& Troubleshooting Guide

Maintenance
MAINTENANCE
& TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

CHAIN DRIVES

GEAR DRIVES

COUPLINGS

SYNCHRONOUS DRIVES

V-BELT DRIVES

SCREW CONVEYORS

DRAG CONVEYORS

BUCKET ELEVATORS

HEAVY-DUTY CONVEYOR PULLEYS / BELT CONVEYORS

W W W. M A R T I N S P R O C K E T. C O M
 Warning & Safety Reminder

Safety must be considered a basic factor in machinery operation at all times. Most
accidents are the results of carelessness or negligence. All rotating power transmission
products are poten­tially dangerous and must be guarded by the contractor, installer,
purchaser, owner, and user as re­quired by applicable laws, regulations, standards, and good
safety practice. Additional specific information must be obtained from other sources including
the latest editions of American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Standard ANSI B15.1. A
copy of this standard may be obtained from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
at 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 (212­705-7722).

It is the responsibility of the contractor, installer, purchaser, owner, and user to install,
maintain, and operate the parts or components manufactured and supplied by
Sprocket & Gear, Inc., in such a manner as to comply with the Williams-Steiger Occupational
Safety Act and with all state and local laws, ordinances, regulations, and the American
National Standard Institute Safety Code.

Caution
All OSHA Lock Out/Tag Out procedures are to be properly followed prior to removal
of any guards, access doors or covers for inspection or general maintenance. Failure
to follow these instructions may result in severe personal injury and/or property
damage.

Notice

Troubleshooting guidelines are to be used as a general rule of thumb to fix common

problems associated with power transmission and material handling equipment using
products. These guidelines are in no way intended to replace, supersede or override
equipment manufacturer’s installation and operating guides. publishes this information
to be used by trained professionals. There is no warranty or guarantee either expressed or
implied with respect to the troubleshooting guidelines. In no event shall be held liable
for any damage to equipment arising from the use of these guidelines, or failure to follow
the equipment manufacturer’s installation and operating guide. The safety reminder and
cautionary note is not meant to be a comprehensive analysis of all potential safety
hazards, and is provided solely to call your attention to general safety concerns when
operating power transmission and material handling equipment. accepts no
responsibility for any failure to follow the safety recommendations noted above. For
specific troubleshooting recommendations concerning any product sells, please
contact .
B
 Table of Contents

• Chain Drives.................................................................................. 2 - 4
• Gear Drives.................................................................................. 5 - 6
• Couplings...................................................................................... 7 - 8
• Synchronous Drives..................................................................... 9 - 11
• V-Belt Drives.............................................................................. 12 - 14
• Screw Conveyor................................................................................ 15
• Drag Conveyor.................................................................................. 16
• Bucket Elevator................................................................................. 16
• Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors ........................ 17 - 24

1
 Chain Drives
PROPER TENSIONING PROPER INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT
SAG IN INCHES BASED ON 2% OF SPROCKET CENTERS

Sprocket centers
in inches 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125
Sag in Inches 1/5 5/8 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-7/8 2 2-1/2
Incorrect Correct

Straight
Scale
Edge

Feeder Bar

Shafts Not Parallel

If a straight edge is placed from the top of one sprocket to the top of Shafts Parallel
the other sprocket on a horizontal drive, the maximum sag should be
between 2-4% of the center distance. Parallel Shafts Sprocket Alignment

PROPER INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT

To assure correct alignment, the following steps are recommended:
Check to determine if the sprocket is positioned axially square on the shaft.
Use a dial indicator as shown.

Sprocket Level the shafts using a machinists level.

Face
Dimension A-B

90º
A B

90º
Dial
Indicator Equal
Distance

Type of Maintenance What to Do

Lubrication — Type A • Manual Lubrication, oil applied periodically brush or spout can.
• Drip lubrication, oil applied between link plates edges from a drip lubricator.
Lubrication — Type B • Oil bath or oil slinger, oil level maintained in casing at predetermined height.
Lubrication — Type C • Oil stream, oil supplied by circulating pump inside chain loop on lower span.
Check for Chain Stretch • If chain elongation exceeds 3%, replace with new chain. Check length after first
1,000 hours.
Check Sprocket • If teeth have a hooked appearance, replace. Initial inspection 24 hours, second
100 hours, third 500 hours. Periodically thereafter, check chain length, may be
elongated.
Check Alignment If wear is apparent on inner surface of roller link side-bars and on sides of
sprocket teeth, there is misalignment. Realign sprockets.
Check for Drive Interference • Check drive for interference from other parts of equipment with the drive. If
there is interference, correct immediately. Chain failure could result.
Check for Failure • Inspect the chain for deformed, cracked and/or broken parts. If signs exist,
replace the entire chain.
2
 Chain Drives

Broken teeth Wear on side of sprocket teeth Asymmetrical tooth wear Wear on tips of sprocket tooth

Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Broken Sprocket Teeth • If cast iron, replace with stock steel sprockets (available hardened in
pinion sizes).
• Reduce shock load or redesign and replace with a larger drive.
• Check alignment. If out of alignment, correct any misalignment.
• Replace sprocket, might be excessively hardened. Should be RC40-50.
Wear on Sprockets or Rollers • Realigning nonparallel shafts or shafts not in the same plane.
Non symmetrical • Check shafts. Shafts might be bent, or shaft bearings worn.
Wear on Side of Sprocket Teeth • Check sprocket alignment. Sprockets that are offset or not parallel should be
or Inside of Roller Plates realigned.
Wear on Tips of Sprocket Teeth • Check chain. Chain elongation is excessive and chain should be replaced.
Chain Climbs Sprocket • Excessive chain slack. Retension chain, replace if necessary.
• Excessive sprocket wear. Replace chain and sprocket or replace chain if worn.
• Not enough teeth on sprocket. Redesign drive for more teeth in contact if
insufficient chain wrap. Or use chain tighteners. Should have at least 17
teeth in small sprocket.
• Foreign material on drive. Provide cover for chain drive when material builds up
in the tooth pocket of the sprocket. Or “mud reliefs” may be helpful.
• Excessive chain wear. Replace chain.
• Excessive chain load. Replace chain. Eliminate cause of overload.
Chain Clings to Sprocket • Excessive sprocket wear. Replace sprockets and chain.
• Sprocket misalignment. Replace sprockets and chain if needed. Realign sprockets.
Excessive Noise • Obstruction. Eliminate interference. Replace chain.
• Sprocket misalignment. Replace chain and/or sprocket(s) if worn. Driver should
have hardened teeth. Realign sprocket, lubricate chain and sprocket drive.
• Loose casing or shaft mounts. Tighten fasteners and align supports, casing,
and chain.
• Excess chain slack. Retension chain.
• Excessive chain wear. Replace and retension chain.
• Excessive sprocket wear. Inspect chain and sprocket for damage. Replace
sprocket and chain.
• Inadequate lubrication. Reastablish proper lubrication procedures. Replace
chain if needed.
• Chain pitch too large. Redesign drive for smaller pitch chain.
• Too few sprocket teeth. Check to see if larger sprockets can be used. If not,
redesign drive using smaller chain pitch.
Excessive Link Plate Wear and/ • Sprocket misalignment. Replace sprockets and chain if needed. Realign drive.
or Sides of Sprocket Teeth Retension chain.
Excessive Vibration • Possible broken or missing roller. Replace or repair chain. Check shaft bearing
supports, bearings may be worn or broken.
3
 Chain Drives

Tight Joints
Broken Pins
Fatigue Failure Broken Link Plate

Turned Pins

Cracked Link Plates

Deformed Rollers
Enlarged Holes

5% of H
Battered Link Plate Edges Worn Link Plate Contours Pin Galling

Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Tight Joints • Foreign material or dirt in chain joints. Clean and lubricate chain.
• Misalignment. Replace sprockets and chain if needed. Realign sprockets.
• Inadequate lubrication. Replace chain. Reastablish proper lubrication.
• Internal corrosion or rust. Replace chain. Eliminate cause of overload.
Rusty Chain • Exposed to moisture. Replace chain. Protect from moisture.
• Inadequate lubrication. Provide proper lubrication. Replace chain, if needed.
• Water in lubricant. Change lubricant. Protect lubrication system from water.
Replace chain.
Turned Pins • Inadequate lubrication. Replace chain. Reastablish proper lubrication.
Enlarged Holes • Overload. Replace chain. Eliminate cause of overload.
Pins Broken • Extreme overload. Replace chain. Replace sprockets if indicated. Eliminate
Link Plates Broken cause of overload or redesign drive for larger pitch chain.
Missing / Broken Parts • Cotters installed improperly. Install new cotters per manufacturers instructions.
Missing / Broken Cotters • Vibration. Replace chain. Reduce vibration. Use larger sprockets.
• Excessively high speed. Reduce speed. Replace chain. Redesign drive for
smaller pitch chain.
Broken, Cracked or Deformed • Speed too high. Replace chain. Reduce speed.
Chain Rollers • Sprockets too small. Replace chain. Use larger sprockets, or possibly redesign
drive for smaller pitch chain.
• Chain riding too high on sprocket teeth. Replace chain. Increase frequency
that chain is retensioned.
Pin Galling • Inadequate lubrication. Reduce speed or load. Possibly redesign drive for
smaller pitch chain. Provide or reastablish proper lubrication.
Exposed Chain Surfaces • Exposure to corrosive environment. Replace chain. Protect from hostile
Corroded or Pitted environment.
Cracked Link Plates • Exposure to corrosive environment combined with stress from press fits.
Replace chain. Protect from hostile environment.
Cracked Link Plates (fatigue) • Loading greater than chain’s dynamic capacity. Replace chain. Reduce
dynamic loading or redesign drive for larger chain.
Battered Link Plate Edges • Chain striking an obstruction. Replace chain. Eliminate interference.
Worn Link Plate Contours • Chain rubbing on casing, guide, or obstruction. Replace chain if 5% or more
of height worn away. Retension chain. Eliminate interference.
4
 Gear Drives

