UNIVERSITY TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

BFC 32202 ENGINEERS AND SOCIETY

THEME: AWARENESS OF FUTURE ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS

THE SOCIETY’S DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT TITLE: AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER IN HIGHWAY

AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOWARDS THE SOCIETY’S DEVELOPMENT

NAME OF LECTURER: IR. MUSTAFA KAMAL BIN SHAMSHUDDIN

SECTION: 2

GROUP NUMBER: 5

NO NAME MATRIC NUMBER

1 SITI BALQIS BINTI SUBIR DF200124
2 IRFAN BIN ABD MUTALIB DF200066
3 ABDIKARIM MOHAMAD NUR BF190004
4 NAEEMAN FUZAIRI BIN NORAZLIN DF200103
5 YAKA ARIA MOHAMAD BIN SUGIYO DF200135
6 SITI NUR AMANI ALIA BINTI MAT NAWI DF200138
 GROUP 5 ORGANIZATION CHART

Project leader: Naeeman Fuzairi Bin Norazlin

Project Assistant: Abdikarim Mohamad Nur

Member 2: Member 3:
Member 1: Member 4:

Siti Nur Yaka Aria

Siti Balqis Binti Irfan Bin Abd
Amani Alia Mohamad Bin
Subir Mutalib
Binti Mat Sugiyo

Nawi

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 GROUP 5 JOB SCOPE

Position Description
• Coordinator for project meeting
• Responsible to provide and monitor members’ task
Project Leader • Editor of report project
• Contributors for the project ideas
• Checker of report project
• Contributors for the project ideas
• Provide the last summary of the project report
Project Assistant
• Responsible to provide minute of meeting

• Coordinator for project meeting

• Contributors for the questionnaire editor (google form)
Member 1 • Responsible to determine the roles of civil engineers towards society,
environment and economy
• Checker of report project
• Coordinator for project meeting
• Contributors for the project ideas
Member 2
• Responsible to provide the executive introduction of the project.
• Helping editor of questionnaire for analytical purposes
• Coordinator for project meeting
• Contributors for the project ideas
• Responsible to provide project progress log book, determine roles of
Member 3
civil engineers towards highway engineering, conduct analysis of
findings project.
• Checker for project report
• Coordinator for project meeting
• Contributors for the project ideas
Member 4
• Responsible to provide the video and slide presentation
• Video content video and voice over coordinator

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Concept of Engineering Professions

Based on Wikipedia (2021) engineer can define as professionals who invent, design, analyse,
build, and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets, and materials to meet
functional objectives and requirements while keeping practicality, regulation, safety, and cost
constraints in mind. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline specializing in
the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, such
as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of
buildings, and railways.

A civil engineer is one who works in engineering field, which is the implementation of
planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, but also operating infrastructure whilst also
protecting public and environmental health and improving existing infrastructure that has been
omitted (Wikipedia 2021). Nowadays, civil engineers have an importance role in designing,
constructing and managing building in other wise prioritize in 3P’s concept which is people,
planet and profit. In that fact, engineering field main point for the rapidly developing country.

McNeil (2020) stated that unimaginable our universe without field of engineering, and yet we
can be certain the magnificent man-made structures which dot our landscape will be missing
besides as things stand, civil engineering will continue to play an important role in human
civilizations for a long time to come.

According to online school report (2021) civil engineers are among our society's greatest vital
engineers. Simplest terms, in need of civil engineers the modernism will not occur. Civil
engineers were the first engineers, and they are still dedicated to the technology development
for the social interest moreover people from a different field rely on the expertise of civil
engineers (Civil 2020). Furthermore, civil engineering is a broad field with ramifications that
extend beyond engineering.

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Not only focused on contributed on contrive building civil engineers also contributed on
construct road, dam, bridge and so on. From better water supplies, municipal sewer systems,
and waste water treatment plants to the design of buildings to protect us from natural hazards
and provide health care, to improved agriculture through water resource development and
distribution projects, to rapid and dramatic changes in transportation systems, civil engineers
have developed the basic infrastructure on which rely (Civil 2020). Aerospace, biomedical,
chemical, computer, electrical, electronics, environmental, mechanical, metallurgical, and
resource engineering are some of the engineering fields

1.2 Objectives

a) To identify roles of civil engineers in highway engineering.

b) To identify engineers’ roles in environment.
c) To spread awareness regarding civil engineering profession.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Roles of Civil Engineers in Highway Engineering

