7 QC TOOLS
COURSE E-BOOK
by GaugeHow.com
Index
1. Introduction
2. Check Sheets
3. Histogram
4. Pareto Analysis
5. Fishbone Diagram
6. Scatter Diagram
7. Flowcharts
8. Control Charts
Introduction
Introduction
These seven basic quality tools,
can assist an organization in
problem-solving and process
improvements.
Check sheet
Check sheet
Check sheets are tools for collecting data. They are
designed specifically to the type of data to be
collected.
Check sheets aid in the systematic collection of
data. Some examples of check sheets are daily
maintenance check sheets, attendance records,
production log books, etc.
Histogram
Histogram
Histograms or Frequency Distribution Diagrams are bar
charts showing the distribution pattern of observations
grouped inconvenient class intervals and arranged in
order of magnitude.
Histograms are useful in studying patterns of distribution
and in concluding the process based on the pattern.
Histogram
The Procedure to prepare a Histogram
consists of the following steps:
Collect data (preferably 50 or more observations of
an item).
Arrange all values in ascending order.
Divide the entire range of values into a convenient
number of groups each representing an equal class
interval.
Note the number of observations or frequency in
each group.
Draw X-axis and Y-axis and decide appropriate
scales for the groups on the X-axis and the number of
observations or the frequency on the Y-axis.
Drawbars representing the frequency for each of the
groups.
Provide a suitable title to the Histogram.
Study the pattern of distribution and conclude.
Pareto
Analysis
Pareto Analysis
Pareto Diagram is a tool that arranges
items in the order of the magnitude of
their contribution, thereby identifying a
few items exerting maximum influence.
Pareto Analysis
The Pareto principle also known as the
80/20 rule is used in the field of
materials management for ABC analysis.
20% of the items purchased by a
company account for 80% of the value.
These constitute the A items on which
maximum attention is paid.
Fishbone
Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
A Cause-and-Effect Diagram(Fishbone
diagram) is a tool that shows the
systematic relationship between a
result or a symptom or an effect and its
possible causes.
Fishbone
Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
It is an effective tool to systematically
generate ideas about causes for problems
and to present these in a structured form.
This tool was devised by Dr Kouro Ishikawa
and as mentioned earlier is also known as
Ishikawa Diagram.
Scatter
diagram
Scatter diagram
When solving a problem or analysing a
situation one needs to know the
relationship between two variables.
A relationship may or may not exist
between two variables.
Scatter diagram
If a relationship exists, it may be positive or
negative, it may be strong or weak and may
be simple or complex.
A tool to study the relationship between two
variables is known as Scatter Diagram.
Flow chart
Flow chart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that
represents a workflow or process.
A flowchart can also be defined as a
diagrammatic representation of an
algorithm, a step-by-step approach to
solving a task.
Flow chart
The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of
various kinds, and their order by
connecting the boxes with arrows.
Control chart
Control chart
These charts separate assignable causes.
Control chart makes possible the diagnosis
and correction of many production troubles
and brings substantial improvements in the
quality of the products and reduction of
spoilage and rework.
It tells us when to leave a process alone as
well as when to take action to correct the
trouble.
Recap:
