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Valency and Formulae-Handout

This document provides information on common ions and how to write chemical formulas. It lists common monatomic and polyatomic ions along with their charges. It then discusses that monatomic ions consist of single atoms, while polyatomic ions consist of two or more non-metal atoms. The document outlines three methods to determine chemical formulas: 1) Using ion valencies, 2) From ion names, and 3) From ionic charges. It provides examples for each method including common ion valencies and name prefixes that indicate the number of atoms in the ion.

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ABHAVYA RAJ
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621 views3 pages

Valency and Formulae-Handout

This document provides information on common ions and how to write chemical formulas. It lists common monatomic and polyatomic ions along with their charges. It then discusses that monatomic ions consist of single atoms, while polyatomic ions consist of two or more non-metal atoms. The document outlines three methods to determine chemical formulas: 1) Using ion valencies, 2) From ion names, and 3) From ionic charges. It provides examples for each method including common ion valencies and name prefixes that indicate the number of atoms in the ion.

Uploaded by

ABHAVYA RAJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: ……………………………  GRADE: VIII       
DATE: …………………. SUBJECT: Chemistry   
TOPIC: Common ions and writing chemical formulae  
 
Charges on some common ions, learn!!  
 
Positive ions/Cations  Negative ions/Anions 
Charge  Name of  Formula  Charge  Name of ion  Formula 
ion 
1+  Ammonium  NH​4​+  1-  Bromide  Br​- 
Copper (I)  Cu​+  Chloride  Cl​- 
Hydrogen  H​+  Hydroxide  OH​- 
Lithium  Li​+  Fluoride  F​- 
Potassium  K​+  Iodide  I​- 
Silver  Ag​+  Nitrate  NO​3​- 
Sodium  Na​+  Hydrogencarbonate  HCO​3​- 

2+  Barium  Ba​2+  2-  Carbonate  CO​3​2- 


Calcium  Ca​2+  Sulphate  SO​4​2- 
Copper  Cu​2+  Sulphite  SO​3​2- 
(II)  Fe​2+  Sulphide  S​2- 
Iron (II)  Pb​2+  Oxide  O​2- 
Lead (II)  Mg​2+ 
Magnesium  Ni​2+ 
Nickel (II)  Sr​2+ 
Strontium  Zn​2+ 
Zinc 

3+  Aluminium  Al​3+  3-  Nitride  N​3- 


Iron (III)  Fe​3+  Phosphate  PO​4​3- 

 
 
 
 
 
What are Monatomic and Polyatomic ions? 
Monatomic ions and polyatomic ions are named according to the number of 
atoms present in those ions. The main difference between monatomic and 
polyatomic ions is that monatomic ions are composed of single atoms 
whereas polyatomic ions are composed of two or more atoms  
(Mostly non metals) per ion.  
Examples for monatomic ions include Na+, K+, Cl–, etc. 
Examples for polyatomic ions include NH4+, NO2–, NO3–, etc. 
Both behave as single entity during the chemical reactions​. 

How to find the chemical formula 

 
1. From valencies 
2. From names 
3. From ionic charges 
 
1. From valencies 
You can usually predict the formula of a compound by looking at the valency of the atoms 
involved. Valency is the combining power of the atom- i.e. how many bonds it can form 
with another atom. Usually, this is related to its outer shell electron or valence 
electrons 
 
Example: 
Sodium has one valence electron, so it can lose one electron. It has a valency of one. 
Chlorine has 7 valence electron, so it can gain one electron. Its valency is also one. When 
chlorine and sodium combine, one chlorine atom combines with one sodium atom-so the 
formula of sodium chloride is NaCl. 
 
Mg has a valency of 2, Cl has a valency of one, so for every Mg, 2 Cl are needed. The 
formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl​2​. 
 
Rules: 
For elements, the valency is related to its position in the periodic table: 
 

Group no.  1  2  3  4  5  6  7 
Valency  1  2  3  4  3  2  1 
 
 
The valency of an element from groups 1-4 equals their group number. 
For elements in groups 5-7, the valency equals (8-their group number). 
 

 
 

Valency of some polyatomic ions:    


 
Formula  NH​4​+  NO​3​-  OH​-  HCO​3​-  SO​4​2-  CO​3​2-  PO​4​3- 
Name  Ammonium  Nitrate  Hydro Hydrogenc Sulphate  Carbonate  Phosphate 
xide  arbonate 
Valency  1  1  1  1  2  2  3 
 
Some atoms (mostly transition metals) can have more than one common valency. In this 
case, the valency is written as roman numerals in the name: 
e.g. Iron (II) Chloride- FeCl​2  ​This is called 'iron two chloride'   
Iron (III) oxide-Fe​2​O​3 ​, Iron (II) oxide- FeO 
 
Zinc ions are always Zn​2+​ and silver always Ag​+ 
 
Cross over the valencies to get the formula (and simplify, for e.g. CaO, both have 
valency of 2, so cross over and simplify so its 1:1) 
e.g. Covalent compounds 
 
A,B=non-metals 
Cross valencies 
A​x   y​B  à  A​y ​B​x 
e.g. C​4​  ​1​H  à C​1​H​4 ​= CH​4 
e.g. P​3  1​Br  à PBr​3 
 
2. From names:  
1. mono-1 
2. di-2 
3. tri-3 
4. tetra-4 
e.g.  
carbon ​mono​xide=CO  
Sulphur ​di​oxide= SO​2 
Di​nitrogen ​mono​xide= N​2​O 
Carbon ​tetra​bromide= CBr​4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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