX e/ F[X
Z eodk j?. Bkw dh Fesh fezBh j? < ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih ikg[ ;kfjp ftu c[owkT[Id/ jB L
Bw' wzsq wzszq– Bw' izsq izszq–
Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szszq– (ikg[ ;kfjp)

Gkt gqG{ dk Bkw wzsoK, izsoK s/ szsoK s'I f;ow"o j?. Bkw jh fJ;NK
f;o fJFN j? Gkt S'N/ S'N/ ebgs d/th-d/ts/, wVQh-w;kD, Xkr/-sths,
N{D/ NkwD, tos, ;okX BjhI wzBD/, feT[Ife gqG{ d/ Bkw dh Fesh nZr/
;G/ jh s[S jB. Bkw dh Fesh dk Go';k wB ftu oZyDk j?.
fJe rZb fXnkB ftu oZyDh fe nZi eZbQ d/jXkoh b'e ezBK #u Bkw dkB
d/D dk tgko eo oj/ jB. f;Zy B/ e/tb ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih dh pkDh T[&g
Z o
fB;uk oZyDk j?. f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko Bkw pkDh dk nfGnk; f;ob/y
j/m doi j? fe, @f;Zy nzfwqs t/b/ (gfjo oks ofjzd)/ ikr e/ fJFBkB eo/ ns/
fJe nekb g[oy dk fXnkB eodk j'fJnk @tkfjr[o#{ Bkw ig/. fBsB/w dk gkm
eo/. fBsB/w dhnK pkDhnK fJj jB—ig[, ikg[ ns/ À¿ ;tZ:/ (;qktr ;[X
tkb/)—fJj pkDhnK nfwqs t/b/ gVQBhnK. ;' do ojokf;—Fkw t/b/ ;{oi v[p
Z /
gVQBh. ;'fjbk fJj pkDh oks ~ ;"D t/b/ gVQBh. nzfwqs t/b/ ns/ ;' do t/b/
d/ fBsB/w s'I T[gozs nodk; eoBh }o{oh j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(164) r[owfs frnkB
Bkw igD tkfbnK dh wfjwk fpnkB eod/ j'J/ r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jB
fe fiBQK B/ gqG{ d/ Bkw ~ fXnkfJnk, T[j nkgDh ewkJh ;\bh eo rJ/.
;fsr[o ih eEB eod/ jB fe Bkw f;woB tkfbnK d/ sK w[y
Z T[ib/ jzd
[ /
jh jB, go T[jBK dh ;zrs eoe/ j'o fezBh d[BhnK iBw-woB d/ r/V s'I
w[es j' iKdh j?. fJj r[otke ;k~ Bkw igD bJh ;[us
/ eodk j? L
fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–
BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb– (gz B k 8)

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) @Bkw igDk# ftF/ ;zpX
z h Gktg{ote ikDekoh fdT.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L r[owfs ftu fe; wB[y
Z ~ ihts wzfBnK frnk j? <
T[& s
Z o L fi; d/ fjod/ ftu gqG{ dk Bkw tf;nk j?. c[owkB j? L-
;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ– BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ–
gqFB 2 L feos eoBh s/ Bkw igDk tZy-tZy BjhI, ;r'I fJe jB. fJ;
;zpX
z h r[opkDh dk c[owkB fdU.
T[& s
Z o L Bkwk ej/ fsb'uBk w[y s/ okw[ ;w_kfb–
jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;fG uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb–
gqFB 3 L gqG{ Bkw dh Fesh ;zpX
z h d;w gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[&&Zso L Bw' wzsq wzs–
zq Bw' izsq izs–
qz Bw' fJ;N fJ;N/– Bw' szsq szs–
qz
gqFB 4 L r[owfs nB[;ko wB[y
Z dh wbhB wZs fet/I gftZso j' ;edh j? <
T[&s
Z o L wB[y
Z dh wbhB wZs Bkw d/ ozr Bkb gftZso j' ;edh j?. c[owkB j? L
Gohn? wfs gkgk e? ;zfr– Uj[ X'g? Bkt? e? ozfr–
gqFB 5 L Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB
ehsh j? <
T[&&&Zso L fiBh Bkw[ fXnkfJnk rJ/ w;efs xkfb–
BkBe s/ w[y T[ib/ e/sh S[Nh Bkfb–
Gkt fiBQK B/ Bkw ifgnk, T[BKQ d/ w[y
Z sK T[ib/ j[d
z / jh jB, go T[BKQ
dh ;zrs eoe/ nB/eK j'o iBw woB d/ r/V s'I w[es j' iKd/ jB.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bkw ikgDk (165)
vMf Ckxw
r[owfs dk shik w[y
Z T[gd/F @tzv SeDk# j?. wB[y
Z ;z;ko ftu ofjzdk
j'fJnk ;Zuh ;[u
Z h feos eo/ s/ feos eodk j'fJnk gqG{ dk Bkw ig/. Bkw
igfdnK T[jdh fJj GktBk gqge
Z j'tr
/ h L
ddk dksk J/e[ j? ;G eT[ d/tBjko–
d/Id/ s'fN B nktJh nrBs Go/ Gzvko– (gz B k 2 5 7 )

Gkt ;G ~ dksK d/D tkbk fJe dksk j? s/ T[; eos/ d/ GzvkfonK ftu
feXo/ s'N BjhI nkT[Idh. T[; eos/ dh o}k #u ofjD tkbk wB[y
Z tzv e/
SeDk nkgDk gow Xow ;wM/rk.

@tzv SeD# s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoe
b'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?. ;fsr[oK
dk c[owkB j? L
@xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ# (gz B k 1245)

Gkt feos eoBh s/ e[M jZEI' d/ e/ tzv e/ th SeDk j?. fJ; Bkb fJe
sK wB[y
Z dh fe;/ Bkb X'yk eoB iK F'FD eoB dh fposh ~ o'e g?Idh j?
ns/ d{;ok i'V i'V e/ nzpko bkT[D dh o[uh ftu pdbkT[ nkT[Idk j?. tzv
SeD Bkb XB gdkoEK gqsh p/bV
' k b'G ]sw jzd
[ k j?, i/ eo p/bV
' k b'G
BjhI sK w'j th xN/r
/ k. w'j xND Bkb jzeko BjhI j'tr
/ k, feT[Ife b'G s/
w'j dk shik o{g jzeko j?. fco jzekfonk s/ jT[w? rq;s pzdk e'X
q h j[d
z k j?.
tzv SeD dh fposh Bkb fJjBK o'rK s'I pudk j? ns/ T[; ftu ;fjisk,
fBwosk s/ dfJnk tZXdh j?. fJe uzr/ ;wki ftu raohp, b'Vtzd, ngkji
s/ o'rh dh ;jkfJsk ;wki s'I tZX e/ e'Jh BjhI eo ;edk.
;z;koe sb #s/ ftuko eohJ/ sK e[M b'e pj[s nwho jB s/ e[M pj[s
rao
a hp jB. eJh tko raohp pzd/ ~ sK o'Nh th BjhI i[Vdh. fJ;/ soQK phwko
~, ngkji s/ e[dosh nk\sK eoe/ N[N
Z / ;wki ~ ;jkfJsk dh b'V jzd
[ h j?.
fJj ;jkfJsk e"D eo/ <

fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu dkB gqDkbh fJ; b'V dh g{osh eodh ;h. dkB
s'I Gkt e'Jh th wB[y
Z , Gkt/I fe;/ soQK th :'r iK n:'r feos eodk ;h sK
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(166) r[owfs frnkB
T[j dkB d/ s"o #s/ d{;fonK ~ fdzdk ;h. dkB eoB tkb/ Gb/ g[oF th ;B
ns/ eJhnK d/ wB ftu jzeko th j' iKdk ;h. f;Zy Xow d/ ;Ekgs j'D s'I
gfjbK Xkofwe d[BhnK ftu fJj ftFtk; fdqVQ ;h fe dkB d/Dk sK oZp d/
yks/ ftu T[Xko gkT[Dk j?, i' eJh r[Dk tZX e/ fco dkB eoB tkb/ ~
fwbdk j?. FkfJd fJ; d/ fgZS/ th GktBk uzrh jh j'trh fe seV/ b'e,
raohpK b'VtzdK dh wdd eoB.

j[D nZrI' b'Vtzd d' gqeko d/ j' rJ/. fJe sK ftuko/ T[j ;B i'
nzrjhD, fe;/ o'r s'I ghVs, bktko; iK fpoX T[wo ftu g/N dh g{osh
eoB i'r/ BjhI ;B. fJj sK jZedko ;B. d{;oh—szdo[;s, ftjbV s/
F?skB b'eK dh T[j iwks g?dk j' rJh i' gkyzv eow eoe/ d[BhnK ~
r[w
z okj eoB bZr gJ/. fJj b'e dkBhnK ~ eJh r[Dk tZX fdtkT[D dk
Go';k fdtkT[Id/ ;B. fJ; dk B[e;kB fJj j'fJnk fe dkB b'VtzdK se
xZN iKdk ;h s/ tZvk fjZ;k gkyzvh b'e b? iKd/ ;B. fJj ;tor-Boe dhnK
rZbK s/ c'eN eow eKvK Bkb nwhoK ~ rzw
[ okj eoe/ dkB ti'I b? b?Id/ ;B.

r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ fJ; soQK dkB d/ ;jko/ gbD tkbh ftjbV iwks s/
;w{j ;wki ~ g/o
q s ehsk fe ;Zuk Xowh T[j j? i' feos eodk, Bkw igdk
s/ tzv e/ Sedk j?. tzv SeDk, dkB eoB Bkb'I tZyo/ Gkt noE oZydk j?.
;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ;[us
/ eod/ jB L
nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[–
nebh gfV_ e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[– (gz B k 1245)

Gkt gqG{ dk f;woB eofdnK s/ dkB eofdnK wB[y


Z dk ;[us
/ j'Dk
}o{oh j?. ftjbV s/ szdo[;s b'eK B/ gkyzv eow eoe/ ;wki ~ jo :[r
Z
ftu pj[s r[w
z okj ehsk j?. nkj Xkr/ sths eoB/, N{D/ NkwD, G{s eZYD/,
Ugoh e;o, okFhnK, N/ftnK d/ Gow, izsoK wzsoK szsoK okjhI nkofEe
b[N
Z ;G ftjbV b'eK dk tZvk tgko j?.

f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ ofjws ehsh s/ r[opkDh ftu fJjBK ;G c'eN


eow eKvK ~ gkyzv eow efj e/ ;wki ~ ;[us
/ ehsk. j[D raohp,
ngkji, o'rh s/ b'Vtzd dh sK }o{os j? fe ;wki T[; dh wdd eo/.
;fsr[oK B/ d;tzX Gkt nkgDh ewkJh dk d;tK fjZ;k b'Vtzd ~ s/ Xow
eow b/y/ bkT[D dh wo:kdk ekfJw ehsh. fJ;/ bJh fbfynk j[d
z k j? fe
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tzv SeDk (167)
rohp dk w{j
z , r[o{ dh r'be j?. fJ; d/ Bkb ;z;ko ~ g/o
q Bk fdZsh fe tzv
e/ SeD Bkb T[; gow fgsk dh fdZsh dks ftu s'N BjhI nkT[Idh, ;r'I
tkXk jh jzd
[ k j?. c[owkD j? L
yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–
(gz B k 186)

fJ; bJh gqG{ fgsk s'I fwbh j'Jh dks wB[y


Z h GkJhuko/ ~ ob fwb e/
]ouDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; f;XKs Bkb ;w{j ;wki dk nkg;h fwbtosD
tXdk j?. dksk sK fJe gqG{ j? s/ ;koh wB[y
Z sk B/ T[; d/ gk;'I jh wzr
eoBh j? L
s{z dksk dksko s/ok fdsk yktDk– (gz B k 6 5 2 )

id'I ;kfonK dk dksk jh fJe j? sK wB[y


Z K ftu dksk s/ fGykoh tkbh
;'u jh BjhI g?dk j'tr
/ h. fJ; soQK r[owfs B/ fJe gqG{ ~ dksk j'D dk fdqVQ
ftFtk; eotk e/ nkw wB[y
Z d/ wB ftu'I nkg dksk j'D dk M{mk tfjw d{o
ehsk. jo gqeko dh dks T[; gqG{ d/ jZE j? s/ ;kok irs jh fGykoh j? L
irs[ fGykoh fcos[ j? ;G e' dksk okw– (gz B k 1428)

id fJj ;G dks/ dh dks j? sK tzv e/ SeD dh GktBk g?dk j'Jh.


;kv/ ]kb;Jh p'fbnK ftu'I th fJj' ;zdF
/ fwbdk j? fe i/ eo e'Jh ngkji
ftnesh, pkjK s'I ftj{Dk j? sK T[; ~ bZypkjk f;zx fejk iKdk j?. i/ eo
fe;/ dh bZs ftu B[e; j? sK T[; ~ ;[ukbk f;zx s/ B/sojhD ~ ;{owk f;zx
fejk iKdk j?. fJjBK ]kb;Jh p'fbnK ftu th nkFktkd j?. fJjBK ftu'I
fe;/ ~ ;jkfJsk dh b'V sK g? ;edh j?, go gqG{ dk gfotko ;wM e/ eoBh
j?. fJjBK ~ fe;/ ewh dk nfj;k; BjhI j'D d/Dk.

