This course covers the

mandatory competences
and the required
knowledge, understanding
and proficiencies
prescribed in Table A-VI/1-2
of the STCW Code as
amended.

PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES

• Instructing all seafarers of dangers of fire in
ships.
• Training seafarers, preferably before taking up
employment on a seagoing ship, in the
prevention and extinguishing of fires.
• Training all seafarers in the theoretical and
practical aspects of fire fighting.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Knows what to do if: fire or smoke is detected, or
the fire alarm is sounded.
• Raise the alarm and have basic knowledge and
practical aspects of fire fighting.
• Close and open the fire, weather, and water-tight
doors fitted in the ship other than those for hull
openings.
• Minimize the risk of fire and maintain a state of
readiness to respond to emergency situations
involving fire.
• Fight and extinguishing fires.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Regular training and drills.
• Preparedness for any fire emergency.
• Knowledge of actions to be taken when called to fire
stations.
• Knowledge of escape routes.
• Knowledge of dangers of smoke and toxic fumes.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 BRIDGE PARTY

EMERGENCY / FIRST AID &

ACTION PARTY EVACUATION
ENGINE PARTY
PARTY

SUPPORT SALVAGE &

PARTY REPAIR PARTY
BOAT PARTY

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Please click here to watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E19MnebEsY

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Bridge Party

• Maneuver the ship to a safe area

as appropriate
• Sound the fire alarm and
announce in the public address
system
• Hoist flag „ J „ flag „II‟ or flag „CB‟
with the numeral six ( 6 )
• All reports coming from the
different parties must be properly
recorded
Bridge Party

• There should be fire symbol entries in the fire

plan or damage control status board
• Assign one seaman to act as messenger
• Continue navigating the ship as appropriate
• In port, contact the fire department and inform
the port authorities
• Send urgent message as necessary

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Support Party

• Conduct muster and report to the bridge, manned and

ready
• All members should be in proper uniform
• All types of firefighting apparatus should be at the fire
scene, ready for use
• Establish fire boundaries
• Ready all lifeboats for launching
• All actions/activities must be reported to the bridge
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 Engine Room Party

• Maintain operational duties of

the main and auxiliary engines
• Report to the bridge, manned
and ready
• Switch off electrical supply to
the fire area from the main
switchboard
• Maintain operational status of
the stand by pump
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
Engine Room Party

• Maintain operational readiness

of the fixed firefighting
installation for any moment
used
• Report all actions/activities to
the bridge

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 First Aid and Evacuation Party

• Report to the bridge,

manned and ready.
• First aid kit and stretcher
with blankets are ready
• All actions must be reported
to the bridge

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
An outlet or valve where
water is drawn out from
fire main to the fire scene

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• A flexible tube that is used to transport water from the
hydrant to the fire scene
• Connected to the hydrants by means of couplings

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Equipment designed to produce different desire of
water stream
• All nozzle onboard ships shall be of the jet/spray type
incorporating a shutoff valve

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
An ordinary size blanket
made up of fire resisting
material used to put out a
starting fire by laying over
the burning material in
order to cut off supply of
oxygen

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Personal protective equipment, which provide the wearer
a safe and breathable air when entering a contaminated
or oxygen deficient atmosphere.

Two types of Breathing Apparatus

• Demand type -Breathing apparatus that gives air only
when the wearer inhales.
• Positive Pressure type-breathing apparatus that gives the
wearer continuous supply of air from face piece

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

1. Full face
2. Demand Valve
3. Waist Belt
4. Fast tube connector
5. Pressure reduce valve
6. Cylinder valve
7. Back support
8. Shoulder Strap
9. Air pressure
10.Alarming device
11.Cylinder belt
12.Air cylinder

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Positive Pressure Type Demand Type

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

1. COAT SWING
(Jacket type)
2. OVERHEAD
3. OFF THE WALL
4. MAN-ASSIST
5. DIRECT TRANSFER

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 The basic principles in ship’s construction

 Division of ship into main

vertical zones by thermal and
structural boundaries
 Separation of accommodation
spaces from the remainder of
the ship by thermal and
structural boundaries

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

The basic principles in ship’s construction

• Restricted use of combustible

materials
• Detection of any fire in the
zone of origin
• Ready available fire-
extinguishing appliances

