Ask yourself…

Chapter 3 Cell Structure and

Function • If you were a scientist living in the 1500s,
what kind of questions would you ask
yourself if you were the one to discover
cells?
Let me think.

Cell Video

A _____is
cell the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life functions. Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

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 Section 3.1 Cell Theory History of Cell Theory
• The cell theory grew out of the work of
many scientists and improvements in the
microscope.

1665 Robert Hooke

The Cell Theory

1. All organism are made of one or
• Observed cork under a
microscope.
more cells.
• Noticed it was made of
tiny compartments that 2. The cell is the most basic unit of
reminded him of small life.
rooms found in
monasteries so he
gave them the same 3. All existing cells are produced by
name- “cells” other living cells.
• The cells were actually
dead and only the cell
walls remained.

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 Two Types of Cells:
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
• Membrane bound
organelles. nucleus
• Contain a nucleus
• Ex. plant and
animal, fungi,
protist
organelles
• Prokaryotic cells
– No membrane-bound
organelles.
– No Nucleus
Cell Wall
– It has a cell wall
– Ex: All Bacteria
Bacteria Plants and Animals

Two Types of Cells: Differences Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
• Similarities
• Cell membrane DNA
• Cytoplasm
• DNA cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

cell membrane

DNA
cytoplasm

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 Cell Membrane
Section 3.2 Cell Organelles
• Controls the
movement of
materials that enter
and exit the cell.

• Made of a lipid bi-

layer and proteins.

Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
• Fluid portion of cell between the nucleus and cell
membrane.

• Contains the other organelles.

• Chemical reactions occur in it.

• Support the cell

• Network of
• Helps cell maintain it’s shape protein filaments
• Involved in cell movement. including
microtubules
Like fruit in jello. and
• Found throughout the cytoplasm.
microfilaments.

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 Nucleus Chromatin and Chromosomes
• Contains genetic
information
• Chromatin becomes
chromosomes when the
cell divides

• Control center of the

cell.

• Stores and protects

genetic information

• Only in Eukaryotic cell

Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope

• Surrounds the nucleus.
• Controls what move
into and out of cell’s
nucleus.

• The assembly of ribosomes

begins here.
• Inside the nucleus

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 Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Acts as cellular “subway” or
“canal system” that
transports proteins within the
cell.

• Two types:
• Tiny organelles
1. Rough ER
2. Smooth ER.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Produce lipids
(phospholipids)
• Has no ribosomes.
• Detoxification of
poison.
– Breaks down drugs
and alcohol.

Smooth ER Rough ER

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 How much do you know?
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic 1. Prokaryotes lack
– A. cytoplasm
– B. a cell membrane
– C. a nucleus
– D. genetic material
2. Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
– A. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
– B. Robert Hooke
– C. Matthias Schleiden
– D. Rudolf Virchow B
3. What is the job of the cytoskeleton?
Structure and Support
4. Name the two organelles shown in the image.
– A. Smooth ER

Single-Cellular Membrane Bound Organelles Complex – B. Rough ER

Nucleus Bacteria DNA

Fungi Plants 5. What organelle synthesizes proteins?
Simple Cell Membrane
Multi-Cellular Ribosomes
Cytoplasm Smaller in size Cell Wall

Golgi Apparatus (body) Vesicles

• Transports materials
• Packages and transport through the cytoplasm
cell products to where
they are needed. – Includes cell products,
• Modifies protiens, lipids, nutrients and waste
and carbohydrates that
Transport

they get from the ER.

Vesicle

• Stores and secretes

chemicals from the cell.

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 Vacuoles Mitochondria
• Sac that stores materials Energy
Energy

for the cell .

• Store water, nutrients, or
waste.
• Very large in plant cells

Energy

Plant Cell Structures Cell Wall

• Surrounds the cell
membrane.
• Composed of cellulose and
gives shape, support, and
protection of the cell.

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 Chloroplasts Animal Cell Structures

• Contain chlorophyll and

carry out
photosynthesis.
• In plants cells only

Lysosomes Centrioles

• Contain digestive • They exist in pairs

enzymes. outside the nucleus
• They digest excess or and are involved in
worn out cell parts, cell division.
food particles, and
invading viruses or • They are composed
bacteria. of microtubules
• If lysosomes break, the arranged in a circle.
chemicals may destroy
the cell itself.
• “Worn out” cells are
removed this way.

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 Cilia and Flagella Similarities between plant
• Cilia are short, hair-like
cells and animal cells
• Flagella are whiplike
projections out of the projections that aid in
plasma membrane.
Eukaryotic
movement.
• Used for locomotion in
• Ex. bacteria and
Cell membrane
unicellular organisms.
sperm cells
• They are also found in
multicellular organisms.
• Ex. protists and human Cytoplasm
windpipe
Multicellular
Cilia on a Flagella on
Protozoan. a sperm cell.

Differences between plant Differences between Plant

cells and animal cells Cells and Animal Cells
Animal cells Plant cells Animal cells Plant cells

Smaller in size Larger in size Vacuole small or Large central

absent vacuole
Irregular shape Regular shape
Lysosomes Chloroplast
No cell wall Cell wall present
Centrioles Present

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 The Cell is like a Factory

The Cell is like a Factory

Cell Factory

•Cell Wall • Walls and the roof

•Cell membane • Security Officer
•Cytoskeleton • Conveyor transport
•Nucleus • Main Office
•Ribosomes • Assembly line
•Golgi Apparatus • Shipping office
•Mitochondria • Power company

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