Abrasive Wear Burning Corrosive Wear Cracking Destructive Pitting

Fatigue Breakage Grinding Checks Initial Pitting Interference Normal Wear

Overload Breakage Overload Wear Quenching Cracks Ridging Rippling

Rolling and Peening Scratching Severe Scoring Slight Scoring Spalling

Type of Maintenance What to Do

Proper Lubrication • As recommended by your lubrication supplier. Contact for details.
Inspect for Wear and • Initial inspection 24 hours, second 100 hours, third 500 hours. Once a year
Alignment thereafter. Check tooth contact pattern for full-face contact.

Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Abrasive Wear • Drain and flush residual oil.
Caused by small, hard particle • Thoroughly clean internal surfaces of gear housing by scraping flushing and wiping.
contamination in oil causing • Clean and flush out any oil passages.
scratches on gear teeth as • Refill the housing with a light flushing grade oil and run without load for 10 minutes.
they make contact. • Clean breathers and replace seals and filters.
• Check environment for possible contamination.
• Drain the flushing oil and refill with recommended oil.
Corrosive Wear • System overload. Reduce the load or upgrade system.
Caused by chemical reaction • Use extreme pressure lubricant if a system overload can not be corrected.
resulting from acid coming in • Incorrect grade lubricant. Check with manufacturer for recommended lubrication.
contact with metal. Usually • Maintenance recommendations not being followed. Check with manufacturer for
identified by a stained or rusty correct maintenance procedures. Increase oil change frequency.
appearance.
Electrical Pitting • Ground clamp. Place a ground clamp on the same side of a bearing box when
An electric arc discharge welding.
across the film of oil between • Ground straps. Run grounding straps from a machine to rigid electrical or
mating gear teeth. pneumatic piping to reduce static electricity created by manufacturing processes.
• Check electric system for proper installation and grounding.
5
 Gear Drives
Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Rolling and Scuffing • Rolling is the deforming of metal on the active portion of gear teeth caused by high
Is created when gear teeth contact stresses. The displacement of surface materials forms grooves along the
do not mesh properly and pitch line and burrs on the tips of drive gear teeth.
continues until total damage • Scuffing is the severe adhesion that causes the transfer of metal from one tooth
has occurred. surface to another due to welding and tearing. Scuffing generally occurs in localized
patches due to the surface area of meshed teeth being mismatched or misaligned.
• Improper meshing of the teeth. Improper adjustments including radial/axial
misalignment, improper end play and out-of-tolerance backlash.
Fatigue Wear • Fatigue crack is a crack in a gear that occurs due to bending, mechanical stress,
Is gear wear created by thermal stress, or material flaws.
repeated stresses below the • Fatigue fracture is breaking or tearing of gear teeth. Fatigue cracks usually
tensile strength of the material. culminate in a fracture when the fatigue crack grows to a point where the remaining
Fatigue may be identified as tooth section can no longer support the load. Fatigue wear begins at the first
cracks or fractures. moment a gear is used.
• Fatigue wear is repeated minute deformations under normal stress (normally
unseen and immeasurable) that eventually produce cracks or fractures.
Plastic Flow Failure • A type of deformation in surface. It is a result of high contact stresses with sliding
and rolling action of meshing gear teeth. It is a cause for cold working of the tooth
surfaces. Normally occurs in softer gear materials, but can occur even in heavily
loaded case hardened gears.
Rippling • Rippling is a regular occurrence on hardened gear surfaces. Rippling in
Plastic Flow Failure advanced stages can be dangerous.
Ridging • Ridging occurs by the combined action of compressive stress that has high
Plastic Flow Failure contact and a low sliding velocity. Heavily loaded worm drives and hypoid and pinion
gear drives are more frequently affected.
Surface Fatigue Failure • Is the failure of a material as a result of repeated surface or sub-surface stresses
beyond the endurance limit of the material.
Surface Fatigue Failure • Initial Pitting is caused by local areas of high stress due to uneven surfaces on the
Pitting gear tooth.
Surface Fatigue Failure • Spalling is similar to pitting, but the pits may be bigger, shallow and non uniform.
Spalling Typical symptoms are quick breaking away of the edges of pits, formation of large
and irregular interconnected voids. Cause of Spalling is exceedingly high contact
stress levels.
Excessive Gear Wear • Check HP requirement for possible replacement with hardened gears of same size.
Or replace with gears having greater face width. See Catalog - Gear Section.
• Possible redesign of drive with more capacity. Check Catalog - Gear
Section.
• Check environmental abrasiveness, provide cover as needed with replacement of
hardened gears. Check for proper lubrication.
Excessive Drive Noise • Improper backlash. Check gear set for proper backlash. Adjust as necessary.
• Misaligned drive. Realign as necessary.
• Worn gears. Replace as necessary.
• Drive speed too high. Check pitch line velocity.
Gear Breakage • Overload or shock load. Eliminate overload or shock load conditions. Replace
drive with wider gears or 20° P.A. gears.
• Contaminants entering drive. Provide adequate cover for environmental material
surrounding drive.
Disfiguration of Gear Tooth • Overload. Remove overload condition. Replace with hardened gears or wider gears.

6
 Chain Couplings

Adjust angular misalignment so that

the width of the tooth surface is the
same around the circumference of
the sprockets. The allowable angular
misalignment is approximately 1º.
Adjust the offset misalignment to
less than 2% of chain pitch.

Angular Misalignment Offset Misalignment

Type of Maintenance What to Do

Lubrication • Check after initial 100 hours for leakage. Change lubricant once per year
thereafter.
Check Alignment • Disassemble after initial 100 hours. Check for excessive wear. If misaligned, wear
patterns will appear very uneven. If necessary, realign shafts and replace worn
coupling parts.

Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Premature Chain Wear • Provide adequate lubrication. Provide with sealed cover for longer life. Check
for excessive radial misalignment and/or excessive end float. Realign shafts to
eliminate most of misalignment. Check for sudden shock loads. If they are present
then it may be necessary to change from chain couplings to more flexible type
couplings such as -Flex® or Quadra-Flex®.
Chain Breakage • Provide adequate lubrication. Provide with sealed cover for longer life. Check
for excessive radial misalignment and/or excessive end float. Realign shafts to
eliminate most of mis­align­ment. If not provided with cover, check for foreign objects
near or in coupling, provide with cover. Check for sudden shock loads, if present
go to larger coupling or go to more flexible type couplings such as -Flex® or
Quadra-Flex .®

Excessive Noise • Check chain and sprockets to make sure they are not worn, or have broken pin
links. Replace if necessary. Chain may be striking inside of cover.
Excessive Vibration • Loose or damaged chain or sprocket, unbalanced, misalignment. Visually
inspect coupling, replace chain, sprocket or both. Balance and realign if necessary.
Leaking Lubricant • Damaged chain cover, excessive speeds, incorrect lubricant consistency or
excessive lubricant. Visually or stroboscopic inspection, replace cover, correct
speed, or replace lubricant as necessary.
Excessive Temperature • Unbalance, misalignment, excessive loads or speeds, insufficient, improper
or excessive lubricant. Temperature can be checked using infrared temperature
device or thermographic scan.
Noise and Vibration • Visual inspection. Stop coupling, remove the chain cover and inspect the chain
for damaged links or rollers, worn or broken sprocket teeth and misalignment that
is evident by wear on one side of the chain or sprocket teeth. Inspect keys and
keyways for wear or fatigue. If the chain, sprockets, key and keyways are damaged
in any way, replace the coupling.
Excessive Temperature • Infrared temperature device or thermographic scan. Unbalance, misalignment,
excessive loads or speeds, insufficient, improper or excessive lubricant.

Troubleshooting guidelines are to be used as a general rule of thumb.