f;Zyh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? fe


r[ow[y ihtB ~ ;\b eoB bJh Xow dh feos eod/ s/ d{finK Bkb tzv
e/ SZed/ Gkt jZEI' d/ e/ Gbk wBkT[Id/ jB L
feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?– (tko S/ t hI)

fJ; bJh wB[y


Z sk T[& g
Z o id th GhV gJh sK f;Zy ;wki B/ phwkoK,
ekb ghVsK s/ ;w{j b'VtzdK dh sB'-wB'-XB' wdd ehsh, feT[Ife r[o{
;kfjpK dh f;Zy ~ fJj wjkB f;Zfynk j?. ;kv/ bzroK ftu Brkok yVeDk
fJ; rZb dk ;[Bj
/ k ;h s/ j? fe e'Jh G[y
Z k Bk oj/.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(168) r[owfs frnkB
nZi th f;Zy ;wki ftu i/ eo jo b'Vtzd dh wdd eoB dh GktBk
j? sK fJ; fgZS/ tzv SeD dh g/o
q Bk Fesh j? i' r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ nkgD/ tko;K
d/ wBK ftu t;kJh j'Jh j?. fJ; bJh f;Zy Xow ~ feos eoB, Bkw igD
s/ tzv SeD d/ ;[Bfjoh f;XKsK B/ ftFt d/ XowK ftu'I w{jobh esko ftu
yV/ j'D dk wkD fdZsk j? s/ tzv SeDk wB[y
Z sk d/ g/w
q dk tZvk ;{so j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) @tzv SeDk ftF/ T[& g
Z o ikDekoh Gog{o b/y fby'.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @tzv SeD# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L tzv SeD s'I Gkt nkgDh feos ewkJh d[nkok nkgDhnK gfotkoe
b'VK ~ g{ok eoB d/ Bkb-Bkb j'o b'VtzdK dh th wdd eoBh j?.
;fsr[oK dk c[owkD j?, @xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.# Gkt feos
eoBh s/ e[M jZEI' d/ e/ tzv SeDk j?.
gqFB 2 L r[opkDh ftZu pzdrh s/ dkB eoB tkfbnK ~ fet/I ;[us
/ ehsk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih dk \[owkD j? L nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?
nebh gkJhn? wkB[– nebh gfV e/ p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[–
Gkt gqG{ dk f;woB s/ dkB eofdnK wB[y
Z dk ;[us
/ j'Dk }o{oh j?.
gqFB 3 L T[; gqG{ dh dks ~ tzv e/ SeD Bkb eh jzd
[ k j? <
T[&s
Z o L ;fsr[oK B/ ;z;ko ~ gqo
/ Bk fdZsh fe tzv e/ SeD Bkb T[; gqG{ dh
dks ftu s'N BjhI nkT[Idh, ;r'I tkXk jh j[d
z k j?. c[owkB j? L
yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh– s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh–
gqFB 4L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ feos eoB s/ tzv e/ SeD ;zpX
z h eh fbfynk j? <
T[& s
Z o L GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? fe r[ow[y ihtB ~ ;\b eoB bJh
Xow dh feos eod/ s/ d{finK Bkb tzv e/ Sed/, Gkt jZEI' d/ e/ Gbk
wBkT[Id/ jB. feofs ftofs efo Xow dh jEj[ d/ e? Gbk wBkt?–
gqFB 5 L f;Zy Xow ~ feos eoB, Bkw igD s/ tzv SeD d/ f;XKsK B/
eh wkD fdZsk <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK d/ p]F/ fJBQK f;XKsK B/ f;Zy Xow ~ ftFt d/ XowK ftu'I
w{jobh esko ftu yV/ j'D dk wkD fdZsk j?. @tzv SeDk# wB[y
Z sk d/
gqw
/ dk tZvk ;{so j?.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tzv SeDk (169)
swD sMgq
r[opkDh ftu ;kX ns/ ;zs Fpd ;wkB noEK ftu nB/e tko nkJ/
jB. ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[& g
Z o uZbD tkb/ Gb/ g[oF s'I j?.
;zrs d/ Fpdh noE jB w/b iK fwb p?mDk. ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eK
dk fwb p?mDk j?.

f;Zy Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs ~ f;Zyh nkuoD dk w[y


Z nXko wzfBnK frnk
j?. jo f;Zy o'}kBk nodk; ftu fJj wzr eodk j? L
;/Jh fgnko/ w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt?.

fJ; bJh r[ow[y fgnkfonK d/ fJeZm dk Bkw jh ;fs;zrs iK ;kX


;zrs j?. ;zrs eh j? ns/ fJ; pko/ eEB eod/ j'J/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih
c[owkT[Id/ jB L
;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?– (gz B k 72)

;fs;zrs iK ;kX ;zrs T[j j? fiZE/ e/tb fJe gqG{ d/ Bkw dh jh


ftuko uouk iK pzdrh j't./ fJ; soQK r[o{ dh feogk Bkb gow gd dh
gqkgsh j[d
z h j? ns/ wB o{gh ;[e
Z h NkjDh th joh j' iKdh j?. fJj ;[e
Z / eZyK
d/ jo/ j'D d/ ;wkB j?. ;fs;zrs dh wfjwk n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh dk
gkm eod/ j'J,/ gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L
w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–
r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk– (gz B k 10)

f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe nkw wB[y


Z dh ihtB xkVs ftu fszB gqeko
d/ ;z;ekoK dk fjZ;k jzd
[ k j?. e[M ;z;eko wB[y
Z nkgD/ wksk-fgsk s'I b?Idk
j?. d{;ok ;wkfie gqkDh j'D eoe/ wB[y
Z d{;o/ dh ;zrs s/ ftukoK dk gqGkt
pj[s ibdh ep{bdk j?. sh;ok fJj fBZih nB[Gt iK s}op/ okjhI nkg/ dk
ftek; eodk j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(170) r[owfs frnkB
j[D fJjBK fszBK ftu'I jh ;zrs dk n;o tX/o/ jzd
[ k j?. wB[y
Z h ihtB
dk nXko T[; d/ ftuko jzd
[ / jB. fJ; gqeko fe;/ wB[y
Z dh ihtB T[;koh
ftu ;zrs dk ftF/F ;EkB jzd
[ k j?. T[sw g[oyK dh ;zrs nksfwe T[Bsh
bJh tZvk ;kXB j?.

;kvk b'e w[jktok j?, @i?;h ;zrs t?;h ozrs#. Grs epho ih sK
wB[y
Z h wB ~ gzSh dh soQK wzBd/ jB. fJj T[v-T[v e/ d; fdFktK tZb iKdk
j?. fi; soQK dk fJ; ~ ;zrs ftu'I ftukoK dk G'iB fwbdk j?, T[;/ soQK
dk j' iKdk j?.
epho wB[ gzyh GfJU T[fv T[fv dj fd; ikfJ–
i' i?;h ;zrfs fwb? ;' s?;' cb[ ykfJ–
(gz B k 1369)

fJ; dk Gkt fe p[oh ;zrs wB[y


Z ~ p[ok pDk fdzdh j? ns/ uzrh ;zrs
s'I uzrk gqGkt ep{b eo b?Idk j?. fJ;/ bJh f;Zy Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs Gkt
T[sw g[oyK dh ;zrs eoB dh g/o
q Bk fdZsh rJh j?. fgS'eV ftu ikJhJ/ sK
fjzd;
[ skB d/ g[okD/ wZsK ftu fBZih iK ftneshrs nkuoD dh T[;koh T[& g
Z o
jh pj[sk }'o fdZsk frnk ;h. foFhnK dk izrbK ftu sg eoBk, i'rhnK dk
;wkXh bk e/ p?mDk, wzdoK ftu f;o\ mke[o iK g[ikoh bJh EK j'Dh fJj ;G
fJ; ftuko d/ gqshe jB fe ;fs;zrs dk o[MkB BjhI ;h. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/
o'}kBk jh ;fs;zrs eoB dk T[gd/F d/ e/ ;wkBsk s/ iwksh nkuoD dh
T[;koh bJh ;/X fdZsh. f;Zy ;zrs ftu fJj F[G
Z GktBk ezw eodh j? fe ;zrs
ftu tkfjr[o{ s/ r[o{ fBtk; eod/ jB. fJj f;XKs f;Zyh dk j? L
ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ tosdk p[Mj[ ;pd thukfo–
(gzBk 1314)

