UGANDA MUSLIM TEACHERS’

ASSOCIATION

UCE

MARKING GUIDE

FOR

JOINT MOCK EXAMINATIONS - 2022

1
(i)
 PREAMBLE

Uganda Muslim Teachers’ Association (UMTA) is a faith based professional, national

organization championing the cause for quality education. UMTA was formed to spearhead
innovative approaches to the delivery of quality education and welfare of teachers.

On behalf of the Board of Directors, Examination Committee and the Staff of UMTA, we
sincerely thank you for choosing UMTA Mocks and supporting us on the drive to prepare
our learners for the final examinations (UNEB)

Our goal for UMTA Joint Mock is to contribute to quality education in the country by
running the best Mock examination at affordable fees.

Unlike most mock examinations in the country, the UMTA Joint Mock is not just a routine
examination but we go extra miles to;

1. strength networking among teachers and all UMTA affiliated schools through joint
projects/activities;
2. set standard and regular Joint Mock Examinations aimed at enhancing cooperation
and improving academic performance of the learners;
3. build the capacity of teachers through the process of quality assessment as a
prerequisite for quality education.

The Scope of the UMTA Joint Mock Examinations covers the following levels;

1. Primary Leaving Examination (PLE)

2. Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE)
3. Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education. (UACE)

Please note that this booklet is just a component of what the learner will need during
revision of the 2022 UMTA Mock Examinations and should therefore be used in consultation
with the class notes, text books and subject teachers.

Wishing you the best in your academic endavours and looking forward to your continuous
support.

NAMIREMBE AJIRI
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

2
Table of Contents
PREAMBLE .............................................................................................................................. ii2
CRE 223/1..................................................................................................................................... 5
UCE CRE 224-1 ............................................................................................................................. 29
CRE 224-5 .................................................................................................................................... 44
IRE 225/1 .................................................................................................................................... 55
IRE 225 / 2 ................................................................................................................................... 74
ENGLISH 112/1 ............................................................................................................................ 89
ENGLISH 112/2 ............................................................................................................................ 91
241/1 HISTORY EAST AFRICA ...................................................................................................... 95
HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA 241/4 ............................................................................................ 113
WEST AFRICA 241/2 .................................................................................................................. 142
LITERATURE 208/1 .................................................................................................................... 159
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 845/1 ...................................................................................................... 177
ENTREPRENUERSHIP 845/2 ....................................................................................................... 188
COMMERCE 800/1 .................................................................................................................... 196
COMPUTER STUDIES 840 / 1 ..................................................................................................... 204
LUGANDA 335 / 1 ...................................................................................................................... 222
LUGANDA 335 / 1 ...................................................................................................................... 230
GEOGRAPHY 273/1 ................................................................................................................... 237
GEOGRAPHY 273-2 .................................................................................................................... 266
MATHEMATICS P1 456 / 1 ......................................................................................................... 295
MATHEMATICS 456 / 2.............................................................................................................. 311
CHEMISTRY 545/1 ..................................................................................................................... 329
CHEMISTRY 545 / 2 ................................................................................................................... 330
CHEMISTRY 545 / 3 ................................................................................................................... 340
CHEMISTRY 545 / 4 ................................................................................................................... 348
PHYSICS 535/ 1.......................................................................................................................... 354
PHYSICS 535 / 2 ......................................................................................................................... 360
PHYSICS 535 / 3 ......................................................................................................................... 375

3
(iii)
PHYSICS 535 / 4 ....................................................................................................................... 3842
BIOLOGY 553 / 1 ..................................................................................................................... 3918
BIOLOGY 553 / 3 ..................................................................................................................... 3916
BIOLOGY 553/2 ......................................................................................................................... 422

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 CRE 223/1
SECTION A

1a) How did traditional Africans prepare people for change to fit in their
communities

 Birth rites where performed by whereby after the birth rites of a child,
services were performed so as to seek for blessings for the baby as he
was encountered the challenges of change
 Child naming was a way of preparing for change in a society
 They were taught different roles according to their sex
 Education stories and myth were told to them so as to discourage
laziness, theft and other Immoral practices; for example the Baganda of
central Uganda have the ʺNjabala, Njabala" song which was sang to
discourage laziness
 Elders would advise the young ones on the challenges of change
 They were taken to different relatives at different stages of life for
training
 They were take to different relatives at different stages of life for training
 they were taken to private places and were mostly briefed about
marriage, for example in Baganda girls were to visit the "bushʺ by the
help of their aunties to prepare them into good women in their marriage
 African people were encouraged to make friends through blood pacts in
order to be firm during time of negative changes
 They were exposed to various initiation rituals that were performed for
example circumcision was done among the Bagishu in Eastern Uganda
as a step to adulthood
 The young ones were given different tasks or challenges in life for
example boys were to construct houses, girls to prepare meals. this
helped them to learn them effectively
 There was group work so as to impact cooperation and even avoid
individualism and selfishness
 Marriage ceremonies were made to celebrate and witness the change in
couple’s life. The Baganda called it Okwanjura when a girl introduced
her husband to the parents and members of the society
AT = 07, SH = 03

5
 b) Explain the changes which the New testament demands of the follower of
Jesus Christ

 The new testament demands Christians to love their parents as Jesus

did that’s he helped his parents in the domestic work
 It demands the youth to serve in the church just as Jesus did
 It demands Christians to change and be humble themselves just as
Jesus did. When he accepted to be baptized although he was not a
sinner
 It also requires Christians to be prayerful because Jesus himself used
to pray to his father
 It demands Christians to respect the rights of children and make
them understand the will of God
 He had concern; love and care for those in need and so Christians
should change their attitude and extend their compassion to the
needy
 The new testament demands the married people to keep their
relationship permanent instead of thinking of divorce
 It encourages Christians to change from worshipping many gods to
worship only one God
 It calls upon Christians to treat all people equally regardless of sex
and status because Jesus also gave them equal treatment during his
ministry
 The new testament encourages people to pay their taxes to those in
authority as Jesus one time during his life time
 It demands Christians to participate in charity through helping the
needy, strangers etc
 It demands Christians t preach the Good news inorde to expand the
church of Christ
 He taught his followers to forgive their enemies and avoid revenge
in order to go to Heaven
NT = 08, SH = 02

2a) Why do people loose interest in their jobs in Uganda Today?

 Due to discrimination at work

 Some look for greener pasture

6
  Some are exploited so they look for other jobs
 Some have misunderstandings with their bosses so they look for other
jobs
 Some have pressure from their colleagues so they abandon their work
e.g sexual harassment
 Some are advised by their parents to leave the work and look for
another one
 Witchcraft, some are bewitched and end u looking for other
 Poor conditions at work can make one abandon her job to look for
another one
 Over working does make some people to change their jobs
 Some work in places which are far from their families, so they look for
jobs near homes / families
 Working in war zones and areas with poor security make people leave
their jobs. Eg in Iraq, Somalia, Sudan etc
OS = 07, SH = 03

2(b) What Biblical teaching can help Christians have a positive attitude
towards their work?

 One needs to develop his / her talents matt 25:14 – 30

 One needs to develop values of work that is honestly, responsibility,
reliability etc
 Jesus calls every one to serve others through work
 In matt 25:31 -46, through work we can express our love for God and
neighbour
 We should always have hope in our work despite the difficulties, pain,
failure and discouragement that we may get in our work
 When working in a group, we should have solidarity and
interdependency
 One should do his / her work well and thoroughly
 One should try to share the fruits of their work with others
 Jesus advised peter to go fishing so as to pay his taxes
 In other words, he encouraged other people to be hard working
 Manual work should not be despised, Jesus did not despise any type of
Work. He portrays that all types of work was equally important
 God should be acknowledged high in our work
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 People should work to provide for their families
 There should be rest / leisure after work
 Man was created to work
 Good working conditions between employers and employees
 Due payment to the workers / Benefit from their labour
 Worker’s human right should be protected
 Man works for personal services
 Work is a service
 Work is a blessing
 God was a work
 Working for heavenly rewards
 Hope in the work
 Inter dependence in work

CT = 08, SH = 02

3a) Give the leisure activities enjoyed by Christians in the early days of the
church

 They took time to pray

 Celebrated the Lord’s supper – Eucharist
 Carried out charity work for example, they cared for widows,
orphans and the sick
 Drama acted in church bout Bible stories
 preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ
 reading the Holy scriptures meditating on the word of God
 visiting fellow Christians – encouraging one another in their
Christian faith
 singing praise to God
 celebrating feast days / church celebrations
 writing letters or scriptures to other churches
 holding fellowships
 performing miracles (healing the sick in their community)
 pilgrimages

CH = 08, SH = 02

8
b) Using your Bible Knowledge, suggest ways through which a friend can
spend his / her;

leisure time

 should go for prayers, like Jesus went to the Hills to pray.

 Should attend community celebrations/feast days for example the Jews
celebrated the pass over and Jesus attended the wedding in Cana
 Should visit friends and strengthen one’s relationship with them as
Jesus visited friends like Mary and Martha
 Should read the Bible or the holy scriptures just like Jesus went to
synagogue on the Sabbath and read from the scriptures
 Should welcome children and teach them the word of God, Jesus
welcomed the little children
 Resting and relaxing from work, Jesus also took time to rest in the boat
while travelling with his disciples
 Should go to church to worship, the Israelites observed the Sabbath and
Worshiped God. Should take time to go on holy pilgrimages like
Namugongo martyrs shrine, the Israelites went on pilgrimages to
Jerusalem
 Some help the needy, the sic, orphans (charity work), Jesus healed the
sick, raised the dead
 Should attend fellowship, the early Christians would gather in private
homes for fellowship
 Preaching the Gospel, as Jesus went about preaching the good news
 Celebrating the Holy communion, as Jesus celebrated his last supper
with his disciples
 Telling Bible stories, Jesus taught using parables
 Should develop his / her talents, for example singing, dancing, praise
songs / hymns like David composed the Psalms and dance in praise of
God before the Ark of the covenant
PS = 07, SH = 03

9
 SECTION B
4a) Explain the injustices committed during the recent presidential
elections in Uganda
 Mad slinging of candidates by fellow candidates during campaigns
 They were characterized by abuse of those on opposing sides
 They witnessed direct attacks of some supporters e.g the Ntungamo
confrontation of Amama Mbabazi by movement supporters
 They also witnessed some presidential aspirants telling lies to their
supporters
 Some candidates were denied access to their supporters by police like
Amama did not reach Kasese, Besigye stopped to visit hospitals
 Bribing of voters in form of giving them money, T – shirts, food etc
 Deliberate delays to deliver electrol material in some places
 Unnecessary arrests and detention of some people on opposition side of
the government
 They involved unequal allocation of air time on National television
where preferences was to the movement candidates to others from
different parties
 Inadequate funding of the opposition parties by the ruling party of
NRM
 Some candidates had better means of transport like choppers and thus
could go to different places in a day whole others basically used Road
transport which dragged their movements e.g Basigye stuck in mad in
Kanungu
 Using of foreign campaigners like Ruto the vice president of Kenya for
Museveni while others had non to help them
 Anger from one candidate towards others

PA = 07, SH = 03

4b) what Biblical teaching can help Christians in U ganda to deal with the
above mentioned injustices?

 Where there is mad slinging among candidates there should be good

relationship among those campaigning in order to have justice in
society

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  Where there mistreatment of supporters by one camp, politicians
should promote equal treatment of all people because all people one
equal before God
 They should be obedient to God’s law this can reduce the injustices
of bribes in campaigns
 There should be love and respect of all human beings, this helps to
minimize the injustice of torturing people on the opposition
 There is need for Christians to put God a head of their activities for
he is the source of justice and this helps to control people’s anger in
campaigns
 There should be fair treatment to all sides and this can reduce the
problem of biased security agents like police
 According to the New Testament justice means love for other and
this can reduce the injustices of beating of people during campaigns
in Uganda
 The new testament calls for reconciliation of the conflicting members
this can reduce the rivary between Kiiza Besigye and Museveni
camps in the country
 There should be love for God and fellow man as this can help reduce
the injustice of telling lies by most politicians to their voters
 There is need to share what is there and this can help politicians
share resources equally
 Justice means tolerance of one another and thus politicians should
use this teaching to reduce unnecessary arrests and beating of
people

BT = 07, SH = 02

5a) Explain how the unprivileged in traditional African society were

helped to fit in society.

 All women were expected to marry and be protected by their

husbands
 The extended families cared for the homeless orphans
 The passers’ by were allowed to eat enough as long as they did not
carry remainders eg among the Baganda there is a proverb that

11
 brotherhood is tighted when you share a meal and if one went
under an empty stomach, he / she may not come back
 It was a mutual society hence caring for every one
 Social harmony led to accommodation of every one at harvest or any
ceremony
 Chiefs and elders acted the role of judicial and reconciliation functions
 They avoided revenge and promoted compensation while reconciling
the conflicting parties
 Widows were given special positions and roles e.g among are the
Baganda of central Uganda
 Some women special positions and roles e.g thje Luo and other
communities like the Baganda, elderly normally acted as counselors via
sexual matters, naming of children etc
 The uncircumcised so as to fit in society e.g among the Bagishu one who
wasn’t circurmcised would be forced to so he can fit in society
 Captives of war were integrated into the new society
 Barrenness was updated through polygamy
 Impotent men were helped by their biological brothers to raise children

b) How does the church help the unprivileged fit in society

 The church accommodates every body irrespective of social class,

tribe and sex
 The church has set up projects that cater for the crippled, blind
where they can express the or talents in different work shops
 The church through organisation such Y.M.C.A has uplifted the
status of women
 Children are given freedom to express themselves in Sunday
schools
 Orphans and abandoned children have been built orphanage
homes so as to carter for them e.g Sanyu babies home in mango,
Nalukolongo home of the elderly
 Some street children have been settled by Christians organizations
 The church has sponsored orphans in the field of education
 The poor have sponsored at higher levels of education through
church agencies like Kulika charitable trust under catholic church,
ADRA – Adventists etc
12
  Widows have been financially uplifted by giving cows through
organization like ʺsend a cow"
 The church has promoted gender equality by settling up "girl
centered schoolʺ like Namagunga girls school

6a) With examples how traditional Africans expressed loyalty to their

ancestral spirits

 Ancestral spirits were consulted incase of illness in society

 The Bemba used to whisper to their spirits to intercede for them
 New born babies among Africans were named after ancestral spirits
 The Baganda made libation to these spirits as a sign of showing
appreciation to their spirirts
 Spirits are housed by giving them special houses shrines for them to
sleep
 Spirits were served meat after a successful hunt Ddungu among the
Baganda
 Certain objects like stones, trees etc are dedication to African spirits
like Nakayima tree in Mubende
 Spirits were dedicated by giving them sacrifices as one way of
recognizing their role in society
 Africans dedicated their children to some of their spirits like Gajn
cow among the Bahima

AT = 05, SH = 05

6b) How did Israelites show loyalty to God in Old Testament?

The Israelites showed their loyalty to God in the following ways

 The Israelites showed their loyalty to God’s command by taking up

circumcision which was given to their ancestral Abraham
 By accepting the regulation of the Passover celebration which was to be
celebrated every year
 By following the Decalogue (Ten commandments) as they were given to
them by God at Mt. Sinai
 Through building a temple for their God built by King Solomon

13
  They showed their loyalty to God by upholding monotheism i.e
worshiping only one God instead of worshiping other gods
 By observing the Sabbath as a day of resting and worshiping their God.
They were not to do any piece of Work on that day
 They offered sacrifices to God. For example Solomon made sacrifices as
he was dedicating the temple of Jerusalem and Mt. Sinai
 It was through respecting religious days such as day of Atonement,
Passover day etc
 Through repenting for their sins; for example king David repented for
his sin of adultery with Bathsheba and murdering Uriah her husband
 They showed their loyalty by building alters from where they met and
sacrificed to their God.
OT = 08, SH = 02

7a)Explain why some people are unhappy in Uganda today?

 Some people in Uganda are not happy because of the following Reasons;
 Some policemen – poor living conditions
 Some teachers – low salaries
 Students who fail exams
 Married couples divorce
 Lovers cheating
 Religious leaders religious insanity
 Politicians loosing their electrons
 Orphans loosing their parents
 The retired failing to access their benefits
 Tenants high rent demanded by their land lords
 Families due to domestic violence
 Presence of incurable diseases like Aids, cancer, etc which lead to loss of
lives
 Poverty thus failure to meet the basic needs
 Death of parents which results into suffering of Orphans
 High levels of illiteracy thus inability to get a formal job
 High levels of unemployment in the country, thus making young go
without jobs

14
  Opposition from political opponents which results into demonstrations
and later loss of lives
 Adultery and fornication which result into acquiring of sexuality
transmitted diseased
 Smoking that result into lung cancer
 Loss of elections by some candidates which result in frustrations for such
people
 Disrespect of a partner which result into separation
 Cultural rigidities thus subjection of women / sabin to genital mutilation
that reduces women’s sexual desires
PS = 07, SH = 03

7b) What Biblical teachings can help them find true Happiness?

 There should be obedience of God’s law like Decalogue in order to have

true happiness
 Need to worship only one God as God required his people of Israel
 The need to follow God’s chosen messages like prophets would make
Christians have happiness
 Need to love one another as members of God’s family
 There is need for repentance
 Forgiving enemies
 Providing charitable works
 Being born again
 Loving in communion of God and follow man
 Loving neighbour and God
 Obeying the 10 commandments
 Believing in Jesus’ resurrection
 Living a sacrificial life
 Through hard work
BT = 08, SH = 02

b) Give the,

(a) similarities

15
 (b) Differences between the Christians and traditional Africans
beliefs about life after death similarities;

 Both believe that death is a point when the spirit separates from the
body
 Both have a brief that death is not the end human life life continues even
after death
 Both Christians and African tradition believes in the Invisible universe
or the World of the dead / spirits
 They both believe that life after death depends on the way one conducts
himself in the dead / spirits
 They both honor and while praying they mention names of the saints
and martyrs e.g St. Paul pray for us, whole traditionalists call names of
the departed ancestors
 Both make offerings or gifts to ancestral to show their loyalty. Christians
collect gifts in memorial services while traditionalists give food and
drinks
 In both the dead are remembered by giving their names to newly born
children
 Both Africans and Christians offer prayers for the dead in hope securing
for them a good unending life
 They both build shrines for the ancestrals e.g the shrine in people’s
homes just like the Christian shrine at Namugogo for the Martyrs
 Both have a belief that the departed play a mediatory role of the living.
Catholics for example pray through Holy mother Mary Judah etc and
traditionalists use spirits of ancestors
 They both venerate or respect the ancestors by acts of worship, giving
sacrifices and construction of shrines
PS / AT = 08, SH = 02

b) Differences

 In African traditional society, Africans would be buried with some of

their property like food, beer, spears etc. while Christians believe that
new life starts after earthy life
 People in Traditional African society believed that when one died, his
spirits lingered around them but Christians go to heaven or hell

16
  Christians believe that the faithful who died have their names recorded
in heaven unlike Africans (Rev 21:27)
 Africans believe that the spirits of the dead are guided by the moral
standard s of the living but Christians believe that spirits are guided by
the Holy spirit
 To the Africans the spirits of the dead would appear to some close
relatives for special instructions, but chriatians believe the dead’s spirit
disappears for good
 While Africans believed in re – incarnation where the dead one re –borne
in the children through physical characteristics, Christians however,
believe that one dies forever
 Christians only says the dead can act as their mediators to reach God
 The idea of Hell or Heaven is missing in the African context, however to
Christians it’s more pronounced
 Christians believe in sacraments like baptism and Holy communion in
order to attain eternal life but Africans believe in one’s traditional
customs
 While Christians believe in judgment day, Africans on the other hand
believe that one was judged by traditional customs
CT = 05
AT = 05

8a) what do people in traditional African society perceive as success?

 Success in African traditional society is understood when one was in

good terms with the ancestors because he believed such spirits blessed
him
 Faithfulness to the, observance of traditional / values, norms and
customs, was considered a source of success for example good
behaviours, circumcision
 Having much wealth in African Tradition was a sign of success since it
brought admiration of others
 A man who was most respected in a society due to high reputation was
regarded as successful
 Performing a heroic action in the African society, reflected success
 Having many wives was another aspect which reflected success. This is
because it would be an assurance for production of children
17
 Many children assured success. The more children one had, the more
prestige one held
 In African tradition leisure time was another sign of success. This could
bring successful agricultural yields
 Success was also attributed to a family which made a good harvest of
food. This ensured fod security which made a good harvest of food. This
ensured food security to family members un times of famine
 Honoring blood pacts / bond would lead to the success of an individual
or a family
 This was because it introduced peace, love and unity among those
involved
 Success meant being able to share with others for example Africans
would share agricultural crops like Yams, bananas or beers
 Among Africans success meant undergoing Initiation rituals or stage like
circumcision among the Bagishu, body tattooing among Lugbara and
visiting the bush among the Baganda

AT = 08, SH = 02

9b) Explain the success Jesus won for those who believe in Him

 Jesus’ death and resurrection made his followers to attain salvation in

life hence success
 Those who accepted his gospel became children of God’s family and
that means success on their side
 Through Jesus’ death and resurrection, Jesus’ followers have victory
over death and a hope of resurrection as Jesus did
 Jesus has given power to his followers to withstand persecutions thus
attaining success
 Believers in Jesus have been given power to resist temptations from
the devil
 Through forgiveness of sinners, they have been reconciled with God
 Jesus taught his followers the aspect of sharing with one another
 He has helped them to develop love for one another and for their
God
NT = 09, SH = 01
SECTION D
18
10a) State the problems which are faced by families today

 In many families there is unfaithfulness among the married through acts

of adultery
 In some families we encounter the problem of barrenness which cause a
lot of discontent among the married and disrespect from relatives
 Some families encounter the problem of women emancipation in which
women seek equality with men and thus have neglected some of their
basic duties in the home
 There is the problem of poverty in many families caused by
unemployment and retrenchment
 HIV /AIDS and other dangerous diseases especially cancer are causing
a lot of stigma
 Some parents lack time to be with their families because of the nature of
unemployment for instance those people working in media houses and
parliament
 Many families suffer the problem of alcoholism that has made some
men neglect their obligations in the families
 Some families encounter the problem of domestic violence where
women are mistreated by their husbands which sometimes can result
into death
 There is a problem of indisciplined children due to the problem
permissiveness
 There is a problem of influence of the western culture in practices like
homosexuality
 Poor housing facilities which make it difficult for married people to
enjoy privacy at home and this sometimes makes women divorce their
husbands
 Polygamous marriages don’t often have happiness because of too much
quarrel, suspicion and hatred manifested in such families
 Incompatibility of religion especially between a man and wife, once
they fail to agree on the principle of religion divorce becomes inevitable
in that situation
 Too much wealth in a family can also be a problem to the members of
that family. In most cases, rich men rarely settle down with one wife, he

19
 will be forced to get second one, third and eventually this cause the
family problems like AIDS.
 Barrenness / impotence of the partners which can bring about
separation and finally divorce
 Presence of mobile phones has also destabilized many homes while
couples have separated because of mobile phones
 Drunkenness in either partners also works against stability of families
more so if it ,makes one dodge his obligations at home

PS = 08, SH = 02

10b) How can the Bible help to solve the above problems?

