MASS & ENERGY BALANCE

FUNDAMENTAL MATERIAL BALANCE

CALCULATIONS (WEEK 3)

ADILAH IMAN
BY: ANIS SYAHEERAH
ASYIQIN AFIFA
 Question 1
A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene contains 55.0% benzene by mass. The
mixture is to be partially evaporated to yield a vapor containing 85.0% benzene
and a residual liquid containing 10.6% benzene by mass.
b) Next, suppose the process is to be carried out in a closed container that initially
contains 100.0 kg of the liquid. Let mv(kg) and ml(kg) be the masses of the final
vapor and liquid phases respectively. Draw and label a process flowchart, then write
and solve integral balances on total mass and on benzene to determine mv and ml.
For each balance, state which terms of the general balance equation (accumulation =
input + generation - output - consumption) you discarded and why you discarded
them.
 Vapor
55kg/hB mBv = 0.85 x mv
45kg/hT mTv = 0.15 x mv
100kg/h
evaporator
mBl = 0.106 x ml
liquid mTl = 0.895 x ml

0 0 0
Input + generation - output - consumption = accumulation

*Assume generation, consumption and accumulation is zero because it is a

non-reactive process and steady state.
Degree of freedom:

*unknown on the chart is 6 and the material balance is 4.

*We can determine mv and ml by:

mv = mbv + mtv
ml = mbl + mtl

Hence,

ndf = nunknown - nindependent equation

=6-6
=0
Problem can be solved!
 So,
Input = output

B: 55 kg/h = 0.85 x mv + 0.106 x ml 1

100 kg/h = mv + ml 2
Sub 2
to 1 : 55 kg/h = 0.85 (100 kg/h - ml ) + 0.106 ml
55 kg/h = 85 kg/h - 0.85 ml + 0.106 ml
0.744 ml = 30 kg/h
ml = 40.32 kg/h
Sub ml
to 2 : mv = 100 kg/h - 40.32 kg/h
=59.68 kg/h
C) Returning to the continuous process, suppose the evaporator is built and
started up and the product stream flow rates and composition are measured.The
measured percentage of benzene in the vapor stream is 85% and the product
stream flow rates have the values calculated in part (a) but the liquid product
stream is found to contain 7% benzene instead of 10.6%. One possible
explanation is that a mistake was made in the measurement.

Give at least 5 others:

● Benzene is being consumed as a reactant within
the process unit.

● Benzene is accumulating in the process unit.

- Possibly adsorbing on the walls or other
surfaces of the evaporator.

● Benzene is leaking from the unit.

● Process happen at unsteady state
● Feed composition is not correct
 Question 2

Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt% ethanol

(ethyl alcohol) and 25% water (mixture specific gravity = 0.877) and
a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol-60% water mixture (SG =
0.952) are blended to produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt%
ethanol. The object of this problem is to determine, the required
volume of the 40% mixture.

a) Draw and label a flowchart of the mixing process and do the

degree-of-freedom analysis.
b) Calculate V40
 Total VA
Mixture A: Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt% ethanol (ethyl
alcohol) and 25% water (mixture specific gravity = 0.877)

Mixture B: and a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol-60% water mixture (SG = 0.952)

Mixture C: are blended to produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt% ethanol. The object
of this problem is to determine, the required volume of the 40% mixture.
VA = 300 gal
MA = ?
SGA = 0.877 Mixture A
75.0 wt% ethanol VC = V A + V B
MC = ?
25.0 wt% water Mixture C
MIXER 60.0 wt% ethanol
40.0 wt% water
VB = ? Mixture B
MB = ?
SGB = 0.952
40.0 wt% ethanol Step 1: Draw & label the
60.0 wt% water flowchart.
VA = 300 gal
MA = ? Mixture A
SGA = 0.877
VC = V A + V B
75.0 wt% ethanol
Mixture C MC = ?
25.0 wt% water MIXER 60.0 wt% ethanol
40.0 wt% water
VB = ? Mixture B
MB = ?
SGB = 0.952
40.0 wt% ethanol
60.0 wt% water Step 2: Do the degree-of-freedom
analysis.

Ndf = N unknown - N independent equation

N unknown variables (4)

MA, MB, MB, V40

N independent equations (4)

SGA, SGB, wt% ethanol of mixture C, wt% water of mixture C

Ndf = 4 - 4
=0 ✔ The problem is solvable.
 VA = 300 gal
MA = ? Mixture A
SGA = 0.877
75.0 wt% ethanol VC = V A + V B
25.0 wt% water Mixture C MC = ?
MIXER 60.0 wt% ethanol
VB = ? 40.0 wt% water
MB = ? Mixture B
SGB = 0.952
40.0 wt% ethanol
60.0 wt% water
Step 3: Find the unknown variables,
& do conversion of unit.

pA = SGA x pnet
= 0.877 x 1000 kg/m³
= 877 kg/m³

MA = 300 gal 877 kg 1 lbm 1 m³

1 m³ 0.453593 kg 264.17 gal

= 2195.680 lbm
Assumption:
1) No reaction occurs:
consumption and generation = 0

2) Steady state:
accumulation = 0
Step 4: Write a balanced equation.

Input + generation - output - consumption = accumulation

Input + generation - output - consumption = accumulation
Input = output
 VA = 300 gal
MA = 2195.680 lbm Mixture A
SGA = 0.877
75.0 wt% ethanol VC = V A + V B
25.0 wt% water Mixture C MC = ?
MIXER 60.0 wt% ethanol
VB = ? 40.0 wt% water
Mixture B
MB = ?
SGB = 0.952
40.0 wt% ethanol
60.0 wt% water
Step 5: Solve for the desired
variable.

Input = Output ✔ Balanced equation

(VA) (SGA) (Ethanol,A) + (VB) (SGB) (Ethanol,B) = (VC) (Ethanol,C)
(VA) (SGA) (Ethanol,A) + (VB) (SGB) (Ethanol,B) = (VA + VB) (Ethanol,C)
(300 gal) (0.877) (0.75) + VB (0.952) (0.40) = [(300 gal) (0.877) + VB (0.952)] (0.6)
197.325 gal + 0.381 VB = 157.86 gal + 0.5712 VB
39.465 gal = 0.1902 VB
VB = 207.49 gal = V40 ✔ Correct
 VA = 300 gal
MA = 2195.680 lbm Mixture A
SGA = 0.877
75.0 wt% ethanol VC = V A + V B
25.0 wt% water Mixture C MC = ?
MIXER 60.0 wt% ethanol
VB = ? 40.0 wt% water
MB = ? Mixture B
SGB = 0.952
40.0 wt% ethanol
60.0 wt% water
Step 6: Check for the solutions.

pB = SGB x pnet
= 0.925 x 1000 kg/m³
= 925 kg/m³
MC = M A + M B
MB = 207.215 gal 952 kg 1lbm 1 m³ = 2195.680 lbm + 1646.3 lbm
1 m³ 0.453593 kg 264.17 gal = 3841.98 lbm

= 1646.3 lbm
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION,
HAVE A GREAT DAY AHEAD !