f;Zy Xow ftu wB[y


Z ~ eow :'rh pDkfJnk j?. fJeKs ftu ofjD
Bkb wB e'Jh tX/o/ ekp{ BjhI nkT[Idk. ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zy ~ fJeKs dh EK
;fs;zrs ns/ ;zfBnk; dh EK rqfj;s wkor XkoBk dZf;nk j?. ;fs;zrs
ftu F[G r[D g?dk j[d
z / jB s/ nT[rD d{o jzd
[ / jB.
T{sw ;zrfs T{sw[ j't?– r[D eT[ Xkt? ntrD X't?– (gz B k 414)

;G s'I tZvh rZb fe wBZy


[ h wB FhF/ dh soQK j?. fJ; ftu fijk neF
gt/rk T[j' fijk jh fdZ;r
/ k. iK efj bT[ wB[y
Z h wB gkDh dh soQK j?, fJ;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kX ;zrs (171)
ftu e'Jh ozr x'b fdT[, T[;/ dk o{g jh j' ikt/rk. fJ;/ bJh ;kX ;zrs eoB
dh tko-tko g/o
q Bk ehsh rJh j?. eJh tko wB[y
Z uzrk jzd
[ k j? s/ nBikD/
ftu ;zrs p[oh j' ikt/ sK T[; dk B[e;kB j' iKdk j?. fJ; ~ e[;r
z s dh
wko fejk iKdk j?. Grs epho ih B/ fJe ;b'e ftu nfijk jh o{ge
fusfonk j? fe p/oh d/ o[y
Z gk; T[r/ j'J/ e/b
/ / d/ p{N/ dk eh jkb jzd
[ k j?. p/oh
jtk uZbh s'I M{bdh j? s/ T[; d/ ezfvnK Bkb e/b/ d/ e'wb gZs/ uho/ iKd/
jB. fJ;/ soQK uzr/ wB[y
Z dk eJh tko G?V/ wB[y
Z gk; p?mD Bkb jh B[e;kB
j' iKdk j?. c[owkD j? L
epho wkoh woT[ e[;zr eh e/b/ fBeN i[ p/fo–
T[j M{b? T[j uhohn? ;kes ;zr[ B j/fo– (gz B k 1369)

fJ;/ bJh Gb/ g[oFK B/ gziK dh ;zrs s'I tofink j?. M{m/ nkdwh dh
;zrs Bk eo', X'yk d/tr
/ k. d{ik w{oy dh ;zrs s'I pu', B[e;kB jh j'tr
/ k.
shik ezi;
{ dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j wB dk em'o jzd
[ k j?. u"Ek ekfJo iK
vog'e dh ;zrs Bk eo', T[j s[jk~ Yfjzdh ebk tkbk pDk d/tr
/ k. gzitK
d[FN dh ;zrs s'I pu', T[j fe;/ dk Gbk BjhI eo ;edk. fJ; d/ Bkb ;w{j
ftfdnkoEhnK bJh }o{oh j? fe T[j fe;/ BF/Vh, fBezw/, BbkfJe,
Bk;fse s/ BKjtkuh ;'u tkb/ dh G[b
Z e/ th ;zrs Bk eoB. d{i/ gk;/ Gb/
b'eK dh ;zrs eoB Bkb ;wki ftu, gfotko ftu s/ ;z;ko ftu F'Gk
fwbdh j?.

fJ; bJh id'I th ;wK fwb/ ;fs;zrs }o{o eoBh j?. ;kX ;zrs eoBh
nkgDk ftek; j?. wB[y
Z d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/ S{s Sks d/
Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[d
z k j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/ ;wM nkT[Idh j?
fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQK d:k, Xow, FoXk,
GktBk ftu gqge
Z sk nkT[Idh j?. wB[y
Z sk dk fJeZm/ fwb e/ p?mDk jh tZvk
ftek; j?. @J/e B{o s/ ;fG ir T[gfink# ns/ @wkB; eh ikfs ;p? J/e?
gfjukBp'# dhnK F[G
Z GktBktK ;kX ;zrs ftu jh gqge
Z jzd
[ hnK jB. f;Zy
Xow ftu ;kX ;zrs nksfwe T[Bsh, ;wkfie soZeh s/ ;KM/ e"wh ihtB
dh T[;koh bJh nZs }o{oh j?. fJ;/ ;zpX
z h ;fsr[o{ gzuw gksFkj ih dk
T[gd/F j? L

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(172) r[owfs frnkB
fp;fo rJh ;G skfs gokJh– ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– 1 ojkT[–
Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–
(gz B k 1299)

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) @;kX ;zrs# dh wjkBsk ;zpX
z h ukBDk gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @;kX ;zrs# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX iK ;kX{ s'I Gkt Xow d/ o;s/ T[& g
Z o ubD tkb/ T[jBK Gb/
g[oFK s'I j? fiBQK B/ nkgDhnK frnkB s/ eow fJzdohnK ~ ;kfXnk
j'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh ;kX ;zrs s'I Gkt T[sw b'eK dh ;zrs j?.
gqFB 2 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s ;zrs fe; ~ fejk iKdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs T[j j? fiZE/ e/tb gqG{ d/ Bkw dh jh ftuko
uouk iK pzdrh j't./ c[owkB j? L
;s;zrfs e?;h ikDhn?– fiE? J/e' Bkw[ tykDhn?–
gqFB 3 L ;kX ;zrs iK ;s;zrs dh wfjwk ;pzXh n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh
ftu eh gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK <
T[& s
Z o L fJ; ;zpX
z h n;hI o'}kBk ojokf; pkDh ftu gVQd/ s/ ;[Dd/ jK L
w/o/ wkXT[ ih ;s;zrfs fwb/ ;[ sfonk–
r[o go;kfd gow gd[ gkfJnk ;{e/ ek;N jfonk–
gqFB 4 L @;kX ;zrs# eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[y
Z d/ ftukoK ftu'I iks gks, T{u Bhu s/
S{s Sks d/ Gow s/ ftseok d{o j[d
z k j?. ;kX ;zrs ftu fBwosk s/
;wM nkT[Idh j? fe n;hI ;ko/ fJe gowkswk dh ;zskB jK. fJ; soQK
d:k, Xow, FoXk s/ GktBk ftu gqge
Z sk nkT[Idh j?.
gqFB 5 L @;kX ;zrs# dh wfjwk ;zpX
z h gzuw gksFkj ih dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;kX ;zrs dh wfjwK ;zpX
z h ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L
fp;fo rJh ;fG skfs gokJh–
ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh– À– ojkT[–
Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB nkJh–
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kX ;zrs (173)
ismrn
f;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu
t;k e/ T[jBK r[DK ~ tko-tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{
fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?. fJe rZb ftukoB tkbh j? fe e'Jh th fe;/
~ ed'I :kd eodk j? < T[j T[; ;w/I eodk j? id'I T[; ~ wfj;{; j't/ fe
w?I T[; gk;'I ftSfVnk j'fJnk jK. i/ eo ftS'V/ dk jh nfj;k; BjhI sK :kd
iK f;woB eoB dh }o{os jh ]sw j' iKdh j?. fJ;/ bJh fpoj'I iK ftS'V/
~ ;[bskB fejk frnk j?. pkpk \ohd ih c[owT[Id/ jB L
fpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[–
cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[–
(gz B k 1379)

