RED CROSS

THE HISTORY OF RED CROSS

WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE BATTLE WHERE THE IDEA OF THE RED CROSS STARTED?

• THE BATTLE OF SOLFERINO

WHEN DID THIS BATTLE BETWEEN THE FRENCH/PIEDMONTESE AND THE AUSTRIANS HAPPEN?

• JUNE 24, 1859

WHAT IS THE NAME AND NATIONALITY OF THE BUSINESSMAN WHO WENT TO SOLFERINO AND
DECIDED TO HELP THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS?

• JEAN- HENRY DUNANT

• SWISS

HOW MANY SOLDIERS WERE WOUNDED AND HOW MANY DOCTORS AND ASSISTANTS WERE
PRESENT DURING THE BATTLE?

• 30-40,000

• 3 DOCTORS AND 6 ASSISTANTS

WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE BOOK WRITTEN BY DUNANT?

• UN SOUVENIR DE SOLFERINO

WHAT WERE WRITTEN IN THE BOOK, A MEMORY OF SOLFERINO?

• DUNANT’S ACCOUNT OF WHAT HAPPENED

• THE LAST WILL OF THE DYING SOLDIERS

WHAT ARE THE SUGGESTIONS OF DUNANT WRITTEN IN HIS BOOK?

• CREATE RELIEF SOCIETIES / PRIVATE CHARITY IN TIMES OF PEACE

• ADOPT A TREATY PROTECTING HEALTHCARE SERVICES ON THE BATTLEFIELD IN TIMES OF

WAR

THE FIRST SUGGESTION BECAME THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE CREATION OF

• RED CROSS

THE SECOND SUGGESTION LED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS WHICH
BECAME THE BEDROCK OF

• THE INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

WHAT WAS THE WORDS OF WISDOM SAID BY DUNANT/ COMPANION SO THAT THEY COULD GET
HELP FROM OTHER PEOPLE?

• SIAMO TUTTI FRATELLI

THE FOUNDERS OF RED CROSS

HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION’S NAME
1. DR. LOUIS APPIA

2. GEN. GUILLAME-HENRI DUFOUR (FATHER OF THE ICRC)

3. JEAN-HENRY DUNANT (FATHER OF THE RED CROSS MOVEMENT)

4. DR. THEODORE MAUNOIR

5. GUSTAVE MOYNIER (FATHER OF THE IHL)

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE GROUP OF THIS FIVE FOUNDERS?

THE COMMITTEE OF FIVE
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE RELIEF OF THE MILITARY WOUNDED

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS, RED CRESCENT AND RED CRYSTAL

EMBLEMS OF THE ICRC

• RED CROSS WITH 5 EQUAL SQUARES ON A WHITE BACKGROUND +

• RUSSO – TURKISH WAR 1875-1878 +c
• AVOID TOO MANY RED SYMBOLS/ EMBLEMS +c^
• UNITE DIFFERENT SYMBOLS INTO ONE GENERAL EMBLEM +c^
2 USES OF THE EMBLEMS
1. PROTECTIVE

2. INDICATIVE

SLOGANS/ MOTTO OF ICRC

1. INTER ARMA CARITAS – IN WAR, CHARITY.

2. PER HUMANITATEM AD PACEM – WITH HUMANITY, TOWARDS PEACE. (1961)

7 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
HUMANITY

IMPARTIALITY

NEUTRALITY

INDEPENDENCE

VOLUNTARY

SERVICE

UNITY
UNIVERSALITY

6 MAJOR SERVICES
1. BLOOD SERVICES

2. DISASTER MANAGEMENT SERVICES

3. SOCIAL SERVICES

4. HEALTH SERVICES

5. SAFETY SERVICES

6. RED CROSS YOUTH AND VOLUNTEER SERVICES

4 MAJOR OBJECTIVES
1. INCULCATION OF HUMANITARIAN VALUES - THE ORGANIZATION BELIEVES THAT THE EARLY
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITARIAN LEADERS LIE IN THE INCULCATION OF HUMANITARIAN VALUES
AMONG ITS YOUTH MEMBERS.

2. INSTILL THE PRACTICE OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE - BUILD A HEALTHY COMMUNITY THROUGH

YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION TOWARDS A
STRONGER NATION.

