Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE
Information and
Technology
Communication
Quarter 1:
Introduction to Computers
Prepared by:
GRACEY O. SANTIAGO
Teacher III
Sta. Rosa National High School
i
Information Technology and Communication
Quarter 1: Introducing Computer Basics
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Development Team of the Module
Writer:Gracey O. Santiago
Editor:
Reviewer:
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz
Joye D. Madalipay
Arnel S. Bandiola
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry G. Tabrilla
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos
Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address:
[email protected] ii
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Information
Technology and
Communication
Quarter 1:
Introduction to Computers
1
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Information Technology and Communication Module on
Introduction to Computers. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Note to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Information Technology and Communication Module on
Introduction to Computers. This module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies
to Know you are expected to learn in the module.
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What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get
all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What is it This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.
This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I have This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph
Learned to be filled in to process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can This section provides an activity which will help you
Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you to
Activities enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
This is a list of all sources used in developing this
References module.
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The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer WhatIKnowbefore moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module in Introducing Computer Basics contains lessons that provide
you the knowledge and skills in performing primary operations with computer. In
your journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are expected to:
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles of computer basics.
Performance Standard:
The learner independently performs the use of primary operations with computer.
Learning Objectives:
1. define a computer and describe its primary operations
2. identify the major parts a computer, including input, output, system unit,
storage, and communications hardware
3. discuss the advantages of using computers in the day-to-day living and cite
the risk associated in using it
4. list the five categories of computers, giving at least one example of each of
computer and stating what that computer might be used for
5. discuss the societal impact of computers citing several ways computer is
integrated into our business and personal lives
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6. list some important milestones in computer history
7. define the components that make up a computer and identify various
peripheral devices
8. start the computer, identify basic interface components, use a mouse, and
open and close applications
The module is divided into 2 lessons, namely:
1. Computer components
2. Fundamentals of a Computer
What I Know
I. PRETEST:
MATCHING TYPE:Match A to B to complete the definitions on the computer
components.
A B
1. Case a. used to point and select.
2. Monitor b. used to type, navigate, and enter commands.
3. Keyboard c. provides the ability to hear music and video soundtracks.
4. Speakers d. contains the processing parts of the computer.
5. Mouse e. creates a hard copy of your work.
6. Printer f. resembles a television in function and features.
II. ESSAY:Briefly answer and explain the question below. (5 pts.)
What is a computer and the use of it?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Lesson
Components of a Computer
1
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What’s In
Activity 1: How much do you know?
Directions: Study the picture below and complete the table by giving the uses of the
different parts of the computer.
.
Monitor
Speaker
System Unit
Keyboard
Mouse
Figure 1: Parts of a Computer
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/acer-desktop-computer-15704420191.html
Components of a Computer Uses
Monitor
Speaker
System Unit
Keyboard
Mouse
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What is New
A computer is a machine that you use to store and manipulate information.
The earliest computers were as large as a room. But thanks to continuous
technological advances, you can now hold some computers in the palm of your
hand. Computers are found almost everywhere, and they are used to perform a
variety of functions. They are available in a range of sizes, shapes, types, and speeds
to meet your needs.
What is It
I. TheComponents of a Computer
Personal computer- is the most popular type of computer is a personal
computer (PC). You can use PCs to perform a diverse range of tasks.
Uses of a Personal Computer
1. Writing and editing documents, such as letters, schedules, and reports
2. Maintaining large volumes of data
3. Managing numbers and performing calculations
4. Creating and manipulating graphics
5. Using multimedia and playing games
6. Creating charts and graphics
7. Communicating through e-mail and instant messaging
8. Buying and selling items on the Internet
9. Researching topics on the Internet
A. Desktop components
Desktops- can be placed conveniently on a desk (hence, the name).
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Figure 2. A typical desktop computer
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/system-unit.htm
Typical Components of a Computer System
1. Box (case) – is the computer case encloses the primary components that
make thecomputer work. Computer boxes are often referred to as “towers.”
2. Monitor - displays the images and text generated by the computer so that
you can see whatit’s doing, including the results of your actions. Similar to
television technology, computer monitors have evolved from cathode ray tube
(CRT) to liquid crystal diode (LCD) displays. LCD monitors are also referred to
as “flat-panel monitors” and have become the standard monitor that comes
with a new computer.
3. Keyboard – is an input device that enables you to input letters, numbers,
and other characters into the computer for storage or manipulation.
4. Mouse – is a input device that enables you to point to graphical elements
displayed on the monitor and interact with the computer.
5. Speakers - is a device attach to the sound card in your computer in order
to output sound. Some speakers are built into monitors or come with the
monitor and can be attached to it.
6. Printer – is used if you want to have a hard copy of your work in addition
to the files. There are many types of printers, including inkjet and laser
printers.