 By following the Old Testament teaching in Genesis that marriage is

permanent, this can help to reduce the problem of divorce
 If the married can respect each other as emphasized in Old Testament,
this helps to fight the issue of domestic violence in homes
 If married can learn to be to tenant as Hosea was with his wife Gomer,
this can reduce the problem of caused by barrenness
 The book of Genesis stresses the importance of Work which if followed
can help fight poverty
 The old testament teaches that the married should complement each
other which can help to reduce the problem of unfaithfulness
 Jesus in the New Testament condemns adultery which helps the married
to be faithful
 Paul’s teaching or call in Ephesians for children to be obedient to their
parents can help o fight the problem of indiscipline in families
 The new testament stress on marriage between a man and a woman can
help to fight homosexuality in families
 The new testament teaching that the married should love one another
can help to fight most of the problems in the families
 The problem of diseases can be solved by the New Testament teaching
that the married should love one another in sickness

BT = 07, SH = 0M

11a) What sexual inequalities exited in Africa traditional societies?

20
  Women were not allowed to participate in political affairs of their
communities
 Women were considered inferior to the men and were considered
property of the man
 They were considered just as sex objects to appease men’s sexual
urge
 The child produced by the women belonged to the man’s clan
 They were denied certain delicacies for example in Buganda Women
were not allowed to eat eggs
 Women’s ideas in the family, the husband was the head and his word
was final
 In some societies the women were considered source of bad omen
 A woman caught in an act of adultery was punished but by not by
the man
 The gift that were brought for bride were mainly taken by the man

AT = 08, SH = 02

11b) Show how Jesus in the new testament expressed the equality between man
and women

 Jesus had women friends for example Mary and Martha

 He forgave the sins of the adulterous woman
 Though God was born of a woman that is Mary
 Jesus preached the Good news to both men and women
 The salvation Jesus Christ brought is for both man and woman
 He died for both men and women to win them eternal life
 The miracles Jesus performed were both men and women
 He allowed a woman to anoint the at the Bethany
 At the cross he was comforted by both men women
 After his resurrection Jesus appeared to both men and women

NT = 08, SH = 02

12a) Explain why some youth today fear church weddings?

 They claim church weddings are expensive

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 Church weddings call for monogamous marriage which the youth
are not ready for
 Those married in church wedding, divorce is not easy they claim
 Church wedding call for too many things for example no polygamy
 That before church wedding, one has to repent his sins e.g among the
Catholics
 Church wedding call for unconditional love one has to his wife /
husband irrespectively
 Most church marriages are made expensive for the ordinary people
to afford them for example it requires drinks, suits, sodas, transport
etc
 Some African Christians have considered church marriages as a
copying of European culture than the Christian faith itself. So they
reject it as another white man’s influence on Africans
 Some men fear to committee themselves to church marriages because
it limits them from monogamy, yet they wish to have more than one
wife
 Some people don’t want to get committed to permanent relationships
with some one who fertility they have not proved
 As people attain high education and more wealth, they stop
considering religious beliefs, therefore they reject the church
marriage
 Church marriage is rejected by some people because it undermines
other forms of marriage like civil and customer marriages
 Some parents refuse their children to marry in the church not until
bride wealth has been paid
 Church marriage offers not automatic guarantee for happy marriage
to the partners involved. One partner may be harsh , hostile, not
respecting in-laws hence leading to regret
 Some people simply fear church marriages because they are shy and
cannot face a big congregation

PS = 07, SH = 03

b) What can Christians today learn from the New Testament teaching
about marriage?

22
  They learn to embrace monogamous marriage
 They learn to be faithful in their marriage relationship
 The children learn to be obedient to their parents
 Parents learn to bring up well children
 They learn to love their children
 They learn to be prayerful in order for their marriage to be
peaceful
 Married Christians should be respectful for another
 Christians learn to embrace marriage because it’s a gift from God
 They learn to always trust in God in their marriage relationship
 Christians learn to tolerant of each other in marriage
 They learn to embrace marriage between a man and a woman
CT = 08, SH = 02

SECTION E

13a) Ho did people in traditional African society show their belief in God?

 Africans believed in God as the creator and sustainer of life in the

universe, hence the Baganda called him ʺLugaba" meaning sustainer of
man in everything they needed including life
 They would confess and sometimes swear in the names of their
respective gods
 Africans would dedicate their children, houses and families to their
respective gods
 Africans would dedicate their children, houses and families to their
respective gods
 Africans used to offer sacrifices to their gods and ancestral spirits, for
example among the Baganda barren women would sacrifice and pray to
fertility god called Mukasa to bless them with children
 Africans believed that the supreme God gave part of his powers to
minor spirits and gods for example god of rain, harvest, birth etc
 It was done by setting sides places which were regarded as homes of the
spirits like forest, mountains, rocks an river banks
 They set aside sacred or godly objects which were believed to

23
 To be attached to spiritual importance for example herbs, bones, stories,
roots, spears and drums for example the popular tree called Nakayima
in Mubende is regularly given sacrifices by people

 Africans would respect their religious leaders who used to guide them
towards religious knowledge and seeking of God. These included
medicine men, diviners and rain makers
 Africans would give thanks to their gods whenever there was an
achievement or something good attend like winning a war, good harvest
e.g thanks to "Dunguʺ diety of hunters.
 It was done to call upon God to punish immoral people or wrong doers
in society
 It was done by asking for blessings from their God. Thus would take the
form of wealth like cattle sheep goats, fertile land etc
 Africans believed in the powers of God and his manifested itself inform
of lightening, dreams and visions
 Africans used to construct holy structure called ʺshrines" for their gods
in those shrines
 Africans used to respond positively to their traditional beliefs as one
way of showing their belief in God, these beliefs included tattoos, myths,
legends and customs

AT = 07, SH = 03

13b) What is the importance of baptism to Christians?

 It means being born as a child of God

 Baptism is an assurance of the future resurrection of all Christ’s
followers
 Through Baptism Christians are united and identified themselves as
Christ’s church
 It is a condition to receive other sacraments like the Lord’s supper,
Holy matrimony etc
 It is a sign of obedience to Jesus’ command to his disciples to baptize
in his name
 It prepares believers to endure persecution since they have the power
of the Holy spirits

24
  It signifies the fulfillment of the Old testament scriptures about Noah
and the floods when the when the Israelites crossed the Red sea
 It identifies one as a follower of Jesus Christ. There fore one becomes
a Christian through baptism and having faith in the risen Christ
 Baptism is meant for repentance of sins. Thus baptism makes one
fresh after forsaking all his sins
 It is a sign of complete change to have good morals and line
righteously
 Baptism signifies God’s grace for men since after baptism one
believes that he has received salvation
 Accepting baptism is a witness to the trinity. One is baptized in the
name of the father, son and holy spirit
 It helps Christians to receive the holy spirit from God
 It means turning away from the original sin of Adam and Eva to
receive a new life

CT = 08, SH = 02

14a) Give reasons why people tend to create their own gods

 Many people today create own gods because of the following reasons
 It’s because God the Almighty sometimes is slower when he is
answering people’s plight
 It’s because people want a god they can see physically
 The delayed pareusia also forces people top look for their own gods
 Lack of role models in the church also compels people to look for
alternative gods
 Presence of permissiveness in Uganda society
 Decline in religious convictions among Ugandans
 Declining outreach activities from religious leaders
 Out right disobedience of most people today
 Greed for money and wealth forces people to make their own gods can
provide for them
 Intermarriages between Christians and none Christians
 Rigidity of religious laws

Ps = 07, sh = 03

25
14b) Explain how the Israelites evaded God in Old Testament

 The Israelites evaded God when they worshipped idols and forgot the
convent they made with Him at Mt. Sinai (Exodus 32)
 The Israelites evaded God by offering to him poor sacrifices on their
alters. This was bad because they had to present genuine sacrifices
 They also evaded God by demanding for the earthly King. This shows
that they had abandoned God as their King (1 Samuel 8)
 They also evaded God when they married foreign women as soon they
reached the promised land. This greatly annoyed their God
 The Israelites evaded God when they put much emphasis on following
the law, and giving sacrifices instead of loving their brothers and Sisters
 King Saul evaded God by disobeying his instructions in the war
between Israel and an enemy country Amalek. King Saul did not kill all
the people as he was required by God and also spare the enemy king
"Agagʺ
 Some people lost love from their country men especially the rich
towards the poor
 They evaded God by worshiping God alongside other gods
 Some kings like Solomon, Ahab etc were unrepentant even when they
were aware of their evils
 David evaded God by killing an innocent man Uriah and there after he
took away his wife Bathsheba
 king Solomon evaded God when he introduced forced labour in Israel
and forced God’s people to worship the pagan gods
 David evade God by committing adultery with Basheba the wife of
Uriah
 While king Ahab evaded his God by marrying a pagan woman Jezebel
and also killed a poor man Naboth for failure to sale to him his vine yard

OT = 08, SH =02

15a) In what ways are Christians working together irrespective of their

denominations

Differences to make their world a better place?

26
  All Christians are one member of the Uganda joint Christian council
aimed at improving life of Christians and ensure co-existence of all
belifs
 They jointly monitor election process in the cpuntry under UJCC
 Christians still meet in joint prayers especially during the way of the
cross, end of year etc
 They belong to different political parties much as they come from
different denominations
 All participate in national programs like national census elections,
immunization etc
 All Christians are involved in state programs like education and
poverty elevation in the country
 Jointly own the institutions like Banks, schools and farms
 All Christians from different beliefs are part of the armed forces of
the country ensure peace and stability in Uganda
 They are all useful in national teams – football, net ball etc
 They go to the similar schools where same curriculum is imparted
onto them
 All Christians are employed by the state regardless of their
denominations
PS = 08, SH = 02

15b) what problems do they face in trying to work together?

 Lack of team work

 Favoritism may be witnessed in such situations
 Such people are likely to have cliques thus destroying solidarity
 Coordination is likely to be based on religious thus destroying efficiency
of workers
 Problem of having joint prayers
 Problem of promotion may affect leaders where such people are
 Problem of appointing such people to positions of responsibility in the
country like commissioners, Directors, ps, ministers etc
 Sharing fruits of work may not be possible where workers come from
different denominations
 Difficult in pooling resources together thus retarding their development

27
 Some people are likely to drop their jobs prematurely because of the
feeling that they are side lined or hated by members of other beliefs
 Inconveniencing in practicing their religious practices
 In the long run it may lead to neglect of prayers
 False judgment against each other
 Self-praise due to the pretense of claiming to be too much faithful
PS = 08, SH = 02

28
 UCE CRE 224-1

1(a) What do Africans believe about spirits?

Solutions

 They behave that God is a spirit

 Disunities and living dead are part of spiritual world
 They believe that spirits are/were continually present
 They turned to the spiritual beings in time of need
 They behave that spirits have the human characteristics
 They greatly fear and respect the spirits
 They behave that spirits exist in hierarchy i.e. God on the top
 They believe that spirits can possess human being
 They believe in good and bad spirits (good and evil)
 They believe that spirits occupy the invisible part of the world
 They also believe that there natural spirits (directly created by
God)
 The spirits of those who died long ago called ancestral
spirits/ghosts
 They also believe in human spirits i.e. these were once human
beings but graduated to the spiritual world of God
 Spirits are said to be immortal since they were fully alive not
dead
 Spirits deliver people’s requests to God
 Spirits ensure social justice as they punish those who go against
the jowal order i.e. criminals.
(b)Explain why there is a decline in belief about spirits

Solns

 Role of formal education

 Coming of Christianity and its teachings about spirits
 Some people behave that once you die, they die completely

29
  Decline in African traditional culture
 Role of science and technology
 Some people think its satanic to believe in spirits
 False presence of being possessed by spirits by some people
 Spirits bring about suffering to people
 Permissiveness in the society
 Negative words about spirits by the public
 Some spirits are too demanding which becomes expensive
2(a) Give evidence to show that Africans know God

Solns

 By sacrificing to Him
 Building places of worship to God eg A masabo among the
Baganda
 Naming children names of God
 By worshiping God
 By carrying out works of charity
 By singing and praising
 By obeying God’s commands
 By taking care of his creations
 By expanding the clans(pro-creation)
 By believing in life after death
 By respecting contain places which were regarded as sacred
 By consulting and behaving in the spirits
(b)Why is there a need for a Christian to observe the Sabbath

Soln.

 Because man has to rest and relax

 To raise God
 To enable man thank God for the good things done
 To remember God resting after creating the world
 To renew their convenant with God

30
  To pray to God
 Need to repent one’s sins during Sabbath
 Need to fulfill God’s command
 To fellowship with others
 Need to do good things to others
 To enjoy the fruits of his sweat

4(a) Give reasons that made the Jewish leaders reject Jesus

Solns

 They reject Jesus because he was a carpenter

 Because he came from a humble background
 B’se he grew up from Nazareth which was a despised town
 It was a divine plan for Jesus to be rejected by his own people
 B’se they knew him as the son of many and Joseph
 They thought that Jesus was mining cheap popularity through
his ministry
 He was rejected to fulfill the old testament scriptures in palms
118:22 and Isaiah 8:14-15
 They expected a messiah to come from a prosperous family
 Lack of faith /lack of understanding about Jesus made the Jesus
,leaders reflect Jesus
 They were questioning where he got his wisdom from
 His cleansing of the Jerusalem Temple made them reject Jesus
 Because he was endowed with powers to do extra-ordinary
things like miracles that were strange
 Because he was endowed with powers to do extra-ordinary
things like miracles that were strange
 Because he performed miracles on Sabbath day
 He associated with the despised people like the Gentiles
(b)How do people reject Jesus today

Soln
31
  By engaging in witchcraft instead of trusting in God
 Some are blasphemous(Abuse God)
 Some Christians are hypocrites. They pretend to be holy yet
they are perpetual sinners
 Some engage in idolatry
 Some have become materialistic that they forsaken God in
favour of riches
 Some have engaged in theft to try to fix their own problems,
thereby abandoning God
 Some have failed to go to church on Sunday ,hence
abandoning God
 Some do not pray
 Some do not fast even during the lent period
5(a)Describe the content of solution the Baptists’ preaching

Soln

 It was in the 1st year of the rule of emperor Tiberins

 Pentins Pilate was the governor of Judea
 Herod was the ruler of Galilee
 The word of God came to john son of Zachariah in the desert
 So he went through out the entire territory of the R.Jordan
preaching
 Turn away from your sins and be baptized and God will forgive
you
 As it was written in the book of Isaiah
 Some one is shouting in the desert that
 Get the road ready for the lord
 Make a straight path for him to travel
 Every valley must be filled up, every hill and mountain leveled
off and all the rough path be made smoth
 The whole man kind will see God’s salvation
 Crowds came to him to be baptized by him

32
  He called them snakes and wondered who deceived them that
they could escape the punishment that God was about to send
 Do those things that show that you have turned away from your
sins
 Stop being proud just because Abraham is your ancestor(father)
 For God can even take stones and out of them make descendants
of Abraham
 The Axe will cut down every tree that does not bear good fruits
and thrown it in fire
 The people asked him ”what are we to do then?
 He told whoever had two spirits to give one to the man who had
none and the one with food to share it.
 He told tax collectors not to collect more than what was legal
 He instructed soldiers not to take money from any one by force
or to make false accusation
 His teaching raising people’s heper and they began to think that
he was perhaps the expected messiah
 He explained that he was not the messiah but the fore runner of
the messiah
 That he baptized them with water but the messiah would
baptize them with fire and H.S
 John said that, the one coming was greater than him for he was
not even good enough to untie his sandals
 He condemned herod the governor because he had married
Herodias the wife of his brother and had done many other evil
things
 Then herod did an even worse things by putting John in prison
(b)Explain the role of John the Baptist

 JB is presented as a fore runner of Jesus

 JB laid a foundation for the work of Jesus
 He made a prophet announcement about Jesus by predicting his
imitate coming of the world

33
 He preached a message of Baptism of all mankind as a condition
of receiving Jesus as the messiah
 He baptized all categories of people
 He demanded people to return to total obedience towards God
as a sign of holiness
 He announced the readiness of God to forgive man’s Sins
 He preached the message of repentance
 He physically baptized Jesus in R. Jordan
 He showed the superiority of Jesus over him
 JB’S baptism was preparing people for the coming of the baptism
of the holy spirit
6(a) Relate the story of the announcement of the birth of Jesus
Christ

Soln
 In the 6th month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy
 God sent the Angel Gabriel to a town in Galitee named Nazareth
 The angel had a message for a young woman who had been
promised in marriage to a man named Joseph ,a descendant of
king David
 The young woman was a virgin and her name was Mary
 The Angel said to her” Peace be with you’ the lord is with you
and has greatly blessed you”
 Mary was deeply troubled by the words of the angel and kept
wondering what they meant
 The Angel Gabriel said to her “Do not be afraid .Mary God has
been gracious to you”
 You will become pregnant and give birth to a son and you will
name him Jesus
 He will be great and will be called the son of the most High God
 God will make him king just as his Ancestor David had been
 He will be king and shall rule over the descendants of Jacob
forever his kingdom will never end
 Many said to the Angel” I am a virgin ,how then can this be”
34
  But the Angel said” the holy spirit will come upon you and
God’s power will rest upon you
 For this reason. the son to be born will be called the son of God
 The Angel told many that, there is nothing that God cannot do
 That even her relative Elizabeth was six months pregnant despite
her old age
 Many finally accepted the words to the Angel Gabriel when
said” I am the Lord’s Servant, let it happen to me as you said”
 After all this, the Angel Gabriel left her.
6(b) How are babies welcomed today?

Soln

 By taking them to hospitals for immunization

 By giving them names
 By administering special herbs to avert away demons
 By informing family members about the annual of a new
member
 Some carry out celebrations in form of feasting
 Some take them to religious leaders for blessings
 Some perform rituals (circumcision)
 Some baptize them immediately
 Some sound special bells for the new born bodies e.g 1 bel for the
girl and two bells for the boys child
 They organize special prayers to welcome the new family
members
 The mother together with the newly born child under go
purification ceremony
7(a) Narrate Jesus’ temptation as in LK 4:1-13

soln

 Jesus returned from Jordan full of the holy spirit who led him
into the desert where he was tempted by the devil for forty days

35
  In all that time, he ate nothing so that he was hungry when it
was over
 The devil said to him” if you are a son of God, order this stone to
turn into bread
 But Jesus said. ”The sculpture says, human beings cannot live on
bread alone
 Then the devil took him up and showed him in a second all the
kingdoms of the world.I will give you all this power and all this
wealth
 The devil told him that ,all of it has been handed over to me and
I can give it to any one I choose
 At this will be yours then if you worship me
 Jesus answered” The scripture says ,worship the Lord your God
and serve only him
 The the devil took Jesus to Jerusalem and set him on the highest
point of the temple and said to him;
 If you are God’s son, throw yourself down from here
 For scriptures says, God will order his angels to take good
care of you
 It also says, they will hold you up with their hands so that
not even your feet will be hurt on the stones
 But Jesus answered,” The scripture says, do not put the
lord your God to test”
 When the devil finished tempting Jesus in every way ,he
left him for a while

(b)What lessons do Christians learn from Jesus’ temptations

Solns

 They should seek God’s guidance upon them in all situations

 Should always fast and pray
 Should pray for God’s protection against the devil and his plans
 Should be contented with what they have like Jesus was

36
  Should worship God alone
 Should respect God and not put him to test
 Should observe the commands of God
 Should resist the devil
 Should accept Jesus as their personal lord and savior
 Should always be humble
 Should make reference to the scripture always as Jesus did
during his encounter with the devil
 Should always sacrifice for the sake of ministry the way Jesus
did
8(a) Describe the parable of the Prodigal Son.LK:15:11-32

Soln

 Jesus went on to say

 There was once a man who had two sons
 The younger one said to him”father give me my share of the
property now”
 So the man divided his property between the two sons.
 After few days,the younger son sold his pent of the property and
left home with the money
 He went to a country far away where he wasted his money in
reckless living –he spent every thing he had
 Then a severe famine spread over the country and he was
without a thing
 So he went to work for one of the citizen of that country who
sent him out to his farm to take care of the pigs
 He wished he could eat the bean pods that the pigs ate but no
one gave him anything to eat
 At last, he came to his senses and said.” All my father’s workers
have more than they can eat and here l am about to starve
 I will get up and go to my father and say father, ”I have sinned
against God and against you”

37
  I am no longer fit to be called your son, treat me as one of your
hired worker
 So he got up and started back to his father
 He was still along way from home when his father saw him
 “father”, the son said ,”I have sinned against God and against
you; am no longer fit to be your son”
 But the father called his servants “hurry, bring the best robe and
put on him, put a ring on his finger and shoes in his feet
 Then go and get the prize calf and kill it and let us celebrate wih
a feast
 For this son of mine was dead but now he is alive,he was lost but
now he is found and so the feasting began
 In mean time, the elder son was out in the field but on his way
back when he came cloe to the house ,he found music and the
dancing
 So he called one of the servants and asked what was going on
 Your brother came back home and your father has killed the
prize calf because he got him back safe and sound
 The elder brother was so angry and he would not go into the
house
 So the father came out and begged him to come in
 But he answered his father,” look ,all these years I have worked
for you like a slave
 And I have never disobeyed your orders, what have you given
me? Not even a goat for me to have a feast with my friends
 But this son of yours wasted your property on prostitutes and
when he came back home ,you killed the prize calf for him
 The father answered, My son you are always here with me and
everything I have Is yours
 But we had to celebrate and be happy because your brother was
dead but now he is alive, he was lost but now he has been found
(b)What is the significance of the above parable?