According to Wikipedia, highway engineering is an engineering discipline that is one of the
branches in civil engineering. Highway engineering covers from planning, designing,
construction, operation as well as maintenance of bridges, roads and tunnel in order to ensure
safe and effective transportation of goods and people. Civil engineers that under the subdivision
of highway engineers is called highway engineers generally. There are few roles of highway
engineers listed as below;

i. Designing local road schemes and maintaining the road network, including
structures such as bridges. Designing meaning determining the most appropriate
location, alignment and that will also be including the shape of highway during this
design phase. Usually during design phase, three major factors are taken into account,
which are human, vehicular and roadway and how these factors interact so that a safe
highway can be provided.
ii. Estimating construction, innovation, technology implementation and maintenance
costs. The growth of commerce, educational institutions, housing and defense have
largely drawn from government budgets, making the financing of public highways a
challenge. The multipurpose characteristics of highways, economic environment and
the advances in highway pricing technology are constantly changing. Therefore, the
approaches to highway financing, management and maintenance are constantly
changing as well.
iii. Undertaking risk assessment for a safer road pavement available for users and
society. It’s a study involves risk identification, risk classification, risk analysis and
ranking of risks using Relative Importance Index (RII). Management of safety is a
systematic process that strives to reduce the occurrence and severity of traffic accidents.
The key for increasing the safety of highway system is to design, build and maintain
them to be far more tolerant of the average range of man or machine interaction with
highways

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 iv. Planning and supervising new and existing projects. The highway planning is also
a basic need for highway development. Highway engineers strive to predict and analyze
all possible of civil impact of highway systems. Some considerations are the adverse
effects on the environment such as noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution and
other ecological impacts.
v. Evaluating the value of nature during construction phase. There are three key steps
for integrating environmental consideration into the planning, scheduling construction
and maintenance of highways. This process known as Environmental Impact
Assessment or EIA that usually deals with following elements; identification of the full
range of possible impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment, evaluation
and quantification of these impacts and formulation of measure to avoid, mitigate and
compensate for the anticipated impacts.
vi. Undertaking new road scheme designs to the highest appropriate technical
standard. Standard apply in terms of material of construction. For example, in
Malaysia the standards of construction material categorized depending on what type of
the specific ingredient. Coarse aggregate for drainage layer, sand, gravel or crushed
aggregate for sub-base. Road base are using crushed aggregate either crushed rock,
crushed gravel or mixture of the both. All the material stated hall be hard, durable, clean
and essentially free from clay and other deleterious materials.
vii. Ensuring that projects are delivered on time and within budget that satisfies the
client’s demand. Clients play an important role in project because they are the ones for
whom a project is usually intended and made use of. Meaning client determine project
scope influence project implementation and test a project’s result. Consequently,
meeting the needs is an important criterion for achieving project success
viii. Dealing with stakeholders including clients, transport specialists and members of
the public. Project stakeholders meaning any group that can have an influence or can
be influence by the project. In other words, stakeholder holding the stake in the project
and after completion, the satisfaction of stakeholders determines project successes.
ix. Preparing tender and contract documents. A tender is an invitation to bid for a
project or accept a formal offer such as a takeover bid. Tendering usually refers to the
process whereby governments and financial institutions invite bids for large project
must be submitted within a finite deadline.

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There are so many roles of civil engineers in the highway engineering. Other roles different
from the above are working with other professionals to build and maintain roads, finding new
solutions to transport problems, planning for highway maintenance and improvement projects,
ensuring roads are kept clear and in optimum states, managing construction teams and adhering
to health and safety guidelines and lastly, assisting with the preparation of design resource
estimates

2.2 Roles of Civil Engineers in Other Sectors

2.2.1 Roles of Civil Engineers Towards Society

Depending on the sort of engineer, an engineer must adhere to a variety of codes of ethics and
engineer behavior. Professional codes are viewed by the majority of engineers as static
statements created by others with little or no involvement from the individual engineer. Some
people are concerned that professional obligations may have overlooked some ethical
considerations like as public safety and welfare, engineers' legal liabilities, environmental
responsibilities, quality, and communication. Engineers must be concerned with social justice
since they are developing new goods and solutions to aid in the creation of a sustainable future
for everybody (Kogler 2016).

Civil engineers contribute significantly to society's quality of life by inventing new products
based on their different way of thinking from the average person, as well as their hard work,
devotion, and abilities (Cherian 2017). One component of civil engineers' responsibilities is to
limit the negative effects that their goods and systems have on communities and society as a
whole. Major infrastructure projects, such as new roads or rail systems, can provide enormous
benefits to a community by increasing connectivity and changing the urban landscape.
However, they can have a negative impact on the local scenery, as well as people's houses and
livelihoods. Civil engineers must work to minimize negative consequences as much as
possible, as well as engage with the impacted community to keep them informed and listen to
their concerns. Engineers can also design those infrastructure systems so that they benefit the
communities they influence, for as by constructing homes or shops (McCarthy 2013).

