INTRODUCTION
• when we report (informar) what another
person said, we use:
• DIRECT SPEECH: “I’m tired”, he said
• REPORTED SPEECH: He said that he was tired
CHANGES
• PRONOUNS and POSSESSIVES:
Examples: Direct Speech…
“I hate you”, he told me
“I hate your brother” he told her
….Reported Speech:
he told me that he hated me
he told her that he hated her brother
VERB TENSE CHANGES
REPORTED SENTENCES
• WE CAN REPORT:
– STATEMENTS
– QUESTIONS
– ORDERS/COMMANDS
– SUGGESTIONS
REPORTED STATEMENTS
Say: he said (that)…….
Reporting verbs she said to him (that)
Tell: he told her (that)…..
Other reporting she added / admitted / argued /
verbs claimed / complained (that)….
She assured/ convinced / informed
/ promised/ warned SOMEBODY
(that) …….
REPORTED QUESTIONS
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF QUESTIONS
(YES/NO and WH-QUESTIONS)
She asked if/whether Subject + Verb…..
(never use Auxiliaries do/does/did)
Examples: from Direct Speech…
“Do you live here?” he asked me
Yes/No
questions “Has she got any money?” she asked
“Are you leaving now?” he asked her
Examples: …to Reported Speech
He asked me IF/WHETHER I lived
there
Yes/No (no Auxiliary “do”)
questions She asked IF/WHETHER she had
some money
He asked her IF/WHETHER she was
leaving then
She asked WH- Subject + Verb ….
(never use Auxiliaries do/does/did)
Examples: from Direct Speech…
Wh-
“Where is my bag?”, he asked
questions “How much money have you got?”, she
asked me
“What are they doing tonight?”, she
asked
“Why did she leave?” he asked
Examples: ….to Reported Speech
Wh- He asked WHERE his bag was
questions She asked me HOW MUCH MONEY I had
She asked WHAT they were doing that night
He asked WHY she had left
REPORTED ORDERS
STRUCTURE She TOLD/ORDERED him (NOT) TO + ACTION (Infinitive)
OTHER REPORTING VERBS Advise / ask (pedir) / encourage / invite / order /
remind / persuade / warn …
Examples: from Direct Speech…
“Stop the car!”, the police officer ordered the
driver
“Be quiet!”, the teacher told the students
“Don’t move!”, the mugger warned his victim
Examples: …to Reported Speech
The police officer ORDERED the driver TO stop the car
The teacher TOLD the students TO be quiet
The mugger WARNED his victim NOT TO move
REPORTED SUGGESTIONS
STRUCTURE
He suggested VERB-ING…….
He suggested (THAT) SUBJECT + SUBJUNCTIVE
He suggested (THAT) SUBJECT + SHOULD + VERB
OTHER Recommend, propose
REPORTING
VERBS
Examples: from Direct Speech…
“Let’s go to the beach!”, she suggested
“Why don’t you apply for this job?” he suggested (to her)
“How about having a cup of coffee?” she suggested
Examples:….to Reported Speech
She suggested GOING to the cinema
She suggested (THAT) THEY GO to the cinema
She suggested / (THAT) THEY SHOULD GO to the cinema
He suggested APPLYING for the job
He suggested (THAT) SHE APPLY for the job (formal)
He suggested (THAT) SHE SHOULD APPLY for the job
She suggested HAVING a cup of coffee
She suggested (THAT) THEY HAVE a cup of coffee
She suggested (THAT) THEY SHOULD HAVE a cup of coffee
REPORTING VERBS + Preposition+
ACTION
To + Infinitive He agreed / offered / promised / refused
TO BUY her a drink
For + Verb-ing: She apologized FOR BEING so rude
About + Verb-ing: They complained ABOUT PLAYING the
game in such terrible weather
On + Verb-ing: He insisted ON CARRYING the bags