Gkt fi; ;oho ftu gG{ ftS'V/ dk nfj;k; jh BjhI, T[j sK fco
FwFkB xkN dh soQK j?.

j[D ;tkb fJj j'tr


/ k fe f;woB dh b'V feT[I j? < r[owfs nB[;ko
nkswk, gowkswk dk nzF j?. fJj ;kro ftu'I gkDh dh p{d
z d/ tZyok j' ikD
tKr gow nkswk s'I nbZr j' rJh j?. fJj i[dk j'Jh nkswk ~ ;z;ko d/ o;K
e;K o{gh wkfJnk B/ J/Bk gqGkts eo fbnk j? fe fJj nkgD/ n;b/ ~ G[b
Z
rJh j?. fJ; bJh r[opkDh ftu wB[y
Z ~ g/fq onk frnk j? L
wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[–
(gz B k 441)

fJ; bJh nkgDk w{b gfjukD e/ gqG{ Bkb fbt i'VB bJh f;woB
}o{oh j?. ftS'V/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?. :kd eoBk iK
f;woB fJe nfijh Fesh j?, fi; dk T[& s
Z o fJfsjk;e ;kyhnK ftu th
fwbdk j?. p/p/ BkBeh ih dh fBZxh :kd ;qh r[o{ BkBe gksFkj ih ~
prdkd ftu p?m/ g/o
q Bk d/ ojh j? s/ T[j c[owkT[Id/ jB fe wodkfBnK !
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(174) r[owfs frnkB
p/p/ :kd eodh j?. f;woB nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe r[gs Fesh j?, fi; Bkb
nksfwe pb gqkgs jzd
[ k j?. ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk
c[owkB j? L
f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[–
efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–
(gz B k 262)

Gkt gowkswk ~ f;wo' s/ f;woB eo-eo e/ ;[y


Z K dh gqkgsh eo'.
f;woB Bkb ;oho d/ d[y
Z s/ eFN fwNd/ jB. f;woB dh fJ; bJh th
}o{os j? fe fi; dk n;hI f;woB eoBk j?, T[j tZvk ;woZE j?. f;woB
Bkb T[; tZv/ dks/ dh p]fFF s/ nkgDh s[Ssk dk nfj;k; jzd
[ k j?. fJ;
Bkb fBwosk s/ jbhwh nkT[Idh j? ns/ wB[y
Z ;fs-;zsy
' fij/ r[DK dk
XkoBh j[d
z k j?. f;woB ftu ;kXe J/Bk wrB j' iKdk j? fe T[j ;z;koe
ezw eko eodk j'fJnk th f;woB eoh iKdk j?. r[opkDh ftu f;woB pko/
p/ns
z gzeshnK jB.
s?v/ f;wofD jG[ feS[ bXw[ fpyw[ B fvmw[ e'Jh–
(gz B k 520)

Gkt, j/ gqG{ ! s/o/ f;woB Bkb ;G e[S gqkgs j'fJnk j? ns/ e'Jh
w[Feb BjhI nkJh. fJ; bJh f;woB dh Fesh ~ ;wMDk }o{oh j?.

j[D f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. w[y
Z rZb
T[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk.
fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJh wB[y
Z ;ktXkB BjhI j'tr
/ k. c[owkB j? L
efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk wB sB GJ/ no'rk–
(gz B k 611)

Gkt gfjbK fJFBkB eoBk s/ fco f;woB eoBk j?. fJ; gqeko wB
s/ sB no'r ofjzd/ jB. sB dh gftZsosk bJh gkDh j? ns/ wB dh
gftZsosk bJh pkDh j?. fJj ftukoB tkbk B[esk j? fe e[dos dh jo
t;s fJe gZe/ fB:w ftu j?. ;' nkgD/ wB ~ fJe gZe/ f]nkb #s/ fNekT[Dk
j?, fi; ~ Go';k fejk iKdk j?. fi; dk f;woB eoBk j? T[; T[g
z o Fzek
BjhI eoBk. pj[s/ b'e FzfenK ftu g? rJ/ jB ns/ Fze/ tkb/ dk Go';k gZek
BjhI j' ;edk. fJ;/ bJh n;hI o'}kBk nodk; ftu Go';k dkB wzrd/ jK.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;woB (175)
Go';/ tkb/ dk fjodk g[eko T[mdk j? L
xfo pkjfo s/ok Gotk;k s{ iB e? j? ;zfr–
(gz B k 677)

;' ;kXe dh fJj gqshs gZeh j't/ fe @s{ w/ok okyk ;GBh EkJhI.# r[o
Fpd ftu jo gqeko d/ Gow ~ eZN d/D dh Fesh j?. r[o Fpd okjhI
frnkB o{gh ukBD j[d
z k j?. j[D frnkB j'D ns/ fjod/ nzdo gqekF j'D
ftu tZvk \oe j?. fJe j? ikBDk s/ d{ik j? wkBDk. fit/I yzv fwZmh j?, fJj
ikBDk j? ns/ yzv w{j
z ftu gk bJh, fJj wkBDk j?. gqG{ d/ f;woB ~ wkBD
bJh ;fsr[oK B/ p/ns
z tko g/o
q Bk ehsh j? L
;kf; ;kf; f;woj[ r'fpzd– wB nzso eh T[so? fuzd–
(gz B k 295)

T[; dh wfjwk ~ tko-tko rkT[Dk jh f;woB j?. f;woB eoB Bkb


j[ewh pzdk pD iKdk j?. f;woB eoB tkbk ;zsy
' h jzd
[ k j?. ;zsy
' h wB[y
Z
;dk goT[gekoh j[d
z k j?.
gqG eT[ f;wofj ;/ goT[gekoh–
(gz B k 263)

goT[gekoh wB[y
Z jo EK wkD gkT[Idk j?. f;woB tkb/ ~ id ;z;ko
dh jo/e dks d/ fgZS,/ dksk B}o nkt/ sK T[; dk F[eokBk eodk j'fJnk,
nksfwe ftek; tZb iKdk j?. sZs;ko ti'I jo wB[y
Z nkgD/ ;[Gkn s/ ftukoK
Bkb ftek; eodk j?. r[o{ ih c[owkT[Id/ jB fe fi; B/ gqG{ ~ f;wfonk,
T[j T[j' fijk jh j' iKdk j?.
i?;k ;/t? s?;' j'fJ– (gz B k 2 2 3 )