2.2.2 Roles of Civil Engineers Towards Environment

Civil engineers that technical specialists in environment, concerned about environmental issues
both locally and globally. Engineers apply biology and chemistry ideas to generate
environmental solutions and work in a variety of situations using diverse engineering

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processes. The main goal is to preserve public health by maintaining and improving the
environment. Based on MyKlassroom.Com (2017) civil engineers are responsible for the
design of various pollution control equipment and systems, as well as the building, installation,
implementation, and operation of environmental procedures. They also help to protect animals,
do research on proposed environmental projects, analyse scientific data, conduct quality control
checks, and design municipal and industrial wastewater treatment systems. Environmental
engineers also work to prevent acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and toxic
automotive emissions from occurring and having negative consequences.

Civil engineers have a responsibility to optimize the value of their work in order to contribute
to the creation of a more sustainable world. This necessitates an understanding of what society
expects and what is feasible, as well as an awareness that these things change with time.
Therefore, engineers recognize that, while their action may be local and urgent, their job may
have global and long-term consequences (Qureshi & Nawab 2019).

2.2.3 Roles of Civil Engineers Towards Economy

Civil engineers are essential members of society who may contribute to any country's
development and success. Engineers and scientists will collaborate in the coming century to
further the noble aim of collecting new understanding of the physical and biological worlds.
Civil engineers can make a significant contribution to the economy's strength and sustainability
in the following fields. Infrastructure development is critical to any country's economy. Civil
engineers who specialized in hydrological engineering can play an essential role in the design
and building of dams in Pakistan. Alternative energy resources could also help to solve the
energy dilemma. Civil engineers' roles are typically described in the context of infrastructure
design, but they can also play a significant role in management.

Some civil engineers go on to become CEOs of technology businesses or work in other sections
of the manufacturing, construction, or service industries, or in government, where they need a
distinct set of talents. Some of civil engineers demonstrate that they are outstanding managers
but never desire to be in charge. Early in their careers, some people aspire to be leaders. As a
result, engineers play critical roles that must not be overlooked (Naqvi & Syed 2019).

2.2.4 Comparison of the Roles of Civil Engineers Towards Society, Environment and
Economy

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 Above has explained the roles of civil engineers towards other sectors which includes society,
environment and economy. Evidently, roles of civil engineers contradict for each of the sector
which can be summarized in table as follows;

Table 2.1 Comparison of Civil Engineers Roles Towards Society, Environment and Economy

Roles of Civil Engineers

Towards Society Towards Environment Towards Economy
Developing new items based on Sustain and improve public Make a significant contribution to the
different way of thinking from the health through preserving and economy's strength and sustainability
normal person, the hard work, improving the environment. in the various fields.
dedication, and abilities can
improve society's quality of life.
Reduce the harmful impact of their Environmental procedures, Any country's economy is influenced
products and systems on design, installation, by a variety of elements, including
communities and society as a implementation, and operation investment, environmental
whole. of various pollution control sustainability, education, science and
equipment and systems. technology. Civil engineers are the
cornerstone of a service-oriented
society.
Work to reduce negative outcomes Protected animals, planned Consider the long-term economic
as much as feasible, and connect environmental projects are benefits of physical infrastructure
with the impacted community to researched, scientific data is improvements, in which engineers
keep them informed and listen to analysed, quality control checks played a key role, as well as the
their concerns. are performed, and municipal contributions engineers provide to
and industrial wastewater the knowledge economy and
treatment systems are designed. sustainability.
Designing infrastructure systems, Avert acid rain, global The engineering profession
consider how it will help the areas warming, ozone depletion, and contributes to the economy, through
of society will be affect, such as by harmful automotive emissions direct contributions to economic
building homes or stores. from occurring and causing activity and through the contributions
harm of the areas in which they operate.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

To the purpose of the project to spread awareness of roles of civil engineer towards the society’s
development, a most efficient visual aids platform has been chosen to conduct a survey which
is via Google Form. Due to current situation around the world, an online questionnaire platform
is not untypical because of the restriction to move around freely. Hence, this chosen method is
preferred as it is more relevant to be analyzed, summarized and concluded to measure the
statistical analysis and easier to make further interpretation.

Content of the Google Form includes:

• A set of 5 questions that is required to be filled before a documentary video is displayed.

• A documentary video which highlights the roles of civil engineers in civil engineering
and other sectors.
• The same set of questionnaires as answered before the video-watching is needed to be
responded.
The questions contain in the Google Form are attached at Appendices. A factual video is
inserted in the Google Form which specifically focused on civil engineers’ profession
thoroughly. The set of questionnaires is repeatedly asked is to compare knowledge and
understanding before viewing the documentary video which created based on the objective of
this study case. At the end of the survey, hypothesis can be made whether the documentary
video is helpful and informative to gain cognizance from the society about the civil engineers’
responsibility towards the engineering field, society, environment and economy.

