ICRAEM 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (2020) 032095 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032095
IoT based saline level monitoring system
G. Sunil1,6, Srinivas Aluvala2,6, G. Ranadheer Reddy3, Vedantham Sreeharika4, Parupally
Sindhu5, and Sriramula Keerthana5
1,2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S R Engineering College, Warangal,
Telangana, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sumathi Reddy
Institute of Technology for Women, Warangal, Telangana, India
4
B. Tech Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, S R
Engineering College, Warangal, Telangana, India
5
B. Tech Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S R Engineering
College, Warangal, Telangana, India
6
School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, S R University, Warangal,
Telangana, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. In the process of medication, it is a common practice to treat patients with
saline for dehydration and other medical ailments to improve the health condition of
the patients. When fed with saline continuous observation of nurses is mandatory in
monitoring the level of the saline. There are many cases where patients are being
harmed due to the staff inattentiveness, as their absence does not notice the
completion of saline level in the container. This arise the problem of back flow of
blood immediately after the completion of saline in container. Hence to protect the
patient from getting harmed an IoT based saline level monitoring system has been
developed. The proposed model incorporates a sensor which continuously detects the
saline drops. Whenever the sensor does not detect the drops for a certain interval it
alerts the staff of the hospital with the buzzer, helping to monitor the safety of the
patients.
Keywords. Saline, IR Sensor, Servo Motor, Arduino Microcontroller
1. Introduction
Arduino microcontroller is a programmable circuit board; unlike other circuit boards the Arduino does
not require separate hardware to upload a code and plays a major role in developing monitoring
systems. In hospitals in the process of medication to patient when the patients are fed with saline they
must be constantly monitored [1][2]. More often in the busy continuous schedule of the staff attending
the large set of patients, the nurse may forget to monitor and change the saline bottle as soon as its
completion. Thus the blood rushes back to saline bottle through the intravenous tube because of the
imbalance created between the blood pressure and pressure within the empty saline bottle. This may
cause the back flow of blood from their vein through cannula resulting in the reduction of patient
haemoglobin levels and shortage of red blood cells (RBC’s) [9][10][11].
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
ICRAEM 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (2020) 032095 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032095
Patients most frequently face this problem in the hospitals. This may even lead to patient's death.
So to overcome this problem there is a necessity to develop saline level monitoring system which
reduces the dependency of patients on nurses[13].
In this system, whenever the saline in the bottle completes, automatically the tube is compressed
and additionally it also gives a buzzer alerting the staff about the completion of saline in the bottle. By
this, we can avoid the patient's problems and even the hospital staff also feel ease. This system
improves efficiency in the work giving greater results in the hospital maintenance. It is cost effective
and even flexible for nurses[14].
2. Literature review
Saline, known as Saline solution, is a blend of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water (H2O) and has various
utilizations in clinical field. By infusing it in to vein, treat lack of hydration and furthermore used to
weaken different meds to be given by injection[8]. It is most usually utilized as a sterile 9g of salt per
liter (0.9%) arrangement, known as expected saline. Higher and lower focuses may likewise at times
be utilized. Saline has a PH of 5.5 (primarily because of broke down carbon dioxide) making it acidic.
Professional doctors or nurses are responsible for the patient taking intravenous solutions. When a
patient is treated with the saline, as of now there exists no automated system which detects the
completion of saline in saline bottle. This paper also concentrates in controlling the outflow flow of
blood into the empty saline bottle and it is not just restricted in informing the nurses about its
completion [4][5]
3. Existing approach
In the present health care systems nurses are responsible for taking care of patients. They are the one
who monitors the saline level and uses roller clamp for controlling the flow of saline manually. When
the clamp is rolled in upward direction it compresses the tube and stops or slows the saline rate [3][5].
If it is rolled in downward direction it releases the tube and increases the fluid rate. In the present
world there exists no system which will reduce the dependency of nurses in monitoring the saline
levels. Thus there is a need for development of automatic saline level monitoring system[12].
4. Proposed methodology
4.1. System requirements
4.1.1. IR Sensor
IR sensor is an electronic sensor which quantifies the infrared light transmitting from objects in its
environmental factors. It is set at the trickle office of the saline bottle to observe the saline fruition
status [4][6].
4.1.2. Arduino Microcontroller
Arduino microcontroller is an open source microcontroller utilized in building advanced gadgets and
intuitive articles that controls and faculties objects in physical world. It is utilized as a handling and
programming unit for sending guidelines to the servo engine, buzzer [3]
4.1.3. Servo Motor
Servo engine is an actuator which controls the angular or straight position, speed and
increasing speed. It takes a shot at the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) standard, which
implies its point of turn is constrained by the term of heartbeat applied. It works as indicated
by the orders given by the microcontroller and causes the developments in servo-R [4]
4.1.4. Buzzer
Buzzer is an audio signalling device. It alerts the nurses as soon as the bottle gets emptied.
2
ICRAEM 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (2020) 032095 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032095
Figure 1. System architecture
In Figure 1, Arduino takes the power as the input through the USB cable and IR sensor is placed at the
drip chamber of saline bottle. When the saline drop is not detected continuously for 30 sec then the IR
sensor sends the signals to servo motor and buzzer. The servo arm rotates the tube by 90° preventing
the reverse flow of blood and the buzzer gives the sound alerting doctors/nurses .
4.2. Working of system
The above proposed system functions in two different scenarios which are explained as follows
1. Giving a buzzer
2. Twisting the intravenous tube
In the first scenario the IR sensor detects the each saline drop and if it does not detect the drop for
a specified time period it gives a buzzer, alerting the nurse about saline completion. In the second
scenario the arm of the servo motor rotates about 90 degrees simultaneously with the buzzer by
twisting the intravenous tube.
4.3. An algorithm of working of system
1. Acquire 5 voltage power Supply from battery
2. Input 5 Voltage to IR sensor.
3. If (signal ==HIGH)
3.1 Ring buzzer for 5 minutes
3.2 Sending the signal to the servo motor
3.3 Rotation of servo arm to 90 degrees
3.4 Twisting the intravenous tube
3.5 Blocks the reverse flow of blood.
4.4. Mathematical expression
x = time (in sec)
y = servo_motor (0°)
sound 0 = off & 1 = on
if x > 30
y = y + 90° && sound = 1
5. Conclusion
3
ICRAEM 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (2020) 032095 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032095
With automatic saline monitoring system the manual effort of continuously monitoring of patients
injected with saline by the nurses will be reduced. As the whole proposed framework is automated it
requires very less human intercession and endeavours in the centre[15-17]. It will be more invaluable
at nights as there will be no such prerequisite for the nurses to check level of saline in saline container
every now and again which is an apprehensive undertaking. It also saves the patients getting them
harmed from the backflow of blood into the saline container which sometimes can have a deadliest
impact. This will lessen the worry in persistent observing by the medical caretaker at a reasonable
expense.
6. Future scope
In future, it can be implemented with more features using IoT, like
1. It can send the wireless messages to doctors and nurses about the saline droplet rate
2. It can also include the smart health system, which gives the information about body temperature,
blood pressure, heart rate and also the pulse rate. This help in deciding whether the patient
requires another saline bottle or not
7. References
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ICRAEM 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 981 (2020) 032095 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/981/3/032095
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