Maple Leaf Int.
School Class X
CHEMISTRY
Assignment 1
Energetics
Name: …………………………………………………………………………………… School ID:………..…………………………
1 A group of students planned an experiment to find the temperature rise in a neutralisation reaction. This is their
method.
▪ Use a measuring cylinder to add 25 cm 3 of an alkali to a 100 cm3 beaker
▪ Record the temperature of the alkali
▪ Use a burette to add an acid to the alkali in 5.0 cm3 portions
▪ Record the temperature of the mixture after adding each portion of acid
▪ Stop the experiment when the neutralisation is complete
(a) The teacher asked the students about their method. Suggest an answer to each of her questions.
(i) Why would it be better to use a pipette rather than a measuring cylinder?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(ii) It would be better if a polystyrene cup were used instead of a beaker. What property of polystyrene make this an
improvement?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(iii) What extra step should there be between adding each portion of acid and measuring the temperature?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(iv) How would you know when the neutralisation was complete?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(b) The diagrams show the readings on the thermometer before and after one of the students added a portion of acid.
Write down the thermometer readings and calculate the temperature change.
Temperature before adding acid …………………………………………………… °C
Temperature after adding acid …………………………………………………… °C
Temperature change …………………………………………………… °C
(3)
pg. 1
(c) One student obtained these results from an experiment in which she added a total of 40.0 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid
to 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
(i) Plot a graph of these results on the grid below.
Draw a straight line of best fit through the first five points and another straight line of best fit through the last four
points. Make sure the two lines cross.
(5)
(ii) The point where the lines cross indicates the volume of acid needed to exactly neutralise the alkali, and also the
maximum temperature reached. Use your graph to record these values.
Volume of acid = …………………………… cm3 Maximum temperature = …………………………… °C
(2)
(d) A second student used the same method and found that 30.0 cm 3 of acid were needed to neutralise 25 cm3 of
alkali. He obtained a temperature rise of 5.5°C in his experiment.
Calculate the heat energy change (in J) in this experiment using the expression:
heat energy change = total volume of mixture × 4.2 × temperature change
Heat energy change = …………………………….. J
(2)
(e) A third student calculated that the heat energy change in her experiment was 1800 J. This heat energy was
released by the neutralisation of 25 cm3 of 1.50 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide solution.
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide neutralised.
Amount of sodium hydroxide = …………………………… mol
(2)
pg. 2
(ii) Calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, for the neutralisation of sodium hydroxide.
Molar enthalpy change = …………………………… kJ/mol
(2)
(Total = 20 marks)
2 A student uses this apparatus to measure the temperature change when lithium iodide dissolves in water.
He measures a steady temperature of the water before adding the lithium iodide.
He then adds the lithium iodide, stirs the mixture until all the solid dissolves and records the maximum temperature
reached.
The diagram shows the thermometer readings before and after dissolving the lithium iodide.
(a) Use the readings to record the following values.
Temperature after adding lithium iodide = …………………………………………….. °C
Temperature before adding lithium iodide = …………………………………………….. °C
Temperature change = …………………………………………….. °C
(3)
pg. 3
(b) In a second experiment, using the same mass of water, the student records a temperature increase of 4.9°C.
(i) Use this expression to calculate the heat energy change in this experiment.
Heat energy change (in J) = mass of water (in g) × 4.2 × temperature change (in°C)
Heat energy change = …………………………….. J
(2)
(ii) In this experiment, 6.3 g of lithium iodide were used.
Calculate the amount, in moles, of lithium iodide in 6.3 g. [M r of lithium iodide = 134]
Amount of lithium iodide = …………………………… mol
(1)
(c) In a third experiment the student obtains these results.
(i) Calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, in this experiment.
Molar enthalpy change = …………………………… kJ/mol
(2)
(ii) The temperature change in this experiment shows that dissolving lithium iodide in water to form lithium iodide
solution is an exothermic process.
Complete the energy level diagram to show the position of the lithium iodide solution.
Label the diagram to show ΔH, the molar enthalpy change.
(2)
(Total = 10 marks)
pg. 4
3 The following table contains average bond energies that you will need to answer both parts of this question.
Bond Bond energy / kJmol−1
C–H 413
C=O 805
C≡O 1077
O–H 464
O=O 498
(a) Methane burns in a good supply of air according to the following equation.
CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
By considering the bonds broken and bonds formed, calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction. Include a
sign and units in your answer.
Bond breaking
Bond No of bonds Bond energy Energy taken in
Total energy taken in
(3)
Bond formation
Bond No of bonds Bond energy Energy given out
Total energy given out
(3)
ΔH = ………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2)
(b) In a poor supply of air, the poisonous gas carbon monoxide (C ≡ O) is formed.
CH4 (g) + 32 O2 (g) → CO (g) + 2 H2O (g)
In terms of enthalpy changes, explain why the production of carbon monoxide by a gas heater reduces its efficiency.
(You do not need to show the calculation of enthalpy change for this reaction).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2)
(Total = 10 marks)
pg. 5