nekb g[oy dk ;o{g ;fsr[oK B/ w{b wzso ftu fpnkB ehsk j?. T[j
gqG{ fJe j? ns/ fBoGT[ s/ fBot?o j?. j[D i/ eo T[; dk f;woB eoB tkb/
wBZy
[ ftu fJj r[D j'Dr/ sK ;kv/ p/bV
' / vo s/ p/bV
' / t?o nkgD/ nkg jh
]sw j' ikDr/. ;ops dk Gbk j'tr
/ k. f;woB tkbk fe;/ dk p[ok BjhI eo
;edk, feT[Ife T[j jo fjod/ ftu gqG{ ~ d/ydk j?. fJ; bJh fBsB/w s'I
fJbktk fe;/ r[opkDh d/ Fpd okjhI, w{b wzso d/ gkm iK tkfjr[o{ d/
f;woB Bkb T[; eos/ ~ :kd eoBk f;woB dk ;ob ;kXB j?. wB[y
Z dh
fdwkrah Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jzd
[ k
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(176) r[owfs frnkB
j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqge
Z jzd
[ h j?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;,
frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk ;dk ftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) @f;woB# ;zpX
z h r[owfs dh o"FBh ftu ukBDk gkU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L f;woB s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;woB s'I Gkt :kd eoBk j?. T[; tkfjr[o{ d/ r[DK ~ wB ftu t;k
e/ T[; d/ Bkw ~ tko tko :kd eoBk f;woB j?. r[owfs nB[;ko gqG{
fwbkg dh ;jh ftXh f;woB j?.
gqFB 2 L fJe fJB;kB ~ f;woB dh b'V feT[I j? <
T[& s
Z o L r[owfs nB[;ko nkswk gowkswk dk nzF j?. fJj ;kro ftu'I gkDh
dh p{d
z d/ tZyok j' ikD tKr gow nkswk s'I nbZr j' rJh j?. fJ;
bJh ftSV/ dk fwbkg f;woB Bkb jh j' ;edk j?.
gqFB 3 L f;woB pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk c[owkB j? L
f;woT[ f;wfo f;wfo ;[y[ gktT[– efb eb/; sB wkfj fwNktT[–
Gkt gowkswk ~ f;wo' s/ f;woB eo-eo e/ ;[y
Z K dh gqkgsh eo'.
f;woB Bkb ;oho d/ d[y
Z s/ eFN fwNd/ jB.
gqFB 4 L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe fe; soQK dk j'Dk ukjhdk j? <
T[& s
Z o L f;woB eoB bJh ;kXe T[dwh s/ ;ktXkB j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[dwh-
szdo[;s ;oho fpBk BjhI j' ;edk. fJ; bJh o'rh, BFJh s/ ftFJh
wB[y
Z ;ktXkB BjhI j'tr
/ k.
gqFB 5 L f;woB eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
T[&&Zso L f;woB Bkb wB[y
Z dh fdwkrh Fesh tZXdh j?. fXnkB iK
fJekrosk Bkb gqG{ Go';k ekfJw jzd
[ k j? ns/ FoXk GktBk gqge
Z j[d
z h
j?. fJ; bJh f;woB nkg/ dk ftek;, frnkB dk gqekF s/ ;dk-;dk
ftrk; (nkBzd, ][Fh) j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
f;woB (177)
Ardws dI mh`qqw
ftdtkBK dk eEB j? fe nodk; dk fJfsjk; UBk jh g[okDk j?,
fizBk e[ g[okDk fJfsjk; wB[y
Z dk j?. nodk; wB[y
Z h nkswk dk nkgD/ w{b
gowkswk tZb o[y eoBk j?. wB[y
Z ;[Gkte s"o #s/ ew}'o j? ns/ ;z;ko ftu
xNBktK dh jB/oh ubdh j?. id fJB;kB jkbks dk Nkeok BjhI eo
;edk sK T[; dk wB v'bdk j?. jo ew}'o ~ fJe seV/ dk ;jkok j[d
z k
j?, fit/I t/b ~ o[y
Z dk ;jkok, pZu/ ~ wK dk ;jkok ns/ ;[e
Z ojh pBk;gsh
~ pkoF dk ;jkok j[d
z k j?.

gowkswk ;op FeshwkB j?. T[; T[& g


Z o Go';k wB[y
Z ~ pj[s ;kohnK
go/FkBhnK s'I pukT[Idk j?. fJ; bJh ;ko/ nk;fse wZs nodk; T[& g
Z o
;fjws jB. wB[y
Z ][Fh ;w/I F[eokB/ dh nodk; eodk j?, rawh ;w/I
nksfwe pb bJh ns/ d[fpXk ftu T[; ~ ;jkJh j'D bJh fXnkT[Idk j?.
;G s'I tZvh rZb fe nodk; wB dh FKsh s/ pb j? fe w?I nkgD/ s'I tZvh Fesh
Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk jK.

nodk; Fpd d/ noEK tZb ikJhJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh iK
wB'ekwBk j?. f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjkBsk j?. jo ekoi d/ nkozG
ftu iK ;zgo
{ B j'D #s/ F[eokB/ dh nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~
nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; eoBh j?.
ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–
ekoi[ d/fJ ;tko ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?– (gz B k 9 1 )

r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w ;k\ dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/
nodk; eoBh ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ gqkoEBk eoBh j? L
nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–
fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–
(gz B k 1093 )
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(178) r[owfs frnkB
f;Zyh dk fdqVQ fBFuk j? fe F[X
Z wB j' e/ Go';/ Bkb ehsh nodk; ;dk
gqtkB j[d
z h j?. f;Zyh ftu iBw, ftnkj, fwqse ;z;eko ;w/I, jo d[y
Z -;[y
Z
s/ ][Fh rawh ftu nodk; ehsh iKdh j?. o'} wo:kdk nB[;ko fBsB/w
T[gozs nodk; eoBh j?.

f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh gozgok ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;w/I s'I
jh F[o{ j' rJh gqshs jzd
[ h j?. id okfJ p[bko B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ~
T[dk;hnK #s/ ikD t/b/ w[V doFB d/D dh p/Bsh ehsh sK ;fsr[oK B/ T[& s
Z o
fdZsk fe i/ eo ;k~ fwbD bJh wB eo/ sK jZE i'V e/ fBozeko nZr/ nodk;
eoBh. fJ;/ soQK id pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih B/ gzikp tZb uVQkJh ehsh
sK d;w gksFkj ih B/ T[; ~ j[ew ehsk fe id e'Jh GhV pD/ sK gziK
f;zxK ~ Bkb b? e/ nodk; eoBh.

nodk;—fJeZbk f;Zy th eodk j? s/ ;zrfs o{g ftu nodk; th f;Zy


Xow dk }o{oh nzr j?. f;Zy gzE dk fdqVQ fB;uk j? fe r[o{ s/ ;zrs dh jk}oh
ftu tkfjr[o{ nkg tosdk j?. f;Zy ;zrs ftu jZE i'V e/ r[o{ nZr/ nodk;
eod/ jB, feT[Ife ;fsr[oK ftu tkfjr[o{ ofwnk j'fJnk ;h. ;fsr[oK B/ jh
;k~ tkfjr[o{ dk frnkB p]fFnk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjpK dh nksfwe i's ;qh r[o{
rzE
q ;kfjp ih jB. ;fsr[oK B/ ;fs g[oy ~ ikfDnK ns/ f;Zy ;zrs ;fsr[o{
s/ ;fs g[oy ~ jk}o Bk}o ikD e/ nodk; eodh j?. c[owkD j? L
;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[–
fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B[ rkT[–
(gz B k 286)