For specific troubleshooting recommendations concerning unique problems contact .
7
 Jaw Couplings
Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Jaw Breakage • Buna-N Insert failed causing metal to metal contact. Replace with Hytrel® or
urethane spiders. Hytrel® withstands oil products better than urethane or Buna-N.
Hytrel® will not withstand hot water. Urethane withstands water better. Eliminate
overload or shock load conditions. Replace drive with new MS jaw coupling. Carries
approximately 20% higher capacity.
Rubber Element Failure • Buna-N insert failed due to horsepower applied to coupling greater than insert
can with­stand. Replace with Hytrel® spider, which can withstand 3 times Buna-N
horse­pow­er capacity.
• Check misalignment. Coupling can only handle up to 1° angular misalignment.
Excessive Drive Noise • Check jaw set for proper fit. May have wrong insert in coupling.
• Misaligned drive. Realign drive.
• Worn couplings. Replace as necessary.
• Drive speed too high, check shaft RPM.
• Loose or missing bolts, broken, cracked or loose bolts or disc(s), loose key or
damaged shaft keyway, misalignment, unbalanced.
Excessive Vibration • Loose or missing bolts, broken, cracked or loose disc(s), loose key or
damaged shaft keyway, or key of incorrect length or weight. Stroboscopic
(for visual inspection) while the coupling is rotating. Any erratic behavior of the
component being “strobed” suggests that component is vibrating. Further analysis
should be made to determine the direct cause of the vibration.
Excessive Temperature • Unbalanced, misalignment, excessive loads or speeds.

Quadra-Flex® Couplings
Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Element Failure • Check for alignment. Can handle up to 1° angular and up to .062 parallel offset
misalignment.
• Check for proper installation. May be installed in an application not suited for the
coupling; i.e., an internal combustion engine, reciprocating pump, compressor, or fan
and propeller blades.
Teeth Worn on One or Both • Caused by excessive misalignment. Realign coupling.
Sides of Sleeve • Improper service factor. Check design, go to larger coupling.
Sleeve Ruptured • Caused by shock loads. Use a larger coupling.
• Critical speed. Check for excessive vibrations.
Wire Ring Comes Loose • Caused by overload. Use a larger coupling.
Excessive Compression Set • Caused by overload. Use a larger coupling.
or Permanent Wind-up
Crack in Sleeve at 45° • Caused by flex fatigue. Normal mode of failure, if premature, use a larger coupling.
Noise • Loose bolts, ripped or torn rubber, loose key or damaged shaft keyway,
misalignment, unbalanced. Visual inspection: repair replace or re-align.
Excessive Temperature • Unbalanced, misalignment, excessive loads or speeds, inappropriate guard.
Sleeve Thrown Out of • Caused by shock load. Free machine of material causing jam, check for
Coupling misalignment.
• Caused by overspeed. Reduce speed of coupling.
Element Deterioration • If elements are deteriorating due to heat or solvents check sleeve chemical
resistance from table in catalog.
• TPR (Thermo-Plastic Rubber) can operate in conditions of extreme temperatures
50°F to +250°F and in oily or wet conditions.
• Neoprene can operate in temperatures of 0°F to +250°F.
• Hytrel® can operate in temperatures of -65°F to +250°F and oily conditions. Hytrel®
will not withstand hot water.
8
 Synchronous Drives - HTS Drives
Drive Alignment

Angular Misalignment Fleeting Angle

Parallel Misalignment

These ranges of deflection forces are applicable for drive installation. Actual operation
tension depends on the number of teeth mesh, system rigidity, peak loads, etc.

Belt Pitch Belt Width Force* Belt Pitch Belt Width Force*
9mm 9 to 18 oz 40mm 10 to 13 lb
5mm 15mm 1 to 2 lb 14mm 55mm 15 to 18 lb
25mm 1½ to 3 lb 85mm 23 to 28 lb
20mm 3 to 4 lb 115mm 32 to 39 lb
30mm 5 to 6½ lb 170mm 48 to 57 lb
8mm
50mm 9 to 12 lb 115mm 45 to 55 lb
85mm 16 to 20 lb 170mm 70 to 85 lb
230mm 95 to 120 lb
20mm 290mm 120 to 150 lb
340mm 145 to 180 lb
*Force applies to speeds exceeding 600 RPM.

Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Excessive Edge Wear • Misalignment or nonrigid centers. Check alignment and/or reinforce mounting.
(Exposed Tensile Member) • Bent flange. Straighten flange.
Jacket Wear on Pressure- • Excessive overload and/or excessive belt tightness. Reduce installation tension
Face Side of Belt Tooth and/or increase drive load-carrying capacity.
Excessive Jacket Wear • Excessive installation tension. Reduce installation tension.
Between Belt Teeth (Exposed
Tension Members)
Cracks in Neoprene Backing • Exposure to excessive low temperature (below 30°F). Eliminate low temperature
condition or consult factory for proper belt construction.
Softening of Neoprene • Exposure to excessive heat (+200°F) and/or oil. Eliminate high temperature and
Backing oil condition or consult factory for proper belt con­struc­tion.
Tensile or Tooth Shear • Small or sub-minimum diameter pulley. Increase pulley diameter or use next
Failure Indicating Corrosion smaller pitch with same P.D.
of Tension Member (rust) • Extreme humidity. Eliminate humidity or refer to factory for belt construction.
• Acid or caustic atmosphere. Refer to factory for belt construction.

Note: When HP rating is adequate, using multiple belts in matched sets, rather than a single wide belt, will reduce sound emission.
Effective noise reduction for power transmission drives can be accomplished by incorporating a flexible noise-absorbing material
such as acoustical-grade glass fiber with the protective guard. The guard design must allow a cooling air passage on the top and
bottom to prevent overheating the drive.
9
 Synchronous Drives - Timing Belt Drives

Allowable Working Tensions (T.) in Pounds

Belt
¼ 5
⁄16 3
⁄8 ⁄16
7
½ 5
⁄8 ¾ 7
⁄8 1 1¼ 1½ 1¾ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Width

XL 1
⁄5" 6 8 11 14 17 23 29 35 41 53 64

L 3
⁄8" 15 19 23 31 39 47 55 71 86 101 118 150 185
Belt Pitch

H ½" 59 80 99 120 140 181 218 258 300 381 470 568 666 861 1050 1245 1445

XH 7
⁄8" 191 246 298 351 409 520 642 775 909 1175 1433 1698 1971 2235 2502 2752 3025 3278 3555

XXH 1¼" 234 302 365 431 501 636 786 950 1114 1439 1755 2080 2415 2738 3065 3372 3707 4015 4357

Width
.15 .21 .28 .35 .42 .57 .71 .86 1.0 1.29 1.56 1.84 2.14 2.72 3.36 4.06 4.76 6.15 7.50 8.89 10.32 11.70 13.10 14.41 15.84 17.16 18.62
Factor

Shaded Areas are Stock Width Belts

Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Excessive Pulley Tooth • Excessive overload and/or excessive belt tightness. Reduce installation tension and/
Wear (On Pres­sure-Face or increase drive load-carrying capacity.
and/or O.D.) • Insufficient hardness of pulley material. Surface-hardened pulley or use harder
material.
Unmounting of Flange • Incorrect flange installation. Reinstall flange correctly.
• Misalignment. Correct alignment.
Excessive Drive Noise • Misalignment. Correct alignment.
• Excessive installation tension. Reduce tension.
• Excessive load. Increase drive load-carrying capacity.
• Sub-minimum pulley diameter. Increase pulley diameter.
Tooth Shear • Less than 6 teeth in mesh (TIM). Increase TIM or use next smaller pitch with same P.D.
• Excessive load. Increase drive load-carrying capacity.
Apparent Belt Stretch • Reduction of center distance or nonrigid mounting. Retension drive and/or reinforce
mounting.
Cracks or Premature • Improper pulley groove top radius. Regroove or install new pulleys.
Wear at Belt Tooth Root
Tensile Break • Excessive load. Increase load-carrying capacity of drive.
• Sub-minimum diameter. Increase pulley diameters.
Apparent Belt Stretch • Reduction of center distance or nonrigid mounting. Retension drive and/or reinforce
mounting.
Cracks or Premature • Improper pulley groove top radius. Regroove or install new pulleys.
Wear at Belt Tooth Root
Tensile Break • Excessive load. Increase load-carrying capacity of drive.
• Sub-minimum diameter. Increase pulley diameters.
Teeth Wearing Unevenly • Shafts might not be parallel causing belt to pull one side. Abrasion material may
be on teeth or enmeshed into belt. Check alignment of shafts.
Belt Breakage • Improper size for torque loading. Check proper sizing pro­ce­dures.
• Too much load. May be severe shock load, may need to go to chain drive instead of
belt drives.
• Under designed drive. Redesign drive.
• Sharp bend damaged tensile cord. Follow proper storage and handling pro­ce­dures.
• Belt was pried or forced on the drive. Follow proper installation procedures.
• Foreign object in drive. Shield drive.
• Belt runs onto pulley flange. Align pulleys.
10
 Synchronous Drives - Timing Belt Drives
Troubleshooting Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Apparent Belt Stretch • Reduction of center distance or nonrigid mounting. Retension drive and/or reinforce
mounting.
• Pulley teeth poorly machined or worn. Replace pulleys. Install cover if drive is dusty.
• Sudden equipment stops. Increase deceleration time or redesign drive.
• Belt does not engage pulley teeth. Retension drive.
Tooth Shear • Less than 6 teeth in mesh. Redesign drive, install back side idler, or use next smaller pitch.
• Excessive load. Redesign drive.
Tensile or Tooth Shear • Pulley diameter too small. Increase pulley diameter or use next smaller pitch.
Failure • Exposure to acid or caustic atmosphere. Protect drive or ask about special
construction belt.
Excessive Pulley Tooth • Drive overload and/or excess belt tension. Reduce installation tension and/or
Wear (On Pressure Face increase drive load carrying capacity.
and/or O.D.) • Insufficient hardness of pulley material. Use harder material or surface-hardened
pulley.
Excessive Jacket Wear • Excessive installation tension. Reduce installation tension.
Between Teeth, Exposed
Tensile Cord
Excessive Noise • Misalignment. Realign drive.
• Excessive installation tension. Reduce tension.
• Excessive load. Increase drive load carrying capacity.
• Pulley diameter too small. Increase pulley diameter.
Cracks in Belt Backing • High temperatures. Improve ventilation, remove heat source, or check with for
special construction belt.
Softening of Backing • Excess heat (over 200°F) and/or oil. Lower ambient temperature, protect from oil, or
ask about special belt construction.
Excessive Edge Wear • Misalignment or nonrigid centers. Realign drive and/or reinforce mounting.
• Bent flange. Straighten flange.
Unmounting of Flange or • Incorrect flange installation. Install flange correctly.
Flange Wear • Misalignment. Realign drive.
Ratcheting • (Synchronous equivalent to slipping) Caused by improper tensioning, excessive
loads, or inadequate bracketry that allows the center distance to give when a load
is applied. Replace belt and re-evaluate the load.