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B. Laptop component
Laptop are also called Portable PCs can run on batteries, are small in size,
and are easy to carry. The terms laptop and notebook are often used interchangeably
when talking about a portable PC.
Figure 3. A laptop computer
http://software.isrg.org.uk/vipi/downloadedcourse/resources/6.html
Components of a Laptop
1. The case contains all of the components, and unlike a desktop PC, it cannot
easily be opened for upgrades.
2. The monitor is stored in the cover. When you open the laptop, the screen
is visible.
3. The keyboard is typically smaller, and some keys perform dual functions.
4. A touchpad replaces the mouse as a pointing device.
Types of portable PCs.
1. A tablet PC is a computer that looks like a pad. It has a screen on which a
user can write with a digital pen.
2. A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld device originally designed
as a personal organizer. It includes a clock, a date book, an address book, a
task list, a memo pad, and a calculator. Another name for PDA is palmtop
because it fits in the palm of your hand.
Desktop and Laptop computer has its own pros and cons. When you purchase
a computer this will be a guide.
Types of Personal Advantage Disadvantage
Computer
Desktop Easy addition of drives, Not portable
memory, and other
internal devices
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More affordable for same
computing power
Laptop Ability to take and Difficult to add more
useanywhere (portability) drives
or other internal
Self-contained components
Greater potential for
damage and theft when
carrying it around
Do you know the parts of a computer? Now let us be familiar with its parts.
Parts of a Computer
1. Internal components are devices that are installed inside the computer’s case.
Figure 4. Typical internal components of a PC
https://yasminyakub.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/pmt-computer-specifications-system-unit/
A. Typical Internal Components of a PC
1. Motherboard – is the main circuit board in a personal computer, sometimes
referred to as the system board or main board.
2. CPU – is the central processing unit; the “brains” of the computer.
3. CPU fan – is a cooling device used to prevent the CPU from overheating.
4. Hard drive - is the primary data-storage unit.
5. CD or DVD is a large-capacity removable storage device that can be used to
loaddriveinformation into the computer, play audio CDs, play video DVDs, and if
so equipped, save information to DVD or CD media.
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6. Floppy drive – is a phased-out storage device. Floppy disks have much less
storage(older computers)capacity than CDs or DVDs. Floppy drives are no longer
included withnew computer systems.
7. Power supply – is the source of the computer’s power. It converts wall voltage
(110V or220V) to the various DC voltages used by the computer’s
internalcomponents.
8. Network adapter – is a device for connecting the computer to a network.
9. Sound andmultimedia – is a device for producing high-quality sound output.
Such devices ofteninclude inputs to which you can connect gaming devices, such
asadapter joysticks, controllers, and steering wheels.
10. Internal modem(older computers) – is a device for connecting the computer
to a phone line so the computer can connect to the Internet and send and receive
faxes. Internal modems have become less common with the increase in home
network access.
2.External components are separate devices connected to the main computer’s case
through cables or wireless connections. External components are often called
peripherals.
A. Common Peripheral Devices
1. Scanner – is an input device with which you can convert pictures or documents
to data, which can be stored on, or manipulated by, the computer.
2. Digital or video camera- is a device for capturing photos and transferring them
to the computer for storage or manipulation.
3. Cable modem- is a communication device that allows you to access the
Internet. To use a modem, you need communication software that allows your
computer to interact with the device.
4. MP3 player- is a device used to play digital music files. Common MP3 players
include the iPod, the Walkman, and the Sansa.
5. Game controllers- is a device that are used to play video games. These devices
include joysticks, steering wheels, and other handheld controllers.
6. USB flash drives- is a small portable storage device that is used to store and
transfer files.
7. External hard drives- is a device used to provide additional storage space for
data.
8. Ports and connectors-A port is the interface to which you connect a device.
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Types of ports
a. USB (Universal Serial Bus) — The most common port, used to
connect peripherals and the basic components (keyboard, mouse,
andprinter).
b. FireWire — Officially known as IEEE 1394, the standard port for digital
video equipment.
c. Video and audio jacks — Used for speakers andheadphones.
d. Serial — Being phased out byUSB.
e. Parallel— Still used by someprinters.
II.Fundamentals of a Computer
Hardwarerefers to the physical components of the computer. Software is a set of
instructions that a computer requires to perform various tasks, such as managing
hardware components, creating documents, and sending e-mail messages. There are
two categories of software: system andapplication.
Types of System Software
System softwarecontrols hardware components such as the mouse, the
keyboard, and the computer’s memory. It ensures that the instructions received from
a user are correctly interpreted. System software consists of the operating system
and utility software, such as device drivers.
