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Chapter Six Design of Inverted Siphon

The document discusses the design of an inverted siphon to pass a discharge of 4 cubic meters per second under a road. Key steps in the design process include: (1) assuming a cross-sectional dimension for the siphon barrel, (2) calculating total head losses from entrance/exit, screens, friction, and elbows, and (3) sizing the barrel such that the energy grade line elevation equals the total head loss. An example design problem demonstrates this process for a site with a required 0.2 meter head loss. The solved example finds that a square barrel with 1.5 meter sides is appropriately sized.

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519 views4 pages

Chapter Six Design of Inverted Siphon

The document discusses the design of an inverted siphon to pass a discharge of 4 cubic meters per second under a road. Key steps in the design process include: (1) assuming a cross-sectional dimension for the siphon barrel, (2) calculating total head losses from entrance/exit, screens, friction, and elbows, and (3) sizing the barrel such that the energy grade line elevation equals the total head loss. An example design problem demonstrates this process for a site with a required 0.2 meter head loss. The solved example finds that a square barrel with 1.5 meter sides is appropriately sized.

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aland pshtiwan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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88

Design of Hydraulic Structures Prepared by: Dr. Fadhil Abd Al-Abbas


Chapter Six: Design of Inverted Siphon

Chapter Six
Design of Inverted Siphon

6.1. Introduction
Inverted siphons are used to convey canal water by gravity under roads, rail roads,
other structures, various types of drainage channels and depressions. A siphon is a
closed conduit designed to run full and under pressure. Inverted siphons (sometimes
called sag culverts or sag lines). The structure should operate without excess head when
flowing at design capacity.

6.2. Application
Economics and other considerations determine the feasibility of using an inverted
siphon or another type of structure. The use of an elevated flume (aqueduct) would be
an alternative to an inverted siphon crossing such features as a deep roadway cut or
89
Design of Hydraulic Structures Prepared by: Dr. Fadhil Abd Al-Abbas
Chapter Six: Design of Inverted Siphon

another channel. The use of a raised grade line and culvert may be a more economical
alternative to employing a siphon under a road.

6.3. Hydraulic Design Consideration


The size of siphon is a function of head, velocity and economy for the pipe. The
following steps may take into consideration during the process of design of siphon:

1. Assume internal dimension for the siphon. Note that when Q < 2.5 m3⁄sec, use
round section and when Q > 2.5 m3⁄sec, use square section.
2. Compute the total head losses which consist of:
a. Entrance and outlet.
b. Head loss in the two screens (trash rack).
c. Head loss due to friction in the barrel.
d. Head loss in the two elbows.
3. Energy grade line elevation is the differences between U/S and D/S = the sum of
all computed losses.
90
Design of Hydraulic Structures Prepared by: Dr. Fadhil Abd Al-Abbas
Chapter Six: Design of Inverted Siphon

Example 6.1: Design an inverted siphon required to pass a canal discharge of 4.0
m3⁄sec under main road with 0.2m head loss. The velocity in the canal is 0.82 m ⁄sec
and the depth of water in the canal 1.5m. Safety screen are provided of entry and
exit. The inverted siphon has 22.5 ̊ elbows of each end. The site dimension are
shown as below. (Take n= 0.013, Ke= 0.2, Ko= 0.3, Kscreens= 0.2, Kelbows= 0.05)

Solution:
Total head loss = 0.2m
∆H = 0.2m = U⁄S (W. L) − D⁄S (W. L) = sum of the losses
For discharging more than 2.5 m3 ⁄sec , use square section.
Q = 4 m3 ⁄sec , hence use square section.
A d
A = d2 P = 4d R= =
P 4

Velocity in the canal = 0.8 m/sec


V2 0.822
Velocity head = = = 0.034m
2g 2∗9.81

Discharge in the barrel Q = 4 m3 ⁄sec


Assume velocity in the barrel = V1
Q 4
V1 = = m⁄sec
A d2
91
Design of Hydraulic Structures Prepared by: Dr. Fadhil Abd Al-Abbas
Chapter Six: Design of Inverted Siphon

V21 16
Velocity head= =
2g 2gd4

Length of the barrel = 7.5 + 26.8 + 7 = 41.3 m


1. Friction losses in the barrel
2𝑔𝑛2 𝐿 𝑉12 n2 ∗L (0.013)2 ∗41.3∗(4)4⁄3 16 0.709
ℎ𝑓 = ∗ = = ∗ V12 = ∗ = … (1)
𝑅 4⁄3 2𝑔 (d/4) 4⁄3 (d)4⁄3 d4 d5.33

2. Entrance & outlet losses:


V21 V2 V21 V2 V21 V2 V21 V2
= Ke ( − ) + Ko ( − ) = 0.2 ( − ) + 0.3 ( − )
2g 2g 2g 2g 2g 2g 2g 2g
16 0.4077
=( − 0.034) = ( − 0.017) … (2)
2gd4 d4

3. Head loss in two elbows:


V21 16 0.08155
= 2 ∗ 0.05 ∗ = 2 ∗ 0.05 ∗ = … (3)
2g 2∗9.81∗d4 d4

4. Head loss in two screens


𝑉2 𝑉2 0.822
= K 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 = (0.2 + 0.2) = 0.4 ∗ = 0.0137 … (4)
2g 2𝑔 2∗9.81

∴ Total loss = sum of Eq. ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 0.2m


0.709 0.4077 0.08155
0.2 = +( − 0.017) + + 0.0137
d5.33 d4 d4
0.709 0.4893
0.2 = + + 0.0307
d5.33 d4

By Trail & Error  d = 1.5 m


 Use dimension of Box = 1.5 ∗ 1.5 m

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