11
 V-Belt Drives
Sheaves should be checked for wear every time you change a belt!
Indications of sheave wear include:
• Belts are turning over.
• Belts wear out faster than normal.
.00

.00
DA

DA
º

º
38 ER 7.00

38 ER 7.00
-7

-7
TU

TU
34

34
M=

M=
0

0
4.6

4.6
º

º
OV

OV
M=

M=
• Belts are “bottoming” out.
TU

TU
DA

DA
E
B E
B • Belt dressing is used to quiet drive (not
DATUM=3.60 - 4.59

32º
DATUM=3.60 - 4.59

32º enough tension or worn grooves).

• Belts appear to be “mismatched”.
If wear is present, replace them with Sheaves.
offers:
Normal Sheave (Uniform Angle) Worn Sheave (Dished Out) • Instant availability QD and Taper Bushed.
WARNING • The best MTO capability - cast iron, ductile and steel.
When performing any type of inspection / maintenance, • Expertise in personnel to assist your efforts.
always observe proper safety procedures.
ALWAYS LOCK OUT / TAG OUT POWER! • Complimentary Groove Gauges available for customer inspection.

V-BELT DRIVE TROUBLESHOOTING

Cracked V-Belt Cracking or Chunking Missing Cog Rapid Sidewall Wear Glazed Belt

Cause: Cause: Cause: Cause: Cause:

• Sheave diameter too • Severe back-bend • Excessive Heat • Worn or damaged • V-Belt Slippage
small idlers • Sheaves Too Small sheaves Prevention:
• Back side idler • Improper or prolonged • Backside Idler • Sheaves misaligned • Check tension,
diameter too small storage • Sheaves Misaligned Prevention: increase if necessary
• Slippage • Excessive ambient • Improper or Prolonged • Replace sheaves • Overloaded drive,
• High temperature operating temperature Storage • Align sheaves Reduce loads
Prevention: Prevention: Prevention: • Sheave worn, belt
• Redesign drive Check storage conditions • Check storage bottoming in groove -
• Replace with an inside and age of belt. If back- conditions shiny sheave groove
idler on slack side or bend idler cannot be • If backend idler cannot bottom - Replace
• Redesign retension avoided, install idler of be avoided, install one Sheave
drive larger diameter. Avoid of larger diameter • Oily drive conditions
• Remove heat source ambient temperature • Avoid ambient
over 1400 ºF. temperature over 1400
• Redesign drive using
sheaves of proper size

Worn Belt Sides Belt Swelling Cover Fabric Rupture Slip or Spin Burn Belt Cover Splits

Cause: Cause: Cause: Cause: Cause:

• Misalignment • Oil softened rubber Cover fabric ruptured • Belt too loose • Belt pried or misplaced
• Grit or Dirt Prevention: when belt was pried • Belt slips under slack
• Normal Wear Splash guards will over sheave during starting or stalling load. • Foreign object in
Prevention: protect drives against oil. installation. • Load miscalculated - groove
• Align sheaves Even with oil resistant Prevention: Drive under designed Prevention:
• Replace belts as belts, excessive oil can Proper installation of Prevention: • Maintain proper tension
required cause damage. belts by moving motor so • Maintain proper on drive
belts do not have to be tension on drive • Proper installation of
pried into the grooves. • Redesign drive belts by moving motor
so belts do not have
to be pried into the
grooves
• Dust guards help
protect against foreign
particles
12
 V-Belt Drives
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Rapid Failure With No Visible Reason • Worn sheave grooves (Use groove gauge to check). Replace sheaves.
• Tensile cord damage through improper installation. Replace all belts
with a new set, check for proper installation.
• Drive is under designed. Redesign drive.
• Wrong type or cross section belt. Replace all belts with correct type,
check for proper installation.
• Sheave diameter too small. Redesign drive.
• Foreign substance caught between belts and sheave. Shield the drive
with drive guard.
Soft, Sticky, Swollen Sidewalls • Oil or grease on belt or sheave. Clean belts and sheave with degreasing
Low Adhesion Between Plies agent or detergent and water. Remove source of oil or grease. Install splash
guards to protect drives from oil.
Dry, Hard Sidewalls. Use Low • Excessive high temperature. Remove heat source. Improve ventilation.
Adhesion Between Plies. Cracked
Belt Bottom
Deterioration of Rubber • Belt dressing being used. Don’t use belt dressing. Clean belts and
sheaves with degreasing agent or detergent and water. Tension belts
properly.
Rapid Sidewall Wear • Worn or damaged sheaves. Replace sheaves.
Broken Belts • Foreign object in drive. Shield drive with drive guard.
Spin Burns • Belts slip under starting or stalling load. Check belt tension — retension
drive if necessary.
• Sheave diameter too small. Redesign drive.
• Load miscalculated ­— drive underdesigned. Redesign drive.
Cut Bottom • Improper installation. Replace all belts with a new set, check for proper
installation.
• Foreign object in drive. Shield drive with drive guard.
• Belt was run off sheave. Check for proper tension and alignment.
Cracked Bottom • Excessive high temperature. Remove heat source. Improve ventilation.
• Back side idler too small. Replace with an inside idler on slack side, or
redesign.
• Sheave diameter too small. Redesign drive. Use cogged belts.
• Slippage. Retension drive.
Extreme Cover Wear, Worn Corners • Sheaves rusted, sharp corners or burrs on sheaves. Repair or replace
sheaves.
• Dirt on belt. Clean belt, shield drive.
• Sheaves misaligned. Realign sheaves.
• Belts rub against guard or other obstruction. Remove obstruction or
check drive alignment
• Improper tension. Retension drive.
Improper DriveN Speed • Design error. Redesign drive.
Incorrect DriveR to DriveN Ratio
Belts Stretch Equally • Overloaded or underdesigned drive. Redesign drive.
• Insufficient take-up allowance. Check take-up and follow guidelines.
Belts Stretch Unequally • Tensile cord broken from improper installation. Replace all belts with a
new set, check for proper installation.
• Misaligned drive. Realign drive.
• Mismatched belts. Use matched or combo (banded) belts.