;z;ko dh e'Jh j'o nodk; J/B/ i\o ikb e/ j'Id ftu BjhI nkJh,
fizBh xkbDk Bkb f;Zy nodk; dh ouBk j'Jh j?. FkfJd jh feXo/ tkose
dk J/Bk wjkB ;zyg
/ o{g ;z;ko ;kfjs ftu j't./ fJj wkD tkbh rZb j? fe
J/B/ tZv/ fJfsjk; o{gh ;kro ~ fe;/ B/ ;zyg
/ F?bh o{gh rkro ftu pzd ehsk
j't./ fJj gzE d/ tkbh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ gzE ]kb;k dh ;KMh ouBk
j?. nodk; T[j wjkB ouBk j? fi; ~ jo f;Zy FoXk s/ rzGhosk Bkb
d[jokT[Idk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; d/ BkfJeK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xo e/
tkfjr[o{ Bkb i[Vdk j?. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkB
fJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nodk; dh wZjssk (179)
~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.

;ob FpdK ftu nodk; dh wjZssk ~ ikBDk j't/ sK gfjbK


gow/Fo ~ :kd eoe/ d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB ~ fXnkfJnk iKdk j?, fiBQK dh
p]fFF Bkb ;k~ Xow d/ wkor, tkfjr[o{ dh Fesh s/ nodk; dh ;'Mh
nkJh j?. fco d; r[o{ ;kfjpK dh i's ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ gkm dhdko
dk fXnkB Xo e/ tkfjr[o{ fXnkT[Id/ jK. ;kv/ r[o{ ih th i[r' i[r nNZb s/
r[o{ dk gzE th i[r' i[r nNZb oj/rk.

fco n;hI gziK fgnkfonK, u"jK ;kfjp}kfdnK, ukbh w[es/, FjhdK,


w[ohdK, jmhnK, ighnK, sghnK s/ r[o{ gzE ~ ;wofgs ;w{j fgnkfonK
;funkfonK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xod/ jK. fJj ;GBK d/ f;de, f;oV
s/ e[opkBh ~ ;idk j?.

shi/ pzd ftu ;w{j f;zxK f;zxDhnK dh e[opkBh dk fXnkB Xfonk


iKdk j?, fiBQK Xow BjhI jkfonk. T[jBK B/ ;h; fdZs,/ pzd-pzd eNkJ/,
y'gohnK b[jkJhnK, uoyVhnK #s/ uVQ/, r[od[nkfonK dh ;/tk bJh
e[opkBhnK ehshnK. gbK ftu jh FjhdK dk fJfas
a jk; nZyK ;kjwD/ nk
iKdk j?. fco nkgD/ s]sK s/ ;ops r[od[nkfonK dk fXnkB Xod/ jK i'
gzE dh n}kd j'Id s/ fBnkohnK otkfJsK d/ phshnK ;dhnK s'I b? e/ i[rK
i[rKsoK se nXko jB.
fJ;/ soQK jo f;Zy ;w{j ]kb;/ bJh tkfjr[o{ d/ Bkw dh dks wzrdk
j? sK fe ;op ;[y
Z j't/ s/ fiZE/ th ]kb;k j? T[; dh oZfSnk s/ fonkfJs dh
p/Bsh j?. d/r s/r dh \sfj j't/ s/ gzE dh fiZs j't./ id gqG{ ;jkJh j't/
sK ]kb;k ih e/ p'b pkb/ s/ f;Zy ;ZfGnkuko gqcb
Z[ s j't./
nZr/ ;w[u
Z / gzE dh f;XKse wzr j?, f;Zyh dkB ns/ e/; dkB sK fe fJj
r[o{ dh w'jo s/ e[dos dk p]fFnk ;o{g ekfJw oj/, ofjs ftu gqge
Z
ojhJ/. o'}kBk fpp/e dkB wzfrnk iKdk j? sK fe ;kv/ soetkdh fij/ Fze/
Bk j'D, ;r'I r[o{ Go';k, f;de, FoXk, ftFtk; p[bd
z oj/. gqG{ d/ Bkw
dh dks wzrd/ jK s/ nzfwqs;o ih d/ fJFBkB i' ;k~ e/Idoh X[o/ Bkb i'Vd/
jB. i'dVh eod/ jK fe n;hI Fesh d/ e/Ido Bkb ;dk i[V/ ojhJ/ ns/
u"ehnK, Mzv,/ p[r
z / i[r' i[r
Z nNZb ofjD s/ Xow dh i?eko j't./ ;kvk wB
BhtK oj/ sK fBwosk tkb/ dh wZs T[& u
Z h j[d
z h j?, go tkfjr[o{ ih wZs d/ oky/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(180) r[owfs frnkB
s[;hI j' s/ fJj r[D p]F d/t.' nZr/ ftSV/ j'J/ r[oXkwK d/ doFBK dh
nodk; j?.

;koh nodk; T[gozs ;tkb j? fe f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek fet/I ofj
;edk s/ fe; fe;w d/ wB[y
Z K Bkb w/b i'b j't./ fJ; dk T[& s
Z o ;/Jh fgnko/
w/b fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fuZs nkt/. nrbh gzesh ftu r[o{ gzE s/ ;qh r[o{
BkBe ih fJe fwe jB fe gzE B/ r[o{ BkBe dh w'jo tosh j?. fJ; ftu
Bkw, uVQdh ebk, GkDk s/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh j?. fco \sfj j? fe
]kb;k tkfjr[o{ dk j? s/ \sfj th T[;/ dh j'Dh j? ns/ i?eko/ ftu ;zdF
/ j?
fe fBjkb T[jh j'tr
/ k i' ;Zu/ ;qh nekb dk BkT[I bJ/rk.

fJ; bJh f;Zy Xow ftu nodk; dh pj[s wjZssk j?. nodk;
gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?. nodk; T[& u
Z / nksfwe
wzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poes Bkb wjkB ekoi ;zgo
{ B j'J./
nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqD eoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk.
nodk; nksfwe Fesh j?. ;G d/ Gb/ dh i'dVh s/ ;s;zrhnK ftu
nkgDkgB g?dk j'Dk nodk; dh poes j?. w[e
Z dh rZb fe ;z;ko ftu i/
e'Jh fBnk;o/ dk nk;ok j? sK gqG{ nZr/ nodk; j?. fJ;/ bJh n;hI nodk;
F[o{ eoB s'I gfjbK ;zrsh o{g ftu fJj Fpd gVQd/ jK L
s{ mke[o[ s[w gfj nodkf;– ihT[ fgzv[ ;G[ s/oh okf;–
s[w wks fgsk jw pkfoe s/o–
/ s[woh feqgk wfj ;{y xB/o–
/
(gz B k 268)

nfGnk; bJh gqFB L—


(T) nodk; dh wjZssk ;zpX
z h Gkt g{ote ikDekoh fdU.