3. ENHANCE YOUTH LEADERSHIP SKILLS THROUGH SERVICE DELIVERY - TO BE ACTIVE IN

COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT BY LEADING THE DELIVERY OF RED CROSS SERVICES IN THEIR CAPACITY AS

VOLUNTEERS.

4. ADVOCATE NATIONAL / INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP - TO PROMOTE CAMARADERIE AND UNITY,

MUTUAL RESPECT AND THE SPIRIT OF INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD AMIDST SOCIO-CULTURAL
DIVERSITY.

RCY
• 12/04/1917 – JUNIOR RED CROSS (JRC)

• 03/31/1970 – JRC TO RED CROSS YOUTH (RCY)

• FEBRUARY 2000 – PROCLAIMED OCTOBER AS RCY MONTH

• AUGUST 2003 – RECOGNIZED BY UNITED NATIONS AS ONE OF THE FIVE

OUTSTANDING YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS AWARDEE

Who is the founder of the Red Cross Movement?

Henry Dunant
What moved Henry Dunant to organize a movement to aid wounded soldiers?
Battle of Solferino

When was Philippine Red Cross (PRC) approved and recognized by ICRC?
1947

Fundamental Principle: to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be

found?
Humanity

Fundamental Principle: relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain?
Voluntary Service

Who is the present Chairperson of Philippine Red Cross?

Richard Gordon

Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR)

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)

National Committee on
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation and Recovery

Chairperson
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

National Economic Development Authority (NEDA)

The ERU (Rescue) respond to the following;

• Emergency Call (Trauma or Medical)

• Collapsed Structure or Vehicular Accident

• Water Emergency (WASAR)

• Fire (Fire Fighting)

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121 (NDRRMC)

with NDRRMP
Disaster Response : DSWD

Goal : Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected
population based on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster

Outcome 14 Integrated and coordinated Search, Rescue and Retrieval (SRR) capacity

Indicators - Number of persons rescued

• Number of bodies retrieved, identified and turned-over to their respective families

Lead Agencies : DND, DILG, DOH

Implementing Partners : AFP, BFP, CSOs, DILG, DSWD, NBI,

PCG, PNP, PRC, Volunteers

Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)

A damaging flood, fire, earthquake or other emergency in a heavily populated area may overwhelm
emergency response agencies, leaving residents, communities, businesses and school employees to
put out small fires, provide first aid and conduct basic Urban search and rescue operations.

Personal Safety
• Hardhat (industrial or fire-fighter)

• Eye protection

• Ear protection

• Safety steel-toe boots

• Safety whistle

• Knee pads

• Work gloves

• Work clothes

• Cap or hat

• Canteen or water bottle, minimum 1-litre capacity

• Waterproof flashlight (mounted or handheld) with spare batteries

Personal Protective Equipment

• Multi-Purpose Helmet
• Head Lamp
• Eye Protector
• Torch Light Waterproof
 • Multi purpose leather gloves

Knives & Cutting Tools

• Knives and cutting tools in the high angle environment are a threat to life because:

o they present a real danger of personal injury.

o they destroy life-supporting equipment with ease.

• Cutting tools must not have naked blades.

Phase I: (Premobilization)
• Selection of team members

• Training of team members

• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Tools and equipment. Very important to maintain in proper working condition and ready for
mobilization to work site

Phase II: Mobilization (upon receive of request to respond)

• Request transportation

• Pack and load equipment

• Notify team members

• Obtain information on disaster. This includes information such as type, location and
topography, magnitude/area, number of people affected, number of buildings affected,
weather,access routes

• Brief team members on current situation Tuition fee

Structures, Materials and Damage Types

Structural Types
Light Frame
Residential homes and apartments of up to four stories, and constructed mainly of wood.
The principal weakness is the lateral strength of the walls and the connections.

Heavy Wall (URM) Unreinforced Masonry

These buildings are one to six stories in height, and may be residential, commercial,
industrial, or institutional. They have heavy masonry walls and wooden floors. When
operating in an unreinforced masonry building make sure to check for loose and broken
parapet walls and ornamental masonry, broken connections between walls and floors,
cracked wall corners, and unsupported and partially collapsed floors.
Heavy Floor
Structures in this category can be residential, commercial, or industrial (concrete highway bridges).
They have concrete frames and may be up to twelve stories tall.

Rescuers should evaluate the stability of the structure by checking:

• the confinement of the concrete within the reinforcement of the columns.

• Cracking of columns at each floor line.

• Diagonal shear cracking in major beams adjacent to supporting columns

• Cracks in shear walls.

Pre-Cast Concrete

Buildings with fairly heavy floors and some heavy walls. Pre-cast structures may be commercial or
residential and also include pre-cast parking facilities. These structures generally are one to twelve
stories in height. Principal weakness is in interconnection of parts: slabs to walls/beams; beams to
columns; walls to slabs, etc. Rescuers operating at a pre-cast building collapse should check for badly
cracked walls, beam-to-column connections for broken welds and cracked corbels, column cracking
at the top and the bottom of joints, and wall panel connections and shear wall connections at floor
areas.

Shear
Forces acting in opposite, parallel directions and on different planes, such that they cut or
break a material.
Basic Collapse Patterns

Cantilever
Results from a wall collapse which allows a floor or roof assembly to drop partially, but to
remain suspended above the floor or base below on the side where the wall failed. The
opposite end of the floor assembly remains attached to the wall and at its original
connection point.

Lean-to
Found where a wall failure causes a floor or roof section to fall completely on one side,
while the other end remains supported. This collapsed usually results in a triangular void.

Pancake
Refer to multi-floor collapses where several floor slabs completely fail and stack up on top
of each other. The resulting voids are limited in space and are difficult to access, especially
in concrete structures.
V-shape
This collapse will be created when a floor assembly collapses in the middle due to failure of
centre supports or overload of the floor.

SAR operations are the most complex and difficult activities that first responder teams face
in the line of duty. There may be numerous factors affecting safety during a SAR operation,
as shown below.

Operational Standards
• Follow established formats when working
• Safety Rules
Safe and Unsafe Actions and Conditions
• Safe actions and conditions
• Unsafe actions and conditions
Safety Rules
1. Practice areas: No one is allowed to enter the practice areas without explicit prior
authorization from the instructor in charge or the Course Coordinator.
2. Personal protective equipment: Anyone entering the practice area must be
wearing(in the correct manner) all required personal protective equipment described in
Lesson 1 (Course Introduction).

3. Hygiene: To reduce as much as possible the possibility of contamination

4. Safety officer: During the exercises and practical's, one individual from the Course
personnel will be the designated safety officer and will be clearly and visibly identified. This
person will be in charge of all safety-related matters throughout the entire course, and will
have the authority to partially or completely halt all activities if needed.
5. Group safety: Each instructor and team leader will also be responsible
for the safety of the people in their respective groups. Should you observe any unsafe action
or condition, or an emergency, immediately alert the Safety Officer. For this purpose,
everyone will receive an emergency whistle to use in an emergency.

6. Whistle signals: The Safety Officer will use the whistle to give alarm signals and alerts
in the work area using the following signal system:
• One long signal : stop all work and listen for instructions
• One long, one short: continue working

• Three short signals : alarm signal, evacuate the area immediately to a

previously designated safety zone
Note:

7. Safety Zone: The Safety Officer will establish a safety zone near the work area. The
safety zone will be used in case of any emergency requiring immediate evacuation of the
work area.

8. Emergency medical services: A medical first responder kit and a means of

communications must be made available to ensure EMS arrival within 15 minutes, should
the need ever arise.
9. Fire extinguisher
10. Drinking water
11. Maintenance

12. Rotations
13. Trash
14. Weather conditions
15. Safety markings

16. Team Safety

17. Safety violations
18. Miscellaneous
Components of the Safety Briefing

• Chain of Command
• Identifying the Safety Officer
• Safety Plan
• Communication plan
• Medical plan

• Rehabilitation plan
• Special hazards
• General safety messages
Search And Rescue operations can only begin after triage is completed and priorities are
established.
Squad Leader
• Responsible for developing the search plan, drawing diagrams, keeping
documentation and making recommendations to the Incident Commander

• Performs the duties of the Safety Officer and is responsible for monitoring security
during the search operation
Searchers: Physically carry out the search operation as outlined by the team leader
 An operational work zone requires a single
strand of tape across the perimeter

A collapse or hazard zone requires two strands crossed like an ‘X’.

Structure Assessment Marking

• Over the top of the box should appear information regarding the structure and
possible hazards. This should also note hazards on the outside of building such as
overhead hanging dangers.

left side of box will right side of the

appear number of box will appear
live victims the number of
removed from the dead removed
building. from building.

ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE

1. Compile and analyze available information

2. Secure the scene
3. Inspect and evaluate the structure
4. Rescue victims with easy access on or near the surface, if this has
not already been done
5. Make INSARAG markings on the structure as needed, if not already
done
6. Create a diagram of the structure
7. Select the area to be searched
8. Select a search method

9. Conduct an appropriate search pattern and place INSARAG markings where potential
victims are detected, both on the structure and on the diagram
10. Continually analyze the results and re-evaluate the search plan (make necessary
adjustments).

11. Initiate pre-hospital treatment of the victim

12. Confirm the presence and location of potential victims with the resources and
equipment available
Hasty Search (Primary)

This type of search is conducted to quickly detect the presence of survivors on the surface
or easily accessible void spaces. Hasty search accomplishes the following:
• Rapid detection of victims
• Scene assessment (information gathered as a result aids in size-up of the rescue
problem)

• Sets priorities
Extensive (Grid) Search (Secondary)
This type of search is conducted in a methodical manner to pinpoint the exact location of
victims. It is designed to cover the entire assigned search area carefully and in detail. An
extensive or grid search accomplishes the following:
• A thorough, systematic search
• Redundant checks
• Allows for use of alternate search resources

Physical search
operations do not require specialists or unique, expensive equipment. They only require the
senses and some established proced-ures.

Physical search includes the three basic tactics:

• Physical/void search
• Hailing
• Basic search patterns
Reminder: These are general tactics. A search team may need to modify and adapt them
and the search mode to fit their specific needs.

INRODUCTION TO BANDAGING TECHNIQUES

1. Purpose
This manual is published to serve as a guide to the medical service officer and noncommissioned
officer concerned with in- structing Army Medical Service enlisted personnel. The organiza- tion of
the manual will aid the instructor in his presentation of subject matter ; the illustrations will aid in
explaining approved procedures as these procedures are being demonstrated. As a reference, the
manual is a source of graphic information.

2. Scope
This manual is intended for use whenever instruction in the various tasks pertaining to the care of
casualties and patients touched upon the application of bandages, dressings, and splints. It cannot
be too strongly emphasized that the techniques described in the manual require constant practice if
they are to be carried out quickly and correctly. The scope of the manual is limited in that it does
not provide complete information on the care and treatment of wounds and fractures.

3. General
The proper bandage properly applied can aid materially in the recovery of a patient. A carelessly or
improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient ; in many instances it may expose
the wound to danger of infection ; it may even imperil the life of the patient. It is essential,
therefore, that all personnel of the Army Medical Service become familiar with the various
bandages and be able to apply them properly. The following dis- cussion of bandaging will aid the
student and the teacher, but the technique of bandaging can be mastered only by constant practice.

4. Uses of Bandages
A bandage is used to hold a dressing in place over a wound, to create pressure over a bleeding
wound for control of hemor- rhage, to secure a splint to an injured part of the body, and to provide
support to an injured part.

5. General Principles of Bandaging

A bandage should never be applied directly over a wound ; it should be used only to hold in place
the dressing which covers a sound. A bandage should be applied firmly and fastened securely. It
should not be applied so tightly that it stops circulation or so loosely that it allows the dressing to
slip. If bandages work them- selves loose or become unfastened, wounds may bleed, they may
oecome infected, and broken bones may become further displaced. ft is essential, therefore, that
bandages be properly applied and yell secured.

6. Basic ktoteriols
Bandages are made from different types of material such as

¿auze, muslin, flannel, erinoline, rubber, and elastic webbing. The materials most commonly used
are gauze and muslin.
e. Gauze bandages are widely used because they are light, ioft, thin, and porous, and may be
easily adjusted and applied.

b. Before being made into bandages, muslin should be soaked n water and dried to cause
shrinkage and then ironed to remove NGO 6607B wrinkles. Mullin in strong, inexpensive, and
readily obtainable ; and can be easily torn into strips of the desired width. Mus)in bandages are
excellent for bandage practice, since they can be used repeatedly without fraying and can be easily
rerolled.

c. Flannel, being soft and elastic, may be applied smoothly and evenly, and is useful for
conditions requiring bandages which absorb moisture and maintain body heat.

d. Crinoline, rather than ordinary gauze, is used in making plaster of paris bandages, since the
mesh of crinoline retains the plaster more satisfactorily than that of gauze.

e. Rubber and elastic webbing are used to afford firm support to a part. Webbing is preferable
to pure rubber, since it permits the evaporation of moisture.