“Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride”

HEADQUARTERS
104 COMMUNITY DEFENSE CENTER
TH

1 REGIONAL COMMUNITY DEFENSE GROUP, ARESCOM

ST

Camp Andres B Malong, San Isidro Norte, Binmaley, Pangasinan

INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE
ON
VALUES DEVELOPMENT

“Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land”

 “Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride”

HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY-ALAMINOS CITY CAMPUS ROTC UNIT
104th (PGN-W) COMMUNITY DEFENSE CENTER, 1RCDG, ARESCOM
Brgy. Bolaney, Alaminos City, Pangasinan

PSU-ALAMINOS/ROTCU

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Administrative Data………………………………………………A
Lesson Plan………………………………………………………..B
Lesson Manuscript……………………………………………….C
Advance Sheet…………………………………….………………D
Lesson Handouts…………………………..……………………..E
Questionnaire………………………………….…………………..F
Key Answer………………………………………………………..G

“Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land”

 “Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride”

A. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

1. LESSON TITLE: Values Development

2. LESSON OBJECTIVE: To be able to gain and understand the different aspects of
values development.
TASK:
1. Identify the term values development
2. Identify the different types of psychological theories
3. Identify the nature of learning areas and their unique contribution as bodies of
knowledge.

CONDITION:

Given lectures/ discussion type of presentation of Values Development.

STANDARD:

In accordance with lecture given.

3. PRESENTATION: ROTC
4. TIME ALLOTED: one (1) hour
5. TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Lecture/ discussion
6. UNIFORM: BDA
7. ISSUE MATERIALS: Advance Sheet
8. REFERENCES: Handouts/ Pop sheet
9. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS:
a. Classroom requirements: White Board
b. Instructional aids: Visual Aids

“Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land”

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

B. LESSON PLAN
1. Title: Values Development

2. Introduction: Maximum of 5 minutes (including discussant profile)

a. Background of the subject.
b. Motivation/ Objective
c. Scope of the lesson

3. Body

A. Explanation
a. Personhood development
b. Psychological theories
c. Career development and work values
d. Values integration in the school system
e. Behavioral statistics

B. Application: (5 minutes)
Call students and ask them

C. Examination: (see annex F)

4. Review and Critique:

• Summary/Participation
• Clarification of Doubts
• Concluding statement

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

C. LESSON MANUSCRIPT

1. Lesson Plan: Values Development

2. Introduction: Maximum of 5 minutes (including discussant profile)

3. Background of the Subject:

During the presentation of the report, we will discover the concept of Values Development,
and the key information that we all need to know to reach our goals.

4. Motivation:

Transferring knowledge of Values Development will be extremely beneficial, particularly to

military officers, in achieving a successful goal.

5. Scope of the lesson:

a. Personhood development
b. Psychological theories
c. Career development and work values
d. Values integration in the school system
e. Behavioral statistics

6. Application:
➢ Call one or more student and ask regarding the topic discussed.

7. Examination:

8. Review and Critique

a. Summary
b. Classification
c. Concluding

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

D. ADVANCE SHEET

1. Title: Values Development

2. Lesson objective:
• To be able to introduce ROTC Cadets with certain facts about the Values
Development.

Task: To let the cadet define Values Development with actual participation.

Condition: The cadets will be given demonstration, lecture, and discussion.

Standard: According to the lecture given.

3. Special Instruction:

a. Read and understand the handouts issued.

b. After the lecture, prepare for a short quiz.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

E. LESSON HANDOUTS

VALUES DEVELOPMENT
Values is derived from the Latin word Valere, which means to be worth or to be strong. A thing
has value when it is perceived to be in intrinsically good and desirable to develop aa value is
to acquire it gradually, and by successive changes, to move from the original position to one
providing one opportunity for effective use. Thus, values development is the act, process, or
result of developing values for human dignity.

Values are the basis of judging what attitudes and behavior are correct and desirable and what
are not. It is therefore crucial that there be an appropriate framework as well as strategy for
providing the context and operational guidelines for implementing a values education program.

PERSONHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Personhood can be defined as the status or quality or being a person. What makes a human
being a person is controversial and can be debated from different sociocultural political and
philosophical perspectives but personhood in its essence is simply being a person.
Personhood development is the process of creating a sense of identity and understanding of
oneself.

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors.

Throughout psychology’s history, several theories have been proposed to explain and predict
various aspects of human behavior.

A Psychological theory has two key components:

1. It must describe a behavior.

2. It must make predictions about future behavior.

Each theory has help contribute to our knowledge of the human mind and behavior. Some
theories, such as classical conditioning, are still well accepted today. Others, like Freud’s
theories, have not held replace by new theories that better explain human development.

Different types of Psychological Theories

There are many psychological theories, but most can be categorized as one of four key types.

1. Development Theories

Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth,

development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human
thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into
individuals and society.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

Developmental theories provide a set of guiding principle and concepts that describe and
explain human development. Some developmental theories focus on the formation of a
particular quality, such as Kohlberg’s Theory of moral development. Other developmental
theories focus on growth that happens throughout the lifespan, such as Erikson’s theory
of Psychological Development.

2. Grand Theories

Grand theories are those comprehensive ideas often proposed by major thinkers such
as Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget. Grand theories of development
include psychoanalytic theory, learning theory, and cognitive theory.