;zyg
/ T[& s
Z o tkb/ gqFB L—
gqFB 1 L @nodk;# s'I eh Gkt j? <
T[& s
Z o L nodk; Fpd d/ noEK ~ ftukohJ/ sK nodk; s'I Gkt p/Bsh eoBh
iK wB'ekwBk j?. nodk; wB[y
Z h nkswk dk nkgD/ w{b gowkswk tZb
o[y eoBk j?. gowkswk ;op FeshwkB j?. T[; T[& g
Z o Go';k wB[y
Z ~
pj[s ;kohnK go/FkBhnK s'I pukT[Idk j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
nodk; dh wZjssk (181)
gqFB 2 L nodk; pko/ ;fsr[oK dk f;Zy ~ eh nkd/F j? <
T[& s
Z o L ;fsr[oK dk nkd/F j? fe id e'Jh th ezw eoBk b'VhJ/ sK gqG{ nZr/
nodk; eoBh j?. c[owkB j? L
ehsk b'Vhn? ezw[ ;[ jfo gfj nkyhn?–
ekoi[ d/fJ ;tkfo ;fsr[o ;u[ ;kyhn?–
gqFB 3L r[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB <
T[& s
Z o L r[owfs ftu nodk; d/ fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB fe e/tb eosko nZr/
nodk; eoBh j? ns/ yb' e/ s/ jZE i'V e/ eoBh j?. c[owkB j? L
nkg/ ikD? eo/ nkfg nkg/ nkD? okf;–
fs;? nr? BkBek yfbfJ ehu? nodkf;–
gqFB 4 L o'}kBk nodk; ftu f;Zy nkgD/ Xow ftu gZek ofjD bJh fe;
fe;w d/ wB[y
Z K dh ;zrs dh wzr eodk j? <
T[& s
Z o L nodk; ftu jo f;Zy wzr eodk j? fe tkfjr[o{ ! ;/Jh fgnko/ w/b
fiBQK fwfbnK s/ok Bkw fus nkt/. fJ; bJh gfss, f;o r[w
z , soeh,
sBykjhJ/ iK Bk;fse pzfdnK dh ;zrs Bkb f;Zyh Go';k BjhI oj/rk,
;r'I feos eoB, Bkw igD, tzv SeD tkb/, FoXk GktBK tkb/ s/
pkDh pkD/ d/ XkoBh r[ow[y fgnkfonK dh ;zrs Bkb wB[y
Z Xow ftu
gZek ofjzdk j?.
gqFB 5 L fJe f;Zy bJh nodk; dh wjZssk pko/ ;zyg
/ FpdK ftu fby' <

T[& s
Z o L nodk; gowkswk dh Fesh s/ nkg/ dh s[Ssk dk frnkB j?.
nodk; wB[y
Z ~ T[& u
Z / nksfwe wzvbK ftu b? iKdh j?. nodk; dh poes
Bkb wjkB ekoi ;zgo
{ B j'J./ nodk; B/ f;Zy ~ T[dwh pDkfJnk s/ gqD
eoe/ fBGkT[Dk f;ykfJnk. nodk; gbK ftu jh phs/ gzi ;dhnK d/ wjkB
fJfsjk;, f;Zyh f;XKs, gozgoktK, wo:kdk s/ f;Zyh ihtB iku d/ fB:wK
~ fdqVQ eotk fdzdh j?.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(182) r[owfs frnkB
gq F B gZ s o dh o{ g o/ y k L

doik-d{ i k

gouk d{ i k—f;Z y fJfsjk; s/ ofjs wo:kdk


;wK L 3 xzN/ e[b nze L 100
(Gkr-T)
j/m fby/ gqFBK ftu'I e'Jh d' gqFBK d/ T[& s
Z o ft;sko ftu fby' L
1 H GkJh fdnkbk ih d/ ihtB s/ Fjhdh pko/ ft;sko g{ote ukBDk gkU.
2H Btkp eg{o f;zx ih d/ ihtB fJfsjk; ;zpX
z h s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
3H nekbh c{bk f;zx ih dk ihtB fJfsjk; fby' < 2X10=20
(Gkr-n)
gfjbk gqFB }o{oh j?, pkeh d'BK ftu'I fJe gqFB eo' L
1 H S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ fJfsjk; ;zpX
z h ft;sko ;fjs ;wMkU.
2H nkjb{tkbhnk fw;b dh fJfsjk;e ikDekoh fdU.
3H fw;b FjhdK d/ fJfsjk; ;zpX
z h ukBDk gkU. 2X10=20
(Gkr-J)
j/m fby/ gqFBK ftu'I e'Jh d' gqFB jZb eo' L
1H w[ytke s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko j[ew b?D dh eh
ftXh ;wMkJh j? <
2H nyzv gkm s'I eh Gkt j? ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu nyzv gkm f;ob/y
j/m fJ; dh eh wo:kdk dZ;h rJh j? <
3H r[od[nko/ d/ Gkt noE dZ;' ns/ f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftu r[od[nko/
f;ob/y j/m o'}kBk dh wo:kdk s/ ;qh r[o{ rzE
q ;kfjp ih d/ ;fseko
;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? < 2X10=20

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
gqFB- gZso dh o{g o/yk (183)
(Gkr-;)
j/m fbfynK ftu'I d' ftfFnK pko/ Gkt g{ote ikDekoh fdU L
1H feos eoBh
2H tzv SeDk
3H nodk; dh wjZssk 2X10=20
(Gkr-j)
j/m fbfynK ftu'I d; gqFBK d/ T[& s
Z o ;zyg
/ s/ ;gZFN o{g ftu fdU.
jo/e gqFB d/ 2 Bzpo jB L
1H pkpk p'sk f;zx s/ roik f;zx ih dk fJfsjk; fe; ;w/I Bkb ;pzfXs j? <
2H ;qH iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ ~ wksk ;zd
[ oh ih B/ Btkp eg{o f;zx gk;
ed'I G/fink <
3H GkJh ;[y
Z k f;zx s/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih B/ wZ;k ozxV s'I fet/I pdbk
fbnk <
4H S'N/ xZbx
{ ko/ d/ ;EkB ns/ :kdrko pko/ s[;hI eh ikDd/ j' <
5H npdkbh B/ ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp T[& g
Z o jwbk feT[I ehsk <
6H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ dht/ wuk e/ nkosh
eoBh iK NZb yVekT[D/ nkfd ;zpX
z h eh T[gd/F j? <
7H ;kXkoB gkm s'I eh Gkt j? <
8H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk nB[;ko ;XkoB gkm iK nyzv gkm d/ G'r dh eh
wo:kdk j? <
9H Bkw igD tkb/ dh wfjwk ig[ ih ;kfjp pkDh ftu fet/I fpnkB ehsh
j? <
10H;kX ;zrs eoB Bkb wB[y
Z ~ eh bkG jzd
[ k j? <
11H @f;woB# pko/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp pkDh ftu ;fsr[oK dk eh c[owkB j? <
12Hr[owfs ftu nodk; eoB d/ eh fB:w dZ;/ rJ/ jB < 10X2=20

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(184) r[owfs frnkB

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