13
 V-Belt Drives
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Belt Turnover • Misaligned sheaves. Realign sheaves.
• Belt under tensioned. Retension drive.
• Severe vibration and shock loads. Use Combo belts.
• Incorrectly placed flat pulley. Position idler on slack side of drive, as close
as possible to DriveR sheave.
• Worn sheave grooves (Use groove gauge to check). Replace sheaves.
• Foreign material in grooves. Shield drive with drive guard.
• Tensile cord broken from improper installation. Replace all belts with a
new set, check for proper installation.
Belt Noise • Belt slip. Retension.
• Misaligned sheaves. Realign sheaves.
• Wrong belt type. Replace cut edge with wrapped belt.
Belt Vibration • Shock loads. Use Banded or Combo belts.
• Incorrectly placed flat idler pulley. Position idler on slack side of drive, as
close as possible to DriveR sheave.
• Distance between shafts too long. Install idler.
• Belt lengths uneven. Replace all belts with a new matched set.
• Belt too loose. Retension drive.
Severe Slippage • Spin burns. Retension drive.
• Too few belts. Redesign drive.
• Arc of contact too small. Install back side idler on slack side, or use timing
belt.
• Oil or water on belt. Clean belts and sheave, shield drive with drive guard.
Installation Problems • Design and/or belt selection error. Check catalog for proper design and
Belts Too Long or Short at Installation selection.
Installation Problems • Worn sheave grooves. Replace sheaves.
Belts Mismatched at Installation • Mixed used and new belts. Replace all belts with new belts.
• Mixed belts from different manufacturers. Replace belts from the same
manufacturer.
Hot Bearings • Worn sheave grooves, belts bottom out. Replace sheaves.
Drive Over Tensioned
Hot Bearings • Design error. Redesign drive.
Sheave Diameter Too Small
Hot Bearings • Design error or obstruction. Place sheaves as close to bearing as
Sheaves Too Far Out on Shaft possible.
Hot Bearings • Bearing underdesigned. Check bearing design.
Poor Bearing Condition • Bearing not properly maintained. Align and lubricate bearing.
Hot Bearings • Drive under tensioned. Retension.
Belt Slippage
Damaged or Broken Sheave • Incorrect belt installation. Never pry belts onto sheaves.
• Excessive rim speeds. Maintain operational speeds within recommended
range.
• Sheave installed incorrectly. Follow recommended torque values when
tightening bushings.
• Foreign object interfering with drive operation. Use drive guards.
Severe Sheave Groove Wear • Wrong belt. Check to be sure sheave and belt combination is correct.
• Belt tension is excessive. Check drive design and retension.
• Sand, debris or contamination. Clean and shield drive.

14
 Screw Conveyor
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Premature Trough Failure • Trough Gauge (thickness) too light. Increase thickness. Consult
catalog materials table / component series for recommendation.
• Screw deflection. Eliminate excessive deflection. Consult catalog for
calculation procedure to determine proper pipe size and screw length.
• Bent screw. Straighten or replace. Check before operation.
Accelerated Flight Tip Wear • Gauge (thickness) too light. Increase thickness. Consider hardfacing or use
abrasion resistant materials.
• RPM too high. Slow conveyor down. Consult catalog engineering
section to determine proper trough loading.
Coupling Shaft Breakage • Torque capacity insufficient. Increase torque capacity or use larger shaft.
Check motor amp demand for torque requirements.
• Incorrect alignment. Realign trough assembly and hangers in accordance
with installation instructions.
• Excessive shaft wear. Replace coupling shaft.
Shaft Hole Elongation • Insufficient numbers of bolts. Increase number of bolts.
• Conveyor subject to “jogging” or too frequent stop/start, or frequent
overloads. Cease jogging or frequent stop/start or overload. If this is not
possible increase bearing capacity of shaft and/or increase number of bolts.
Drive Shaft Breakage • Insufficient torque capacity. Increase torque capacity.
• Obstruction in conveyor. Check screw alignment.
Motor / Heaters Overload • Amp demand excessive for motor. Recheck horsepower calculations.
Check material characteristics. Check capacity. Regulate feed.
• Upset loading conditions. Empty trough. Operate under design
specifications.
Inlet Trough End Bearing Failure • Material getting into bearing. Add or upgrade seal to keep material out of
bearing. Change to outboard bearing.
• Insufficient lubrication. Lubricate properly.
• Shaft slope. Align screw. Check for excessive screw deflection and for bent
screw.
Discharge Trough End Bearing • Material getting into bearing. Add or upgrade seal. Change to outboard
Failure bearing. Cut off flight at center of discharge.
Hanger Bearing Failure • Incorrect alignment. Realign trough assembly and hanger.
• Heat due to hot material being conveyed. Use appropriate bearing material.
• Heat due to insufficient lubrication. Properly lubricate.
• Thrust due to pipe pressing on bearing insert. Check coupling bolts
and holes for elongation and wear. Replace as necessary to get proper
clearances.
• Improper bearing material. For material being conveyed consult
catalog for proper bearing.
• Improper speed. For material being conveyed consult catalog for
proper speed.
• Improper trough loading. For material being conveyed consult
catalog for proper trough loading.

15
 Drag Conveyor
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Premature Trough Failure • Gauge too light. Increase thickness. Consult catalog materials table /
component series for recommendation.
• Worn Flights. Replace flights.
• Excessive chain speed. Check speed.
Accelerated Flight Wear • Excessive heat. Change flight material. UHMW limited to 175ºF.
• Speed too high. Slow drag down. Consult catalog engineering section to
determine proper speed.
Chain Breakage • Worn chain. Change chain if worn.
• Take-up loose. Adjust take-up.
Drive Shaft Breakage • Insufficient torque capacity. Increase torque capacity.
• Obstruction in conveyor. Check sprocket alignment.
Motor/Heaters Overload • Amp demand excessive for motor. Recheck horsepower calculations.
Check material characteristics. Check capacity. Assure regulated feed.
Inlet Trough End Bearing Failure • Material getting into bearing. Add or upgrade seal to keep material out of
bearing. Change to outboard bearing.
• Insufficient lubrication. Lubricate properly.
Discharge Trough End Bearing • Material getting into bearing. Add or upgrade seal to keep material out of
Failure bearing. Change to outboard bearing.

Bucket Elevator
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Elevator Vibrates • Foreign matter in boot.
• Excessively tight chain/belt.
• Excessively loose chain/belt.
• Loose or broken buckets.
• Buckets hitting bib plate.
• Misaligned elevator head and boot shaft. Check alignment.
• Elevator is not adequately braced. Refer to installation instructions.
• Chain/belt hitting inside of casing when casing is not plumb.
Elevator Will Not Start • Obstruction in boot.
• Electrical problem.
• Backstop incorrectly installed.
• Broken V-Belts or drive chains.
• Reducer failure.
• Boot plugged with material.
• Excessively tight chain/belt.
Pillow Blocks Get Hot • Over lubrication. Lubricate properly.
• Under lubrication. Lubricate properly.
• Excessive chain/belt tension.
• Misalignment of head shaft pillow blocks. Check alignment.
• Misalignment between head and boot shaft. Check alignment.
Elevator Not Discharging Properly • Speed incorrect. Consult factory.
• Air cushion. Vent compartment being discharged into.
• Light fluffy materials. Reduce speed up to 15%.
• Certain materials may require perforated buckets*.
• Some materials may be affected by static electricity.*
* Consult with .
16
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
TROUGHING IDLER 1 HEAD/DRIVE
PULLEY
Rim Face

R End Disk
T IDLE
IMPAC

BLY
ASSEM
T BED
IMPAC PRIMARY
BELT CLEANER
2 SNUB
PULLEY
SECONDARY
BELT CLEANER
Hub &
Bushing DRUM PULLEY
3 TAKE-UP

6 RETURN
BEND PULLEY
5 TAIL
PULLEY IDLER 3 TAKE-UP
BEND Contact Bar Gusset
PULLEY
4 TAKE-UP
PULLEY Wing

1. Head Pulley. The pulley at the discharge end of a conveyor belt; may be either an
idler or a drive pulley. This is usually a drum pulley and it has a larger diameter than
other pulleys in the system and is often lagged to increase traction and pulley life.
2. Snub Pulley. This is usually a drum pulley and is mounted close to the drive pulley
on the return side of the belt, the snub pulleys primary job is to increase the angle of Hub
wrap around the drive pulley, thereby increasing traction. Its secondary purpose is
reducing belt tension, which is important in maximizing conveyor component life. May
be lagged for longer wear life. WING PULLEY
3. Take-Up Bend Pulley. The bend pulley is usually a drum pulley and is used for
changing the direction of the belt running to the gravity take-up. May be lagged for
longer wear life.
4. Take-Up Pulley. An adjustable idler pulley (usually a wing pulley) to accommodate
changes in the length of a conveyor belt to maintain proper tension.
5. Tail Pulley. A pulley at the tail of the belt conveyor opposite the normal discharge
end; it is usually a wing pulley and adjustable if manual take up is used.
6. Return Idler. The idler or roller on which the conveyor belt rides after the load which
it was carrying has been dumped.

Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action

Belt Wear / Breakage
Excessive Bottom Cover • Material build-up (on pulleys and idlers). Remove the accumulation and install
Wear cleaning devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
• Idlers frozen. Free the idlers.
• Breaker strip missing or inadequate. When service is lost, install belt with proper
breaker strip.
• Insufficient traction between belt and pulley. Increase wrap with snub pulleys. Lag
drive pulley. In wet conditions use grooved lagging. Install the correct cleaning devices
on belt and centrifugal switch for safety.
• Material falling between belt and pulley. Use skirtboards properly. Remove
accumulation.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions. Repair loose bolts protruding.
• Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew.
Use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into cuts
and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal metal
fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection
against rain, snow, or sun.
Belt Folding Over on Itself • Severe pulley crowning
• Material buildup
• • Component alignment
Short Breaks in Carcass • Impact of material on belt. Redesign chute so as to reduce impact; install impact
Parallel to Belt Edge, Start idlers, or impact bed.
Breaks in Carcass • Material trapped between belt and pulley. Install plows or scrapers on return run
ahead of tail pulley.
Belt Sag • Insufficient belt tension or improper idler placement. Adjust placement of idlers
and adjust belt tension as necessary.
17
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Belt Splices are Separating • Particles from buildup migrate and grind into top cover and in between small
imperfections in a belt splice. Use good quality skirting at loading points and other
spots where spillage is likely. Install lagging on the head and snub pulleys. Install a
belt plow to prevent trapping material between the belt and tail pulley.
Vulcanized Splice • Pulleys too small. Use larger diameter pulley.
Separation • Drive underbelted. Recalculate maximum belt tensions and select correct belt. If line
is over-extended, consider using two flight system with transfer point. If carcass is not
rigid enough for load, install belt with proper flexibility when service is lost.
• Material build-up (on pulleys and idlers). Remove accumulation and install
cleaning devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
• Excessive tension. Recalculate tension and use appropriate belt
• Insufficient traction between belt and pulley. Increase wrap with snub pulleys. Lag
drive pulley. In wet conditions use grooved lagging. Install correct cleaning devices on
belt and centrifugal switch for safety.
• Belt improperly spliced. Retighten after running for a short while. If improperly
spliced, remove old splice and resplice. Set up regular inspection schedule.
Belt Hardens Or Cracks • Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew:
use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into
cuts and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal
metal fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection
against rain, snow, or sun.
• Pulleys too small. Use a larger diameter pulley.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions. Repair loose bolts protruding.
Cover Swells Or Softens In • Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew:
Spots use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into
cuts and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal
metal fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection
against rain, snow, or sun. Do not over lubricate idlers.
Covers Harden or Crack • Heat or chemical damage. Use belt designed for specific condition.
• Improper storage or handling. Follow recommendations for proper storage or
handling instructions.
Cover Blisters or Sand • Cover cuts or very small cover punctures allow fines to work under cover and
Blisters cut cover away from carcass. Make spot repair with vulcanizer or self-curing repair
material.
• Spilled oil or grease. Over-lubrication of idlers; improve housekeeping; reduce
quantity of grease used; check grease seals.
Ply Separation • Insufficient traverse stiffness. Replace with the proper belt.
• Excessive tension. Recalculate and adjust tension. Use vulcanized splice with
recommended limits.
• Pulleys too small. Use larger diameter pulleys.
• Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew:
use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into
cuts and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal
metal fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection
against rain, snow, or sun.
• Excessive impact on belt and splice.
• Edge worn or broken: (permitting moisture penetration and belt shrinkage on
one side). Repair belt edge. Remove badly worn or out-of-square section and splice
in new piece of belt.
• Belt edge contacting structure. Check for obstructions.
• Belt speed too fast. Reduce speed.

18
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Belt Breaks At Or Behind • Belt improperly spliced or wrong fasteners. Use fasteners recommended by the
Fasteners, Or Fasteners manufacturer. Retighten after running for a short while. If improperly spliced remove old
Tear Loose splice and resplice. Set up regular inspection schedule.
• Pulleys too small. Use a larger diameter pulley.
• Excessive tension. Recalculate and adjust tension. Use vulcanized splice with
recommended limits.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions. Repair loose bolts protruding.
• Material falling between belt and pulley. Use skirtboards properly. Remove
accumulation.
• Drive underbelted. Recalculate maximum belt tensions and select correct belt. If line is
over-extended, consider using two flight system with transfer point. If carcass is not rigid
enough for load, install belt with proper flexibility when service is lost.
• Counterweight too heavy. Recalculate weight and adjust counterweight accordingly.
Reduce take-up tension to point of slippage; retighten slightly.
• Differential speed wrong on dual pulleys. Make necessary adjustment and observe
operation closely.
Excessive Belt Stretch • Tension too high. Increase speed, same tonnage, same speed; improve maintenance
to remove friction and replacement of damaged idlers; decrease tension by increasing
arc of contact or go to lagged pulley; reduce CWT to minimum amount. Use vulcanized
splice with recommended limits.
• System underbelted. Recalculate belt tensions and select proper belt. Recalculate
maximum belt tensions and select correct belt. If line is over-extended, consider using
two flight system with transfer point. If carcass is not rigid enough for load, install belt
with proper flexibility when service is lost.
• Build-up of material on idlers. Remove accumulation; improve maintenance. Install
scrapers or other cleaning devices.
• Counterweight too heavy. Lighten counterweight to value required by calculations.
• Differential speed wrong on dual pulleys. Make necessary adjustment and observe
operation closely.
• Insufficient counterweight travel. Check for recommended minimum distances.
• Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew.
Use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into cuts
and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal metal
fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection against
rain, snow, or sun.
Belt Breaks at or Behind • Fastener plates too long for pulley size. Replace with smaller fasteners; increase
Fasteners: Fasteners Pull pulley size.
Out • Wrong type of fastener, fasteners too tight or too loose. Use proper fastener and
splice technique; set up schedule for regular fastener inspection.
• Tension too high for fasteners. Use vulcanized splice.
• Pulleys too small. Use larger diameter pulleys.
• Interference from belt scrapers. Adjust belt scrapers.
• Belt carcass too light. Select stronger carcass.
Excessive Top Cover • Dirty, stuck, or misaligned return rolls. Remove accumulations; install cleaning
Wear, Uniform Around devices; use self-cleaning return rolls; improve maintenance and lubrication.
Belt • Cover quality too low. Replace with belt of heavier cover gauge or higher quality
rubber or other elastomer.
• Material spillage and build-up. Improve loading and transfer conditions; install cleaning
devices; improve maintenance.
• Off-center loading or poor loading. Adjust chute to place load on center of belt;
discharge material in direction of belt travel at or near belt speed.
• Excessive sag between idlers causing load to work and shuffle on belt as it
passes over idlers. Increase tension if unnecessarily low; reduce idler spacing.

19
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Belt’s Top Cover and • Build-up on the snub pulley and return idlers often wears the top cover. Reduce
Belt Edges are Wearing the wear by installing rubber or plastic sleeves on the return idlers and smooth lagging
Excessively on the snub pulley.
• Improper load can also damage the top cover and belt edges.
• Off-center loading or poor loading. Adjust chute to place load on center of belt;
discharge material in direction of belt travel at or near belt speed.
• Create a stable, positive seal between the chute’s bottom edge (or skirtboard) and
the belt by using impact rollers or slider beds below the belt, which shape the belt into a
trough. Use good-quality skirting along the belt conveyor to prevent spillage. Avoid using
old belt scraps to make the skirting because they can wear your conveyor belt.
Excessive Top Cover • Skirt boards improperly adjusted or of wrong material. Adjust skirt board supports
Wear, Grooving, Gouges, to minimum 1” between metal and belt with gap increasing in direction of belt travel; use
Rips, Ruptures, And skirt board rubber (not old belt).
Tears Or Stripping Of Top • Relative loading velocity too high or too low. Adjust chutes or belt speed. Consider
Cover use of impact idlers. Observe operation closely.
• Load jams in chute. Redesign chute for proper angle and width. Feed should be in
direction of belt travel and at belt speed, centered on the belt. Control flow with feeders,
chutes and skirtboards.
• Material hanging up in or under chute. Improve loading to reduce spillage; install
baffles; widen chute.
• Impact of material on belt. Reduce impact by improving chute design; install impact
idlers, or impact bed.
• Sharp edges of material or tramp iron coming in contact with cover. Use jingle
bars; impact idlers; magnetic removal equipment.
• Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew:
use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into cuts
and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal metal
fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection against
rain, snow, or sun.
• Breaker strip missing or inadequate. When service is lost, install belt with proper
breaker strip.
• Sticking or frozen idlers. Free idlers and improve maintenance and lubrication.
Carcass Fatigue at Idler • Improper transition between troughed belt and terminal pulleys. Adjust transition.
• Severe convex (hump) vertical curve. Decrease idler spacing in curve, increase curve
radius.
• Excessive forward tilt of trough rolls. Reduce forward tilt of idlers to no more than 2°
from vertical.
• Excess gap between idlers rolls. Replace with heavier belt.
• Insufficient transverse stiffness. Replace with the proper belt.
• Excessive sag between idlers causing load to work and shuffle on belt as it
passes over idlers. Increase tension if unnecessarily low; reduce idler spacing.
Fabric Decay, Carcass • Excessive impact of material on belt or fasteners. Use correctly designed chutes
Cracks, Gouges, and baffles. Make vulcanized splices. Install impact idlers. Where possible, load fines
Ruptures, Soft Spots first. Where material is trapped under skirts, adjust skirtboards to minimum clearance or
install cushioning idlers to hold belt against skirts.
• Material falling between belt and pulley. Use skirtboards properly. Remove
accumulation.
• Breaker strip missing or inadequate. When service is lost, install belt with proper
breaker strip.
• Drive underbelted. Recalculate maximum belt tensions and select correct belt. If the
line is over-extended, consider using two flight system with transfer point. If carcass is
not rigid enough for load, install belt with proper flexibility when service is lost.
• Damage by acids, oils, chemicals, or deterioration by heat, abrasives or mildew.
Use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into cuts
and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal metal
fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection against
rain, snow, or sun. Do not over lubricate idlers.