A. A device driveris software that allows a device, such as a printer, to communicate
with the operating system. When you connect a new device to your computer, the
operating system will usually recognize it and download the required driver
automatically if you are connected to the Internet. Sometimes, you might need to
manually download drivers from a manufacturer’s Web site and installthem.
B. An operating systemis software that carries out the computer’s essential
functions. The operating system provides an environment for hardware and software
to work together. Common operating systems include Windows, Macintosh (Mac),
andLinux.
Types of Operating systems
Microsoft Windows is currently the most popular operating system in the
world, followed by the Macintosh and Linux operating systems. All current operating
systems have a graphical user interface (GUI, pronounced “gooey”). With a GUI, you
use icons (small pictures) or menus to perform a function or run a program.
1. Macintosh (Mac)- is Apple’s operating system. It runs only on Apple computers;
you can’t currently install the Mac OS on a PC. However, PC users are usually able
to switch between the two operating systems fairly easily. At the time of this writing,
the current version of Mac is Mac OS X (“ten”).
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Both the Mac OS and Windows are updated regularly, providing users with
frequent improvements and upgrades.
2. Linux- is a free client operating system based on the UNIX operating system. You
can download Linux for free, or you can buy a distribution version from a vendor
such as Red Hat. A Red Hat Linux desktop is shown in Exhibit 1-7. Linux provides
a graphical Windows-like interface, which most experienced Windows users wouldn’t
have trouble using. Linux runs on most PCs from popular PC manufacturers.
Although Linux does have a graphical user interface, many system
administration tasks are performed at the command line. These tasks require more
advanced knowledge and more experience than do similar tasks performed on
Windows or Mac OS Xcomputers.
3. Windows 10- is released in
2015, Windows 10 is the newest addition to the family of Windows
operating systems.
Parts of Windows 10
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1. Startbutton- it is used to click it to start applications, open folders, shut
downyour computer, and perform other commonfunctions.
2. Taskbar- is a rectangular bar that contains the Start button, pinned program
icons, icons for open programs, and the notificationarea.
3. Desktop- is used to hold shortcuts to files and folders for easy access. Or you
might prefer to keep your desktop “clean” and free of file and folder shortcuts.
The desktop can also display gadgets. You can customize the desktop image with
one of several built-in graphics or a graphic of yourown.
4. Gadgets- are small programs that usually perform a single, simple
functionand thatrun continually on the desktop. Examples include a clock, a
calculator, news feeds, and small games and slideshows.
5. Notificationarea- is also called the system tray, this area contains the date
and time, the volume control, and any icons showing the status of
backgroundprograms.
III. The Mouse
The mouse is an input device you can use to select items and start
programs. A mouse can have one, two, or three buttons, although mouse devices
with four or more buttons have also been created. In addition to the regular
buttons, a mouse can have a wheel button that you use to scroll through
documents. By default, the left mouse button isthe primary mouse button.
However, you can designate the right mouse button as the primary mouse button
to suit yourpreferences.
Types of Operations with the Mouse:
1. Pointing — Positioning the mouse pointer over anobject.
2. Clicking — Quickly pressing and releasing the left (primary) mousebutton.
3. Double-clicking — Pressing and releasing the left mouse button twice in
rapid succession.
4. Dragging — Holding down the left mouse button while moving themouse
pointer. This activity is also referred to as drag anddrop.
5. Right-clicking— Pressing and releasing the right (secondary) mousebutton.
You use the left mouse button to select, move, and open objects. You use the
right mouse button to display an object’s shortcut menu, which contains frequently
used commands associated with that object.
IV. Application software
Application softwareis designed for specific purposes, such as creating
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documents, browsing the Internet, or doing your bookkeeping. A wide variety of
application software is available to help you perform these and many other tasks.
For example, you can create and manage documents by using word processing
software, maintain household expenses by using spreadsheet software, and write to
friends by usinge-mail software. Application software includes programs like
Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, and Google Chrome, to name afew.
Process of opening an Applications
1. When you open an application, Windows displays a corresponding icon on the
taskbar. This program icon is called a taskbar button.Taskbar buttons are positioned
from left to right in the order in which you open the applications.
2. You can point to a taskbar button to display a thumbnail of the application
window. (A thumbnail is a small version of a larger item or image.)
3. You can click a taskbar button to maximize or minimize the application window.
The button for the active application—the one you are working with—appears
highlighted on the taskbar. You can switch between multiple open applications by
clicking the taskbar button of the application you want to activate.
V. The Windows Start menu
You can use the Start menu to open applications, get help, configure your
computer, search for files on your computer, and shut down or restart your
computer. When you click the Start button (the round button on the left edge of the
taskbar), the Start menu opens. You also can open the Start menu by pressing
Ctrl+Esc or the Windows logo key.
VI. Windows Accessories
Windows provides several programs organized as Accessories. These
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programs come in handy when you need to do simple tasks that don’t require more
robust software. To start any of these programs, click Start, choose All Programs,
Accessories, and choose the desired accessory.
Programs included:
1. Calculator — Used to perform mathematicalcalculations.
2. Notepad — Used to create, edit, and print simple, unformatted textdocuments.
3. Paint — Used to create drawings, designs, andimages.
4. WordPad — Used to create more advanced word-processingdocuments.
VII. Closing applications
When you are finished working with an application, you need to close it.
Windows provides several ways to do so. First, you need to activate the application
by clicking its taskbar button (if necessary). Then, do one of thefollowing:
1. If the program has a File menu, choose File,Exit.
2. Click the Close button (the X button in the upper-rightcorner).
3. Right-click the application’s taskbar button and click Closewindow.
Press Alt+F4
What’s More
Activity 2.Make me say yes, make me say no
Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.
1. The primary purpose of a computer system is to transform data into information.
2. The process of entering data into the computer is calledoutput
3. The process of displaying the information is input.
4. The physical part of the computer system is generally called hardware.
5. A storage device helps in storing important data for future use while a processing
device enables a computer to transmit and receive data, to and from one or more
computers or mobile devices.
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What I have Learned
Activity 3._Fill me up!
Directions:Complete the paragraph below by filling up the missing word.
Choices are in the box below.
laptop popular notebook
desktop portable PC’s
The most 1._______________type of computer is a personal computer (PC).
2._____________can be placed conveniently on a desk (hence, the name).Laptop
are also called 3.__________________can run on batteries, are small in size, and
are easy to carry. The terms 4.________________and 5._________________are often
used interchangeably when talking about a portable PC.
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Desktop or Laptop Survey
Directions:Survey at least 5 persons in your locality. Ask and find out which is
better—desktop or laptop?Explain why.
Name of the person Desktop or Explanation
Laptop
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Assessment
Post Test
I. Direction: Identify and label the basic components of a computer.
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE:Read the statements carefully and choose the correct answer
from the given choices in each item. Write the letter of your choice on your answer
sheet.
1. What is the device used to input data or type data?
a. keyboard b. mouse c. scanner d. speaker
2. What is the device attach to the sound card in your computer in order to
output sound.
a. keyboard b. mouse c. speaker d. webcam
3. What is the device enables you to point to graphical elements displayed on
the monitor and interact with the computer?
a. keyboard b. mouse c. scanner d. webcam
4. What is a software that carries out the computer’s essential
functions?
a. device driver c. operating system
b. system software d. mouse
5. What part of Windows10 that is used to click it to start applications,
open folders, shut down your computer, and perform other common
functions?
a. Start button b. Taskbar c. Desktop d. Gadgets
6. What part of Windows10 that is a rectangular bar that contains the Start
button, pinned program icons, icons for open programs, and the
notification area?
a. Start button b. Taskbar c. Desktop d. Gadgets
7. What part of Windows10 that is used to hold shortcuts to files and folders
for easy access?
a. Start button b. Taskbar c. Desktop d. Gadgets
8. What part of Windows10 that are small programs that usually perform a
single, simple function and that run continually on the desktop?
a. Start button b. Taskbar c. Desktop d. Gadgets
9. What type of operating system is a free client operating system based on the
UNIX operating system?
a. Macintosh b. Microsoft Window c. Linux d. Apple
10. What type of operatingsystem that runs only on Apple computers?
a. Macintosh b. Microsoft Window c. Linux d. Apple
Additional Activities
Direction: Write down either location/venue or situation were each type of
personal computer is commonly used in our society. Write 5 each type of personal
computer and write it in your paper.
CRITERIA FOR THE
ACTIVITY PERCENTAGE SCORE
Accurate to task given 30
Precise on the exact type of
computer 30
Informative answer 40
TOTAL 100
Congratulations for a job well
done. Your module ends here.
Keep safe!
Windows 7 Edition, Crisp Pub Inc.
Heffeman, Brandon, Poulsen, Tim, Introduction to Personal Computers
Reference
What I Know What’s More Assessment 11.External hard drive
PRE-TEST 1. T POST TEST 12. Memory card
1. D 2. F 1. System Unit 13. Card Reader
2. F 3. F 2. Optical disk drive 14.USB flash drive
3. B 4. T 3. Webcam 15. Modem
4. C 5. T 4. Monitor
5. A What I Have Learned 5. Hard disk drive II. Multiple Choice
6. E 1. Popular 6. Printer 1. a
2. Desktop 7. Scanner 2.c
3. Portable PC’s 8. Speaker 3.b
4. Laptop 9. Keyboard 4. c
5. Notebook 10. Mouse 5.a
6.b
7.c
8. d
9.c
10.a
Answer Key