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

“A” class divisions are those divisions
formed by bulkheads and decks

“B” class divisions are those divisions

formed by bulkheads, deck ceilings or
linings

“C” class divisions - are provisions

constructed of approved non-combustible
materials. They need meet neither
requirements relative to the passage of
smoke and flame nor limitations relative
to the temperature rise.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
• A system of escape route is arranged from all
rooms and sections of the ship
• These escape routes are marked by GREEN signs.
• It is important to know alternative routes.
• Keep the escape routes free from obstructions

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
Matter- anything that occupies spaces and has weight

Three States of Matter

Solid- molecules are closely
packed together

Liquid- molecules are loosely

packed

Gas- molecules are not packed

at all and are free to move
around

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Fuel- any substance that reacts
chemically with oxygen and
produces flames or burns.
 Oxygen- colorless and odorless
gas and one of the composition of
air
 Heat- form energy, generated by
transformation of some other form
of energy as in combustion or
burning. FIRE TRIANGLE

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• A solid figure with four
triangular sides illustrating
how the chain reaction
sequences interacts with
heat, fuel, and oxygen to
support and sustain fire

• The figure that illustrates the

combustion process

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

A chemical process in which a substance combines with
oxygen.

Two forms of Oxidation

• Slow Oxidation (rusting
of iron, rotting of wood)
• Rapid Oxidation
(combustion, fire)

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

A chemical reaction
known as rapid
oxidation that
produces heat and
light in the form of
flames, gases and
smoke.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Presence of combustible
material, which act as fuel
• Sufficient amount of oxygen
• Sufficient/high enough
temperature.
• An unbroken chain reaction.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
• Smoking

• Chemical reactions

• Electrical equipment

• Stowage

• Galley operations
• Fuel oil systems and transfer of fuel
• Hot work operations

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Shore side workers aboard performing
cargo movement, repair, and maintenance

• Shipyard operations

• Tanker loading, unloading and cleaning

operations

• Collisions

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
Flash Point
The lowest temperature in which
materials burn temporarily when
spark or flame is applied

Fire Point
Stage of temperature in which
a fuel burns continuously upon
the application of spark or open
flame.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Auto/Self Ignition Point

• The temperature at which a burnable

substance gives off sufficient
flammable vapor at which oxygen in
the proper proportion will burn
continuously without the application
of spark or open flame
• Ignition temperature of common
combustible materials lie bet. 149oC
(300oF) and 538oC (1000oF).

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

The concentration of a hydrocarbon gas in air below which
there is insufficient hydrocarbon to support and propagate
combustion.

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvv

GASOLINE
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
The concentration of a hydrocarbon gas in air above which
there is insufficient air to support and propagate
combustion.

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvv

GASOLINE
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
• The range of hydrocarbon gas in air that meets the
right proportion
• The range of hydrocarbon gas concentration in air
between the lower and upper flammable limits.
• Mixtures within this range are capable of being ignited
and burned

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvv
GASOLINE
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
From the video, Identify the fire hazards in the
following area:

• Engine Room
• Galley
• Accommodation Area
• Cargo Spaces

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Please click here to watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGdpPCk6Z-s

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Fire hazards in the engine room:

• Combustible liquids – fuels

and lubricating oils
• Oil leaks and oil-soaked
insulation
• Hot surfaces, e.g. exhaust
pipes, engine parts
overheating

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Fire hazards in the engine room

• Defects in lagging

• Hot work. e.g. oil

dripping on hot surface

• Auto-ignition, e.g.
oil dripping on hot
surface

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Hazards in the galley

• Combustible liquids, e.g. cooking oil hot fat

• Hot surfaces, e.g. ovens, frying pans, flues
• Defective electrical connections

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Hazards in accommodation

• Combustible materials, e.g.

furnishings, personal effects
• Matches and cigarette smoking
• Defective electrical connections

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Hazards from cargoes

• Self-heating and spontaneous

combustion
• Oxidizing cargoes and
organic peroxides
• Compressed flammable gas
• Explosives

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Hazards from smokes and cigarettes

• Temperature of burning cigarette,

which is 500‟C is sufficiently high
to ignite most oils and gases on
board ship.
• Carelessness with cigarettes and
matches, setting fire to beds,
clothes waste-paper-bin contents
and furnishings.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Conduction
• The transfer of heat through a solid body
• Can be prevented by proper cooling of the affected
structure