Targeted audience are enclosed to the public with only 10 respondents to be gathered.
Respondents are from University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) who are from varies
course. Feedbacks from respondents will be analyzed to determine whether the objectives of
this project are successfully achieved.

8
 3.2 Summary of Project Study Case Timeline
Table 3.1. Log book of project progress
Topic Attachment
a) Group in WhatsApp was created by Mr.
Naeeman and also all the other members
that included under group 5 has been
added. This action to ensure the ease of
communication and also the distribution
of works are aligned and synchronize as
well.
WEEK 5

b) A meeting was held on 8th November

2021 with the lecturer; Dr. Nursitihazlin
for the briefing of the project and also to
ask some questions regarding the
project. This was done in order to make
sure that the guideline followed are
correct and also implement all the
required elements in the rubric. Few
notes and also minute meeting have been
recorded for attachment later.
a) Meeting with group members was done
on 14th November 2021. The process of
brainstorming idea and also the flow of
the project is being discuss but end
words could not be reached since there
are some confusions happened regarding
WEEK 6

the project instructions. Therefore, the

meeting was ended and also some of the
question was listed before forward it to
lecturer to seek info. This was done so
that the group can have an accurate
guideline and the main scope of the
project can be decided.

9
 b) Feedback regarding the issue raised has
been answered by Dr. Nursitihazlin and
therefore the issue was settled

a) On 23rd November 2021, another

meeting was held with team members
and all attended the meeting. This
showing that the group members giving
full commitment in order to accomplish
the project smoothly
b) A thorough dateline, scanning,
brainstorming was done to ensure not
mistakes or matters that can be mis
looked by team members. Every task
inside the project having different
dateline and this helping to synchronize
the flow of the work for a smoother
WEEK 7

finish. Pictures for organization also was

shared to the editor to be inserted in the
report. All stuff and order have been
complied by the members easily and this
easing the works of report editor.
c) A list of questionnaire drafting was done
as well and this was forwarded to Dr.
Nursitihazlin to do some checking either
its acceptable or not. This to ensure the
questionnaire related with the project
and more specific
d) Draft video was done by Mr. Irfan to
have an early image on what is the final
video is going to be like.

10
 a) Feedback regarding the questionnaire
has been received by Mr. Naeeman and
stated that the questions need to be
revised because it is too general and need
to be more specific. The modification on
the question will take place after the
submission of roles of civil engineers
document was done by Mr. Abdikarim
WEEK 8

and Ms. Balqis. It is decided that Mr.

Irfan will not be one of the voice actors
in the video since he is the video editor
for this project.
b) Drafting of report has been done by Mr.
Naeeman who is the report editor and
sent to the group on 29th November
2021. This represent of 2% of the project
has been done. But still the project still
has a lot to be done.
a) Some part of the project has been sent by
group members. One of it is introduction
made by Ms. Amani on 7th December
2021 and also civil engineers in other
sectors by Ms. Balqis. On the date 8th
December 2021, the log book of the
project that showing the progress of the
WEEK 9

project also being made by Mr. Yaka.

b) Scripts for the introduction also was sent
by a Ms. Balqis for the content in the
video later. Discussion for the analysis
of the questionnaire also was raised. This
help to comfort the others that may not
know what part that will be included
inside. This represents 15% completions

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 c) The modifications of the roles in other
sectors have been done due to rubric
requirement. The video script of the
introduction has been sent by Ms. Balqis
for the video editor to put the content
point for presentation. The drafting of
the log book is sent by Mr. Yaka that
containing all the information and events
happened in the WhatsApp
conversation.
d) Video editor, Mr. Irfan seeking for the
best picture for the video content. This
was done in order to produce the best
quality in terms of presentation that
being edited. All members sent it
WEEK 9

immediately after instruction was given.

e) Document was sent by Mr. Abdikarim
which containing the roles of engineers
in highway engineering. However, there
are still parts that need to be repaired
since it does not describe the roles in
depth.
f) Discussion of the projects regarding
video content, voice over method and
etc. has been done thru WhatsApp.
Voice over folder points was sent by Mr.
Naeeman, Ms. Amani and others as well
at the end of the week dated 11th
December 2021. This marking the
completion of the project up to 35 %
percent

12
 a) A sample of voice over was showed by
Mr. Irfan in the group and this help as a
guideline on what to be expected for that
part. Modification of roles in highway
engineering was sent once again by Mr.
Abdikarim on 12th December 2021. Add
on and finalizing of the part will be
needed.
b) A meeting will be held in this week to
repair some parts in the voice over
alignment to fix the issues of video. This
happened due to scripts are not related
between each slide and caused huge gaps
that made each slide’s explanation
transition quite weird.
c) Drafting of the full report for the project
WEEK 10

has been sent by Mr. Naeeman after

some reconstruct done by Mr. Yaka. Mr.
Abdikarim will take over the parts of
reports from Mr. Irfan that covers
conclusion and minute meeting. This
was done due to videos that has some
changes and complicating the editor that
and in order to ease the burden of the
video editor, Mr. Irfan.
d) Chapter 3; Methodology document was
sent by Ms. Balqis and Ms. Amani on
15th December as the project report got
some few changes to beautify the flow.
Meeting of the video and voice over flow
has been done in the night of 15th and
from what has been discussed, there are
few changes that has been made. One of

13
 it was changing the script for video
explanation, the questions for google
form also having changes since the
questions need to be more specific.
e) On 16th December, the updated full
report has been given in the group and
noticed by Mr. Naeeman as the project
leader. The document will be having
final update in results and also
conclusion sections since the google
form need to be done first.
f) Minute meeting for appendices section
will be done by Mr. Abdikarim. Al
information regarding the meetings was
given in the WhatsApp for further
reference. Finished video link was sent
by Mr. Irfan on 17th December followed
with Mr. Abdikarim that sent the minute
meeting on 18th Dcember. A proper
explanation and revise of the minute
meeting needed to present the info in a
more systematics way. The
accomplished project has reached 82%.
a) Link for questionnaire has been sent by
Ms. Balqis on 19th December. This will
be used as analytical purpose for chapter
WEEK 11

4 that include and describe the

awareness of civil engineers in highway
engineering as well as the roles towards
environment.

14
 b) The respondents/outcome of the closed
google form has been sent by Ms. Balqis
and thus this indicating that the
completion of Chapter 4 has started.
Chapter 4 was done by 2 persons which
are Mr. Yaka and Mr. Naeeman.
c) The conclusion document was sent by
Mr. Abdikarim in order to finish the
Chapter 5.
d) The finished part of chapter 4 by Mr.
Naeeman was sent on 22th December
WEEK 11

2021 in WhatsApp. This followed by full

report that has been sent by Mr. Yaka
that will further be submitted by Mr.
Naeeman as the project leader.
e) The link for educational video sent by
Mr., Yaka also was included in another
different pdf file in order not to causing
confusions to the lecturer and making
the document neater.
f) All documents that consist of 2 will be
hold by Mr. Naeeman until the folder for
submission purposes has been made by
the lecturer

15
 CHAPTER 4

RESULT & DISCUSSION

4.1 Analysis of Awareness Before Exposure to Education Video

The following statistical data indicating the analysis of respondents before taking part of
viewing the education video that has been prepared and included in google form.

4.1.1 Roles of Engineers in Highway Engineering

Chart 4.1 Roles of engineer in highway engineering

Based on the chart above shows the percentage of responder for question number one, which are
have three different answers. There is 10 percent of responder was choosing that role of an engineer
are controlling speed limit traps for the purpose of traffic summons and handling road traffic at
peak hour. The rest of 80 percent making it the class mod was choosing that role of an engineer in
road engineering is undertaking risk assessment for a safer road pavement available for users. This
is the highest percentage of responder which is the exact roles of an engineer in road engineering
compare to other answers. Other than that, this is probably due to lack of responder’s knowledge
and confuse to choose the exact roles of engineer in road engineering.

4.1.2 Field Included in Civil Engineering

Based on the chart below shows the percentage of responder for question number which is what
the ones are involved in the field of civil engineering. This can be seen that all the responders

16
which is 100 percent was choosing the construction field compared to pharmacy and tourism
field. This question shows the answer is obviously that construction field are involved directly
in civil engineering sub discipline making it the class mode in question two. This also
indicating that responders have high awareness that construction is literally connected directly
with civil engineering

Chart 4.2 Field in civil engineering

4.1.3 Pavement Distress

Chart 4.3 Pavement Distress

From the chart above shows the percentage of responder for question related to an example of
pavement distress. There were 10 percent of responder which is equal to 1 respondent was
choosing clan road as example of pavement distress and 90 percent that represents 9
respondents which is the highest of responder was choosing the right of pavement distress is
pothole making it as the class mod in question three.

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4.1.4 Effects from Highway Construction

Chart 4.4 Effects of highway construction

The chart above shows the percentage of responders for question that related to the non-effects
from highway construction. About 40% percent of respondents which is equal to 4 respondents
chose traffic summons as the non-effect of highway construction and this indicating that overall
awareness of respondents are moderate since the percentage that chose the real effect which is
affected rain cycle has the same percent as 40 percent.

