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■ General considerations
■ Fare clic per modificare gli stili del testo dello schema
■ A typical National Instrument card
■ Secondo livello
■ A “good” sound card
■ Terzo livello
■ The DAQ toolbox in MATLAB
■ Quarto Livello
■ LabView
■ Quinto livello

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■ Instrumentation systems are moving from dedicated units to the PC
• Flexibility
• Archivial / Retrival / Comparison / Exchange of data
■ The design and implementation of algos has moved
from instrumentation firms to software houses
■ This is stressing the user’s responsibilities
• design of the system (hardware and algorithms)
• understanding of ready made algos (quality is generally decreased)

■ Kinds of systems that can be interfaced

• external racks with a lot of cards for huge data logging (>20 channels)
• internal cards (<16 channels each), perhaps with external conditioning boxes

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■ FIFO buffer
• decouples the acquisition and the transfer processes
■ Programmable amplifier
• to adapt the input levels
■ Input multiplexer
• to select teh chanel AND to select between differential and single ended input

■ The maximum sampling grequency is achieved with ONE channel

• otherwise it is divided by the number of used channels
■ For control purposes, FIFO is useless
■ Typically there are much less D/A than A/D

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c The best solution as for noise rejection

c Requires TWO inputs per channel
c The sources must have balanced
outputs
c Sometimes banned by grounding
requirements

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• “Non referenced ground SE”
• A good compromise
• Reduces the ground noise
• Use it, when provided

• “referenced ground SE” or “SE”

• The common choice
• Worst for coupling noise
• Acceptable for high levels (1V)

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■ The cheapest way to acquire (and to generate) analog signals
■ Good resolution (16 bits)
■ Generally a satisfactory signal/noise ratio
■ Two channels on the line input (about 1Veff),
only ONE on the microphone one (about 2mVeff)!
■ Most environments have the software drivers for them

■ Fixed set of sampling times

■ Perhaps one poor antialias filter for the highest sampling frequency
■ Low frequency limited to some Hertz

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■ Drives all the NI cards, sound cards and a few other systems
■ The acquisition process is fully integrated in the software
■ The cards are fully controlled by ML scripts
• gain selection
• acquisition can be triggered (pre- post-trigger allowed)
• timers can start/stop the acquisition
■ Can’t be used for control purposes (it is highly buffered)

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function [data,time]=acq(N,Fs,L); set(ai, 'SamplesPerTrigger', ActualRate*duration);
set(ai, 'TriggerChannel', chan(1));
set(ai, 'TriggerType', 'Software');
ai=analoginput('nidaq',1); %set(ai, 'TriggerCondition', 'Rising');
set(ai, 'TriggerCondition', 'Falling');
%set(ai, 'InputType', 'Differential');
%set(ai, 'InputType',... set(ai, 'TriggerConditionValue', -1);
'NonreferencedSingleEnded'); set(ai, 'TriggerDelayUnits', 'Samples');
set(ai, 'InputType', 'SingleEnded'); set(ai, 'TriggerDelay', -100);
%set(ai, 'DriveAISenseToGround', 'Off')

chan=addchannel(ai,0:1); start(ai);
while strcmp(ai.Running, 'On'); end
set(ai, 'SampleRate', Fs); [data, time] = getdata(ai, N);

duration = L; %L seconds acquisition remsamp = num2str(ai.SamplesAvailable);

ActualRate = get(ai, 'SampleRate'); disp(['Number of remaining samples: ', remsamp]);

set(chan, 'InputRange', [-5 5]); get(ai)

delete(ai)

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■ One of the first software environments for data acquisition and control
■ It is a “de facto” industry standard
■ Several channels of communication (serial, TCP/IP)
• even WEB-based remote user interface
■ Dedicated modules
• vision
• motion control
• PLC systems
■ Good, reliable, fast algorithms
■ Based of graphic programming (but the user can write C-lang. modules)
• easy for simple systems
• requires a very careful top-down design for large ones
• One’s scheme is very difficult to be read by an other designer

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