Management, 12e (Robbins/Coulter)

Chapter 15 Understanding Individual Behavior

1) Which of the following is associated with the study of individuals?

A) norms
B) roles
C) team building
D) perception
Answer: D
Page Ref: 449
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 1
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual

2) The study of group behavior includes the study of ________.

A) perception, motivation, and learning
B) attitudes and personality
C) norms, roles, and leadership
D) organization structure and culture
Answer: C
Page Ref: 449
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 1
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual
3) ________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees.
A) Employee productivity
B) Organizational citizenship behavior
C) Job satisfaction
D) Turnover
Answer: A
Page Ref: 449
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

4) ________ is defined as the failure to report to work.

A) Turnover
B) Tardiness
C) Absenteeism
D) Negligence
Answer: C
Page Ref: 449
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

5) Which of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)?

A) OCB is a performance measure of efficiency.
B) The requirements of OCB are spelt out in employee job profiles.
C) OCB studies the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization.
D) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 449
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
6) The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components.
A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral
B) active, behavioral, and adjustable
C) emotional, creative, and environmental
D) intentional, reactive, and adjustable
Answer: A
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

7) The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) practical
Answer: A
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

8) The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) practical
Answer: C
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

9) In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 p.m., and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait
until 7 p.m. to go home," the word "scary" represents which component of an attitude?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) practical
D) affective
Answer: D
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Communication Abilities; Analytic Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application

10) When someone chooses to act in a certain way, she is demonstrating the ________
component of her attitude.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) practices
Answer: B
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
11) In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 p.m. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait
until 7 p.m. to go home," the phrase, "so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home," represents which
component of an attitude?
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) emotive
D) affective
Answer: B
Page Ref: 450
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Communication Abilities; Analytic Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application

12) Which of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment?
A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
B) higher rates of voluntary turnover
C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance
D) significantly higher pay levels
Answer: A
Page Ref: 451
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

13) The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it
refers to the employee's ________.
A) job involvement
B) organizational commitment
C) global commitment
D) job satisfaction
Answer: A
Page Ref: 452
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
14) The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and
wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee's ________.
A) job involvement
B) organizational commitment
C) global commitment
D) organizational citizenship
Answer: B
Page Ref: 452
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

15) ________ is employees' general belief that their organization values their contribution and
cares about their well-being.
A) Job involvement
B) Organizational commitment
C) Perceived organizational support
D) Cognitive dissonance
Answer: C
Page Ref: 452
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

16) The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce
dissonance is determined by ________.
A) importance, influence, and rewards
B) economics, politics, and organizational structure
C) stability, position, and power
D) awareness, status, and punishments
Answer: A
Page Ref: 454
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
17) The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees'
intentions early enough to do something about them.
A) dissonance reduction
B) performance incentives
C) employee benefit plans
D) attitude surveys
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

18) In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), "sensing" personality types are those who
________.
A) like solving new problems and dislike doing the same thing over and over again
B) use reason and logic to handle problems
C) have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details
D) are outgoing, social, and assertive
Answer: C
Page Ref: 456
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

19) As a manager, if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike
reprimanding your subordinates, you would probably score high on the ________ aspect of the
MBTI®.
A) perception
B) thinking
C) intuition
D) feeling
Answer: D
Page Ref: 456
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
20) Which of the following is true according to the MBTI®?
A) Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order.
B) Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems.
C) Perceiving types are rigid and structured.
D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 456
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

21) If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably
score high on which of the following aspects of the MBTI®?
A) extraversion
B) sensing
C) feeling
D) perceiving
Answer: D
Page Ref: 456
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

22) If you are a good planner and purposeful, you would probably score high on the ________
trait of MBTI®.
A) extraversion
B) perceiving
C) introversion
D) judging
Answer: D
Page Ref: 456
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
23) The Big Five Model of personality includes ________.
A) intuition
B) judgement
C) perception
D) extraversion
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

24) In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is
good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
Answer: B
Page Ref: 457
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

25) In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to ________.

A) the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive) or tense, nervous,
depressed, and insecure (negative)
B) the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable in relationships
with others
C) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement
oriented
D) the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors
Answer: C
Page Ref: 457
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
26) According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests
and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as
________.
A) conscientious
B) extraverted
C) emotionally stable
D) open to experience
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

27) If you believe that you control your own destiny, which of the following personality traits are
you likely to possess?
A) external locus of control
B) risk aversion
C) high self-esteem
D) internal locus of control
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

28) A person who believes that what happens to him is due to luck or chance is said to have a(n)
________.
A) internal locus of control
B) Machiavellian personality
C) external locus of control
D) self-monitoring personality
Answer: C
Page Ref: 457-458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
29) According to research, employees who have a high internal locus of control ________.
A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals
B) are more alienated from their work setting than externals
C) are less involved in their jobs as compared to externals
D) blame their bosses for poor performance more often than externals
Answer: A
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

30) An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and
believes that ends can justify means.
A) self-esteem
B) Machiavellianism
C) self-monitoring
D) risk taking
Answer: B
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

31) Which of the following is true of a person who believes that "the ends justify the means"?
A) He is likely to be low on self-confidence.
B) He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism.
C) He is likely to have an external locus of control.
D) He is likely to be risk averse.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

32) Though clearly capable, Mary does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure
of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs
that are fairly straight forward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations
from other people. Mary seems to have ________.
A) high cognitive dissonance
B) a high Machiavellianism score
C) low self-monitoring
D) low self-esteem
Answer: D
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Communication Abilities; Analytic Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application

33) If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having ________.
A) an internal locus of control
B) a low Machiavellianism score
C) high self-esteem
D) an external locus of control
Answer: C
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
34) People with high self-esteem ________.
A) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect
B) are more likely to seek approval from others
C) are more likely to take unpopular stands
D) are more susceptible to external influence
Answer: C
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

35) Sarah, the floor supervisor, seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with
and what the situation demands. She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required.
This indicates that she ________.
A) has low self-esteem
B) is low on Machiavellianism
C) has a high risk appetite
D) is high in self-monitoring
Answer: D
Page Ref: 458
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect how individuals behave and learn within an
organization
AACSB: Communication Abilities; Analytic Skills
Ch. Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application