4.1.5 Importance of Civil Engineering for Industry

Chart 4.5 Importance of civil engineering

Based on the chart above shows that 100 percent of responders that equal to 10 respondents
was choosing yes that civil engineering is an important for the industry. This is can summarize
that civil engineer are play the important role in industry revolution 4.0 nowadays and the
respondents do realize about the importance and the effects of civil engineering to the human’s
life.

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4.2 Analysis of Awareness After Exposure to Education Video

This section is analyzing the respondent’s answers of each respected questions after had
watched the education video that has been prepared and included in the google form.

4.2.1 Roles of Engineers in Highway Engineering

10%

90%

Chart 4.6 Roles of Engineers in Highway Engineering

The pie chart above summarizes the statistics of respondents in terms of roles of an engineer
in highway engineering. The term ‘road engineering’ was used to actually to ensure that the
respondents are understand that highway engineering not only limited to ‘highway’. Based on
the chart, about 90% of respondent that equal to 9 respondents chose that engineer undertaking
risk assessment for a safer road pavement available for users. Another 10% that represent 1
respondent chose engineer controlling speed limit traps for purpose of traffic summons. The
mode class (9 respondents) of this section hands down to undertaking risk assessment which is
the real role of civil engineer in highway engineering.

4.2.2 Field Included in Civil Engineering

The pie chart 4.7 below indicated the choice that has been selected by respondents under the
question regarding the field under civil engineering, all of the respondents had chosen
construction as the field under the civil engineering. This represents that the respondents are
aware of what actually is the field under civil engineering since construction is the correct field
among the choices given. This choice was selected by 10 respondents that is equal to 100%
and also the class mod for this question.

19
 Chart 4.7 Field in civil engineering

4.2.3 Pavement Distress

100%

Chart 4.8 Pavement Distress

The pie chart above showing the choice that has been selected by respondents regarding the
distress of pavement. All the 10 respondents have chosen pothole as the pavement distress that
is equal to 100% percent meaning that leaving the other choices such as clean road and
controlling speed limit traps with 0 percent. This indicating that the respondents have a great
awareness to the pavement distress and able to recognize them since pothole is the right
pavement distress for the above question. This means as well that the class mod for the question
is pothole with 10 respondents.

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4.2.4 Effects from Highway Construction

10%

10%

80%

Chart 4.9 Effects of highway construction

The pie chart above showing the analysis of respondents for the effects of highway
construction. There are three choice that has been made which are deforestation, affected rain
cycle and more traffic summonses were issued. Among all these three, about 80% has chosen
more traffic summons were issued that is equal to 8 respondents. Affected rain cycle has been
chosen by 1 respondents producing 10% followed with deforestation that has the same value.
the class mode of this section is traffic summon that has 8 respondents. Since the question
seeking info regarding non effect of highway construction, a lot of respondents had chosen
traffic summons and this indicating the respondents are aware of the effects of highway
construction.

4.2.5 Importance of Civil Engineering for Industry

Chart 4.10 Importance of civil engineering

21
 The chart above indicating the importance of civil engineering statistical data that has been
chosen by respondents. All the respondents had chosen that the civil engineering is an
important field in industry that gathers 100% of respondents equal to 10 respondents. This sums
up that respondents are aware of the roles of civil engineers holistically that are important in
bringing the future of society towards a better direction

4.3 Comparison of Awareness Percentage

The table below shows the comparison of statistical data of before and after respondents
viewing the educational video based on the five questions that has been asked. The video is
regarding of civil engineering professions, roles of civil engineers in highway engineering and
also the roles of civil engineers toward environment and economy as well as social. Thus, this
shows that the awareness of the respondents has increased after watched the educational video
that has been prepared since the percentage of each different class has increment especially that
has low percentage before viewing the educational video. Each 10% is indicating 1 respondent

Table 4.1 Comparisons of statistical data

Questions Before Education After Educational

Video Video
Based on your knowledge, what is one of the roles of
an engineer in road engineering that can be identified
below? 80% 90%
Answer; Undertaking risk assessment for a safer road
pavement available for users
Which ones are included in the field of civil
engineering? 100% 100%
Answer; Construction
Which is said to be an example of pavement distress?
90% 100%
Answer; Pothole
Below are the effects from highway construction
EXCEPT 40% 80%
Answer; More traffic summonses were issued
Do you think civil engineering is an important filed for
the industry? 100% 100%
Answer; Yes

22
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

To sum up, the roles of the civil engineers are not specific in their professional sectors but also
relate the other sectors. The professional sector for the civil engineers is the highway
engineering while the other sectors are relating to the society, environment and the economy.
The roles of civil engineers in the highway engineering are include; designing and maintaining
for the highway constructions, estimation for the construction cost, undertaking risk assessment
for safer road pavement, supervising and monitoring of exist highway constructions, evaluating
during construction phase, ensuring the project delivering and preparing contract documents.

Furthermore; for the society, the civil engineers play a great role. Significantly the civil
engineers take part the role of the quality control. Such as the water quality they do different
tests and experiments to ensure it and enable the society to use it. Besides that, the civil
engineers are the ones who contribute the development of the society, like designing for the
infrastructures which can lead the enhancement for the connection of the societies who live in
different places. While also can cause the expansion of the community. Even though the civil
engineers are reducing the impact of these into the society.

In addition; for the environment; the roles of the civil engineers in this field are include for the
design of various pollution control equipment and systems, using green building, analyse
scientific data like precipitation evaluation and design municipal and industrial wastewater
treatment systems. Environmental engineers also work to prevent acid rain, global warming,
ozone depletion, and toxic automotive emissions from occurring and having negative
consequences for the environment. The roles of the civil engineers in the economy are include
such as enabling the ways of the economy develop like giving modern and stable infrastructures
which make easy the movement of the goods. giving the sustainable knowledge about the
economy. Civil engineers are the cornerstone of a service-oriented society.

23
 REFERENCES

1. Wikipedia (23 November 2021). Civil Engineer.

Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineer

2. Wikipedia (23 November 2021). Civil Engineering.

Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering

3. Wikipedia (23 November 2021). Engineer.

Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer

4. Mcneil Engineering (22 September 2020). Why is civil engineering important?

Retrieved from https://mcneilengineering.com/why-is-civil-engineering-important/

5. Civil (2020). Civil engineering.

Retrieved from https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-blog/1-civil-engineering

6. Online School Report (2021). Why is Civil Engineering Important?

Retrieved from https://www.onlineschoolsreport.com/why-is-civil-engineering-important/

7. Kogler, T. (2016). Impact of Engineering. Roles of an Engineer. Published.

8. Cherian, N. (2017, September 27). Role of Engineers in Society. Study World College of
Engineering. Retrieved December 7, 2021, from http://swehg.com/swce/engineers/

9. McCarthy, N. (2013). Engineering in Society. Engineering Responsibility, 29.

10. Environmental Engineering. (2017). Myklassroom.Com. Retrieved December 7, 2021, from

https://www.myklassroom.com/Engineering-branches/48/Environmental-Engineering

11. Qureshi, A. S., & Nawab, A. (2019). The Role of Engineers in Sustainable Development.
Symposium on Role of Engineers in Economic Development and Policy Formulation. Published.

24
12. Naqvi, S. A., & Syed, A. H. (2019). Role of Engineers in Economic Development and Policy
Making of a Country. Symposium on Role of Engineers in Economic Development and Policy
Formulation. Published.

13. Wikipedia (September 18, 2021). Highway engineering. Retrieved on 13 th December 2021
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_engineering

14. Go Construct. Highway Engineer. Retrieved on 13th December 2021 from Highway Engineer
Job Description (Key Responsibilities) | Go Construct

15. Ankit Vishwakarma, Ashish Thakur, Sushant Singh, Dr. D.Y Patil (February 2016). Risk
Assessment in Construction of Highway Project. Retrieved on 13 th December 2021

16. Highway engineering. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Credo Reference. Web. 13 February 2013. Retrieved on 13 th December
2021

17. Aziz, M.A. Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Development. The Handbook of
Highway Engineering. Ed. T.W. Fwa. CRC Press, 2005.

18. Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia. Standard Specification for Road Works. Retrieved on 13 th
December 2021

19. Lechler, T. & Gao, T. (2012). Explaining project success with client expectation alignment: an
empirical study. Paper presented at PMI® Research and Education Conference, Limerick, Munster,
Ireland. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Retrieved on 13th December 2021

20. Will Kenton (March 22, 2021). Tender. Investopedia. Retrieved on 13 th December 2021 from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tender.asp

21. Kissflow (November 23, 2021). How to Identify and manage Project Stakeholders? Retrieved
on 13th December 2021 from https://kissflow.com/project/project-stakeholder-management/

25
 APPENDICES

a) Minute Meeting
Meeting 1
Date: 8 November 2021 Time: 2.00 – 2.45 PM Images
Platform: Google Meet Attendance: 6/6
Outcome:
i. Briefing of the project had been done
personally by Dr Nursitihazlin due to
confusion that happened in the instruction
itself
ii. Explanation of the requirement of the
project has been discussed especially the
matter of roles in engineering profession
and roles of civil engineers in another
sector.
iii. Questionnaire also need to be done in order
to provide analytical statistics in order to
fulfil the requirement of the project.
Respondents set minimum to 10 persons.