These theories seek to explain much of human behavior but are often considered outdated
and incomplete in the face of modern research. Psychologists and researchers often use
grand theories as a basis for exploration but consider smaller theories and recent research as
well.

3. Mini-Theories

Mini theories describe a small, very particular aspect of development. A mini theory might
explain relatively narrow behaviors, such as how self-esteem is formed or early childhood
socialization. These theories are often rooted in the ideas established by grand theories, but
they do not seek to describe and explain the whole of human behavior and growth.

4. Emergent Theories

Emergent theories are those that have been created relatively recently and are often formed
by systematically combining various mini theories. These theories draw on research and ideas
from different disciplines but are not yet as broad or far-reaching as grand theories.
The sociocultural theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky is a good example of an emergent theory
of development.

Examples of Psychology Theories

Some of the best-known theories of psychology focus on specific branches within psychology.
Some of these include:

Behavioral Theories

Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based on the idea
that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such
as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the
early half of the twentieth century. Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used by
therapists to help clients learn new skills and behaviors.

Cognitive Theories

Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-
solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Such theories strive to explain different
mental processes including how the mind processes information.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

Humanistic Theories

Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s.While earlier
theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories
instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of the major humanist
theorists included Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Personality Theories

Personality psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make a
person unique. Some of the best-known theories in psychology are devoted to the subject of
personality, including the trait theory of personality, the "big 5" theory of personality, and
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

Social Psychology Theories

Social psychology is focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior. Social
theories are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including group
behavior, prosocial behavior, social influence, love and much more.

Why Theories Matter

In your psychology courses, you may find yourself questioning how necessary it is to learn
about different psychology theories, especially those that are considered inaccurate or
outdated. However, all of these theories provide valuable information about the history of
psychology, the progression of thought on a particular topic, and a deeper understanding of
current theories.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK VALUES

Work Values

Work Values In career development theory and counseling, vocational fitness is generally
accepted to be the result of congruence between the characteristics of occupations and the
individual differences among people. Abilities, skills, and interests were the individual
differences traditionally thought to be most salient. Recently, a third set of personal variables
has been entered into career theory: work values, or preferences for aspects of a job,
occupation, or career. Many other kinds of work values are of interest, tapping such constructs
as respect for others, the primacy of family, honesty, living frugally, and the like.

Assessing Work Values

Over the years, there have been many inquiries into the nature of work values in counseling
and industrial psychology. The concept of work values harkens back to the early studies of job
satisfaction, in which it was found that job characteristics such as pay, safety, or working hours
could be valued differentially and summed into a single index of satisfaction. It followed
naturally to inquire into differential valuing of various attributes of an occupation or a career.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

VALUES INTEGRATION IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM

a. To assist the student in

–Identifying
–Examining
–Changing these values if he so decides as long as these values do not impinge on
the rights of others
b. To develop the student’s potentials to the fullest; to assist him/her to be a fully human
person.

The Nature of Values:

•Moral values - natural law; “Do good and avoid evil.”

•Clearly defined values give meaning to human activity

•the systematic development of values requires a methodological support which cannot be

neutral. It demands discussion, processing, reflection, and actions.

The Concept of Values Integration

Values Integration is a channel of values development through the teaching-learning activities

in the different learning areas.

The starting point of values integration is the nature of the learning areas and their unique
contribution as bodies of knowledge.

Teachers first identify the concepts to be developed in the lesson; then, develops the values
inherent in the subject

•The Concept of Values Integration

Values Integration does not mean quoting a value and discussing it.

BEHAVIORAL STATISTICS

The term "behavioral statistics" is generally used to refer to the use of statistics in the study of
psychology. The only difference between behavioral statistics and the study of statistics in
general is that behavioral statistics courses focus only on those statistics that will be of use to
a psychologist.

How statistics are used in psychology?

Statistics allow psychologists to present data in ways that are easier to comprehend. ...
Psychologists use the data they have collected to test a hypothesis. Using statistical analysis,
researchers can determine the likelihood that a hypothesis should be either accepted or
rejected.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

F. QUESTIONNAIRE

Name:____________________________________ Date: _________________

Instructor:_________________________________ Score: _________________

Test 1: TRUE or FALSE

______1. Values is derived from the Latin word Valare, which means to be worth or to be
strong.
______2. Personhood development is the process of creating a sense of identity and
understanding of oneself.

______3. Developmental theories are those comprehensive ideas often proposed by major
thinkers such as Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget.

______4. Mini theories describe a small, very particular aspect of development.

______5. Emergent theories are those that have been created relatively recently and are often
formed by systematically combining various mini theories.

Test II: Enumeration

1. Give the four (4) Different types of Psychological Theories

2. Give at least four (4) Examples of Psychological theories
3. Two key components of Psychological theory

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.

 Army Vision By 2028, world class army that is a source of national pride.

G. KEY ANSWERS
Test I: TRUE or FALSE

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

Test II: Enumeration

1. Types of Psychological Theories

- Development Theories
- Grand Theories
- Mini- Theories
- Emergent Theories

2. Examples of Psychological theories

- Behavioral Theories
- Cognitive Theories
- Humanistic Theories
- Personality Theories
- Social psychology Theories

3. Two key components of Psychological theory

- It must describe a behavior.

- It must make predictions about future behavior.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land.