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Convection

• Heat transfer where in

flammable materials starts
burning due to contact with
moving/motion heated matters
• Closing all ventilation can
prevent the spread of fire

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Radiation
• Transfer of heat from a source across intervening
space
• Combustible materials near the boundaries of the
burning space should be removed to prevent
spread of fire

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Direct Flame Contact
materials that will burn
by direct contact with
flame

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Incipient phase

• Surface burning phase

• Free Burning phase
• Smoldering phase

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 INCIPIENT PHASE

• The oxygen content in the air has

not been significantly reduced
• The fire is producing water vapor,
carbon dioxide, perhaps a small
quantity of sulfur dioxide (SO2),
carbon monoxide (CO), and other
gases.
• The initial ignition in a close space

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 SURFACE PHASE ( DEVELOPING)

• The oxygen content is not yet

diminished at lowest level
• Increase in the quantity of
carbon monoxide and other
gases

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FREE-BURNING PHASE
Oxygen rich air is drawn into the
flame as in convection carries the
heat to the uppermost regions of
the confine area. The heated
gases spread out laterally from
the top downward, forcing the
cooler air to seek lower levels,
and igniting all combustible
materials in the upper level.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

SMOLDERING PHASE

• Burning is reduced to glowing embers

• Oxygen content below 15 %
• Little flames, but dense smoke and high heat fills
the area
• Phase of fire where back draft is most likely to
take place

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Please click here to watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InrS4Fdndr4

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Cooling Smothering
Heat Oxygen
Chain
Reaction
Inhibiting
Fuel
Starving

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Cooling (heat)
Reducing temperature
below ignition

Smothering (oxygen)
Separating oxygen from fuel
thru blanketing or completely
covers the top of burning
liquid

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Inhibiting-(chain reaction)
Disrupting or breaking chain
reaction

Starving-(fuel)
Removing fuel from fire or
cutting off fuel supply

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
General safety procedures

• No smoking in hazardous
areas

• Ability to raise the

fire alarm quickly

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 General safety procedures:

• Ability to extinguish fire

by using portable
extinguishers and other
methods.

• Ability to recognize the

fire hazards and to make
the necessary steps to
prevent fires.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

In the engine room:

• Ensuring insulation and lagging are kept in good

condition
• Eliminating oil leaks and preventing accumulation of
oil
• Taking proper fire precautions when welding or
burning is being carried out
• Checking that caps and cocks for sounding pipes to
oil tanks are closed
• Maintaining a clean engine room, removing oil-
soaked rags
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
In the galley:

• Keeping extraction fan and flue gas duct clean

• Ensuring cooking oils do not spill on top of stove or
overheat in electrical cooking pans
• Keeping electrical installations well maintained

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

In the accommodation areas:

• No smoking in bed
• No unauthorized electrical fittings
• No emptying ashtrays into wastepaper bins without
ensuring all cigarette ends are extinguished

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 In the cargo spaces:

• Ensuring hatches are correctly cleaned

• Ensuring cargo is stowed and ventilated in
accordance with the rules
• Prohibition of smoking during cargo-working periods
• Securing of cargo
• Inerting the atmosphere in cargo compartment when
required
• Ensures hold/cargo compartment lights are switched
off and cargo clusters disconnected, removed and
stored away after use and before closing hatches
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 Good housekeeping
Fire preventive measures that
focuses on cleanliness

Fire Prevention
An action to prevent the
completion of fire elements

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Prevention is by far the best method of combating a
fire and this can be achieved by:
• Constant vigilance
• Preparedness
• Fire patrol
• Proper watch keeping
• Maintenance of equipment

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Patrol Systems

Duties of Fire Patrol

• Guard against fire and sound an alarm if fire is
discovered
• Follow a prescribed route
• Ensure that each station on his round is visited
• Cover all parts of the vessel accessible to
passengers and crew
• Follow procedure as per company‟s ISM Manual or
SMS

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
• Fire zone may not be entered unless orders
to do so have been given by the person in
charge
• Personnel must be familiar with the area of
the fire zone and with escape routes
• Personnel must be properly equipped to
enter the fire zone, especially if the lights
have failed and the space is full of smoke
• Personnel must be flexible to filling
vacancies of key personnel in the fire parties