Meeting 2
Date: 14 November 21 Time: 8.00 – 9.15 PM Images
Platform: Google Meet Attendance: 6/6
Outcome:
i. The roles of civil engineers in engineering
profession and civil engineers’ roles in
other sector was discussed but since the
instruction was confusing, the meeting
unable to decide the final word on what are
the professions that will be explained.
ii. Further research will be done by each
members of the meeting as well as seeking
information of other group on how this
project being done by others

26
 Meeting 3
Date: 23 November 2021 Time: 8.30 – 9.30 PM Images
Platform: Google Meet Attendance: 6/6
Outcome:
i. Meeting discussed about the roles that will
be chosen which is the roles of civil engineer
in highway engineering and also roles
towards environment for the other sectors
requirement.
ii. The layout of video and report also has been
discussed since the project started late due to
confusions and also tests week. The
questions for the google form also has been
discussed with details and will be forwarded
to lecturer for confirmation.
iii. Dateline of each members also has been
discussed to ensure the flow of the project
were smooth

Meeting 4
Date: 15 December 2021 Time: 8.50 – 10.30 PM Images
Platform: Google Meet Attendance: 6/6
Outcome:
i. The flow of the video has been discussed
since the content in slides was finished. The
sentences for each gap in the slide was made
son that each subtopic explanation will be
related smoothly
ii. Questionnaire for analytical purposes also
has been revised since it need to be more
specific. Video of the project has been tested
on how it will turn out and also the flow of
the transition.
b) Google Form

27
12/22/21, 1:29 PM AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT

AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL

ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S
DEVELOPMENT
This form is divided into three (3) parts, which contains:

1) A set of five (5) questions

2) A documentary video to watch

3) Five (5) similar questions to be answered at the end of this form

The purpose of this study is to measure the level of awareness of society on the role of
civil engineers to society. Thank you for your time to answer this questionnaire, we really
appreciate it!

* Required

Part 1

1. Based on your knowledge, what is one of the roles of an engineer in road

engineering that can be identified below? *

Mark only one oval.

Controlling speed limit traps for the purpose of traffic summons

Undertaking risk assessment for a safer road pavement available for users

Handling road traffic at peak hour

2. Which ones are included in the field of civil engineering? *

Mark only one oval.

Pharmacy

Construction

Tourism

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13YdqYk0NFOTA-phqspSsX3ei_RyhOe4jQZyVqyDKnM0/edit#question=1583161229&field=512213211 1/5
12/22/21, 1:29 PM AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT

3. Which is said to be an example of pavement distress? *

Mark only one oval.

Pothole Clean road

Unclogged drain

4. Below are the effects from highway construction EXCEPT *

Mark only one oval.

Deforestation

Affected rain cycle

More traffic summonses were issued

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13YdqYk0NFOTA-phqspSsX3ei_RyhOe4jQZyVqyDKnM0/edit#question=1583161229&field=512213211 2/5
12/22/21, 1:29 PM AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT

5. Do you think civil engineering is an important field for the industry? *

Mark only one oval.

Yes

No

Enjoy a 7 minutes documentary video.

Part 2

Awareness of Roles of Civil Engineer Towards Society's Development

http://youtube.com/watch?
v=7H6bm6M4aTY

Part 3

6. Based on your knowledge, what is one of the roles of an engineer in road

engineering that can be identified below? *

Mark only one oval.

Controlling speed limit traps for the purpose of traffic summons

Undertaking risk assessment for a safer road pavement available for users

Handling road traffic at peak hour

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13YdqYk0NFOTA-phqspSsX3ei_RyhOe4jQZyVqyDKnM0/edit#question=1583161229&field=512213211 3/5
12/22/21, 1:29 PM AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT

7. Which ones are included in the field of civil engineering? *

Mark only one oval.

Pharmacy

Construction

Tourism

8. Which is said to be an example of pavement distress? *

Mark only one oval.

Pothole Clean road

Unclogged drain

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13YdqYk0NFOTA-phqspSsX3ei_RyhOe4jQZyVqyDKnM0/edit#question=1583161229&field=512213211 4/5
12/22/21, 1:29 PM AWARENESS OF ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER TOWARDS THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT

9. Below are the effects from highway construction EXCEPT *

Mark only one oval.

Deforestation

Affected rain cycle

More traffic summonses were issued

10. Do you think civil engineering is an important field for the industry? *

Mark only one oval.

Yes

No

This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.

 Forms

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/13YdqYk0NFOTA-phqspSsX3ei_RyhOe4jQZyVqyDKnM0/edit#question=1583161229&field=512213211 5/5