Soln
38
  The lost son refers to any sinner
 Signified that Jesus is ready to forgive all sins e.g. small or big
 Signified the messianic secrecy of Jesus i.e. the father in question
is Jesus Christ
 Showed that spiritual wealth is more important than material
wealth in order to inherit eternal life
 Signified that Jesus had come for all who were in spiritual
darkness
 Signified that ,there is joy in heaven when one sinner repents
 Signified that Jesus wanted his listeners to think for themselves
about the meaning of the parable
 The parable was challenging the phansees and scribes because of
their hypocrisy and spiritual blindness
 Showed that the ministry of Jesus was universal ie for both
sinners and righteous.
9(a) Narrate the story of Jesus meeting with Zacchaeus (LK 19:1-10)

soln

 Jesus entered Jericho and was heading to Jerusalem

 There was a chief tax collector there named Zacchaeus who was
rich
 He was trying to see who Jesus was
 But he was a little man and could not see Jesus because of the
crowd
 So he ran ahead of the crowd and climbed a sycamore tree to see
Jesus who was about to pass that way
 When Jesus came to that place, he looked up and said to
Zacchaeus
 Hurry down ,Zacchaeus because this very day I must eat in your
house
 Zacchaeus hurried down and welcomed him with great joy
 All people who saw it started grumbling
 This man has gone as a guest to the home of a sinner

39
  Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord
 Listen sir ,I will give half of y belongings to the poor
 And if I have cheated anyone, I will pay back four times as much
 Jesus said to him,” Salvation has come to this house today, for
this man also is a descendant of Abraham
 The son of man came to seek and to save the lost
(b)How do Christians celebrate the pass over today?

Soln

 The Catholics regularly carry out the lord’s supper every time
they meet for worship when they are led by a priest
 The protestants carry out the lord’s supper on big Christian days
like Christians ,good Friday, and Easter Sunday
 It involves breaking bread which symbolizes the body of Jesus
Christ
 It involves drinking wine which symbolizes the blood of Jesus
Christ
 The Catholics use the method of dipping a piece of bread into a
cup of wine and then eat
 The born again first eat the bread and drink wine in small glasses
 Christians are required to first examine themselves taking part in
the lord’s supper
 The lord’s supper celebrations is led by a clergy in all Christian
churches
 The clergy reads the New Testament scriptures concerning the
lord’s supper
 In some churches like the catholic churches, Christians line up to
take part in the lord’s supper
 There is singing of Christian hymns by the church choir together
with the congregation to accompany the lord’s supper
 In the catholic and Anglican church, it is only taken by those
who were baptized and confirmed by the church

40
  In the catholic church, the believers who are not married in
church do not participate in the lord’s supper celebration
 There is also praying together before taking part in the Lord’s
supper celebration
 In the SDA church ,one first washes another’s’ feet before taking
part in the Lord’s supper
 The SDA’s take Juice instead of wine to represent the blood of
Jesus
11(a) Comment on Peter’s denial of Jesus (LK 22:54-64)

soln

 Jesus was arrested and taken to the house of the high Priest
 Peter followed at a distance ,closely
 A fire had been lit in the center of the courtyard and Peter joined
those who were sitting around it
 When one of the servants saw him sitting there at the fire, she
looked straight at him and said
 This man was too with Jesus
 But peter answered,” Man I am not”
 About an hour later, another person insisted strongly,
there is not any doubt that this man was with Jesus
because he is also a Gahleam
 But Peter answered,” Man I don’t know what you are
taking about”
 At once while Peter was still talking , a cock crowded
 Jesus turned around and looked straight at Peter
 Then peter remembered what Jesus had told him during
the last supper that before the cock crows to night
 You will say three times that you do not know me
 Peter went outside and wept bitterly
(b)Why did Peter deny Jesus?

soln

41
  Peter was afraid that he would be arrested together with Jesus
 He lacked courage to stand by Jesus up on seeing how he was
humiliated
 He was tempted by the devil and could not over come
 It was God’s will, Jesus had predicted that Peter would deny him
thrice that night
 Peter was over whelmed by the turn of events i.e. heat of the
moment
 Peter could not stand because he lacked the support of other
disciples
 His accusers looked so serious ,thus forcing him to deny
 Peter feared to be flogged by the authority as had happened to
Jesus
 He was only human and this explains the fear he had
 He had not fully understood Jesus up to this time ie that he was
the Messiah
 It was a fulfilment of the old testament sculptures that a Messiah
would be denied by his own people the one close to him
12(a) Relate Jesus’ resurrection in Luke24:1-244

soln

 Very early on Sunday the woman went to the tomb carrying

species they had prepared
 They found the stone rolled away from the entrance of the tomb
 So they went in but they did not find the body of Jesus
 They stood there puzzled about this when suddenly two men
said to them;
 Why are you looking among the dead for one who is alive?
 He is not here; he has been raised
 Remember what he said to you while he was in Gahlee
 The son of Man must be handed over to sinners ,be crucified and
three days later rise to life

42
 Then the women remembered his words ,returned from the
tomb and told all these things to the eleven disciples and all the
rest
 The women were many Magdalene ,and many the mother of
James
 They and other women with them told these things to the
Apostles
 But the Apostles thought that what the women said was
nonsense and did not believe them
 Peter got up and ran to the tomb, he bent down and saw the
linen wrapping but nothing else
 Then he went back home amazed at what had happened.
(b)What lessons do Christians learn from the above event?
soln
 They should believe in life after death
 They should take Jesus as the son of God
 They should endure persecutions for the sake of Christ
 They should wait for patiently for the second coming of Jesus
 They should always wait for patiently for the second coming of
Jesus
 They should always spread the news of Jesus’ resurrection
 They should repent off their sins waiting for the return of Jesus
 They should behave in the resurrection of Jesus
 They should always believe in God’s messengers
 They should go to Jesus for any challenges they face

43
 CRE 224-5
THE AFRICAN RELIGIOUS HERITAGE

1a) What was the importance of African Traditional Religion? (13 marks)

 To Africans, religion was important in the following ways;

 It promoted unity
 It was one way of preserving African culture
 It promoted hard work among people
 Religion helped to distinguish the different societies
 Religion promoted good health
 Encouraged permanence in marriage
 Promoted leisure
 Peace in society
 Love for nature
 Respect

1b) Given evidence to show that Africans had a religion before missionaries
(12 marks)

 Africans believed in the supreme creator

 They believed in gods considered to be assistants to the creator
 Africans believed in life after death
 Africans believed in ancestral spirits
 Africans also carried out prayers
 They had rituals
 They also offered to the divine beings
 Africans also had worship places e.g shrines, mountains, slaves etc
 They also had religious leaders
 They believed in art and symbols

2a) How important was Kinship system in Traditional Africa? (12 marks)

 Kinship determined how people related and behaved

 It helped people to live peacefully
 It ensured the wholeness of life
 Provided security
 Regulated matrimonial rules
44
  Kinship helped to preserve cultural identity
 Kinship determined the punishment delivered to errant members
 It gave members a sense of identity
 It ensured the youth were given proper education
 Kinship ensured that property inheritance was done fairly
 It ensured family and land disputes were settled peacefully
 Kinship ensured new certain ceremonies

2b) Why is kinship system fading out today? (13 marks)

 Advanced technology
 Formal education
 Rural urban migration
 Permissiveness in society
 Decline in African culture
 Intermarriages
 Moral decay
 Generation gap
 Nature of Jobs – Busy schedule
 Selfishness in society
 Witchcraft and sorcery
 Rural urban migration
 Poverty in society

3a) Describe the ritual of circumcision among the Gishu of Eastern Uganda
(15 marks)

 Circumcision could be carried out enemy after two years

 Boys of the same age group were prepared for circumcision
 Lessons on the rite i.e its importance how it is conducted etc
 Boys could sing and dance before circumcision
 They could visit homesteads
 They were offered gifts of appreciation for courage
 Candidates were dressed traditionally
 On circumcision day the whole community gathered singing
tradition songs

45
 The candidate could come and jump in front of elders with raising
arms ready for the exercise
 Some strong men could then come infront of him with a big stick
 One of the elders would then remove the candidates’ pencil and peel
off the foreskin
 They could then put traditional beer and other medicine on the
circumcised penis
 The entire community would sing songs of praise to him and
congratulate him
 Boys became men after circumcision and could now propose
marriage

3b) How important is circumcision among the Gishu? (10 marks)

 It was some sort of entertainment

 Helped circumcised youth to acquire wealth
 Sign of loyalty to one’s culture
 For identification purposes
 Promoted brevity
 One way of acquiring wealth
 Pleasing ancestors
 To make facts with ancestors
 Overcoming calamities
 Sign of maturity
 Ways of cleansing
 Promoted unity
 Preservation of cultural

4a) How did Africans teach the young about sex?

 Through initiation rituals

 Sex deviators were severely punished
 Through peers
 Virginity was highly valued
 Taboos were used to scare the young ones from engaging into sex
 Story telling
 Secret schools / private localities

46
 Separation of girls and boys
 Aunties trained the girls about sex
 It was provided orally
 It was compulsory to everyone before marriage
 Through music, dance and drama

4b) What are the obstacles parents face in trying to teach about sex
today? 12 marks)

 Permissiveness
 Immorality in society
 Formal education
 Poor government policy
 Some parents are shy
 Pornography in society
 Advanced technology
 Generation gap
 Busy schedule
 Peers have become a problem
 Poor communication skills by some parents
 Un controlled media

5a) Why was courtship important in Traditional Africa? (13 marks)

 It resulted into choosing of a good marriage partner

 Helped partners to have a stable marriage
 It helped individual to study and learn each other’s behaviours
 It extended friendship
 Helped young people to avoid making wrong choices
 It made marriage meaningful and respected and respected
 Helped the intending partners to get the guidance from parents
 Gave partners to plan to gather for future well- being of their
marriage
 It helped to identify and appreciate individual’s hobbies
 It provided an opportunity to establish the health status of the
partner to be
 Helped to express their intimate love each other

47
  Partners assisted one another socially and materially
 Helped partners to know each other’s family background

5b) Give reason why the youth are running away from courtship.
(12 marks)

 Curiosity ie some young people want to test their fiances sexually

before marriage
 Busy schedule
 No guidance to be followed
 Neglect of parents during courtship
 Permissiveness
 Poverty
 Preface during courtship
 Wide spread indiscipline and immorality
 Peer pressure
 Decline in African culture
 Advanced technology
 Bad examples from elders

6a) How did Africans spread their leisure? (13 marks)

Africans enjoyed leisure in the following ways;

 Story telling
 Community celebrations
 Beer parties
 Hand Craft
 Initiation rites
 Communal games
 Playing instruments. (singing and dancing)
 Educating the young
 Hunting
 Worshipping
 Carrying out sacrifices
 Visiting friends especially the needy

6b) Why is it hard for people to enjoy leisure today? (12 marks)

48
  Poverty
 Overworking
 Government intervention
 Accidents involved
 High crime rates
 Over spending during leisure
 Formal education
 Limited leisure activities
 Drug abuse during leisure
 Religious restrictions
 Remoteness of some areas

7a) What was the position of women in traditional Africa?

 Women were not allowed to compete with men in leadership

 Women were taken as mere sex objects
 Compensation would be paid to the man for adultery of his wife
 A woman caught in adultery would be seriously punished
 Women were supposed to sit down while men on choirs / stools
 A woman was not allowed to initiate divorce
 Women were expected to do domestic duties
 They were taken as sources of misfortune
 Women were not allowed to participate in beer parties
 Failure to produce was attributed to women
 Women were rarely consulted when important decisions were
made
 Widows were inherited
 Women were punished by their husbands for the failure to fulfill
their responsibilities
 Women duties were rarely appreciated

7b) What are the achievements of women Liberation movement?

(12 marks)

 It was reduced the rate of sex abuse

 Increasing number of women in politics
 Availing employment opportunities to women

49
 It has encouraged a number of girls in schools
 It has promoted family stability
 It has boosted women to work hard for their families
 It has increased the tax base for the government
 It has enabled women to talk in public and hold political rallies
 It has reduced the rate of early marriages
 It has promoted leisure industry since women are allowed to
participate
 Increased security
 It has increased women participation in high profiled professions
 It enabled women to own land
 It has encouraged women to own land
 It has encouraged won=men participation in religious affairs

8a) Why did people sacrifice in Traditional Africa? (15 marks)

 Sacrifices helped people to communicate to the dead

 Sacrifices were used to overcome problems
 Promoted unity
 They were used to seek forgiveness
 Promoted good relationship between the living and the dead
 Promoted good morals
 To cleanse evils
 Helped to worship the divine beings
 To express people’s needs
 Healing the sick
 Source of life
 To recognize God the owner of life
 To avert calamities
 Sacrifices were offered as gifts to God

8b) Explain the different occasions during which Africans

sacrificed to God. (10 marks)

 During war
 During marriage
 At birth

50
  During harvest
 During calamities
 During burial rites
 Amending broken relationships / during reconciliation
 Celebrating victory

9a) Show the ways how Christians demonstrate their faith in God
today? (13 marks)

 Promoting unity
 Through serving one another
 Living exemplary lives
 Paying taxes
 Respecting people’s fundamental human rights
 Fulfilling promises
 Respecting and preserving marriage institution
 Sharing with one another
 Being faithful
 Giving donations / alms giving
 Respecting parents / leaders
 Telling the truth
 Working Hard
 Exercising humility
 Through praying to God

9b) Explain the characteristics of African God (12 marks)

 The African God is real

 The African God is one but manifests himself in several ways
 The African God is all powerful
 God is all knowing
 Omnipresent
 The African God the provider
 God is merciful

51
  The African God is everlasting (eternal)
 God is the master
 God is unique

10a) Africans searched for God in all ways possible why? (13 marks)

 To acquire knowledge
 To be blessed with good harvest
 To show God’s uniqueness
 To bridge the gap between the living and the dead
 To promote peace and unity in society
 To a avert calamities
 To be forgiven
 Because divine beings were taken to be superior / powerful
 They searched for in order to respect of their sins
 To be of service to one another
 To ask God to solve their problems
 To thank God for whatever he had done for them
 To ask for long life

10b) Why are people evading God today?

 People take Christianity and Islam to be foreign religions

 Because of scientific knowledge
 Un answered prayers
 Mis understandings among religious leaders
 Poverty
 Greed for money / wealth
 Conflicting loyalty
 Failure of some individuals
 Politics in the church
 Witch craft, sorcery and magic
 Limited miracles in the church
 Ignorance

11a) Describe the cause of injustice in Traditional Africa (13 marks)

 Intermarriages were discouraged

52
  Harsh treatment and isolation of the under privileged
 Women were considered inferior
 Exploitation of the ruled by the ruler
 With craft and sorcery
 Discrimination of strangers
 The un married were despised
 Killing of twins
 Cannibalism and child sacrifice
 Forced marriages
 Women were denied delicious foods
 Over charging of bride price
 Women were denied to inherit property
 Women were not allowed to participation in politics

11b) How do people settle their differences in your society today

(12 marks)

 Punishing wrong doers

 Forgiving one another
 Praying for those involved
 Through compensation
 Holding family meetings
 Using courts of law
 Abandoning / ignoring cases
 Fighting until when the winner takes it all
 Organizing special meals / parties for re – union
 Being open to the offenders e.g witches
 They can be settled through music, dance and drama
 Consulting religious leaders for help / advise

12a) Give evidence to show that Africans believed in life after death
(12 marks)

 Death was seen as crossing from one state of life to another

 Ancestors were considered to be more powerful than the living
 Death was seen as a mere sleep
 They buried the dead with material things

53
 Mounting graves with stones
 Ancestors visited the living through dreams
 The dead were always consulted by the living
 The living dead were regarded as the up holder of customary
order
 Africans poured libation
 They respected the grave yard
 Africans treated the orphans with care that their parents were
always watching and protecting them

12b) How can one try to avoid death? (13 marks)

 Through being prayerful

 Visiting hospital
 Driving carefully
 Listening to parents
 Obeying laws of the society
 Through proper medication
 Avoid fighting
 By avoid over drinking
 Being in good terms with ancestors
 Having good terms with ancestors
 Having good nutrition / being with what he / she eats
 Having enough rests in order to avoid fatigue and anxiety
 Being faithful to your partner to avoid STDS

54
 IRE 225/1
SECTION A

1(a) Jahliyah days were the days of evil in Arabia before the advent of Islam

 They are popularly known as the days of ignorance and darkness.

 Different groups of people were treated in different ways basing on their social
status.
 Servants during those days belonged to the lower class of society
 The following is how they were treated by the general society
 They were not respected by anyone b’se of their social status
 Many of them were mistreated by their masters without anybody’s concern
 Female servants were usually sexually abused by their masters
 Freedom of worshipping was not extended to them at all
 Many times they would work beyond the normal hours without any resting
 Work that was given to them was always beyond their abilities
 With all the heavy work done no payment was made to them
 Sometimes the payments made were too low for the heavy work.
 They were not allowed to visit their relatives
 Equally marriage among themselves was illegal therefore they couldn’t have
families
 Servants were taken as property for the masters
 They were not allowed to visit their relatives
 They were made to move very long distances as they carried the goods of their
masters
 Basic needs of life were hardly provided to them e.g. food and medical
facilities.
 Freedom of speech was not extended to them in any way
 They were not allowed to vote or make any political contribution
 Owning of any property was unheard of for the servants
 They were not allowed to take part in the economic activities of society
 Any act of social development (ideas) servants were not expected to take part
1× 13 = 13

(b) Islam was introduced in 610AD.Since then onwards MH’D preached a number of
teachings that ended up liberating many people including the servants.

 The following teachings that ended up liberating many people including the
servants

55
  Islam taught brotherhood therefore they were to be cared for by society
members.
 It taught equality implying that they would now belong to no social class
 Servants were also liberated when Islam taught freedom of worship
 It taught marriage for all including servants
 Masters were told to provide all basics of life to their servants
 Payment for the work done were declared compulsory which was good for the
servants
 Acts of raping were declared illegal so they couldn’t suffer any more in those
days
 Islam taught humanity therefore they were to be treated as any other human
being
 Politics for all was taught by Islam implying that they were also politically
liberated
 Economic participation was also declared for all humans irrespective of the
status
 Islam taught masters to allow servants to visit their relatives which was good
 They were equally free to take part in the economic activities of their society
 The idea of owning human being as property was stopped by Islam which was
good for the servants.
 Islam stopped the practice of public punishments that were formerly given to the
servants
 Resting hours were to be granted to all servants
 Islam encouraged that work given was supposed to be equal to one’s ability
 All members of society were free to participate in any social developmental
activities 1× 12 = 12

2(a) Mh’ds miraculous journey undertaken in 621 AD is known as Isra-Wal Miraj

 It’s a journey that involved two events i.e.Isra’ and then Miraj
 Isra is the 1st part of this which involved mh’d moving from Mecca to Jerusalem
carried by Buraq.
 Miraj on the other hand is the 2nd part of the journey where MH’D was escorted
by Gibreal from Jerusalem to heaven and back to Mecca in one night.
 The whole event happened in one night after MH’D experiencing many
challenges like the death of Khadija and Abutwalib
 God decided to invite him for a consolation through Angel Gibreal.
 While mh’d was in his bed after the Isha prayer ,Gabriel appeared to him and
informed him about the invitation
56
  Gibreal appeared with a unique animal Buraq which was to carry MH’D
 MH’D was instructed by Gibreal to be ready to be carried by Buraq
 Buraq had a unique speed and within no time they were in Jerusalem.
 In Jerusalem Mh’d toured many important sites connected with Islam e.g.
Masjid Aqsa.mt. Sinai etc.
 Mh’d got a miraculous chance of meeting the earlier prophets of God.
 He led them in prayers and finally he ascended to Heaven
 Before getting unto the ladder sent by Allah, Mh’d was given a drink by Gibreal
 He was then escorted throughout the seven heavens by Gibreal
 At every level they met an earlier prophet and an Angel
 Mh’d was always saluted and then continued towards the final point
 Finally they reached a special point where Gibreal told MH’D to continue alone
 Mh’d continued alone to the final point where he was given salaam by Allah
HIMSELF
 The conversion went on with no eye contact. Mh’d was consoled and finally
given the 50 prayers
 In all the whole process, he even got a chance to witness what happens in both
heaven and hell
 Mh’d noted the number of women being far above that of men in hell
 As he travelled back, he met with prophet Musa who advised him to go back
and plead to God for a reduction
 The advice for reduction was done twice therefore from 50,25 and finally to 5
prayers
 He was back to Mecca and by morning time he informed his people
 Many could not believe him apart from special followers like Abubakar
 Abubakar was even given a special title(Al-swiddiq)1× 13 = 13

(b) Isra –Wal-Miraj affected MH’DS mission in a number of ways e.g.

 It consoled Mh’d who was formerly stressed therefore he was able to continue
preaching.
 To those who believed in it they were able to also continue preaching.
 The faith of such people also improved upon.
 Others who had not yet converted were now convinced to accept Islam
 The event helped Mh’ds prophet hood to be accepted much as it was being
opposed by the majority
 It helped Mh’d to have a miracle to prove that indeed he was a prophet of God
 Through this event Muslims were able to get the pillar of Islam which is an act
of worshipping
57
  It proved to the Muslims that there’s life after death which helped them to
prepare for it.
 Equally it helped them to realize how powerful God is e.g. through the
miraculous ladder
 The event helped Muslims to confirm the existence of the previous prophets
which is part of their faith
 It proved that God has a variety of creatures e.g. Buraq therefore Muslims
continued fearing God
 It gave opportunity to strong followers like Abubakar to get the tittle of Al-
Swiddiq
 It opened doors to the Muslims to realize how God is merciful to His creatures
reducing from 50-5 prayers)
 It was a motivation to the women to change their character in fear of hell
 The event proved how MH’D was indeed a beloved prophet of God since not so
many prophets got this chance
 The official greeting of the Muslims (salaam) was also got which is still in use
until today
 It taught a lesson to the Muslims to always be true to those they trust e.g. what
Abubakar did to Mh’d.