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Accessibility of the location of the fire
• Personnel present at the location of the fire
• Reactions with the cargo
• Equipments and fire fighting agents appropriate
to the fire

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

When the fire alarm is given, fire procedures and
emergency stations procedures are put in effect:
• Crew assembles at the designated fire stations as
given in muster list
• The fire parties assemble, on orders from the bridge,
and carry out tasks aimed at containing the fire and
extinguishing it
• The pumps are started to supply extinguishing water
• The master decides the most appropriate method for
fighting fire

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 The master controls the firefighting operations from the
bridge
 When the fire is extinguished, a fire watch is kept
 Investigation into the cause of fire is initiated by the
master to avoid recurrence
 If the fire is in port, the shore authorities are informed
immediately

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

The rescue of trapped crew
members/passengers is an
extremely important aspect of
every fire fighting operation

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Duties and Responsibilities of every members:(6 man team)

1. Team leader
2. Assist
3. Assist
4. Assist *
5. Assist *
6. Assist

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• First man to find the victim
should shout “I found the
victim”
• Members 4 and 5 carries
the victim by extremities
• *Member #6 first out, to
assist #4 and 5
• First man in, last man out.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Communication
• Personnel safety procedures
must be adhered at all times.
• The need for constant
vigilance
• Knowledge of fire safety
arrangements

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Central control station will be on the bridge

• Master is the overall in command

• Public address announcement thru P.A. system

• Fire team leaders will report to the bridge and

receive instructions

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
“Early detection of fire is very
essential”
• Device that gives warning
• Alert ships crew
• Activate fire extinguishing
equipment

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Supervised Patrol and Watchmen‟s
supervisory system

• Automatic fire detection system

• Manual fire alarm system

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• All fire emit smoke and gases,
often long before open flames are
visible
• The smoke detector can therefore
be activated before the actual
outbreak of fire,
• Activated when flammable gases
and particles are present in the air

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Activated when it is hit by the
varying infrared or ultraviolet
rays from the flames.

• Consequently suitable for

installation in places where
there is risk of fire with rapid
development of flames

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Activated when the room
temperature rises to about 70
degrees Celsius.
• Also available for activation at
other temperature.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

The device that gives you
the location of fire in case
the fire alarm sounded

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Upon discovery of a fire,
your first action should :

• Activate the manual

detection system
• Inform the bridge
• Extinguish the fire or Escape

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 NFPA ISO
A – Common combustible A – Common combustible
Material Solid Material

B – Flammable Liquid & Gas B – Flammable liquid

C – Energized Electrical C – Flammable gases

Equipment
D – Combustible Metal
D – Combustible Metal E – Energized Electrical
K – Cooking Oil or Fat Equipment

F – Cooking Oil or Fat

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 Water

• The most readily available fire

fighting agent
• It has an important secondary effect,
when turn into steam, it expands
about 1700 times, creating
smothering actions as well as
cooling.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Foam

• Extinguishes the fire

. mainly by smothering
• Formed by mixing water
and a foam-making agent
• When applied to burning
oil, they will float on the
surface of the oil

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Basic Type Of Foam

Chemical foam - formed by mixing

alkali with an acid water (usually
sodium bicarbonate with aluminum
sulfate).

Mechanical Foam (“Air Foam”)

produced by mixing a foam
concentrate with water to produce
a foam solution.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Aqueous Film-Forming foam (AFFF)

Low-Expansion High-Expansion

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Carbon Dioxide

• Normally a gas, but it may be

liquefied or solidified under
pressure
• About 1.5 times heavier than
air, and extinguishes fire mainly
by smothering.
• Dilutes the air surrounding the
fire until the oxygen content is
too low to support combustion

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Dry Chemical

An agent that extinguished fire by breaking the chain

reactions

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Dry Powder

• The only extinguishing agents that can control and

extinguish metal fire without causing violent reactions

• Other extinguishing agents may

accelerate or spread the fire, injure
personnel, cause explosions or create
conditions more hazardous than the
original fire

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

WET CHEMICAL

• Use on cooking oil fires

• Charged with a potassium
based liquid which reacts
with the burning oils to form
a foam like substance.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 Please click here to watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRRWK9ssc8c

