COLEGIO REYES CATÓLICOS
“Más que un Colegio”
ENGLISH RECOVERY WORKSHOP
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SECOND PERIOD
NAME: ________________________________ GRADE: _______________
I. COMPLETE THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE II) BY PUTTING THE
VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM. USE CONDITIONAL I WITH WOULD IN
THE MAIN CLAUSE.
1. If we (have) ___________________a yacht, we (sail) ___________________ the seven seas.
2. If he (have) ___________________more time, he (learn) ___________________karate.
3. If they (tell) ___________________their father, he (be) ___________________very angry.
4. She (spend) ___________________a year in the USA if it (be) ___________________easier to
get a green card.
5. If I (live) ___________________on a lonely island, I (run) ___________________around naked
all day.
6. We (help) ___________________you if we (know) ___________________how.
7. My brother (buy) ___________________a sports car if he (have) ___________________the
money.
8. If I (feel) ___________________better, I (go) ___________________to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) ___________________by bike more often, you (be / not) ___________________so
flabby.
10. She (not / talk) ___________________to you if she (be) ___________________mad at you.
II. READING COMPREHENSION.
Passage Reading and English Comprehension
New observations about the age of some globular clusters in our Milky Way galaxy have cast
doubt on a long-held theory about how the galaxy was formed. The Milky Way contains about
125 globular clusters (compact groups of anywhere from several tens of thousands to perhaps
a million stars) distributed in a roughly spherical halo around the galactic nucleus. The stars
in these clusters are believed to have been born during the formation of the galaxy, and so
may be considered relics of the original galactic nebula, holding vital clues to the way the
formation took place. The conventional theory of the formation of the galaxy contends that
roughly 12 to 13 billion years ago the Milky Way formed over a relatively short time (about
200 million years) when a spherical cloud of gas collapsed under the pressure of its own
COLEGIO REYES CATÓLICOS
“Más que un Colegio”
gravity into a disc surrounded by a halo. Such a rapid formation of the galaxy would mean that
all stars in the halo should be very nearly the same age. However, the astronomer Michael
Bolte has found considerable variation in the ages of globular clusters. One of the clusters
studied by Bolte is 2 billions years older than most other clusters in the galaxy, while another
is 2 billion years younger. A colleague of Bolte contends that the cluster called Palomar 12 is 5
billion years younger than most other globular clusters. To explain the age differences among
the globular clusters, astronomers are taking a second look at “renegade” theories. One such
newly fashionable theory, first put forward by Richard Larson in the early 1970’s, argues that
the halo of the Milky Way formed over a period of a billion or more years as hundreds of small
gas clouds drifted about, collided, lost orbital energy, and finally collapsed into a centrally
condensed elliptical system. Larson’s conception of a “lumpy and turbulent” protogalaxy is
complemented by computer modeling done in the 1970’s by mathematician Alan Toomre,
which suggests that closely interacting spiral galaxies could lose enough orbital energy to
merge into a single galaxy.
11. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(a) the importance of determining the age of globular clusters in assessing when the
Milky Way galaxy was formed
(b) recent changes in the procedure used by astronomers to study the formation of the
Milky Way galaxy
(c) current disputes among astronomers regarding the size and form of the Milky Way
galaxy
(d) the effect of new discoveries regarding globular clusters on theories about the
formation of the Milky Way galaxy
12. According to the passage, one way in which Larson’s theory and the conventional theory
of the formation of the Milky Way galaxy differs is in their assessment of the
(a) amount of time it took to form the galaxy
(b) size of the galaxy immediately after its formation
(c) particular gas involved in the formation of the galaxy
(d) importance of the age of globular clusters in determining how the galaxy was formed
13. Which of the following, if true, would be most useful in supporting the conclusions drawn
from recent observations about globular clusters?
(a) There is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy is between 10
and 17 billion years.
(b) A study of over 1,500 individual stars in the halo of the Milky Way galaxy indicates
wide discrepancies in there ages.
(c) A survey reveals that a galaxy close to the Milky Way galaxy contains globular
clusters of ages close to the age of Palomar 12.
COLEGIO REYES CATÓLICOS
“Más que un Colegio”
(d) Space probes indicate that the stars in the Milky Way galaxy are composed of several
different types of gas.
14. If Bolte and his colleague are both correct, it can be inferred that the globular cluster
Palomar 12 is approximately
(a) 5 billion years younger than any other cluster in the galaxy
(b) the same age as most other clusters in the galaxy
(c) 7 billion years younger than another cluster in the galaxy
(d) 12 billion years younger than most other clusters in the galaxy
15. The passage suggests that Toomre’s work complements Larson’s theory because it
(a) specifies more precisely the time frame proposed by Larson
(b) subtly alters Larson’s theory to make it more plausible
(c) supplements Larson’s hypothesis with direct astronomical observations
(d) provides theoretical support for the ideas suggested by Larson
16. Which of the following most accurately states a finding of Bolte’s research, as described in
the passage?
(a) The globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are 2 billion years older than predicted
by the conventional theory.
(b) The ages of at least some globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy differ by at least 4
billion years.
(c) One of the globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy is 5 billion years younger than
most others.
(d) The globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are significantly older than the
individual stars in the halo.
17. The author of the passage puts the word “renegade” in quotation marks most probably in
order to
(a) indicate that the theories in question are no longer as unconventional as they once
seemed
(b) emphasize the lack of support for the theories in question
(c) contrast the controversial quality of the theories in question with the respectable
COLEGIO REYES CATÓLICOS
“Más que un Colegio”
character of their formulators
(d) generate skepticism about the theories in question
III. Re-order these words to make Second Conditional sentences. Each sentence
begins with the word "if". Remember the punctuation!
18. I / would / . / study / had / time / , / I / more / if / French
_________________________________________________________________________________________
19. your / some / saw / buy / would / if / . / cheap / shoes / , / she / mother /
them
_________________________________________________________________________________________
20. police / arrest / if / knew / . / where / the / the / was / hiding / , / murderer /
would / they / him
__________________________________________________________________________________________
21. valley / if / it / . / three / for / days / , / the / flooded / rained / would / be
_________________________________________________________________________________________
22. more / would / if / money / less / you / were / ! / lazy / , / you / earn
_________________________________________________________________________________________
23. could / ! / tricks / dog / TV / if / my / learn / was / go / able / to / some / , /
he / on
___________________________________________________________________________________________
24. crazy / would / if / broke / . / the / TV / father / , / my / go
___________________________________________________________________________________________
25. would / very / if / Jane / angry / sister / and / her / didn't / Jeff / the / . /
party / , / come / to / be
__________________________________________________________________________________________