1× 12 = 12

3(a) The treaty of Hudaibiyyah was the 1st of its kind to be signed between the two
great enemies

 It happened at a place called Hudaibiyyah in 628 A.D.

 It was between the Muslims and the meccan Quraish
 Mh’d was the Muslim leader while Suhy Bin Amir led the Quraish side
 It was to be signed basing on the following factors;
 The month in which it was signed was a peaceful one therefore each side had
respect for it (Dhul Qa’da)
 Mh’ds nature of being accommodative helped the two sides to go into
agreement
 The meccans feared to stop the Muslims by force therefore they resorted to
peace talks
 The Muslims need to perform Hijja made them to go and in the process they
ended up into an agreement
 Mh’d had dreamt about Muslims performing Hajj without any interruption
 The great need by the Muslims to fulfill the above dream
58
  Quran had assured the Muslims that they were the true guardians of the Kaaba-
they were motivated to move
 God had also promised to punish anybody who would stop the Muslims from
entering mecca .It motivated them
 The Ansars of medina had always wanted to see the birth place of the prophet
 They were equally eager to see the kind of people who refused and even
tortured a full prophet of God
 Mecca was a special place to the Muslims therefore by all standard they wanted
to visit it
 The meccans had for along time stopped the Muslims from entering mecca
 The Muslims pledge to revenge for Uthuman’s alleged killing made the
meccans to fear quickly take action
 Most of the Muslims previous victories against the meccans gave them
confidence and ready for anything
 The meccans had a fear that Muslims might convert their people .so they
needed to prepare them 1st
 The original aim of the Muslims was not to fight therefore it wasn’t a surprise
that they accepted the agreement

1× 15 = 15

(b) The treaty of Hudaibiyyah had a number of advantages towards the growth of
Islam e.g.;

 It helped Mh’d that his prophet hood was being recognized by the meccans
 It gave hope to the Muslims that they would come back to mecca for hajj next
year
 It helped Islam to reduce on the enemity of the meccans towards the religion
 Through this treaty peace was created therefore the spreading of Islam was
rarely interrupted
 It enabled the Muslims to get allies (Ban Khuza) who were of great value to
Islam
 It helped Muslims that the meccans were able to get time to re-think about Islam
 It acted as a clear sign to the two sides especially the meccans that conflicts
could be solved without fighting
 Because of this treaty the city of mecca was finally conquered since it had been
violated
 Due to this treaty, many of the Muslims continued confirming the survival of
their religion
59
  It displayed to the meccans that Mh’d was not really a bad person as they had
always imagined
 Some terms of its treaty enabled Islam to be spread in mecca in future e.g. that
Muslims were free to move around during the 3 day’s stay

1× 10 = 10

4(a) Prophet Mh’d (pbuh) became a prophet in 610 A.D and he died in 632 A.D

 After Mh’d performing his last pilgrimage and having even visited Al-Bareeq to
pray for the dead Muslims, he moved back to medina
 On his way back he fell sick however, on arrival he continued with his state
duties
 For around 11 days he led Muslims in the grand mosque however ,he became
weak
 He finally requested Abubakar to help him lead prayers
 Abubakar did this duty for a number of days as Mh’ds health was worsening
 He even requested his wives to go to Aisha ‘s house from where he finally died
 On his bed he kept on praising God and even repenting
 His family members would vividly hear him doing the above
 On Monday Rabbil Awal as the prophet was extremely weak he called his
daughter Fatuma and talked to her
 At 1st she wept tears but later she smiled
 Later she shared the reasons for the above with Aisha i.e. she was informed by
the father that he won’t survive
 Then the smile was b’se she had been told that she would be among the ladies of
Jannah
 Finally as Mh’d was resting on Aisha’s laps he breathed his last after days of
serious headache and rising temperatures
 The news was received with mixed feelings of denial and disappointments but
Muslims had to finally accept
 Burial arrangements were made by his companions although there was an issue
of where to bury him.
1× 12 = 12
(b) Muhammad’s death came with a number of results upon the Muslims and
Islam at large.
 As a result of his death, Muslims were highly disorganized since it was
unbelievable to them.
 Some even pledged to handle anyone who dare mention it.
60
 Because of his death there was an issue of where to bury him though it was later
solved.
 It created a leadership crisis within the community since there was no leader.
 The death led to the coming up of different groups each wanting to be the
leaders.
 It created a gap for some people to claim to be prophets yet it was misleading
 Some Muslims decided to go back to their original religion since Mh’d was now
dead.
 Others even refused to give zakat yet it was still a pillar of Islam.
 Within the community some Muslims refused to pray much as they knew that
it’s a pillar
 They went to the extent of requesting prayer to become optional which was not
good
 The community became threatened since the enemies of Islam planned to attack
them immediately after the death (Christian Romans)
 There was an issue of his property which he left that was being claimed for by
his daughter (Fatima)
 Mh’ds death re-awakened the clan enemity between the Ban Hashim and the
Ban Umayyad’s
 Some Muslims even chose to go back to their former Jahliyyah evils
1× 13 = 13
st
5(a) Abubakar was the 1 caliph in the history of Islam. He was elected in a
meeting held at Thaqif in 632 AD
 The following is how he became a caliph
 When Mh’d died in 632 A.D ,the Muslim community got a crisis of who was to
be their leader
 Because of the gap left, a number of groups came up each having it’s reason of
claiming for leadership
 Among the groups for the claim were the Ansars,muhjroons, Legitimists and the
Ban Umayyad’s
 A lot of discussions went on however later on the community chose to organize
a meeting at Thaqif
 As the meeting was progressing,Abubaker and other strong companions heard
about it
 They quickly came to join the meeting .After a while of listening, Abubakar
requested for a chance to contribute
 Chance was given to him therefore he began by thanking the Ansars for the
great work done for Islam
61
  He alerted his listeners for the need to be careful as they discuss the issue
 He requested those present to allow the Muhjroons to produce the next leader
 Before taking his seat, he proposed two names Umar and Abu Ubaidah
 The two candidates however withdrew their names in his favour
 With such events , most of the participants accepted to have Abubakar as their
leader
 He was therefore announced as the 1st speech
 He served the Muslims for the next two years until his death in 634 A.D
1× 13 = 13

(b) For the two years of his leadership the Muslim community benefited in the
following ways;

 The Islamic empire was expanded through the conquests he made

 Islam as a religion was well spread to many other places
 Mh’ds mosque was expanded during his leadership
 New converts were well taught during this period
 Zakat as a pillar which was being abused was well restored
 Prayer as a pillar was also well resorted by caliph Abubakar
 Caliph Abubakar created security through his army which was good for the
Muslims
 He preached brotherhood therefore promoting unity among the Muslims
 Muslims were able to have the Quran well compiled during Abubaker’s time
 He started up the idea of a state treasury which was good for the welfare of the
society
 Abubakar’s time managed to end the idea of false prophets that were misleading
the public
 The Roman Christians who were planning to attack the Muslims were also well
handled by him
 He managed to bring back morals in society by punishing the criminals
 A number of schools were put up which promoted education
 Also a number of mosques were put up in different areas
 The empire was divided up into provinces which brought effective
administration
 Leaders were appointed on merit which was an advantage to the community
1× 12 = 12

62
6(a) Caliph Umar was the successor to caliph Abubakar

 He was elected in the year 634 AD and led the Muslims for the next ten years up
to 644 AD when he was murdered
 For the 10yrs his leadership, he made a number of changes in different sectors
e.g.
(i) Education;
 This sector got the following changes
 It was now declared compulsory for all by the caliph
 Education was now formalized with a well designed curriculum
 Some subjects were even declared compulsory e.g. Quran and
Hadith
 The caliph introduced the idea of trained teachers so that
education is handled by technical people
 Teachers were to be highly paid to ensure quality delivery
 Teachers were usually sent to different areas so that the grassroots
would receive the education
 A number of schools were put up to ensure that it’s really for all
 Many of the excelling students were given scholarships
 Educational materials were always provided by the gov’t for
effectiveness
 Scholars and researchers were always invited to the empire to
boost this sector
 Umar himself was fully involved in the process of education and
this was one way to check on the quality
 The idea of Adult education was also brought which gave chance
to Adults who had missed earlier on
 Arabic language was highly studied and promoted as a language
of instruction
1× 12 = 12
(ii) Judiciary
 This was another sector in which a number of changes were made
e.g.;
 He divided it into departments for easy and effective operation
 Umar ensured that the judiciary is independent in its operations
 Caliph Umar always ordered the judges to be fair in their
judgments
63
  He elected judges basing on very strict qualities therefore
ensuring quality services
 Judges were highly paid so that they can serve with due diligence
 He made himself the chief judge so as to make a closer follow up
 Quran and hadith were the constitution to be used by the judges
 A number of courts of laws were put up in different areas of the
empire to avoid delaying justice
 He always made judges in terms of number so that justice must
not be delayed
 Any judge that would be found guilty of doing otherwise was
always dismissed
 He boosted Judiciary by establishing a well-trained and facilitated
police force
 Equally he built a standing Army that would also help the
judiciary in matters of this law
 Prisons were constructed by the caliph in line of the law breakers
1× 13 = 13

7(a) Uthuman bin Affan’s life before his conversion was very simple right from his
conversion in 610 A.D

 He was a son of lady Arwa and his father was Affan bin Abu
 Uthuman was born in 576 A.D during the days of evil
 He was a son of a great and rich merchant
 Born a non-Muslim in Mecca from popular family of the Ban Umayyad’s
 He was from the great Quraish tribe of Mecca
 He was a very disciplined child although he grew up in the days of jahliyyah
 Uthuman grew up with his parents as a simple ,helpful and kind child
 He knew how to read and write although majority of the Arabs by then were
illiterate
 He learnt trade from his own father therefore even when he grew up he became
a trader
 Because of his good character which was similar to those of Abubakar, they
easily became friends in future
 Uthuman was among the prominent trades in Mecca
 He was known for his being trustworthy and above all he would always help the
poor and the needy
 Many Meccans respected him because of his good character

64
  In the year 610 A.D he converted to Islam instantly after being told by his close
friend Abubakar
 He was therefore among the few meccans to accept in its infancy
1× 10 = 10

7(a) Uthuman became a caliph in the year 644 A.D after the murder of caliph Umar

 Before his caliphate, Uthuman benefitted his religion fully while the Muslims
were in mecca and in medina
 The following are the ways in which he benefited his religion;
 He always called people to join Islam
 Uthuman took off time to teach the new converts
 Since he was a rich trader he used his money to help the needy Muslims
 He was greatly hated by his relatives because of accepting Islam but he didn’t
give up
 Uthuman was among the Muslims who used to record the Quran Mh’d was
receiving it
 He was among the early Muslims who were tortured because of Islam
 He was among those who could guard the prophet whenever he was in danger
 Uthuman frequently advised Mh’d on matters concerning Islam
 In times of trouble he would always console the prophet to remain firm
 He readily left his relatives and property and migrated for the sake of Islam
 Uthuman took part in all the battles that were meant to defend Islam (except
that of Badr)
 He equally financed the battles
 While in Medina he bought a well for the Muslims who were lacking fresh
water.
 He was among those who physically took part in the construction of the first
mosque
 Uthuman would always escort the prophet whenever he was going out for
preaching
 He was among those who dug the trench in preparation of the Battle of the
trench
 At the Battle field he would jealously guard the prophet against his enemies
 At the Tabuk attack in 631 A.D he was among the great facilitators of this event
yet it was about to fail
 He accepted to be sent to negotiate with the Meccans for entry into Mecca in
628 A.D which resulted into the treaty of Hudaibiyah

65
  He fully took part in the conquest of Mecca in 630 A.D
1 × 15 = 15

8(a) The battle of suffin was the 2nd battle fought by Caliph Ali

 It happened between caliph Ali and Mua’wiya the governor of Syria in the year
657 A.D
 It took place at siffin and at its end Mua’wiya was just a technical winner
 The following is how it happened;
 After caliph Ali winning the Battle of the camel in 656 A.D ,he now got time
 He decided to turn to Mu’awiya who the most disturbing oppose to him
 Ali therefore mobilized an army of around 50,000 men to move to Syria and
eliminate Mu’awiya
 As Ali Army moved on, Mua’wiya the governor of Syria got the news
 He quickly mobilized his men and finally the two armies met at siffin
 Before the real Battle happened,Ali requested Mua’wiyah for peace talks but he
refused
 Ali was left with no option but to fight
 As the Battle started both sides were confident of a win
 It continued to progress as Ali’s side seemed to be far better than that of
Mua’wiya
 Many of Muawiya’s men were being killed therefore his commander Amir bin
Aas brought a trick to help them
 He told his front men to fix Quran pieces into their swords
 They did so and moved towards Ali’s soldiers shouting that let the book of
Allah judge between them
 Ali’s men were softened by these words and many of them chose to stop
fighting
 Much as knew this was a trick but he couldn’t convince his men
 Although some wanted to continue but the majority didn’t –the battle ended
with Ali loosing technically
 With such a situation caliph Ali with nothing but to recognize Mua’wiya
 Ali had been let down by poor political negotiator Abu Musa
 The results of siffin negotiations were bad for Ali since they caused the
emergence of the Khawanjites
 These were the people who finally killed Ali
1× 14 = 14

66
(b) The battle of siffin which ended in a technical defeat of caliph Ali, had the
following effects upon the Muslim community;

 There was a lot of loss of lives yet these were both Muslim sides
 It led to the emergency of the khawenjite movement which was a sign of more
disunity
 It caused the siffin negotiations which again caused more confusion in the
community
 Because of this battle Ali’s death was finally caused which was not good
 This battle led to the recognition of Mua’wiya by Ali which wasn’t good for the
community
 The battle of siffin sharpened the enemity between the Umayyad’s and the
Hashimites
 It partly opened doors towards the end of the caliphate period which was a
democratic period
 The battle opened doors for the coming of Mua’wiya into power which came
with a number of political challenges
 It caused the political decline of caliph Ali yet this was bad for the community
 Because of the peace talks it brought power struggle within the community did
not end
 It’s results brought more confusion with in the community because of
Mua’wiya’s political ambitions
 It opened doors to coming into power of the Umayyad’s who were great
enemies of the Hashimites

1× 11 = 11

9(a) Islam is believed to have been the 1st foreign religion in Uganda.

 It was brought here by the Arab traders who were from the coast of East Africa
 It was during kabaka Ssuna’s time around 1844
 It started mainly in Buganda but with time it moved to other areas of Uganda
 Other religions like Christianity came in far later however ,the impact of Islam
has not been as great
 The little impact is based on the following;
 The spreaders of Islam were mainly traders and not preachers so they gave it
little time
 They didn’t have a well-organized missionary group meant strictly for
preaching Islam
 Arab traders were not fully united for spreading Islam but had other issues
67
  The issue of language barrier could not allow the religion to take root well
 Many time Ugandan’s hated Islam because of the issue of slave trade attached to
the Arabs
 In many areas these Muslims could not go there because of the poor road
networks
 Arabs lacked incentives to attract Ugandans towards Islam.
 Many people looked at Islam as being a very difficult religion which they
cannot accept quickly

 Ugandans had their African Traditional which was too strong to be dropped
 Most of the Islamic teachings were contradicting with the cultures of the
Ugandans ,so it wasn’t easy for it to become deeply rooted
 Some Arabs were looked at as being very arrogant therefore Ugandans did not
interact with them fully
 At a later stage, the coming of Christianity also affected the impact of Islam
since it created competition
 In the modern times the little impact of Islam is based on the too much disunity
with in the community
 The levels of commitment to missionary work is also affecting the strength of
island
 In some cases the behaviors of the Muslims themselves stops people from
accepting and appreciating this religion
1 × 13 = 13

(b) Arab traders are believed to have started appearing here during the time of
Kabaka SSUNA 11

 Although they were mainly traders but they ended up spreading Islam indirectly
 Their arrival had the following effects upon the lives of the Ugandans;
 They impacted upon these people in terms of the dressing style (hijabs and
kanzus)
 They also introduced a new sitting style with crossing of the legs
 These Arabs came with the religion of Islam and many Ugandans embraced it
 The eating style was also changed i.e. eating in a group
 They brought in new ways of Building (flat topped houses)
 Arabs in a new language for Ugandans (Arabic which was greatly learnt)
 They taught Ugandans new farming methods ie mixed farming
 Many new crops were brought by these Arabs and until today they are very
popular e.g pineapple
68
  It was because of these Arabs that skills like that of making soap and fertilizers
were brought here
 New food items were brought and are still enjoyed by the Arabs e.g. rice and
chapatti
 Arabs led to the development of the Swahili culture and language which two are
still surviving to date
 They came with new titles for religious leaders e.g. sheikh which is still in use
till today
 Arabs made some Ugandans to put mosques instead of their shrines
1× 12 = 12

10(a) Religious wars took place in Buganda between 1888-1894 especially during
kabaka Mwanga’s time

 They were between the Muslims and the Christians helped by the traditionists
 The Muslims were unable to win these wars b’se;
 Muslims were very few in numbers yet the Christians numbers were just okay
 They had very few guns yet the Christians had more than enough
 Muslim’s guns were of poor quality compared to those of their opponents
 Because the wars were many, some Muslim fighters were tired to continue for a
win
 Muslim guns had been confiscated at lake victoria which exposed them to a
defeat
 Some Muslim fighters were hypocrites so they didn’t fight whole heartedly
 Other were proud fighters since they regarded themselves as men of the palace
 There was a lot of disunity within the Muslim’s camp yet the opponent was
highly united
 Local people in Buganda supported the Christians which put the Muslims at a
risk of loosing
 The long distance from Bunyoro to Buganda made them too tired for a win
 The Muslims’ camp was affected by diseases which killed many of their fighters
 Equally, it was a poor camp economically and it would not compete with the
Christians well
 The colonial gov’t didn’t give any support to the Muslims yet the opponent was
always helped
 Muslim’s were not well trained military yet the opponent was very okay
 Christians had control over lake victoria which was very strategic yet the
Muslims didn’t have such
1× 15 = 15
69
(b)Religious wars in Buganda affected Islam in a number of ways e.g.;

 Islam lost it’s would be preachers through death

 It lost popularity especially in Buganda
 Some people even converted to Christianity after these wars for security
 Buganda was declared a Christian state which was another blow to Islam
 A lot of property including mosques were destroyed which wasn’t good for the
religion
 The would be preachers were greatly tortured and indeed this weakened the
Muslims
 Muslims were forced into exile which wasn’t good at all for Islam in Buganda
 Islam didn’t have financial support since Muslims were weakened economically
 It totally lost social recognition since Muslims became the 3rd class disrespected
members of society
 Positively however, slam was taken to other areas outside Buganda by the
Muslim refugees
1× 10 = 10

11(a) The Tabliq youth in Uganda are a group of Muslims that make up one of the
prominent sects with in the community

 They broke away from another sect (spidiq)in the early 1980’s
 Their headquarters were at Nakasero although with time they are now scattered
all over for different reasons
 What they believe in is indeed what they practice and they include;
 These youth believe and practice very strict monotheism in all ways.
 They are against the idea of celebrating Mh’ds birth
 These youth believe in the shortening of trousers for men
 For women the dressing must fully cover even below the uncles
 They practice and believe that a true Muslim must always dress islamically
 That men must have long beards since it was Mh’ds practice
 They also believe that all men must pray in congregation at all times
 That every mosque must have one official congregation prayer after which no
any other Jama’
 They are also emphasizing straight lines with toe-toe in the standing position
 They totally avoid and preach against taking of photos
 They believe in not raising the graves but instead flatten them
 They practice the brushing of one’s teeth with a wooden stick since that is what
Mh’d did
70
  These youth believe that the dead Muslims must always be taken quietly
 Related to the above, dead bodies should be taken as fast as possible
 They don’t practice prior educating of the dead as the old Muslims used to do.
1× 13 = 13

(b) The Tabliq youth have strengthened Islam in a number of ways e.g.;

 They have promoted awareness among the Muslims

 They have helped Muslims to be proud and confident about their religion
 The youth have always preached Islam in different areas
 They even put up Islamic projects like schools and mosques
 They came with the idea of Darasa through which Muslims have learnt Islam
 They brought the idea of Quran memorization and recitation competitions which
is good to date
 They Tabliqs have helped to promote the Islamic dress by declaring it a must
 Muslim brotherhood has greatly been promoted by them through emphasizing
the use of salaam
 The youths a lot in promoting the Islamic culture in different ways
 Sometimes they have organized fundraising and donation drives which is good
especially to the needy
 They have always organized public lectures about Islam in which is very useful
to the religion
 Through their activities and ways of punishing criminals they have promoted
morals
 They have greatly helped the Muslims of Uganda to improve on their faith

1× 12 = 12

12(a) Uganda Muslim Supreme Council is the central Muslim governing Body for all
Muslims in Uganda.

 It was started in 1972 by Amin Dada who was the by then president of Uganda
 He copied the idea from Egypt
 Since 1972 to date,UMSC has achieved the following areas;
 Through it’s efforts and networking the National Mosque was completed
 The council managed to register Uganda in OIC as a members state & this has
come with a number of benefits
 It has always secured different scholarships for different Ugandans which is
good for Education
 Many times the council has secured donations especially for the poor Muslims
71
  It started up radio Bilal (94.1) which is not only giving jobs but also informing
Muslims
 The council managed to organize a national Muslim election in which shk.
Mubajje was elected
 Many times it organized National Mauled which can be a source of information
and reflection
 It has provided facilities for the establishment of the Islamic call University (old
k’la)
 The council has greatly tried to organize Muslims to go and fulfill the 5 th pillar
of Islam
 Frequently it organizes seminars especially in Ramathan for the benefit of the
Muslims
 Many Muslims have been helped in getting religious guidance for the council
 It has collaborated with different organisations for the good of Muslims e.g.
Health camps have become organized
 A number of sheikhs have been trained through it’s efforts which is good for the
growth of Islam.
 UMSC has tried to collect Zakat although it’s distribution has come with a
number of challenges
1× 13 = 13

(b)Although it has tried to achieve in a number of ways however, there’s a lot that it’s
still failing to achieve

 In order for the council to perform better the following suggestions can work;
 Let it borrow interest free money and start up economic projects so as it’s
economic objectives are achieved
 The council should establish branches /agents in all areas of Uganda in order for
it to serve all
 It should train and retain many technical p’ple for improved service delivery
 Council officers who are corrupt must be expelled in order for it to work better
 Let it’s officers go back to the Quran and Hadith that teach the time roles of a
Muslim leader
 Let the officers personally learn and be taught to be genuine for whatever they o
for the community
 The council should stream line it’s leadership duties to eliminate power struggle
which is disturbing it a lot
 UMSC should be careful with positions since it has over interfered with in it’s
operations alot.
72
 The council must organize workshops for the community more frequently so as
to get guanine ideas
 They can even borrow a leaf from Christians over how they do their things
 Supreme council sheikhs should adjust their teaching topics to help Muslims
holistically
 It should always negotiate for better quality scholarships for Muslims to avoid
getting a one sided set of students
 It can even re-visit its constitution to avoid the mismanagement of Muslim
affairs in Uganda
1×
12 = 12

73
 IRE 225 / 2
UCE

SECTION A

1(a) Shahadah is the 1st pillar of Islam

 It’s a testimony made by all Muslims in words, beliefs and action.

 In it Muslims testify and confirm its two parts with-out any doubt.
 It has two parts i.e. testifying that God is one and only and that MH’D was
nothing but his servant.
 It’s second part therefore concerns strictly MH’D as a true prophet of GOD
 This part stands for testifying that MH’D was just a normal human being.
 That he wasn’t a son of God but a chosen messenger.
 Was only chosen and sent to the whole world
 That he was sent as the last prophet of all God’s prophets.
 That he was sent with God’s last book (Quran) to deliver its message to
mankind.
 That MH’D must never be over praised by Muslims
 He was just a servant of God and should be respected for that.
 He was the best and most beloved prophet of God
 That whoever loves God must love Prophet MH’D
 That he was the best person in character.
 Muslims must follow his words fully inform of do’s and don’ts
 He was the best example sent to mankind and should be emulated.

1× 12 = 12

1(b) Shahadah through its two parts can benefit the Muslims in a number of ways
e.g;

 It saves the Muslims from the biggest sin of shine.

 It also helps them to know the nature of their God.
 Through shahada Muslims are able to know the position of their prophet.
 It saves them from worshiping their fellow human being
 Shahadah helps Muslims to copy MHD’S actions therefore they become
morally upright
 It brings the Muslims together because they subscribe to it.
 It checks their behaviors since they know that God sees them all times though
they can’t see HIM

74
  It helps them to be confident knowing that their creator and controller can do
anything for them
 Muslims are able to express their commitment to their God through shahadah
 It helps them to increase on their faith in God and the prophet
 Muslims numbers can also improve since shahada admits people into Islam
 They are equally able to confirm the origin of the Quran through the second part
of shahada.
 It helps them to reflect and confirm the mighty powers and Authority of GOD
the overall in everything

1× 13 = 13

2(a) Prayer is an act of worshiping God by communicating to Him.

It’s the 2nd pillar of Islam which starts with the opening Takbir and ends with salaam

 It involves using selected words and actions as Muslims worship God.

 Generally prayer is divided into major types i.e.
i. Obligatory (compulsory)
ii. Optional( sunnah)
 Obligatory prayers are those that are a must.
 Such prayers must never be missed without a genuine reason.
 If one misses any of them he/she qualifies for God’s punishment
 Examples of such prayers include;
a) The five daily prayers
b) Funeral prayer (Faradha Kifaya)(collective obligation)
i. Optional prayers(Sunnah)
 These are the ones that are not compulsory.
 It’s not a must but encourages
 They were greatly advocated for by the prophet
 If they are prayed one gets rewards well
 If they are not, no sin is done and therefore no punishment.
 They are offered at one’s will for man’s own benefit.
 Muslims perform them just to emulate the prophet.
 Sunnah prayers are divided into two i.e.
i. Those highly emphasized (mua’qadat)
ii. Those encouraged just

Examples in this type are

75
 a) The Sunnah units performed before or after each of the five daily
prayer

b) Taraweeh prayer

c) Tahyatul-Masjid

d)Witr prayer

e)Tahjud

f)Swalat Dhuha

1× 13 = 13

2(b) One’s prayer becomes invalid in case of anything below happens;

 If one loses his ablution/wudhu


 Laughing during the process.
 Eating anything
 Leaving out any of the compulsory steps/acts of prayer
 Saying any other words that are not officially part of prayer
 Not covering any part of the body which is compulsory to be covered
 Experiencing any impunity while swalah e.g. Menstrual blood
 Not facing the Qibla intentionally
 Un necessary moving of one’s body parts
 Acting earlier than the Imaam if it’s a congregational prayer
 Any kind of drinking in any form
 Any action that comprises the image of the prayer e.g clapping
 Overlooking on its sides(not fully concentrating)
1× 12 = 12

3a) Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam in position number 3.

 It involves the well to do Muslims making a compulsory contribution to the

disadvantaged Muslims.
 It can be either zakatil fitir or zakatil maal.
 The following are the categories of people who must receive Zakat;
 Those who are totally having nothing (poor)
 Those that are Justin need at a time(needy)
 Muslims smuggling in the course of Allah
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  The new Muslim converts
 Muslims who must be freed from bondage
 Those who are stranded as they travel
 Muslims with unbearable genuine debts
 Those individuals who do the work of collecting and distributing it
1× 10 = 10

(b) The pillar of Zakat is not fully implemented due to a number of factors e.g.

 Majority of the Muslims are too poor to give out anything

 The high levels of unemployment with the community makes them have nothing
to give out
 Uganda is not a Muslim country therefore its collection lacks a political support.
 Some would be givers are having a weak faith towards everything
 Others are just lacking the information needed about Zakat
 Muslim disunity partly affects this implementation
 The bad attitude towards this concept also affects it.
 Some Muslims are just economically selfish and are not willing to give in.
 Others have a wrong feeling that their wealth will decrease
 Zakat punishments are mainly for the future which makes people relax
 The would be willing givers are sometimes located in very remote areas that are
rarely visited by the collectors
 Others refuse to give it due to the corrupt and dishonest collectors
 Zakat collectors over concentrate in towns so the rural areas may not
implement this pillar
 The poor marketing/ advertising methods of this pillar may also be a problem
since some people end up just resisting or ignoring it.
 Lack of a clear follow up method of those would qualify to give it pulls the
whole process down
 The number of zakat collectors that are really well informed about the pillar is
also limited
1× 15 = 15

4(a) A Muslim baby is generally received by parents following the teachings about
Aqiiqah.

 Aqiiqah is the official ceremony for receiving Muslim babies

 It involves a number of steps taken as a way of thanking God for the gift of the
baby

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  It starts with spreading the good news to all the close family members.
 Adhan should be performed in the right ear
 Iqaama is also done in the left ear.
 Something sweet is inserted into the mouth preferably a date/honey
 A good and meaniful name should be given following Islamic teachings
 All to this level a simple dua can be made by one the parents present
 On the 7th day, the baby’s hair is cut off
 If it’s a baby boy circumcision should also be done
 If baby girl then her ears can be pierced
 The hair is weighed with the help of the religious person present
 Parents are guided to give sadaq accordingly
 Parents slaughter animals 2 for a boy and 1 for a girl.
 The meat so got is divided into three portions
 At such a function relatives and friends are invited for the thanks giving.
 One portion of the meat goes to the neighbours
 Another one is consumed by the family member
 The last one is given/served to the relatives
 At the end of it all, supplications are made and even gifts are acceptable.
1× 12 = 12

(b) The above steps in Aqiiqah are very important both to the parents and to the
child.

 It can even be important to the general community in the following way;

 To the parents, it gives them chance to express their appreciation to God
 It enables them to practice what their prophet taught them.
 They even get a chance to rewards for since there duas being made
 It’s one way through which Muslim parents are able to pray for their children
 It helps them to lay a bond for the future with their children.
 Parents get a chance of promoting social relations with people like the
neighbours
 To the family members it can be chance for them to renew their family bond
 To the children they get opportunity of being blessed because of the many duas
 They are able to be identified because of the naming
 Children are also prayed for therefore chances of a better future
 The step of circumcision prevents the boys from infections.
 For the girls there ‘s a step that helps them for future beautification

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  The community generally gets more close since there’s a lot of sharing /feasting
and meeting.
 It can be one way of advertising Islam to the community.
1× 13 = 13

5(a) Islamically God sent His messages to mankind through specific individuals
(prophets) for guidance

These prophets came at different times with books of guidance such as Injir.

 Islam has the following teachings about Injir

 That it’s one of God’s books that He sent.
 It is the second last book to be sent by God.
 Injir was sent through prophet Isa( A.S)
 It was therefore received by the second last prophet
 Injir must be believed in without any doubt since it is God’s holy word.
 Islam however teaches it’s followers not to fully follow it since it was corrupted
by man
 It’s a book that was sent to teach Tawheed just like other books of God
 This book was also revealed through Angel Gibreal
 It was sent to the people of Jerusalem
 Injir is part of the Quran since Quran is a summary of all other books.
 Mankind has added his own information in this book that’s why it shouldn’t be
followed fully
 Injir equally teaches good morals.

1× 10 = 10

(b)Quran is yet another holy book sent by Allah

 Islam teaches the following about this book;

 That it’s nothing but His holy words
 That it was sent to prophet MH’D(Pbuh)
 Quran as a book must be believed in by all believers
 That is was sent to the whole universe and not to a specific nation
 That Quran was delivered by Angel Gibreal to MH’D at different times
 As taught by Islam it’s the only book that has never been corrupted by man
 That it summarizes all other earlier revealed books.
 God even pledged to protect it from forgeries.
 That it was basically sent to teach Tawheed

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  Nothing has ever been lost from this book after all it’s enjoying a divine
protection
 Islam tells it’s followers not to touch this book without ablution
 Equally they must be silent when it’s being recited.
 That it was sent for nothing but to teach good morals.
 It’s a book that was sent to the last and most beloved prophet of God.
 It is indeed the seal of all holy books sent by God.
1× 15 = 15

6(a) Adam is believed to have been the first man to be created by God

 He is also believed to have been the first prophet of God to be sent.

 That from him all other humans are connected to him.
 His story is carried in Quran 2:30
 Quran in this story talks about how God chose to create Adam
 That He started by informing His Angels about it.
 Angels did not like the idea of Adam’s creation though they could not stop
GOD
 GOD informed them that He knew what they didn’t know.
 Angels had a reason that Adam (man) is going to shed blood and disobey God
 This reason didn’t stop God from creating Adam
 God went ahead and created Adam from clay (38:71-72)
 Then later on from Adam’s rib God created Hawa
 From this pair He made nations and nations of mankind
 After Adam’s creation GOD even ordered all Angels to bow towards him which
they all did except Iblis(38:73)
 God even taught Adam a number of creatures names and he was able to say
them
 Finally God settled both Hawa and Adam in paradise.
 He allowed them to enjoy everything save the tree of wisdom
 God even warned the two about the work of Iblis
 The two however were tempted by Iblis later which led to them realizing it
through their nakedness
 Adam apologized to God but was sent to earth (with more warnings + guidance)

1× 13 = 13

(b) The story of Adam as it’s taught in the QURAN has a number of benefits to the
Muslims since it teaches them a number of life lessons.
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  It’s benefits therefore includes the following;
 It gives mankind the history Adam who was the first man.
 Muslims can easily confirm God’s powers through his story
 Muslims faith in God can greatly be improved upon
 They are able to confirm that God has other creatures like Angels
 Muslims get to realize the value of having knowledge which was the basis for
Angels to bow to Adam
 It helps Muslims to confirm the existence of Heaven
 Equally it can help them to avoid Satan
 It helps them to learn to repent since it forgave Adam though he had wronged
Him
 The story helps Muslims especially women to reflect on their originality
 It helps them to be united after all they are all from a single pair of Adam and
Hawa.
 Muslims get to realize that God acts the way He chooses that’s why He created
Adam despite the Angels ‘views.
 Muslims learn the value of praising Allah’s since all Angels bowed to God to
save Iblis
 It helps them to reflect and follow GOD’S guidance He sent through Adam
 Muslims to realize that their actions can always have results upon them.
1×
12 = 12

7(a) The day of Judgment is a very unique day as taught by Islam

 It’s a day of accountability and rewards

 Islamically nobody knows when it’s to occur but it’s real
 Believing in it is an Article to faith to be respected
 The following event s will take place on that day as taught by Islam
 The Angle in charge (Israfil) will blow the first trumpet which will be followed
by death
 All living things on that day will die said Allah
 The second trumpet will also be blown and followed by resurrection
 All people will come out of their graves in shapes that would have been
determined by their previous deeds
 Everyone will be on his/her own
 Mankind will be wondering over what’s going on
 People will gather in Arapha where other events are going to take place

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  Good people will be well guided to this ground by Angels.
 Bad people will be dragged to the same place
 Records of word previously done by man will be passed over to man
 All the body parts of man will be giving witness about man over previous deeds
 Man will be giving an accountability of his last actions
 The sun on that day will overhead and people will be sweating basing on their
previous actions.
 There will be the event of passing over the narrow bridge(siratwa)
 Good people won’t have trouble passing over here but the bad one’s will be
challenged
 There would be a lot of thirst but the good people will be served with something
 There will be a divine weighing scale to weigh man’s actions
 The results of the above scale will determine man’s last destination(
Hell/Heaven)

1× 12 = 12

(b)Believing in the Day of Judgment benefits Muslims in the following ways;

 It helps them to do good in order to avoid the challenges of this day

 Equally Muslims repent for their sins b’se of this Day
 They also get rewards since it’s an article of faith
 It helps them to prepare themselves for the day
 This belief makes Muslims to reflect on God’s unique powers
 Muslims are brought closer to God b’se they keep on doing good
 It’s beliefs leads to a morally upright society since people are avoiding evil
 It can even bring unity among the Muslims since they all subscribe to it
 The belief leads to a morally upright society since people are avoiding evil
 It can even bring unity among its Muslims since they all since they all subscribe
to it
 The belief in this this day makes Muslims to live in harmony since majority are
improving
 It makes them to have self-control in fear of the events of Day.
 It motivates them to value ARAPHA as a special site in Islam
 The belief helps Muslims to reflect on the future and become more committed
 It gives Islam meaning as a religion since people live with hope
 Muslims live with hope of being rewarded for the good they do.

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  It helps Muslims to confirm the special position of prophet MH’D (PBUH)
since he will even have a special fountain.
1× 13 =
13

8(a) Qadr is one of Articles of faith that must be believed in by believers without any
doubt.

 Islam teaches the following about Qadr;

 That it’s the strong belief that whatever happens to man is from nobody but
God.
 There’s always a hidden good reason even in the’bad’Qad
 That for whatever Qadr happens , God has a reason
 That this Qadr is God’s decree (pre-determined). He put in place before man’s
actual existance
 This decree was prior put in place by GOD
 Whether it’s good/bad it must be believed in.
 It’s from Himself without any influence
 If it’s good Qadr Muslims must remain patient
 That nobody knows it but a secret of GOD
 Islamically Qadr can never be escaped by mankind
 It was sent to man at 40days of existence
 That man can never change this Qadr
 It can occur at any one time of God’s choice
 Qadr can islamically occur in anyway as God wishes
 It can however be changed by God if a man can seriously pray for this
 Man cannot have any hand in this concept
1× 13 = 13

(b) The belief in QADR benefits the Muslims in the following ways;

 It helps Muslims to live in patience since God acts the way He chooses
 Muslims are able to live in Harmony since they know God is the one who
decides
 It helps Muslims not to waste time not to blame others for what happens to them
 It creates an evil free society
 Muslims learn to accept what they are b’se of God’s choice
 It motivates them to pray since God can change any Qadr through prayer

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  Muslims keep on working hard since they don’t know what Qadr is a head of
them
 It helps them to come closer to their God through Prayer
 Muslims are able to confirm Allah’s mighty power to do everything and even
change it.
 Qadr makes Muslims to get rewards since it’s an article of faith
 It makes them develop a better faith in God
 To those who subscribe to it, it unites them
 Man realizes how far he is ‘nothing’ in the eyes of Allah since he can never
change anything that is set by God
1× 12 = 12
SECTION C

9(i) Islam is an all –round religion that guides its followers about human relations
via the rights

 The rights of husbands are the duties of their wives

 Islamically husbands must enjoy the following rights:
 They must be cared for by their wives(welfare)
 Husbands have a right to be genuinely loved
 They must be obeyed with no condition attached
 Husbands must always be respected by their wives
 They should never be cheated upon by the wives
 Husbands must be consoled in times of sorrow
 Their relatives must equally be respected
 Their property should never be asked for permission in case of optional fasting
 Husbands have a right to be satisfied sexually
 Their marriage secrets must never be shared out
 They have a right to be asked for permission incase a wife is going out
 Husband should be well received back home by their wives
 They equally have a right to have their wives beautifying themselves for them
 Husbands should be helped out by their wives in case of any need.
1× 12 = 12

9(ii) Wives are equally given rights by Islam and there are in turn the duties of the
husbands.

 Wives’ rights include the following;

 They must be loved genuinely

84
  Wives must be respected by their husbands
 They should be looked after fully by the husbands
 The relatives of the wives must also be respected by husbands
 Wives have a right to be sexually satisfied
 Their marriage secrets must never be shared out
 They have a right to justice especially in polygamous marriages
 Wives must be given the right to worship therefore they should not be stopped
from going for religious functions
 Wives must not be exposed to violence for any reason
 They have a right to go and visit their relatives
 Wives must never be forced into sex
 They must never be embraced in public especially in the presence of the
children
 Wives must never be cheated upon at any one time
1× 13 = 13

10(i) Muslims are guided to promote good health by practicing the following;

 They are advised to go for medication whenever its necessary

 Muslims are supposed to eat a well-balanced diet in order for their health to
remain good
 Sporting activities for fitness are encouraged by Islam
 Food prepared by Muslims must be fully cooked to avoid the dangers of half
cooked food to their health
 Over eating is not allowed by Islam since it affects one’s digestive system
 Taking intoxicants is not allowed by Islam since it affects man’s health
 Eating of dangerous foods like pork which has bacteria is prohibited
 All the practices that promote good hygiene must also be done for purposes of
good health
 For women,sex in one’s periods is prohibited since it’s a threat to women’s
health
 Consumption of drugs is highly prohibited for purposes of one’s health
 Acts of abortion are not allowed b’se they affect sexual health
 Raping and defilement must also be avoided since they affect both physical and
mental health
 Circumcision for men is encouraged to prevent diseases
 Children are supposed to be breast fed for purposes of their good health
 Muslims must slaughter animal’s islamically to allow full flow of blood which
would otherwise be dangerous.
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 1× 13 = 13

10(ii) Cleanliness is highly encouraged by Islam through practicing the

following;

 Muslims are told to always use water after easing themselves

 They must even avoid touching their private parts with dirty hands
 Cleaning of utensils must highly be observed
 Muslims are guided to always clean the environment where they live
 Putting on clean clothes is also a must
 Bathing constantly is to be respected by Muslims
 Easing one’s self carefully should be observed to avoid any splashing back
 Before eating Muslims should clean their hands and even after
 Menstruating women are encouraged to clean themselves more frequently
 Cutting of one’s nails is also an act of cleanliness taught by Islam
 Brushing one’s teeth must also be done for one to be clean
 Treaming off one’s hair should be done for one to be clean
 Shaving of pubic hair must also be done by Muslims to promote cleanliness.
1× 12 = 12

11(a)Islam guides it’s followers over a number of foods must be avoided

 Prohibited foods as taught by Islam include;

 Any food that has been proved to be dangerous to man’s health
 Meat got through gambling
 Dead animals
 Meat slaughtered by non-Muslims
 Meat sacrificed by small gods
 Pork
 Intoxicants
 Any form of drugs
 Flowing blood
 Any animal that is hunted around the kaaba
 Animal that has fallen from far high
 Animals with no divided hooves
1× 12 = 12

(b) Prohibited foods are very dangerous to mankind in the following ways;

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  They might cause brain damage (drugs)
 Sometimes even death can occur b’se of poison
 Such foods make man loose his dignity
 They even lead to self-neglect(intoxicants)
 Some of the above foods expose man to God’s punishment
 They make man to annoy God(intoxicants)
 Some of the foods cause diseases e.g. pork
 They make man to promote illegal acts e.g. gambling
 Prohibited foods can expose mankind to dangerous bacteria (flowing blood)
 They can prevent man from respecting the life of animals(dead animals)
 Some of the above foods can affect the nervous systems of
man(drugs+intoxicants
 Others can make man do other evils like rape(intoxicants)
 Sometimes they lead to family breakdowns due to negligence(wine)
 Through wine drinking some people have lost their jobs which creates many
other problems in the society
1×
13 = 13

12(a) Muslims are obliged to earn their living lawfully as taught by their religion.

 Lawful earning in Islam involves the following;

 Muslims must have work to do therefore no free earning.
 They must involve lawful business and not otherwise
 While earning a living Muslims must avoid telling lies
 They must use rightful measures at all times
 Rightful weights must also be given in the process of earning
 Any form of bribery should not be done as a way of getting a living
 Over pricing is not allowed as Muslims are earning lawful earning should not
involve any form of charging interest
 Gambling cannot be done as a way of earning a living
 Muslims should not hide goods from the market(hoarding)
 They should also be ready to expose what they sell well to the buyers getting
excessive profits in Islam is also not allowed as a way of earning a living
 In earning a living Muslims must avoid selling under uncertainty which might
cause conflicts
 Muslims are not allowed to earn through begging
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  Selling of expired goods is not allowed for one to earn a living.

1× 12 = 12

(b) Earning unlawfully is very disadvantageous to man and society at large e.g.;

 It widens the gap between the poor and the rich which is not good
 Because of the above gap, there’s a lot of enemity that is created
 It promotes disobedience of God’s laws which is not good
 It makes people to exploit others illegally which is bad for society
 Illegal earning can plant seeds of revenge in society which is not good
 Many times illegal earning exposes man to God’s punishments
 It makes people to lose their property over cases of interest
 It gives a bad image to the young people regarding work
 Illegal earning promotes laziness among the people yet Muslims are supposed to
work
 It can also cause enemity within society
 Expired goods can be dangerous to man’s health
 When people earn illegally it can even lead to an increase in crime rates.
 Some of the illegal ways can affect the economic development of the country
(gambling)
1×
13 = 13

88
 ENGLISH 112/1
MARKING GUIDE AND POINTS OF INTERPRETATION

SECTION A

1. Title-E.g. A EULOGY TO-ON- / Funeral Speech or Tribute

2 Mark
2. Protocol –(An appropriate one)
E.g. Religious leaders, bereaved family / family of the decease
And fellow mourners 2marks
3. Introduction –self and subject-2 marks
4. Body-cause of death and what you were doing, at what time. 2marks
 The deceased’s character (at least 2) 2 marks
 The contribution to the school and community 2 marks
 Word of comfort to the family (bereaved family) 1 marks
5. Conclusion
Rest in Eternal peace
Rest in Peace 1 mark

SUMMARY

 FORMAT- 07 marks 06 – Excellent

 CONTENT-07 marks 05 – V. Good
 LANGUAGE-06 marks
04 – Good
20 marks
03 – Fair
SECTION B
02 – Weak
2.
01 – V. Weak
 It must be a story if not
 Candidate should have waited for something uneasily but did not get it as
expected/happen as desired
 Candidate should describe their feelings if not
 If something happened as desired,M1
 If nothing waited for and nothing happened,B1
3.

 Candidate should give solutions to the problem of teenage pregnancies

 If story ,accept

89
4.

 Candidate should write a story ending with the given statement if not
 If given statement is implied,M1
 If statement not given and not implied ,B1
 Cattle should be involved if not
 If statement placed anywhere else and not at the end,M1
5.

 Candidate should write a story bringing out the meaning of the saying properly,
i.e. everyone will have a good hick or success / failure at some point in their
lives.
 If the meaning is not brought out clearly ,B1
6. This is a discursive topic. Candidates should give their views on both sides but
take a stand

7.

 candidate should begin with the given statement ,if not , M1

 candidate should write a story starting what they were watching and what the
teacher did
 If candidate was watching nothing, M1
 If teacher did nothing and candidate was watching nothing,B1
END

90
 ENGLISH 112/2
PAPER TWO

112/2

QUESTION 1

FAIR COPY

THE BENEFITS OF FASTING AND THE HEALTH RISKS

ASSOCIATED WITH IT.

1. Fasting boosts cognitive performance,

2. Protects obesity
3. and associated chronic illnesses
4. It improves an overall physical fitness,
5. One’s self-esteem
6. and reduces inflammation.
7. Fasting decreases the risk of metabolic diseases.
8. If done properly, it can benefit cancer patients
9. and promotes blood sugar control.
10. It may enhance heart health.
11. Fasting may boost brain function
12. and prevent neurodegenerative disorders.
13. It can delay aging
14. and extend longevity.
15. However, fasting can lead to spikes and crushes in blood sugar levels.
16. It increases stress levels
17. And disrupts sleep during fasting.
18. It can cause heartburns and reduction in stomach acid, which digests food and
destroys bacteria.
19. Fasting may promote over-eating
20. and can interfere with vital bodily function(s).
1
mark each

TOTAL = 20 marks

91
 FAIR COPY

THE BENEFITS OF FASTING AND THE HEALTH RISKS

ASSOCIATED WITH IT.

Fasting boosts cognitive performance, protects from obesity and associated

chronic illnesses. It improves an overall physical fitness, one’s self esteem and
reduces inflammation. Fasting decreases the risk of metabolic diseases. If done
properly, it can benefit cancer patients and promotes blood sugar control. It may
enhance heart health. Fasting may boost brain function and prevent
neurodegenerative disorders. It can delay and extend longevity. However, fasting can
lead to spikes and crushes in blood sugar levels. It increases stress levels and disrupts
sleep during fasting. It can cause heartburns and reduction in stomach acid, which
digests food and destroys bacteria. It may promote over-eating and can interfere with
vital bodily function(s).

WT – wrong title
110 words.
Bp – bbck poro
PENALTIES
IS – transion son - 1
1. No title/wrong title = -1
2. Block Paragraph = -1
3. Disjointed Paragraphs/ subsequent Paragraphs = -½
4. No subject in first/beginning/opening/introductory sentence = -1
5. Outlining/Listing/Numbering points = ½
6. Use of more than two commas in a sentence = ½ in the proceeding points.
7. No punctuation marks = 0
8. Use of contractions, wrong tenses, wrong spellings, and any other grammatical
errors = 0
QUESTION 2A

1. She is exploited by producing off springs, giving milk working hard and
offering pleasure. (presence tense)
2 marks
2. It is the women who offer labour/do most of the farm work. (2
marks)
3. Yes he does. Traditions make a woman less human/Sets women back/Does not
offer help to women.
(2 marks)
4. It can save lives. (2
marks)

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 5. i) cannot resist/cannot fight back/cannot defend themselves/cannot argue out a
point. (1/2) cannot opposite
ii) damage/spoil/waste/inconvenience. (1/2)
iii) supplementing/adding… (1/2) increasing / resourcing problem
iv) rampant/epidermic/rife/widespread/prevalent/pervasive…. (1/2) / disaster /
plight danger
NB Other answers are acceptable as long as they are make meaning.
Explanations are acceptable as long as they are correct.

TOTAL =10 MARKS

QUESTION 2B

2.6 D

2.7 B

2.8 D

2.9 B

2.10 B 2
marks each

TOTAL= 10 MARKS

QUESTION 3A

3.1 Neither have I got time to go on holiday nor have I got the
money……………………… 1 mark

- Neither have I got time to go on holiday nor the money.

- I have neither got time to go on holiday nor have I got the money.

- I have neither got time to go on holiday nor the money.

3.2 Getting rid of Covid 19, Ugandans did not know there were new economic
challenges ahead.
1 mark

3.3 Scarcely had one rebel been arrested when another appeared on the scene.
…… 1 mark

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 3.4 He said he would prefer starving to stealing.
1 mark

- He said he would prefer to starve rather than steal.

3.5 That is the best I can do for you.

1 mark

3.6 He only listened to what they were saying out of curiosity.

1 mark

3.7 If our car had not broken down on the way, we would have reached
home before dark. 1 mark

3.8 Joseph said that those were the numbers he had seen in a past paper the
previous day and that he thought he might pass that examination highly.
1 mark

3.9 For all his strength, he was beaten by the weakest boy in the class.
1 mark

3.10 In no way did the lazy student blame his Teacher of Physics.
1 mark

PENALTIES

1. Wrong use of tenses, wrong spellings, use of wrong words, omissions etc = 0
2. No full stops = 0
3. No capital letters where necessary = ½
4. Commas missing/misused = 1/2.

TOTAL=10 MARKS

QUESTION 3B

3.11 C 3.12 C 3.13 C 3.14 D

3.15 A 3.16 B 3.17 A 3.18 C

3.19 A

3.20 C 1
mark each

94
 241/1 HISTORY EAST AFRICA
MARKING GUIDE

(a) What were the factors for the development of the ocean trade by 1500 AD?
(CODE: D 12 MARKS)

a) It was the trade between East Coast and Asia across the Indian Ocean.
b) Carried out by coastal people like Cushites and the Bantu and foreigners like
Arabs, Greeks, Persians, Indians Egyptians etc.
c) Developed between 1000-1500AD
d) The good climate at the coast developed the trade
e) The coming of the foreign traders like Arabs, Greeks Persians Syrians
Malaysians etc
f) The presence of cushites and bantu etc. at the coast boosted the trade
g) Displacement of hunters and food gatherers
h) African middle men like nyika and mokaranga increased the trade
i) Presence of trade items e.g. gold, ivory, slave etc.
j) Introduction of Islam created unity and peace during the trade.
k) Arabic and Kiswahili eased communication and development of the trade
l) Presence of monsoon winds eased movement of foreign traders
m) Barter system of exchange of goods also enabled the trade to develop
n) The minting of coins by the coastal towns also increased the trade
o) Presence of a wide market for imports and exports provided by the coastal
people
p) The good natural harbor eased and increased the volume of trade
q) Presence of fertile soils increased food production for traders
r) Hospitality of coastal people attracted foreign traders and increased the volume
of trade
s) Presence of fresh water at the coast increased the trade and traders
t) The high demand for guns by coastal people and chiefs
u) The high demand for imports by the coastal people
v) Abundant supply of slaves for transformation of trade items at the coast and as
trade item as well
w) Presence of coastal rulers/chiefs, actively participated controlled and provided
security
x) The rise of powerful coastal towns which acted as market centers e.g. Kilwa
Mombasa Zanzibar sofara etc.
(any 12 points 1 mark@=12marks

b) Describe the organization of external trade.

(CODE:O)
a) It was also called the Indian ocean trade or orien trade.
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b) It was trade between the coastal people of East Africa and foreigners
c) Foreign participants included Indians Egyptians Greeks Persians Arabs
d) Local participants included Bantu and Cushites
e) The trade was conducted mainly through the Indian ocean
f) And others through the red sea and med sea
g) Foreigners were transported by Dhows blown by monsoon winds
h) From Nov-April the wind blew towards Africa while from May-October, they
blew N.East to Asian continent.
i) Head portage/slave/footing was used as means of transport by the coastal people
j) The coastal ruler/chief controlled the trade
k) Foreigners didn’t enter the interior of E.Africa due to fear of hostile tribes, wild
animals, diseases etc.
l) Barter was the medium of exchange
m) Sometime cowries shells from Maldives were used as currency
n) Gold and copper coins were later used when coastal towns like Kilwa started
minting them
o) East Africa major exports were ivory, slaves and gold
p) Other exports included skins copper gun tortoise shells etc.
q) While imports were silk swords glassware spices clothes beads etc.
r) The coastal people exchanged goods with the interior like the macaranga
s) Through intermediaries like the Nyika
t) Gold was got from mwenomotapa
u) Kilwa and sofala were the major gold trade centers
v) Slaves were obtained through raids and were sold at the coast
w) Ivory was obtained from the interior by killing elephants
x) Kiswahili was used as a medium of communication during the trade
y) The main trading centers were Kilwa, Mombasa Sofala, Mogadishu etc
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 MRK@ = 13 MRKS)

96
2a How did the Portuguese gain control of the East Africa coast between 1497and
1510? (CODE: C)

a) Portuguese were the first group of Europeans to come, occupy and rule the
E.African coast
b) They came from Ibellian peninsular from a country Portugal
c) The decision for the conquest was taken after Vasco da Gama’s first visit to
India(1497-98) and his report in1499
d) The main reasons were the deep natural harbor, the profitable trade etc.
e) In 1500 Pedro Alvares Cabral made an unsuccessful attack on Sofala and the Gold
trade
f) In 1502 Vasco da Gama with 19 ships attacked Kilwa, he was successful
g) He captured the Sultan’s palace and imprisoned sultan Ibrahim
h) The sultan was later set free after accepting the Portuguese rule and to pay tributes
i) In 1503 Ruy Laurence Ravasco captured Zanzibar, Mafia and the other small
coastal towns all were forced to pay tribute
j) In 1504 Lopez Suarez tried to attack Kilwa but failed
k) The gold trade was disrupted sultan refused to pay tribute to Portugal
l) In 1505, Francisco D’Almeida with 20 ships and 1500 soldier attacked Sofala,
Kilwa and Mombasa
m) Sofala surrendered without struggle and was made to pay tributes
n) Kilwa town was attacked next but the sultan and his men had run away
o) Kilwa was looted and burnt
p) Mombasa was attacked but was defeated, looted and burnt
q) D’Almeida left work of conquest of other towns in the North to Junior
commanders
r) Stones forts were built at Sofala and Kilwa
s) Between 1506-7, Tristao da Cunnah invaded Oja Brava Lamu and Scotra
t) Lamu surrendered without any struggle and she was made to pay tributes
u) Oja and Brava tried to resist but were defeated, looted and burnt
v) In 1509, Alfonso D’Alberqueque captured the island of Mafia, Pemba and
Zanzibar and made them pay tribute
w) Alfonso also defeated an army from Egypt at Diu
x) In 1509, Dom Duarte Demos visited the E.A coast with the aim of collecting
tributes which had not been paid
y) By 1510, the whole of E.A coast had been successfully captured by Portuguese.
b) What were the effects of the Portuguese rule on the coastal people?(CODE: E)

a) The Portuguese controlled the coast to close to 200 years.

b) The Portuguese broke moslem monopoly of the Indian ocean trade
c) Contributed to the decline of the trade in Gold, Ivory and slaves due to wars.
d) Most of the old coastal towns declined
97
 e) Some coastal towns were burnt and destroyed e.g. Mombasa and Kilwa
f) The Portuguese raided the E.A coastal towns which results into destruction of the
crops and property
g) Famine resulted at the coast as a result of the Portuguese rule
h) The Portuguese agents were brutal, inefficient and corrupt
i) Their brutality led to loss of lives at the coast
j) Heavy taxes were imposed on coastal people
k) Their presence on the coast increased insecurity
l) The Portuguese brought new food crops and fruits e.g. cassava, maize, pineapple
and pawpaw’s
m) Added few words to Kiswahili e.g. meza and pesa
n) The Portuguese introduced new games like playing cards
o) Encouraged the use of cow dung as soil fertilizer
p) Portuguese made improvements in ship building
q) They introduced new architecture of building e.g. use of bricks
r) Portuguese introduced Christianity but failed to spread
s) Built fort Jesus which became a tourist attraction
t) Established strong links between E.A and outside world
u) The effects of the Portuguese rule were mostly negative
v) The effects were also social political and economic
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 MRK@=13)

3a Describe the origin of the Bachwezi (CODE : O)

a) The origin of the Bachwezi was not clear/unknown

b) They were believed to have come from North or North East
c) They were believed to have come from Greece, Egypt, Portugal etc.
d) Others believed that were Cushites or Galla from Ethiopia. E1; others believed
that they were Bantu speaking people
e) They were tall and light skinned people
f) They were believed to be demi-gods and performed miracles
g) They were the founder of Bunyoro Kitara empire kingdom after the
disappearance of the Tembuzi
h) They moved south wards and settled in the interlacustrine region of East Africa
i) They were cattle keepers who kept long horned cattle
j) They established themselves at ease among the Bantu
k) They were great sports men
l) They were known with different names as Tutsi, Hindu, Hima etc.
m) Their first leader was Ndahura and the last one was Wamara
n) Their capital was at Bigo-Byamugenyi
o) They were normal human beings but not like the Tembuzi
(ANY 12 POINTS 1 MARK @ = 12 MARKS)
98
b) Why did the Chwezi empire empire decline? (CODE D) 13marks

a) The reasons for the collapse of the Chwezi empire were not clear
b) The empire started declining at the beginning of 16th century
c) Constant struggles for power among the princes (civil wars) weakened the
empire
d) There were also local revolts from the Bantu cultivators which weakened the
empire
e) The death of the darling cow, Bihogo was another reason for the decline of the
empire
f) The poor interpretation of the death of Bihogo by Fortune-tellers as misfortune
g) Out break of drought led to the decline of the empire
h) Locust invasion of the area led to the decline of the empire
i) Out break of epidemic diseases like small pox, Nagana contributed to the
collapse of the empire
j) The Chwezi empire had grown too big in size and hard to be controlled
k) The death of the able leaders like Wamala
l) The absence of able leaders after the death of Wamala
m) The increased weakness led to breaking away of vassal states e.g. Buganda
hence decline
n) Military weakness also contributed to the decline of the empire
o) Chwezi rulers were also oppressive and therefore hated by their subjects hence
decline
p) The decline of the Chwezi economy also led to the decline of the empire
q) The Chwezi lost popularity when the people realized that were not demi-gods.
This led to the collapse of the empire
r) The Chwezi were believed to have left voluntarily on the eve of Luo invasion
s) The last blow was the Luo invasion of the area
t) The reasons for the decline of the empire were mainly due to internal weakness.
OR ; The factors for the decline were social, political and economic

99
4a Why were the Ngoni invasion of E.Africa successful?(CODE S) 12 marks

a) The Ngoni were Nguni speaking people

b) They originally lived in south-Eastern Africa in Natal
c) Their migration was sparked off by the expansionist wars of Zulu under shaka
zulu in 1820s
d) The reasons for success were political and military
e) They captured many younger men whom they turned into warriors
f) They also took women for wives which increased the number and outnumbered
the enemies
g) Ngoni had an outstanding military organization
h) They had well trained soldiers divided into fighting units (impis)
i) Had an age set system as the basis of military regiments
j) The Ngoni were experienced fighters in large scale warfare
k) The Ngoni had superior tactics weapons e.g. Assegai( short stabbing spear and
large cowhide shield)
l) Had superior tactics of attacking their enemies like cow-horn formation,
surprise attacks etc.
m) They also preferred fighting in open and bare footed which facilitated mobility
n) Societies confronted were small and quite weak in organization
o) The societies were disunited and ever at war with each other
p) The Ngoni were determined fighters ie had morale and courage to fight
q) Had able and strong leaders who united people and led to war e.g.
Zwangendaba, Maputo, Zulu, Gama etc.
r) The Ngoni fighters were also loyal and united under their leaders and
commanders
s) Ngoni kept the morale of the army high by promising them rewards after
victory
t) They were not affected by Famine because they always looted food whenever
they passed

100
 B) How did their migration and settlement affect the people of East Africa?

a) Created a period of wars in East Africa

b) Some societies learnt Ngoni military tactics e.g. cow-horn formation, surprise
attacks etc.
c) Chief Mirambo later used the same tactics to built a strong Nyamwezi empire
d) The Ngoni led to massive loss of lives
e) They encouraged and absorbed the people into Ngoni culture
f) The Ngoni led to creation of strong centralized societies in East Africa
g) There was also massive destruction of property where they settled
h) Burning of villages and general breakdown of societies
i) They resulted into a period of insecurity, turmoil and chaos
j) There was increased slave raids causing untold sufferings
k) The Ngoni led to heavy depopulation especially in southern Tanzania due to
loss of lives
l) Nguni language influenced the local languages
m) Their invasion disrupted long distance trade in East Africa
n) Many societies were detribalized
o) Famine resulted due to disruption of agriculture
p) The Ngoni looted so many cows
q) They led to creation of Ruga Ruga as mercenary force
r) Mirambo used the Ruga Ruga to build his Nyamwezi empire
s) The Ngoni led to creation of the maviti a group of high way robbers
t) Initially the population increased in E.A
u) Their weapons were also adopted in E.A e.g. assegai, shield, sandals etc.
v) The Hehe were able to use Ngoni tactics and put up a strong resistance against
the Germans
w) Their migration created a new generation of war Lords and leaders e.g.
Nyungu, Nyamawe, Mirambo, Munyungumba etc.
x) There was intermarriage with local people
y) Led to displacement of local people
z) The effects of the Ngoni were both positive and negative OR were political
social and economic
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 MARK @ = 13 MARKS)

5a Explain the problems faced by the abolitionists of slave trade in East Africa.
(CODE: P 13 MARKS)

a) Slave trade was the buying and selling of human beings into slavery
b) Slave trade increased between mid-18th and 19th centuries
c) The abolition campaigns started during the 19 th century
d) Britain shouldered the campaign alone
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 e) There was limited personnel of British anti-slave campaign to enforce the
abolition
f) It was a profitable trade for African chiefs and kings and were not willing to
stop it
g) There was no alternative sources of income to those engaged in slave trade
h) The Arabs and Swahili traders found it very profitable and could not accept to
stop it
i) The anti-slave crusade and did not have enough funds
j) There was lack of co-operation/ pil-will from the other European countries e.g.
France Portugal Spain etc.
k) The Indian ocean through which slaves passed was too wide for effective patrol
l) There was lack of enough equipment to use by the anti-slave crusade e.g. ships
m) There were no land patrols in the interior of EA
n) Slave traders some times disguised themselves under American flag and could
move with slaves unchecked
o) Slavery was acceptable in some African customs. There African chiefs failed to
stop it because nothing was wrong with it
p) There was lack of alternative transport to replace head pottery
q) No thorough resettlement programme was made before the abolition kicked off
r) Arab slave traders were well armed
s) Freed slaves were also reluctant to be free
t) The anti-slave squadron did not have enough geographical knowledge of the
areas
u) The abolitionists feared the tropical diseases e.g. malaria
v) The harsh climate of E.A was a big problem to the abolitionists
w) Hostilities faced by the abolitionists from African tribes from African tribes e.g.
Nandi, Yao, Masai etc.
x) Abolitionists feared to penetrate the interior because of wild animals e.g. lions,
leopards, etc.
y) The geographical barriers were also a problem to the abolitionists
z) Sais Sayyid did not want to anger those who were engaged in it
aa) Coastal leaders e.g. Said Sayyid and Bargash were not ready to enforce the
abolition treaties
bb) Sometimes the slave traders threw the slaves in the water of the Indian ocean
when they met the anti-slave patrols
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 MARK @ = 13 MARKS)

b. How did the abolition of slave trade affect the people of East Africa? (CODE:A
12marks

a) Former slave trading states e.g yao, Nyamwezi etc. declined

b) The Zanzibar slave market were closed

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 c) It increased population in E .Africans there were no more human export
d) There was improved security due to absence of slave raids
e) Human dignity was restored as people were no longer chained
f) A mission site was set up where Zanzibar slave market was
g) There was an increase in food and crop production because of security
h) Famine was reduced as a result of increased food production
i) More European entered the interior due to existence of peace and security e.g.
missionaries, explorers, traders etc.
j) Christianity was widely spread in the interior
k) Colonial rule was established over E.Africa
l) E.African lost independence to the Europeans
m) African who depended on slave trade lost wealth and became poorer
n) Legitimate trade was introduced to replace slave trade
o) Freed slave homes and stations were set up e.g. at bagamoyo and free town
p) Railway lines and roads were constructed to improve transport system
q) Former caravan recites later developed in major communication lines
r) There was a decrease in the inter-tribal wars
s) Cash crops were introduced in the interior e.g. cotton, coffee, tea etc.
t) Societies which depended on slave raiding found it difficult to adjust to a new
life
u) The effects of abolition of slave trade were political, social and economic OR
Were positive and negative.

(ANY 12 points 1 mark@=12 marks)

6. Explain the role of the following in the colonization of East Africa.

A) Imperial British East African Company

(CODE :I 13 marks)

a) It was founded in 1888 by William mack non.

b) It operated in Uganda and Kenya for the behalf of the British colonial Officers
c) It promoted agriculture/cash crop growing upon which the colonial economy
thrived
d) Promoted legitimate trade, profits of which attracted the colonialists
e) Stopped/decompaigned slave trade which created peace and security for the
colonialist to take over E.Africa
f) It provided information about African mineral and other resources which
attracted the colonialists
g) The company protected Christian missionaries in E.Africa who were fore
runners of colonialism

103
h) It set up infrastructures like roads, railway etc. which eased transport and
communication for the colonialists
i) It signed treaties with local chiefs e.g. mwanga which later acted as a proof for
colonialism
j) It provided administration to rule on the behalf of the colonial masters e.g.
F.Lugard for Britain
k) Set up administrative headquarters ,forts and garrisons like old Kampala Fort
which later were used by colonialize as administrative bases
l) Suppressed the early resistances against colonial thus created peaceful
atmosphere for colonial masters
m) It provided guns to some chief who were collaborators for security purposes
e.g. Kasagama of Toro
n) It provided funds to colonialist to run the cost of administrative in their areas of
influence
o) When IBEACO became bankrupt, it surrendered its charter its home
government to take over
p) It established armies that were used in colonial administration
q) It provided home gov’t information about hostile and hospitable tribe thus
enabled the colonialist to know how to deal with them
r) Gave Jobs and gifts to natives who later supported the colonial rule
s) Supported white settlers in Kenya who were agents of colonial government
t) IBEACO transacted business which generated financed used to run colonial rule
u) After the collapse of the company, the assets were taken over by the colonial
government to extend colonial rule
v) It divided African, making it easy for the European to rule them

(ANY 13 points 1 mark @=13 marks)

(b) German East African Company (GEACO)
(CODE:G 12marks)
a) It was founded by Carl Peters in 1884
b) It operated in Tanganyika on the behalf of the German colonial masters
c) It promoted agriculture/cash crop growing upon which the colonial economy
thrived
d) It promoted legitimate trade and the profits attracted the colonialists to E.A
e) Decampaigned /stopped slave trade which created peace and security for the
colonialists
f) Provided information about E.African minerals and other resources which
attracted the colonialist to exploit
g) Protected Christian missionaries in E.Africa who were fore runners of
colonialism
h) Signed treaties with African chief e.g. chief of Usambara etc. i.e. over 120
treaties were signed which later acted as proof of colonialism
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 i) It set up infrastructures like roads, railway line etc. which eased transport and
communication for the colonialist
j) It provided administrators to rule on the behalf of the colonial masters eg.Karl
Peters,Akidas and Jumbes.
k) It opened up administrative stations in Usagara, Vinza, Pangani etc which were
a basis for German Colonial administration.
l) Faught and defeated rebellions societies e.g. the coastal Arab thus created peace
and security for the colonialists to take over
m) It provided initial funds to run the costs of administration in their areas of
influence
n) When it became bankrupt,GEACO surrendered its charter to its home gov’t to
take over
o) It gave jobs and gifts to natives of E.Africa who later supported the colonial rule
p) Transacted business which generated income/finance used to run the colonial
rule
q) Its conflict with IBEACO,brought in colonialist leadership to 1886 and 1890
Anglo –German agreement
r) After the collapse the company ,its assets were taken over by the colonial gov’t
to extend colonialism
(ANY 12 POINTS 1 mark @=12 marks)

7(a) What were the provisions of 1900 Buganda Agreement

(CODE P 12 marks)

a) It was signed by Kabaka of Buganda’s regents i.e. Kaggwa ,Mugwanya

,Kisingiri and the British Commissioner sir Harry Johnson
b) It was signed on 10th March 1900 at Mengo
c) The key term/provisions of the agreement were on Land ,Finance ,boundaries
and system of governance
d) Buganda’s land was to be divided into two i.e. Mailo land(free hold) and
Crown land
e) Mailo was to be given to the kabaka ,his family members and chiefs
f) The kabaka was to get 350 square miles ,princes 22 square miles ,the Queen
mother 10 and the saza chiefs 8 square miles each
g) Each of them was to receive a free land title
h) Peasants settling on mailo land were to pay rent (Busuulu) to landlords
i) Crown land ie 9000mm/s2 was to be reserved to protectorate gov’t and the
queen of England
j) A hut and gun tax of 3 rupees was to be introduced i.e. all male of 18 years and
above were to pay tax
k) All revenue collected from Buganda was to be merged with those of other
protectorate
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 l) No any other tax was to be introduced with the consent of the British
m) The collection of tributes by Bgd from the neighboring states was to be stopped
forth with
n) All chiefs in Buganda including the Kabaka were to be paid monthly salary
o) All natural resources were to be in the hands of the protectorate gov’t
p) The growing of cash crops was to be encouraged by the protectorate gov’t
q) Buganda was to be one of the provinces that make up Uganda
r) The kabaka was to be referred to as “His royal highness”
s) Kabaka’s successors were to be chosen from the royal family by the lukiiko and
confirmed by the British gov’t
t) The kabaka was to exercise direct rule over Buganda and to administer Justice
through Lukiiko
u) The composition of Lukiiko was to be fixed at 89 members i.e. 60 notable ,20
saza chiefs ,06 nominees and 03 ministers
v) Buganda was to be subdivided into 20 countries including the 2 lost countries
captured from Bunyoro (BUYAGA AND Bugangaizi /Ndaiga)
w) The kabaka was to appoint chiefs who were to be approved by the protectorate
gov’t
x) Chiefs were to look after public works ,law and order and tax collection
y) Buganda laws were to remain in place as longer as they don’t conflict with those
of the protectorate
z) Cases involving the foreigners were to be handled by the protectorate gov’t
aa) Kabaka was to have his army but with the approval from the protectorate
bb) Daudi Chwa II was to be recognized as the kabaka and kingship was to be
limited to MUTESA’S lineage
cc) Buganda’s boundaries were to be redefined
dd) The two countries of Buyaga and Bugangaizi were to be added to Buganda
(Any 12 POINTS 1 mark@=12 marks)

(b)What were the effects of Agreement on the people of Uganda:

(CODE: E 13 marks)

a) Bgd lost independence as it became a province with in the British protectorate

b) Kabaka’s power were greatly reduced
c) His political power were reduced to a constitutional monarchy
d) He lost power over land distribution and power to control the chief who also
became a public servant
e) The kabaka was reduced to an employee of the British and paid monthly salary
f) Kabaka lost his military power since he could not raise an army without the
British consent
g) He lost the Judicial power ie He was nolonger the final court of appeal i.e. He
was nolonger the final court of appeal and cannot pass death sentence
106
h) The agreement led to loss of Kabaka power over revenue (Finance)
i) The traditional chiefs and clan heads lost their power ,traditional functions and
privileges
j) The agreement empowered chiefs who collaborated with the British
k) The agreement laid foundation for signing similar agreements with other areas
eg Toro (1900),Ankole(1901) ,Bunyoro(1903) etc
l) It encouraged the growing of cash crops in Bgd /Uganda eg cotton,coffee,tea etc
m) The agreement put Bgd in a special position in the protectorate ie mode Bgd in
a special position in the protectorate i.e. mode Bgd to be “a state in a state”
n) The agreement confirmed and formalized the British rule over Bgd and Uganda
as a whole
o) Poll tax and hut tax were introduced
p) Led to congestion of people in small hut due to paying of taxes
q) Taxes led to migration of people to areas where the colonial rule was not yet
effective
r) The giving of land to the kabaka ‘s chief s created a new class of land lords
s) It led to Bataka federation against the unfair land allocation\
t) It also created land anstrocracy in Buganda
u) This also led to emergency of new class of Squatters/tenants/landless people in
Buganda
v) The lukiiko was given parliamentary power ie became the legislative
w) The agreement end ended religious wars which had destabilized Buganda
x) The treaty re-defined the boundaries of bgd to 20 countries including the two
from bunyoro i.e. Buyaga and Bugangaizi
y) The countries were allocated on religious basis i.e. protestants(10), Catholic(08)
and Muslims(02)
z) Buganda lost large chunks of land (crown land) to the British
aa) The treaty promoted the development of roads, schools ,hospitals etc. in
Buganda
bb) The police and the army were created to help in the maintenance of law and
order
cc) The agreement promoted the exploitation of Bgd/Uganda Natural resources e.g.
mineral ,forest etc.
dd) It led to growth of Nationalism among the p’ple of Bgd
ee) The treaty benefited both Bgd and the British but the British were the most
beneficiaries
Or The effects were positive and negative
OR the effects were pol, soc, and economic
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 MARK@=13marks)

107
8(a)Why did the Hehe rise against the Germans in Tanganyika between 1890-1898?

(CODE H 13 marks)

a) It was one of the earlier resistances against the German rule in Tanganyika led
by chief Mukwawa
b) Ti was sometimes referred to as mkwawa rebellion
c) The Hehe were led by their power leader mkwawa a son of munyangumba
d) The hehe resisted the Germans for a period of 8 years in a guerrilla war –fare
e) The reason for the resistance were pol,soc and economic
f) Mkwawa of the Hehe had built a powerful military state ,so he refused to submit
to the German rule
g) The Germans had stopped mkwawa’s expansionist raids against the neighbours
which angered the Hehe
h) The hehe refused to leave the long distance trade route from Tabora to
Bagamoyo which the Germans wanted to take control of it
i) The Germans despised the Hehe and called them backward and uncivilized
annoyed them hence rebellion
j) The Germans refused to pay taxes to Mkwawa and reacted by closing all trade
routes
k) The German killing of Mkwawa’s diplomatic envoy angered the Hehe hence
rebellion
l) The Germans had subjected the hehe to forced labour on public works
m) The Hehe were angered by the German act of despising the culture calling it
satanic& barbaric
n) The hehe had the desire to maintain their independence
o) The hehe were against heavy taxation of the German(Hongo)
p) Hehe resisted due to land grabbing of the Germans
q) Mkwawa’s characters ie big headed, arrogant and unpredictable ruler annoyed
the German
r) Able leadership ie the Hehe were led by Mkwawa
s) The Hehe resisted because they expected support from chief chabruma of the
Ngoni and chief Siki of Tobora.
(ANY 13 POINTS 1mark@ 13marks)
(b)Why were the Hehe deafeted?
(CODE:D 12marks)
a) Mkwawa and his force were defeated due to disunity among the hehe people
b) The hehe traitor chief betrayed Mkwawa’s hinding place to the Germans
c) The hehe did not have sufficient modern weapons
d) The hehe fighters lacked enough miltary training as compared to the Germans
e) Hehe lacked a strong sense of Nationalism
f) The hehe lacked support from the neighbours
108
 g) The hehe had had a small army as compared to a larger force of the German
h) The hehe had inferior weapons as compared to German modern weapons
i) The German hired ruthless mercenaries like the Zulu,Somali ,Nubians etc
j) The long period of fighting and drought weakened the Hehe fighters hence
defeat
k) The Hehe lack astrong economy to sustain the war for so long ie the Hehe were
poor
l) The Germans were determined to take over the area
m) The outbreak of diseases like typhoid,cholera etc weakened the hehe fighters
thus defeat
n) The German use of scorched policy weakened the hehe
o) It resulted in famine which weakened mkwawa army to fight
p) Germans used intimidation eg cut off Mkwawa’s head demoralized Hehe
fighters and surrendered
q) Germans were military superior and better trained
r) Hehe did not have strong leader after the death of mkwawa
s) The hehe had poor methods/tactic of war fare e.g hiding ,pitched battle fields
etc.
t) The storming and capture of Mkwawa’s capital at Kalenga weakened the Hehe
hence defeat
u) The reason for the defeat of the hehe were internal and external
OR were pol. Economic and Military.
(ANY 12 points 1 mark @=12 marks)

9(a) Why was Mombasa-Kisum railway line built?

(CODE:B 12 marks)

a) It was also called the Uganda railway

b) The construction began on 30th May 1896 at Kilindini (Mombasa)
c) George white house was the chief engineer
d) The reasons for its construction were political ,social and economic
e) To enable the british gov’t to establish firm control over their spheres of
influence ie Uganda and Kenya
f) To provide easy transport for arms and soldiers into the interior of East
AFRICA
g) To enable Britain to gain access of Uganda to control the source of the Nile
h) In order to help in the abolition of slave trade
i) To make it possible to develop the interior for agriculture and other economic
activities
j) To provide an alternative for other forms of trade eg legitimate trade
k) The line was aimed at making Uganda’s economy self supporting
l) To make transport quicker, easier and cheaper to and from the coast
109
m) To prevent other ower from entering Uganda eg Egyptians and the Khartoumes
n) To confirm with the aims Berlin conference of 1884-5 by fulfilling the principle
of effective occupation
o) To facilitate missionary activities in the interior of East Africa
p) To link Uganda a land-locked country to outside world
q) To promote the explanation and transportation of bulky mineral resources e.g
copper, gold etc from the interior to the coast
r) To encourage agriculture among the white settlers in Kenya
s) To open up the interior for trade and commerce
t) To act a link between E.Africa and Egypt
(ANY 12 points 1mark@=12 marks)
(c) What were the hardships faced during the construction?
(CODE H 13 marks)

a) Limited capital for the consteruction

b) Initially it was estimated at 2million pounds but costed up to 8 million
pounds
c) Wrangles developed in the British parliament because they saw no-
economic value of railway
d) The construction took long time to be be completed ie about 6 year from 30th
/05/ 1896 to 09th /12/1901
e) The line employed so many worker,3200 Indian coolies and 500 clerical
staff
f) African habourers eg Akamba were reluctant to on the line
g) The few African who volunteered to work did not want to go beyond their
homeland
h) The indian coolies suffered from Jiggers
i) The European official suffered from tropical diseases eg malaria and many
died
j) In 1899,small pox epidemic hit the area which led to death of Europeans
,Indians and Africans
k) The Nyika land esp. Taru plateau desert were dry and water less
l) Other areas had heavy rain which made the work to stop because of floods
m) The Builders faced a problem of wild animals esp. Man eater of Tsavo
n) The floods washed away the already laid rails
o) The effort to kill the man –eaters failed until they were shot dead by colonial
Paterson
p) The severe drought made the work difficult
q) Famine hit the area.There was no food to feed workers
r) Rice had to be imported from India to solve the situation

110
 s) Geographical features eg riftvalley,rivers ,swamps and highland caused
engineering problems
t) The hostile Nandi and Masai did not want the line/”iron snake” to cross their
land
u) The Nandi people put up a strong resistance against the construction until a
peace treaty was signed with the Nandi in 1900
v) The Nandi and Masai stole the laid rail and other equipment to make hear
rings ,neckless etc. for women
w) Effort to heat off the Nandi failed because they disappeared in the hills
x) Problem of poor transport to transport worker and building materials
y) Language barrier between the constructor &Africans
z) Hostility from the Germans
aa) There was communication problem back home
bb) There was lack of storage/port facilitation at Mombasa and in the interior
cc) Problems were political, social and economic
OR they were internal and external

(ANY 13 points 1 mark @=13 marks)

10(a) Why were the E.African countries involved in world war II

(CODE:W 12 marks)

a) It was fought between 1939 to 1945

b) The war took place in Europe
c) It was basically between German,Italy ,Japan and their allies against
Britain,France,Russia and their allies
d) East Africa was under one war Lord(Britain)
e) When the war broke out,it was impossible for E.african countries to remain
Nuetral
f) More so ,the Germans in E. Africa had conflicting opinions ,ie some supported
Hilter while others did not
g) The British were in Uganda ,Kenya & Tanzania yet back home were both
opponent war Lords
h) In neighbouring Somalia and Eritia there was Italy
i) The presence of such opponents in such areas caused suspicion and tension
j) Several battalians of kings African Riffle (KAR) were stationed on Somalia
boarders
k) Troops moved into Kenya joined by contigent from Nigeria,Gold Coast etc
l) East Africa also contributed lager sum of money to supplement on the British
war costs

111
 m) In 19940,Italy joined the war on Germany side and attacked Britain ,the K.A.R
was expanded to 30 battalians
n) Thousands of East African soldiers went to India and BURMA
o) Others went to Madagascar

(ANY 12 points 1 mark @=12 marks)

(b) What were the effects of the war on the people of East Africa?

(CODE :E 13marks)

a) The war hastened the growth of political movement (Nationalism) in East Africa
b) People developed negative attitude towards chiefs and African administrators
c) Exports declined and lack of enough skilled man power reduced production
d) The war increased the demand for sisal and cotton
e) Japan captured Malaysia with her huge rubber plantations and there for
Tanganyika had to increase rubber plantation
f) The Africans in Kenya were for the first time encouraged to produce cash crops
g) There was massive loss of lives
h) The war referans brought and spread veneral diseases and other S.T.Ds.
i) Lack of employment forced war veteran to join militant wing of Mau-Mau eg
General China
j) After world war II,Tanganyika became a trustee ship of the British under UNO
provision to wards self government
k) There was misery and suffering of many Asian,Europeans and African families
l) Many European communities began to change attitudes towards Africans for the
better
m) The british gov’t directed technical schools and institution to introduce and
produce war-equipment
n) Uganda’s coffee and cotton growers were helped by the gov’t when the price
tell to low
o) Internal and external trade were disrupted
p) There was famine and starvation of African because of general decline of
agriculture
q) The war basically had negative effects on the people of E.Africa
OR the war hold pol.soc and Econ Consequences
(ANY 13 POINTS 1 mark @=13 marks)

112
 HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA 241/4
MARKING GUIDE

1 a) Describe the organization of the Bantu in South Africa. (13 marks)

introduction
a. The bantu were the largest linguistic ethenic group of people who speak
quite a similar language with a common word “NTU”.
The Bantu are a believed tio have migrated from the Cameroon / congo
basin / central africa

Economic organization

b. They were farmers and grew crops like sorghum, millet, pumpkins etc.

c. They also kept animals like cattle, sheep and goats.

d. The bantu wealth / status in society was measured by the number of animals
one possessed / had.

e. Animals like cattle, goats, sheep were used for paying bride price among the
bantu

f. those who leaved near water bodies carried out Fishing.

g. The Bantu carried out trade with their neighbors e.g. Khoisan and Europeans
like the
Dutch and Portuguese at Delgado Bay.
i. Land was owned communally though clan leaders supervised its use and
maintenance.
j. Black smithing or iron smelting was carried out by the Bantu and made tools
like
hoes, spears, knives etc.
k. They also carried out hunting to supplement on their diet and for trade.
l. Like the Khoisan, the Bantu gathered food like honey, fruits etc.
m. The Bantu also carried out cattle raiding on their neighbours.
Social organization
n. The Bantu lived in permanent home steads.
o. The family was the smallest social unit of the society
p. The Bantu families were both nuclear and extended.
q. The Bantu built grass thatched houses where they lived.

r. Initiation ceremonies characterized their social life e.g. the Ngoni and Zulu
carried
out circumcision
113
s. Members initiated together formed an age set or age regiment.
t. The Bantu believed in spirits and ghosts since they acted as messengers of God.
u. The Bantu respected the ancestral spirits and used to offer sacrifices to their
small
gods.
v. They believed in life after death i.e. they knew that in case one died, he or she
had to
join the world of spirits.
w. They also relied on magicians for purposes of healing and protecting
themselves against evil spirits. The magicians included witch doctors, healers
etc.

x. They carried out exogamous marriages across clans

y. The Bantu were mainly polygamous though monogamy also existed.

z. Elders were highly respected and were seen as people close to God because of
their age.

aa. The elders presided over cultural matters and played an important role in the
social and political affairs.

Political organization

bb. The tribes or chiefdoms were the basic political units among the Bantu.

cc. The Bantu were highly centralized and had powerful chiefs who
administered them.

dd. The power of the chief was based on the customs and norms of the society.

ee. The Bantu could over throw their chiefs in case they abused the tribal values.

ff. The chief was the law giver and the chief judge.

gg. The chief was also the chief priest and communicated with the dead on
behalf of their relatives.

hh. The chief always came from the central/royal family.

ii. The throne of the chief was hereditary i.e. at death of the chief, he was
succeeded by the youngest son of his great wife.

jj. When the chief was young his older brother acted as a regend.

114
kk. The chief ruled with advice of senior members of the clan.

ll. The elders settled land disputes together with the senior clan members.

mm. Some elders controlled some cultural matters within the clan.

nn. The chief was assisted by the two councils i.e. the inner council and larger
council.

oo. The inner council consisted of the chiefs‟ confidential advisers and close
relatives.

pp. The council advised the chief on the daily problems in the tribe.

qq. In the matters of the great importance, the larger/wider assembly of junior
or regional chiefs was called.

ss. During the wider assembly meetings, all adult males were allowed to attend.

tt. Democracy was always exercised at the council of meetings.

uu. The wider assembly met only at the annual fruits‟ ceremonies/harvest.

vv. The chief was the leader of judicial civil military and religious affairs.

ww. The Indunas were chosen from commoner families and acted as eyes and
ears of the chief.

xx. The Bantu respected their chief as a symbol of unity and a center of loyalty.

yy. The Bantu had army which was to defend the tribe against external and
internal enemies

b) How did their migration and settlement affect the peoples of South Africa?

