NUR FARHANAH BINTI ARIFFIN
BJPA2019-0016
Circumduction Gait Parkinson Gait Trendelenburg Gait
GAIT ANALYSIS GAIT ANALYSIS GAIT ANALYSIS
The patient stands with individuals with Parkinson's A trendelenburg gait is
unilateral weakness on the demonstrate differences in characterized by trunk
affected side, arm flexed, weight shift, use a modified shift over the affected hip
adducted and internally ankle joint motion before lift- during stance and away
rotated. off and land with weight during the swing phase of
Leg on same side is in shifted posteriorly compared gait and it is best
extension with plantar with healthy age-matched visualized from behind or
flexion of the foot and toes. controls in front of the patient.
When walking, the patient During gait, the pelvis tilts
will hold his or her arm to People with Parkinson's often downwards instead of
one side and drags his or experience increased gait upwards on the non-
her affected leg in a impairments as the disease weight bearing extremity.
semicircle (circumduction) progresses and symptoms become In an attempt to lessen
due to weakness of distal more severe. Impairments include; this effect, the person
muscles (foot drop) and Hypokinesia (decreased step compensates by lateral
extensor hypertonia in lower length with decreased tilt of the trunk away from
limb. speed) the affected hip, thus
This is most commonly Decreased coordination center of gravity is mostly
seen in stroke. Festination (decreased step on the stance limb
With mild hemiparesis, loss length with increased causing a reduction of the
of normal arm swing and cadence) pelvic drop.
slight circumduction may be Freezing of gait (the inability Observation of the
the only abnormalities. to produce effective steps at patient’s gait from the
the initiation of gait or the side enables the
complete cessation of examiner to detect stride
stepping during gait) and step length
Difficulty with dual tasking deficiencies as well as
during gait motion of the trunk and
the patient may have a flat- lower extremity in the
footed or, with disease sagittal plane, including
Source: Stanford Medicine 25. progression, a toe-heel the extensor or gluteus
(n.d.). Gait Abnormalities. sequence. maximus lurch in which
Retrieved January 18, 2021, from decrease in plantar flexion at the patient thrusts the
https://stanfordmedicine25.stanfor terminal stance trunk posteriorly to
d.edu/the25/gait.html#:~:text=Hemi Changes are also seen in hip compensate for weak hip
plegic%20Gait&text=When%20wal flexion, which may alter extensors (gluteus
king%2C%20the%20patient%20wil ankle excursion. maximus muscle).
l,most%20commonly%20seen%20 Observation from the side
in%20stroke Source: Gait Re-education in also enables detection of
Parkinson's. (2020, March 4). ankle dorsiflexor
Decreased peak hip Physiopedia, . Retrieved 14:50, weakness and footdrop
extension in late stance January 18, 2021 from leading to the inability of
phase https://www.physio- the foot to clear the
Decreased peak lateral pedia.com/index.php?title=Gait_Re- ground, which is
pelvic displacement in education_in_Parkinson%27s&oldid compensated for by
stance phase =232306. excessive lower extremity
Increased peak lateral flexion to facilitate the
pelvic displacement in Patients with PD have floor clearance (steppage
stance phase distinctive features of gait).
Decreased knee flexion . (or decreased walking velocity, Bilateral weakness of the
knee hyperextension) in reduced stride length and gluteus medius muscle:
stance phase intact control of cadence in the gait shows
Increased knee flexion in their gait dynamics. accentuated side-to-side
stance phase During a gait cycle, the ratio movement, resulting in a
Decreased ankle of double support time to wobbling gait or “chorus
plantarflexion at toe-off single support time increases girl swing”.
in patients with PD
Source: Moseley, A., Wales, A., compared to normal controls. Source: Trendelenburg Gait.
Herbert, R., Schurr, K., & (2021, January 17).
Moore, S. (2014, March 27). Physiopedia, . Retrieved 13:57,
Source: Koh, Seong-Beom & Park,
Observation and analysis of January 18, 2021 from
Kun-Woo & Lee, Dae-Hie & Kim,
hemiplegic gait: Stance phase. https://www.physio-
Se & Yoon, Joon-Shik. (2008). Gait
Retrieved January 18, 2021, from pedia.com/index.php?title=Tren
Analysis in Patients With
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scie delenburg_Gait&oldid=265105.
Parkinson’s Disease: Relationship
nce/article/pii/S000495141460486
to Clinical Features and Freezing.
4
Journal of Movement Disorders. 1.
59-64. 10.14802/jmd.08011.