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
• First line of defense against
small fire .
• Carried to the fire area for
fast attack
• Limited supply of
extinguishing agent
Stored pressure type

A portable fire extinguisher which is

provided with a pressure gauge

Cartridge operated Type

Portable fire extinguisher where in the

propellant is contained in a cylinder.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Letter
• Shape
• Combined (letter/shape)
• Picture-symbol
• Color
• Nozzle

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

P - Pull the Pin

A - Aim the nozzle

S - Squeeze the trigger

S - Sweep the nozzle

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Extinguisher that has more supply of extinguishing
agent than the portable one
• Hose can be run to the fire

Types of Semi portable extinguisher

• Wheeled unit
• Hose reel system
• Foam nozzle with pick up tube

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Wheeled unit-contain on bigger
cylinders/containers , carried
into trolley

Hose reel system-storage

containing the agent ,a rubber
hose and nozzle with a control
valve
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
Foam nozzle with
pick-up tube

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
Designed to be consistent
with the both potential
fire hazards and the use
of protected space of the
ship.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Extinguishing agent should be non toxic
• Adequate quantity for the space protected
• Piping system should have control valve
• Released manually
• Released under the command of the master

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Fire classes
• Extinguishing agent to be employed
• Location of specific hazards
• Explosion potential
• Methods of fire detection
• Protection of the crew

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• CO2 system
• Foam system
• Water spray system
• Sprinkler system
• Dry chemical system
• Fire main system

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Two main types

Local Application – protects particular pieces of

equipment and machinery or independent (free
standing) systems are also used for small specific
hazardous spaces such as paint lockers, lamp lockers

Total Flooding – protects the entire space. Most

commonly used to protect engine rooms, other
machinery spaces and cargo holds

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Basic Components

1. Piping
2. Storage cylinders
3. Discharge heads
4. Control mechanisms

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Normally installed on Crude Oil Tankers
• A very effective smothering agent
• Sets up a vapor barrier that prevents rising of
flammable vapor from the surface of an exposed tank,
thus protecting it from fire in a neighboring tank.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Installed in the special category spaces in which manually
operated pressure water spray systems are normally used

It is also used to protect all parts of any deck and vehicle

platform in such space

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Installed on LPG tankers
• Interrupt the flame producing
chemical reaction resulting in
rapid extinguishment
• Effective only on gas and liquid
fuels as they cannot burn in
smoldering mode of combustion

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Used only to protect living quarters, adjacent
passageways, public spaces, and vehicular decks on
roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) vessels and ferryboats

• Used to limit the spread of fire and reduced the heat

produced by fire

• Protects the personnel and maintain escape routes

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Automatic sprinkler system
A fixed system that automatically
discharges water when the
temperature rating is reached

• Auto released sprinkler head bulbs

to rupture 680C, 730C, 910C
• Fire pump is started automatically
• Water pressure tank require
• Releases water under fire
conditions

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

Manual sprinkler

 Sprinkler heads normally open

 Piping does not contain water
 Water supplied by ships fire
pump manually
 Water pressure tank not
required

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• First line of defense against big fire
• Vessel 500 grt and above requires to carry 2 fire
pumps as per SOLAS regulation
• Emergency fire pump maybe located outside the engine
room
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
 Two Basic Lay-out

Single main system -

one main pipe running
fore and aft

Horizontal loop
system - two parallel
main pipes connecting
to form a loop

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Helmet with visor
• Gloves (non-conducting)
• Boots (non-conducting)
• Fire axe
• Fire proof lifeline with
snap hook and harness
• Breathing apparatus

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Outer surface is covered with a
highly reflective material
reflecting as much as 90% of
the radiant heat
• Not designed to protect the
wearer during direct contact
with flames.
• A self contained breathing
apparatus must be worn under
the proximity suit

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

• Consist of boots, trousers,
coat and hood
• Constructed of nine layers
of fiberglass insulating
material separated by
aluminized heat –
reflecting glass fabric

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

 The entry suit will protect the wearer from direct contact
with flames up to a temperature of 815.50C (15000F) for
a short time

It may be used to:

• Enter flames for rescue

• Enter flames to close a fuel valve
• Enter for other emergency tasks

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING