Pre Colonialism Philippines
Babaylan refers to the pre-colonial Philippine tradition of female mystical healers whose
spiritual connectedness was a source of political and social power.
Maharlika Group – Royal Group
- The Maharlika were a martial class of freemen
- They were free vassals of their Datu who were exempt from taxes and tribute but were
required to provide military service.
- The class originated from high-status warriors who married into the maginoo blood or
were perhaps remnants of the nobility class of a conquered line.
- Generally accepted to mean "nobility or aristocracy."
A Caste System is a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that
in some societies, the opportunities you have access to depend on the family you
happened to be born into.
Uripon Group - commoners, serfs, and slaves
Timawa Group – similar to the Maharlika Group
Spanish Colonalization
March 15, 1521 by Spain Colonizers
Philosophy changed the Patriarchy
Reasons to colonize
- Spread Christianity
- Conquer the world (for power)
- Search for resources
- Superiority complex
- Salvation
- Out of necessity and wants
Industrial Revolution – 17th century
On June 12, 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independent from Spain
and proclaimed himself president.
How the Spanish learned to talked and gained the favor of the Tribe Leaders
- Studied our language
- Gave gifts to leaders
- Promised a good life
Lapu – Lapu – was not convinced by the words and gifts of the Spaniards.
Blood Compact - was an ancient ritual in the Philippines intended to seal a
friendship or treaty, or to validate an agreement. The contracting parties would cut
their hands and pour their blood into a cup filled with liquid, such as wine, and drink the
mixture.
- Occurred between the Tribal Leaders and Colonizers
Governadors and Generals – Were the leaders and mayors of cities and communities
by the Spanish colonizers
The Maharlikan Class and Children were Hispanized – became partners of the Spanish
authorities
- Maharlikan children were educated and indoctrinated to the Spanish
- The Maharlikan class were rich families with rich property
- Government management was given to the Maharlikan group
- Marharlikan’s job to hispanize the Filipino people
Spanish Colonialism – was considered as the Dark Age of the Philippines
Benefits given by the Spanish:
- Organized a government
- Landmarks
- Education, housing and infrastructure
- Culture and religion
- Fashion
- Sports
- Importance of a surname (mobilization and security purposes)
- Taxation and Laws
- To have titled lands
- Introduced Agriculture which secured financial income
Cons that came with the Spaniards:
- Unstable government and changing leaders constantly
- Discrimination (most unfortunately for the women)
- Corruption among leaders
- Injustices and Racial Discrimination
- Poverty
Government and Churches are incompatible
By forming a community – Is when men started sharing and morality was born
Purpose of colonialism
- Trading
- Treaties
Effects of Colonialism
- Cultural Blending
- Social Charges
Its common for all colonizers to share and indoctrinate their culture to the colonials, to
avoid rebellions
- by also protecting the elite classes such as the Maharlikans
In European culture, the fathers are usually the head of the family.
Originated from Paternialism – from the roman era
Reasons:
- Strength and support of men
- Men as providers
Women suffered numerous offenses and decrimination
- no political rights
- no ability to open shops
- limited by society
- unable to make proper decisions because of society
Precolonialsm
- Women were the leaders and treated equally
Huge Economic Desperaty
- Huge gaps between the rich and poor groups
The poverty of the Philippines can be traced back to the Spanish colonialism
Issue led to revolutions and a rise of Philippine Heros
- Which used violence, revolution, literary publications
American Occupation or Colonialism
June 12, 1898, Philippine Independence day, Liberation from Spanish rule and Spanish
American War
Imperialism - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy
or military force.
Mother of all crimes is poverty
- worse form of poverty is Absolute Poverty
- deprived of all basic needs
Battle of Manila Bay - May 1, 1898
Treaty of Paris – December 10, 1898
Philippine and American War – February 1898
Schurman Commission - also known as the First Philippine Commission, was
established by United States President William McKinley on January 20, 1899.
- recommended the establishment of a civil government having a bicameral legislature
and being financially independent from the United States. The report also
recommended the establishment of a system of public education.
Taft Commission - ls known as the Second Philippine Commission, The Second
Commission was at first the sole legislative body of the Philippines.
- William Howard Taft was the first head of the Philippine Commission from March 16,
1900 until July 4, 1901, after which the commission's head also became the Civil
Governor of the Philippines.
Federalista Party – First Government Party for Filipinos
Manuel L Quizon – Convinced America a civil government for the Philippines
- He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines (as opposed to
the government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to have been the
second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo
Common Wealth Government
- First Civil Government
- Necessate civilians as officials
- short- lived by WW2
- 1935 constitution