20
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause /Corrective Action
Belt Cupping - Old Belt • Spilled oil or grease. Over-lubrication of idlers; improve housekeeping; reduce quantity
(Was OK When New) of grease used; check grease seals.
• Heat or chemical damage. Use belt designed for specific condition.
• Severe pulley crowning. Replace pulley.
• Poor belt construction. Replace belt.
• Belt too Elastic (excessive tension). Replace belt.
Transverse Breaks at Belt • Belt edges folding up on structure. Idlers or pulleys out-of square with center line of
Edge belt: readjust idlers in affected area. Conveyor frame or structure crooked: straighten in
affected area. Idler stands not centered on belt: readjust idlers in affected area. Install
limit switches; provide more clearance.
• Improper transition between troughed belt and terminal pulleys. Adjust transition in
accordance with belt manufacturers recommendations.
• Severe convex (hump) vertical curve. Decrease idler spacing in curve; increase curve
radius.
Excessive Edge Wear, • Off-center loading or poor loading. Adjust chute to place load on center of belt;
Broken Edges discharge material in direction of belt travel at or near belt speed. Control flow with
feeders, chutes and skirtboards.
• Belt strained (or elongated on one side). Allow enough time for new belt to “break in”.
If belt does not break in properly or is not new, remove strained section and splice in
new piece.
• Bowed belt. For new belt this condition should disappear during break-in; in rare
instances belt must be straightened or replaced; check storage and handling of belt rolls.
• Damage by acids, chemicals, oils, or deterioration by abrasives, heat or mildew.
Use belt designed for specific condition. For abrasive materials working into cuts
and between plies, repair with cold pack or with permanent repair patch. Seal metal
fasteners or replace with vulcanized step splice. Enclose belt line for protection against
rain, snow, or sun. Do not over lubricate idlers.
• Material spillage and build-up. Improve loading and transfer conditions; install
cleaning devices; improve maintenance.
• Belt improperly spliced. Resplice using proper method as recommended by belt
manufacturer.
• Belt hitting structure. Install training idlers on carrying and return run.
Pulley / Drive Problems
Severe Pulley Cover Wear • Sticking idlers. Free idlers and improve maintenance and lubrication.
• Slippage on drive pulley. Increase tension through screw take-up or add
counterweight; lag drive pulley; increase arc of contact.
• Material spillage and build-up. Improve loading and transfer conditions; install cleaning
devices; improve maintenance.
• Material trapped between belt and pulley. Install plows or scrapers on return run
ahead of tail pulley.
• Bolt heads protruding above lagging. Tighten bolts; replace lagging; use vulcanized-
on lagging.
• Excessive forward tilt of trough rolls. Reduce forward tilt of idlers to no more than 2°
from vertical.
Tracking Problem
Belt Runs To One Side • Idlers or pulley shaft out of square with center line of conveyor. Realign and install
Throughout The Entire limit switches for greater safety. Check conveyor manufacturer’s manual or guide.
Length At Specific Idler • Improperly placed idlers. Relocate idlers or insert additional idlers spaced to support
belt.
• Material build-up (on pulley and idlers). Remove accumulation and install cleaning
devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
Erratic Tracking - • Off-center loading. Adjust chute and loading conditions so as to place load in the
Belt Runs Off-Line At center of belt.
Intermittent Points • Idlers/pulleys misaligned.
• Insufficient pulley crowning.
• Material buildup.
• Belt is too stiff to train. Use self-aligning idlers. Increase tension/conforms to crowns.
Use more flexible belt on replacement.
• Tilt troughing idlers forward, but not over 2 degrees. Use more troughable belt.
21
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
Belt Runs Off at Tail • Counterweight too light. Recalculate weight required and adjust or add to
Pulley counterweight or screw takeup accordingly.
• Belt running off-center around the tail pulley and through the loading area. Install
training idlers on the return run prior to tail pulley.
• Material spillage and build-up. Improve loading and transfer conditions; install cleaning
devices; improve maintenance.
• Idlers or pulleys out-of square with center line of belt. Readjust idlers in affected
area.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions.
Belt Slips on Starting • Insufficient traction between belt and pulley. Lag drive pulley; increase belt wrap;
install belt cleaning devices.
• Counterweight too light. Add counterweight or increase screw take-up tension to value
determined from calculations.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace pulley lagging.
• Pulleys too small. Use larger diameter pulleys.
• Improper initial positioning of counterweight in its carriage causing apparent
excessive belt stretch. Check for recommended initial position.
• Insufficient counterweight travel. Check for recommended minimum distances.
Belt Mistracks at Head • Idlers/pulleys misaligned. Realign and install limit switches for greater safety. Check
Pulley conveyor manufacturer’s manual or guide.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions. Repair loose bolts protruding.
• Material buildup (on pulleys and idlers). Remove accumulation and install cleaning
devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
• Improperly placed idlers. Relocate idlers or insert additional idlers spaced to support
belt.
• Off-center loading.
Belt Runs Off at All • Skirts incorrectly placed. Install skirtboards so that they do not rub against belt.
Points of the Line • Improper Loading. Feed should be in direction of belt travel and at belt speed, centered
on the belt. Control flow with feeders, chutes and skirtboards.
• Idlers or pulley shaft out of square with center line of conveyor. Realign and install
limit switches for greater safety. Check conveyor manufacturer’s manual or guide.
• Material build-up (on pulleys and idlers). Remove accumulation and install cleaning
devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
• Belt strained (or elongated on one side). Allow enough time for new belt to “break in”.
If belt does not break in properly or is not new, remove strained section and splice in
new piece.
• Improperly placed idlers. Relocate idlers or insert additional idlers spaced to support
belt.
Belt Mistracks at Tail • Insufficient belt tension.
Pulley • Idlers/pulley misaligned. Realign and install limit switches for greater safety. Check
conveyor manufacturer’s manual or guide.
Idlers seized. Free the idlers.
• Material build-up (on pulley and idlers). Remove accumulation and install cleaning
devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
• Insufficient pulley crowning.
• Counterweight too light: recalculate weight and adjust counter weight or screw take-up
accordingly.
• Improper Loading. Feed should be in direction of belt travel and at belt speed, centered
on the belt. Control flow with feeders, chutes and skirtboards.

22
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
One Section Runs Off • Pulleys not parallel, level, square.
Line at All Conveyor • Insufficient pulley crowning.
Points • Damage by chemicals, heat, mechanical components.
• Belt camber. Avoid telescoping belt rolls or storing them in damp locations. A new belt
should straighten out when “broken in” or complete system must be reinspected.
• Improper splice procedure/technique. Square ends/resplice. Use fasteners
recommended by the manufacturer. Retighten after running for a short while. If
improperly spliced, remove old splice and resplice. Set up regular inspection schedule.
• Side Loading. Load in direction of belt travel.
• Edge worn or Broken (permitting moisture penetration and belt shrinkage on one
side). Repair belt edge. Remove badly worn or out-of-square section and splice in new
piece of belt.
Belt Runs True When • Off-center loading or poor loading. Adjust chute to place load on center of belt;
Empty, Crooked When discharge material in direction of belt travel at or near belt speed.
Loaded • Variations in nature and formation of load. Use notched chute to keep load peak in
exact center of belt.
• Belt not making good contact with all idlers. Adjust height so all idlers contact belt.
Belt Runs to One Side at • Build-up of material on idlers. Remove accumulation; improve maintenance. Install
Given Point on Structure scrapers or other cleaning devices.
• Sticking idlers. Free idlers and improve maintenance and lubrication.
• Idlers or pulleys out-of square with center line of belt. Readjust idlers in affected
area.
• Conveyor frame or structure crooked. Straighten in affected area.
• Idler stands not centered on belt. Readjust idlers in affected area.
• Structure not level. Level structure in affected area.
Belt Mistracks and Runs • Spillage and worn lagging can cause material to build-up between the head pulley
Off at the Head Pulley and belt. Prevent the spillage and buildup by installing a slider-bedskirt board system
at the loading point and a belt scraper at the head pulley. If your conveying conditions
are wet and sticky, use grooved lagging on the head pulley; the grooves repel water and
help prevent buildup on the belt. Improve maintenance.
• Idlers or pulleys out-of square with center line of belt. Readjust idlers in affected
area.
• Idler stands not centered on belt. Readjust idlers in affected area.
Belts Runs to One Side • Idlers or pulley shaft out of square with center line of conveyor. Realign and install
Throughout the Entire limit switches for greater safety. Check conveyor manufacturer’s manual or guide.
Length at Specific Idler • Improperly placed idlers. Relocate idlers or insert additional idlers spaced to support
belt.
• Material build-up (on pulley and idlers). Remove accumulation and install cleaning
devices, scrapers, and inverted “V” decking.
Belt Slips • Insufficient traction between belt and pulley. Lag drive pulley - in wet conditions use
grooved lagging. Increase belt wrap with snub pulleys; install belt cleaning devices and
centrifugal switch for safety.
• Pulley lagging worn. Replace pulley lagging. Ceramic lagging provides an excellent
solution when conventional rubber lagging fails to correct belt slippage and premature
wear.
• Counterweight too light. Add counterweight or increase screw take-up tension to value
determined from calculations.
• Material spillage and build-up. Improve loading and transfer conditions; install cleaning
devices; improve maintenance.
• Sticking or frozen idlers. Free idlers and improve maintenance and lubrication.
• Pulleys too small. Use larger diameter pulleys.

23
 Heavy-Duty Conveyor Pulleys / Belt Conveyors
Type of Failure Probable Cause / Corrective Action
All Portions of Conveyor • One or more idlers immediately preceding trouble point not at right angles to the
Belt Running to One direction of belt travel. Advance, in the direction of belt travel, the end of the idler to
Side at a Given Point on which the belt has shifted. Square idlers.
Structure • Conveyor frame or structure crooked. Stretch string along edge to determine extent
and make correction.
• One or more idler stands not centered under belt. Center them. Same as above.
• Sticking idlers. Clean and lubricate.
• Belt runs off terminal pulley. Check terminal pulley assignment. Check alignments of
idlers approaching terminal pulley.
• Build-up of material on idlers. Clean them. Install cleaning device.
• Structure not level and belt tends to shift to low side. Level structure.
Particular Section of Belt • Belt not joined squarely. Remove affected splice and resplice.
Runs to One Side at All • Bowed belt. For new belt this condition should disappear during break-in; in rare
Points of Conveyor instances belt must be straightened or replaced; check storage and handling of belt rolls.
• Worn edge. “Press edge”.
Belt Runs to One Side for • Belt running off-center around the tail pulley and through the loading area. Install
Long Distance or Entire training idlers on the return run prior to tail pulley.
Length of Conveyor • Off-center loading or poor loading, the result of buildup in your chutes. Install
non-stick, wear-resistant (rubber for example) chute liners to center and evenly distribute
the load on the belt. Choose the liner material carefully to ensure it can resist wear
from contacting your conveyed material. Adjust chute to place load on center of belt;
discharge material in direction of belt travel at or near belt speed.
• Build-up of material on idlers. Remove accumulation; improve maintenance. Install
scrapers or other cleaning devices.
• Idlers or pulleys out-of square with center line of belt. Readjust idlers in affected area.
• Conveyor frame or structure crooked. Straighten in affected area.
• Idler stands not centered on belt. Readjust idlers in affected area.

24
 Properties of Steel
The information shown below is offered as a general guide to physical properties of steel in common use. Lower tensile
properties are to be expected in large sections; the values of strength decrease as the size of the section increases.
These values are not guaranteed and must NOT be used in specifying the raw materials or as a basis for acceptance
or rejection of material. It must not be assumed that these properties will be obtained in all cases as they vary widely
with permissible variations in analysis, size of section, rolling conditions, grain size, and methods of heat treatment.
Dependable physical properties can only be obtained through carefully controlled analysis and heat treatment.

Average Properties of Standard Steel

AISI SAE Strength in 1000 PSI % Elong. % Red. Hardness Machinability % of
Condition of Steel
Number Number Tensile Yield in 2" of Area Brinell Rockwell B1112 CD
B1112 1112 COLD DRAWN BESSEMER 75-90 60-70 12-16 40-50 170-185 80-95B 100
C1018 1018 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 55-70 40-50 25-35 50-65 120-140 ...... 55
COLD DRAWN 70-85 50-70 18-25 45-55 160-180 80-90B 65
1" RD. CARBURIZED AT 1700°F, COOLED IN BOX,
REHEATED, QUENCHED – CORE PROPERTIES 90-100 60-80 10-22 35-50 200-230 93-98B ......
C1020 1020 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 60-80 40-50 25-35 50-65 120-145 60-98B 50
COLD DRAWN 70-80 45-70 15-25 45-60 120-160 70-85B 60
C1117 1117 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 60-70 37-47 20-30 45-60 135-150 ...... 80
COLD DRAWN 80-90 60-75 15-20 40-50 160-190 80-90B 90
1" RD. CARBURIZED AT 1700°F, COOLED IN BOX,
REHEATED, QUENCHED – CORE PROPERTIES 95-110 60-85 10-25 35-50 210-240 15-22C ......
C1035 1035 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 75-85 40-55 18-25 40-55 155-175 ...... 60
COLD DRAWN 85-95 65-80 15-25 40-50 170-200 85-95B 65
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 95-105 70-80 20-25 55-60 195-220 93-98B 55
C1040 1040 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 80-90 45-55 18-25 35-50 165-185 ...... 60
COLD DRAWN 90-100 70-85 14-20 35-50 190-215 91-98B 62
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 100-110 75-85 15-25 45-60 210-240 17-23C 52
C1042 1042 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 85-95 50-60 15-25 35-50 175-205 ...... 58
COLD DRAWN 90-105 75-90 12-20 30-45 185-215 ...... 60
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 105-120 80-90 15-25 40-60 215-250 ...... ......
C1045 1045 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 85-105 50-65 15-25 35-45 175-215 ...... 55
COLD DRAWN 90-110 75-90 12-20 30-45 195-230 95-99B 58
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 110-130 80-95 12-25 40-55 235-260 22-26C 47
C1141 1141 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 90-110 60-80 15-25 25-45 180-220 ...... 65
COLD DRAWN 100-120 85-105 8-18 20-50 195-230 ...... 70
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 120-145 100-130 10-20 35-50 270-310 ...... ......
C1144 1144 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 95-110 60-85 15-25 30-45 200-240 ...... 75
COLD DRAWN 100-120 90-115 7-17 20-45 210-245 17-23C 85
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 130-150 110-130 15 45 286-302 29-31C ......
C1050 1050 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 95-110 55-70 15-20 25-40 210-325 ...... 50
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 115-135 85-100 10-22 35-50 240-265 23-27C ......
4140 4140 HOT ROLLED, ANNEALED 90-100 60-70 20-30 50-60 185-210 91-95B 55
COLD DRAWN, ANNEALED 110-120 85-95 15-25 45-55 230-250 20-25C 65
HEAT TREATED, COLD DRAWN. 140-155 125-140 12-20 45-55 270-300 26-30C 45
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 150-160 130-140 15-20 50-60 320-350 34-37C ......
2" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 145-155 125-135 15-20 50-60 320-345 33-36C ......
3" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 130-145 115-125 15-20 55-65 280-310 28-32C ......
E52100 52100 HOT ROLLED, ANNEALED . 100-110 75-85 20-25 50-60 210-235 ...... 45
1"" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 180-195 65-80 10-15 35-45 375-415 40-43C ......
8620 8620 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 90-95 55-65 18-25 45-60 160-200 85-95B 55
COLD DRAWN 90-105 65-80 15-25 40-50 185-215 90-96B 60-70
1" RD. CARBURIZED 1700°F., COOLED IN BOX,
REHEATED, QUENCHED – CORE PROPERTIES 120-135 90-110 15-20 40-50 285-350 28-40C ......
8645 8645 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 105-125 55-75 15-25 35-50 220-270 20-28C 48-55
HOT ROLLED, ANNEALED 100-110 50-60 20-25 40-55 210-230 17-21C 54
2" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 140-150 110-125 15-20 45-55 300-320 30-34C ......
3" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 130-140 105-115 15-20 50-60 285-310 29-32C ......
8742 8742 NATURAL HOT ROLLED 110-125 50-70 15-25 35-50 230-270 22-28C 45-50
COLD DRAWN, ANNEALED 105-120 95-105 10-18 35-45 210-235 95-99B 60
1" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 155-165 135-145 15-20 45-52 330-335 35-38C ......
2" RD. QUENCHED, TEMPERED 1000°F 135-145 110-120 15-20 50-60 290-320 30-33C ......
25
Corporate Offices

USA
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Branch Manufacturing Plants

Roller Chain Sprockets Engineering Class Gears
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+52 811-156-6830 (FAX +52 811-156-6833) Idlers Screw Conveyors Drag Conveyor

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BRAZIL

Heavy-Duty Engineered Class Clean FlightTM Wing

Conveyor Pulleys Conveyor Pulleys Conveyor Pulley

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