(12marks)

a. The settlement of the Bantu in South Africa affected the early inhabitants
(Khoikhoi and San) both positively and negatively as explained below;

b. Their settlement led to increased population in South Africa since they came
in big numbers.

c. The Bantu lived side by side with the Khoisan and mixed freely with the
Khoisan.

115
d. Intermarriages took place between the Khoisan and the Bantu in all areas
where they settled. This gave birth to the Thembu tribe.

e. The Khoisan learnt the art of iron smelting from the Bantu. As a result, the
Khoisan dropped their weaker weapons and tools made out of stones and
bones and started producing iron tools like bows, spears, pangas, hoes and
axes.

f. The Bantu introduced new crops to the Khoisan like millet, yams, pumpkins,
beans, sorghum and calabashes among others.

g. The Khoisan later learnt agriculture from the Bantu. And because of
agriculture, the adopted a settled life

B = Introduction = 01 + body = 12 = 13

13
2 a) Why were the Dutch interested in the Cape during the 17 th Century?

(12 marks)

a. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in South Africa and this was
in the 17th century.
b. For much of the 16th century, the Dutch were part of the Spanish empire.
c. However, in 1572 the Dutch won their Independence and they therefore
decided to participate in the Indian and Atlantic trade which had been
dominated by the Spanish and Portuguese.
d. In order to effectively control trade specially in spices, the Dutch
merchants formed the Dutch East India Company (DEICO).

h. It was this company which carried out the duty of discovering the sea route
to India as well as promoting trade between the Far East and Holland.

i. While the Dutch were on their way to the Far East, their ship Haarlem
capsized/ got an accident in 1647 at Table Bay near the Cape of Good
Hope and the survivors were able to swim up to the shores.

j. The survivors stayed for a period of six months while repairing the ship.

k. In the process, they discovered many good things about the Cape which
influenced them to make a report back home.

l. The government of Holland decided to establish a settlement at the Cape.

116
m. On 6th 1652, the first group of Dutch settlers arrived at the Cape, sent by the
Dutch East India Company on behalf of the Dutch government.

n. The group was led by Jan Van Riebeck who arrived at the Cape with three
ships to establish a Dutch settlement at the Cape. Events that shaped the History
of South Africa

o. The Portuguese success in the Far East forced the Dutch to settle at the Cape.
The Portuguese had successfully controlled the Indian Ocean trade and this
influenced the Dutch to come and also carry out trade.

p. The strategic location of the cape led to their settlement i.e. the Cape was mid-
way between Europe and the Far East (Asia) which would act as a resting centre
so as to break the long tiresome journey.

q. The establishment of the Dutch East Indian company (DEICO) gave way for
the Dutch to settle in South Africa i.e. sponsored the first Dutch settlers under
Jan Van Riebeck.

r. The Dutch wanted to use the Cape as a workshop for repairing broken ships
as well as re refueling their ships.

s. The Dutch wanted to set up a Fort (military base) so as to protect the Dutch
sailors from other Europeans.

t. The Cape had a good Mediterranean climate which favoured the growing of
vegetables, fruits, animal rearing and human settlement.

u. They wanted to get meat from the Khoikhoi who were cattle keepers so as to

overcome the problem of food shortages while on their journies.

v. They wanted to establish a medical Centre or sick bay to treat the Dutch
sailors and soldiers.

w. The Cape had fertile soils which the Dutch farmers wanted for growing
vegetables and fruits for the sailors.

x. The Cape had good natural harbours like Table Bay which would enable the
easy landing of ships for trade as well as for protection from their enemies.

y. The need to collect taxes from incoming and out-going ships at the Cape made
the Dutch to settle there.

z. They wanted to revenge against Spain which had ruled or colonized them to
1572.
117
aa. The Cape had plenty of unoccupied land that the Dutch hoped to use for
their economic activities as well as expanding their settlement.

bb. The hospitality of the local people especially the Khoikhoi also encouraged
the Dutch to settle at the Cape.

cc. They wanted to take over control of trade in the Far East especially in spices.
This would only be achieved if they controlled the Cape where most of the ships
passed while going to the Far East.

dd. The Island of St. Helena that had for many years supplied the Dutch sailors
with fresh fruits had by the 17th century ran short of such fruits and so the Cape
would act as an alternative.

ee. They wanted to avoid the occupation of the Cape by the English merchants
who were strongly competing with the Dutch.

ff. The accidental breakdown of the Haarlem ship in 1647 encouraged survivors
to give good reports about the Cape to the Dutch government and this
encouraged the Dutch to come and settle there.

gg. The courage of Jan Van Riebeck who led the first settlers in 1652 gave more
courage to other Dutch to come and settle at the Cape.

hh. The Cape was also free from many dangerous tropical diseases like malaria.

A = I + B = 12

01 11 12
b) Explain the role played by Jan van Reibeck in the establishment of the
cape colony. (13marks)
Riebeck was born on 21st April 1619 in Culemburg in Holland.

a. He was the son of Anthiusias Van Riebeck a medical doctor.

b. Riebeck qualified as a Physician and later took charge of the company

trading post at Tongkins (Vietnam).

c. He was a hardworking and enterprising man.

The Dutch Haarlem ship wreckage gave him an opportunity to start a
home of the Dutch at the cape.

118
d. On 6th April 1652, he arrived at Table Bay using three ships e.g.
Reisger, Drommendaris and Goedehwap with about 130 people.

e. He therefore pioneered the Dutch settlement at Table Bay in South

Africa.

f. He led the first official European settlement at Table Bay i.e. DEICO
group.

g. He established a home or calling station for the Dutch settlers in South

Africa on instruction of the Company directors.

h. He implemented the instructions given to him by the directors of the

DEICO.

i. H constructed a temporary hospital and vegetable gardens at Table

Bay for the Dutch settlers.

j. He endured initial problems at the cape and regarded himself as an

engineer, digger, carpenter etc.

k. He put in place a fort/Garrison at the Cape of Good Hope which had

a castle. The fort accommodated 70 soldiers by 1662.

l. He was appointed as the commander of the expedition.

m. He also became the first governor of the Dutch colony at the cape.

n. He protected the Dutch settlers against the Khoikhoi in South Africa.

o. He established a trading section at the cape.

p. He set up a food growing center at the cape for the Dutch settlers i.e.
grew vegetables, fruits etc.

q. He gave colonists about thirteen and ahalf (131/2) in the Liesbeck

valley.

r. He recommended the expansion of the cape colony and brought more

land under the company control.

119
s. He imported and encouraged slave labour from Java, Madagascar and
West Africa.

B= B + C = 13
12 01 13

3. a) why did the Bantu tribes conflict among themselves in south

Africa between 1820 and 1834 (13 marks)
a. This was the Mfecane. The word mfecane has been described
variously by different communities. To the Nguni speakers, it was a
period / time of trouble / suffering.
While to the Sotho-Tswana speakers, it was called “Difecane” to mean
a period of
crushing, scattering and forced migration of communities across their
lands (High veeld)
Others called it “Lifecane” still meaning a period of suffering and
misery.

This period is also commonly known as the Nguni Revolution of the

19th Century.

it is believed to have occurred in the first 30 years of the 19th century,

particularly between 1800 and 1830.

It took place among the Eastern Bantu tribes like the Zulu, Ndwandwe,
Mthethwa,
Ngwane (later Swazi), Tlokwa, Thembu, Hlubi and Khumalo.

The crisis started in Northern Zulu land (Modern Natal) and later
spread to other

Bantu tribes in Central Africa before spreading to parts of East Africa.

It reached its worst state during the time of Shaka, the king of the Zulu
kingdom.

Body (12 marks)

b. The rise to power of ambitious and war-like leaders like

Dingiswayo of the Mthethwa,

120
 Sobhuza 1 of the Ngwane (later Swazi) and Zwide of the Ndwandwe
caused trouble.

c. The desire to create large empires by the leaders caused wars and
trouble in the region.

d. The inter-tribal wars among the Eastern Bantu tribes like Mthethwa
against Ndwandwe as well as Ngwane against Ndwandwe opened
the gates for the first phase of the Mfecane period.

e. The increased population of human beings in Natal or South East

Africa caused land problem which led to the wars among the
Eastern Bantu tribes.

f. The competition among the different Bantu tribes for areas with
favourable climate for human settlement and agriculture led to
conflicts among Bantu tribes.

g. The competition for areas with fertile soils that could favour
farming also led to Mfecane wars.

h. The struggle for grazing land as well as good pasture and water
for animals in Natal caused the great Mfecane period.

i. The competition and greed for cattle and other forms of wealth
caused constant raids and counter raids which caused fights among
the Bantu tribes.

j. The stiff competition for the control over trade between Africans and
Europeans like the at Delagoa Bay and the Africans led to more
conflicts

k. The presence of harsh natural conditions like drought caused

famine and starvation hence increasing the struggle to overcome
famine leading to Mfecane.

l. The presence of desperate groups of refugees like the Fingo who

could even resort to cannibalism increased trouble and suffering in
the region.

121
m. The meeting and friendship of Dingiswayo of Mthethwa with a
European Doctor Robert Cowen who gave him a gun and a horse
and also taught him how to use a gun caused wars.

n. The great Trek / expansion of the whites especially the Boers into
Zulu land caused more pressure among the Bantu people which
increased the conflicts.

o. The killing of Dingiswayo and later Zwide increased fighting

among the Bantu tribes in their areas so as to replace the above
powerful leaders.

p. The introduction of guns among Nguni tribes and the struggle for
power among them also caused more conflicts.

q. The rise of Shaka to power in Zulu land increased the Mfecane

(trouble) in the region his miserable childhood due to being born
out of a royal scandal / his father was not yet circumcised made
him to be unwanted and regarded as an illegitimate child or bastard
which gave him a unique character of having no feelings for the
suffering people i.e. he was cruel.

r. Shaka‟s early experience with Dingiswayo of the Mthethwa

people made him to learn political and military skills which he later
used to fight wars and this resulted into Mfecane.

s. Shaka‟s military reforms and the desire to create large political

units caused a lot of suffering to his people for example:

t. Shaka introduced the idea of total war fare which increased

fighting in Zuli land.

u. The orgaanisation of the army into age-regiments by Shaka made

it more effective or stronger and therefore enabled it to fight many
offensive and defensive wars.

v. The encouragement of regular training of his force or military drills

where the Zulu warriors were taught the values of discipline,
fairness and patriotism to glorify Shaka increased wars.

w. The introduction of new fighting weapons like the short stubbing

spears and cowhide covered shields increased the morale of the
122
 soldiers to fight which caused more wars.

x. The introduction of new fighting methods like the “cow horn

method” and the use surprise attacks enabled Shaka‟s soldiers to
easily defeat their enemies which increased wars.

y. Shaka‟s expansionist policy forced him to attack his neighbours

like the Ndwandwe thus leading to Mfecane. This was because
Shaka was an aggressive person by nature.

z. Shaka‟s dictatorship caused more suffering which also increased

Mfecane.

aa. The harsh punishment given to the Zulu warriors who cowardised
(refused to fight) like death penalty forced them to fight many wars
which caused Mfecane.

bb. Shaka‟s absorption or assimilation policy of the non-Zulu people

strengthened his kingdom which encouraged him to fight more
wars.

cc. The military nature of the Zulu kingdom that was full of warriors
or soldiers increased wars
dd. The creation of special settlements or barracks by Shaka
ensured accommodation of the Zulu warriors. This made them
ready for war at any time hence increasing Mfecane.

ee. The creation of good stores or granary for each of military

settlement as state policy by Shaka endured constant food supply
and safety.

ff. The refusal of the soldiers by Shaka to marry until the age of 40
years made them available for military service at any time which
also increased wars.

gg. The making of fighting or war a real professional job among the
Zulu warriors by Shaka caused more wars as a means of survival
also increased the conflicts / Mfecane.

hh. The centralization of economic power by Shaka i.e. the king being
the sole provider and controller of everything in the Zulu kingdom

123
 increased more wars in Zulu land.

Ii. Shaka‟s policy of being the overall commander-in-chief of the army

who led his warriors in the battle field gave them morale to fight and
therefore they terrorized many tribes which increased trouble.

jj. Shaka‟s military intelligence and rare qualities like being war-like
set the stage for the Mfecane period.

kk. The war booty like the virgin girls and cows that were usually
captured increased the warriors‟ morale of fighting and this
increased wars in the region.

ll. Shaka‟s attacks on the Tlokwa and Ngwato people caused the
Mfecane. This is because the attacked people ran away and caused
problems wherever they went.

mm. The death of Nandi, Shaka‟s mother in 1827 annoyed Shaka and
made him to make a
lot of irrational decisions. For example, he declared a year of national
mourning and during this period, the mourners were refused to
cultivate, have sex, and take pleasures like milk. This caused more
suffering hence the Mfecane.

nn. There was also the killing of over 7,000 innocent Zulu people for
failure to mourn adequately which caused more confusion leading
to mfecane.

oo. The death of Shaka in 1828 robbed the kingdom one of its strongest
kings. This gave rise to weak successors like Dingane and Mpande
who got involved in power

struggles that caused more trouble in Zulu land.

A= I + B = 13
01 12 13

124
b) How did the above conflicts affected the people of south Africa
(12 marks)

a. It led to prolonged or constant wars between Zulu and their

neighbours.

b. There was great loss of lives in Zulu land and the neighbouring
areas.

c. The death of people during the Mfecane resulted into

depopulation in Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal.

d. Some leaders were killed during the Mfecane for example

Dingiswayo, Zwide and later Shaka.

e. Some weak tribes lost their land to powerful and organized

kingdoms like Zulu state
f. There was displacement of many people from Zulu land as people
were running away to safer areas like the Ngoni migration into East
Africa and the Ndebele who moved to Central Africa.

g. There was displacement of people who were forced into new lands
and others became refugees.

h. It created vacant land in Zulu that later attracted the Boers into
the interior which contributed to Great Trek and subsequent
colonization of South Africa.

i. There was population redistribution of the Bantu in South African

areas to which many people ran for safety and became over
populated like Eastern Cape, Basuto land and Swaziland.

k. It caused a lot of suffering and misery among people due to wars.

For example, many people became refugees who kept on looking
for survival like the Fingo.

l. There was loss of property due to long periods of unrest and

instability.

125
m. There was breakdown of families as many people lost their family
ties and were absorbed into Zulu culture.

n. There was disruption or weakening of societies as many people

were conquered and absorbed by the Zulu kingdom under Shaka.

o. There was a decline in agriculture due to increased fighting as

people could not settle down for cultivation which led to famine
and this forced people to resort to cannibalism like the Fingo and
Hlubi.

p. Many societies lost their large herds of cattle due to constant

raiding especially by the Zulu warriors.

q. Trade at Delagoa Bay came to a standstill due to constant fighting

thus causing acute poverty in the region.

r. There was increased slave raiding due to the wars.

s. It led to a period of fear, insecurity and tension that characterized

many societies in the region.

t. The insecurity caused by Mfecane forced people like the Basotho to

concentrate and live in hilly areas that were safer.

u. It led to rise of new and stronger states or kingdoms like the Zulu,
the Basuto and the Swazi. Some of these were formed as defensive
states against the expansion by their powerful neighbours.

v. It led to the rise of new powerful and admirable leaders like

Mosheshe of the Basuto, Sobhuza1 and Mswati of the Swazi, Shaka
of the Zulu and Mzilikazi of the Ndebele among others who
struggled to promote National unity among their people.

w. There was establishment of standing armies by different societies

so as to defend themselves against attacks.

x. A new type of leadership emerged in South Africa and this was

characterized by

126
 intelligent, brave and powerful leaders like Mosheshe, Sobhuza,
Mswati etc. who could withstand the Mfecane period.

y. It led to the introduction of new fighting tactics like the cowhorn

method of attacks.

z. It also resulted into the introduction of new military weapons like

the short stubbing spears.

aa. The neighbouring chiefs lost their authority to powerful kingdoms

like the Zulu under
bb. It led to intermarriages of people who were speaking different
languages thus leading to a common culture and unity.

cc. Due to the Mfecane, many societies were prepared to resist future
European rule like the Xhosa, Zulu and Ndebele.

dd. in conclusion the effects of the mfecan / conflicts were

positive and negative / political social and economic

B = B + C = 12
11 01 12

4. Explain the impact of the discovery of gold and diamonds in south

Africa on the following people

a) EFFECTS ON WHITES

a. The discovery increased Boer nationalism and they became more

proud and arrogant
b. It forced the Boers to unite against the British in order to protect
their mineral wealth
c. It led to the rise Powerful Boer leaders like Paul Kruger and
Thomas Burghers who came up to guard the mineral wealth and
Boer territory.
d. The Boers became richer and wealthy than before the discovery
of the minerals and their standards of living increased.

127
e. The Boers started getting international recognition due to control
of the mineral wealth.
f. The Boers were put into an industrial revolution as many
manufacturing and agro-processing industries were set up in the
mining areas.
g. Boer states emerged from being Poor to being wealthy due to
mineral discovery.
h. The Boers of Transvaal began taxing heavily the rich gold mining
companies like the Beers consolidated company to raise revenue.
i. It led to specialization among Boer republics with Natal taking on
agriculture yet Orange Free State and Transvaal were for mining
and industry.
j. The Boers got employment opportunities in mines and industries.
k. The Boers became politically strong since they bought better guns
that strengthened their military power.
l. The Boers began attacking neighboring African societies as well as
the British whom they fought in Anglo-Boer war 1 of 1880-81 and
Jameson raid of 1895.
m. The Boer communication network improved with many telephone
lines, telegrams among others.
n. The Boers took on commercial agriculture which improved their
economic status further.
o. The transport network in the Boer republics was improved with
roads, bridges and railway lines built like Transvaal railway of
1891.
p. The whites became controllers of South African economy replacing
the Africans.
q. Foreign exchange earnings of the Boers increased due to increased
exports of diamond and gold.
r. Social infrastructures were improved in the Boer republics like
schools.
s. Banks also came up like Orient and standard chartered bank in
South Africa.
t. Bad practices like theft, prostitution and alcoholism increased in the
Boer republics.
u. The Boer farms experienced shortage of labour as Africans ran to
work in the mines where they anticipated fatty jobs.
v. It led to temporal loss of independence by the Boers to the British
who annexed Transvaal in 1877.
w. It increased British interest in the interior and they started to defend
the interest of the Uitlanders.
128
x. The British invested a lot of capital in South Africa like Cecil Rhodes
who set up the British South African company to carry out mining.
y. Towns sprung up in the Boer republics such as Kimberly and
Vereeniging.
z. International trade was promoted between the Boer republics of
Transvaal and Orange Free State with the outside world.
aa. Land became expensive in the Boer republics around the mines
since it was highly demanded for agriculture and industry.
bb. The Boers rejected the British federation plan as they did not
want to share their mineral wealth with the British.

b)ON AFRICANS
cc. Africans got jobs in the mines, industries and agriculture that
sprung up around the mining areas which improved the standards
of living.
dd. African nationalism increased as Africans in the mines came
together to fight for their freedom.
ee. It led to the formation of political parties to fight for African rights
in the mines e.g. the South African Native Congress formed in 1912
which became the African National Congress (ANC).
ff. African agriculture was boosted as they got market to sell their
agricultural products.
gg. Africans got guns using the money they got from the mineral
wealth although they were of poor quality.
hh. There was rural-urban migration as Africans looked for jobs
in towns around the mining areas like Kimberley, Pretoria and
Durban.
ii. Africans became migrant workers as they left their families to go
and work on contract in towns and mines.
jj. African families broke up as men over stayed away from their
families working in the mines as migrant workers.
kk. Africans lost land where minerals were discovered and they
were displaced into reserves and dirty towns like Soweto.
ll. Africans suffered the poor conditions in slums like congestion and
diseases.
mm. Africans suffered from the high costs of living in towns and
they became criminals in the slums.
nn. Africans were discriminated by the whites in employment as
they were only left to offer unskilled labour.

129
 oo. Africans were relegated to second class citizens as the whites
emerged superior in South Africa.
pp. It laid ground for the rise of apartheid in South Africa in 1910
when the whites joined hands to discriminate against Africans in
all spheres.
qq. African agriculture declined as many of them moved to
towns to look for better jobs in mines.
rr. Africans suffered from famine due to neglect of agriculture with
people moving to towns for better jobs.
ss. Some Africans working in the mines lost their lives in mining
accidents leading to depopulation.
tt. Africans who moved to towns and mining areas lost their cultures
and adopted western cultures like dressing.
uu. Some Africans adopted bad European acts like prostitution,
smoking, drinking and gambling.
vv. African rulers lost their political powers as their subjects were
instead respecting the whites who had authority.

ww. Some African states like Basuto and Swaziland were

annexed by the whites leading to loss of independence.
xx. Africans lost support of the British who abandoned them in favour
of the Boers.
yy. African societies attempted to resist white take over but were
defeated hence decline of their military power.
zz. African conflicts with whites increased leading to wars like the war
of guns in 1880.

aaa. In conclusion the effects were both positive and negative

B = B + C = 13
12 01 13

5 a) Why did Dr. Jameson attack Transvaal in 1895?

(12 marks)

a. It was a conflict between the Boers under Paul Kruger and the British
under Cecil Rhodes.
It was mainly because of the misunderstandings between the Transvaal
Boers and the Uitlanders.
The Uitlanders were mainly British citizen (foreigners) who were in
Transvaal as business men and workers.
130
 The increased number of the Uitlanders who made up three quarters of
Transvaal population worried the Boers.
The leaders of the raid on the side of the British were Lt. Cecil Rhodes and
Dr. Jameson.
Paul Kruger, the Transvaal president led to the Boers against the British.
The chief planner of the raid was Cecil Rhodes, the Prime Minister of the
Cape Colony.
The raid aimed at over throwing the government of Transvaal under Paul
Kruger.

CAUSES OF THE JAMESON RAID OF 1895

b. The defeat of the British by the Boers in the First Anglo-Boer war at Majuba
Hills in 1881 annoyed them thus desired to revenge on the Boers.
b. The misunderstandings between Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes over the
question of Uitlanders caused the raid.
c. The increasing number of the Uitlanders in Transvaal worried the Boers
i.e. by 1895, three quarters of the population were Uitlanders.
d. The mistreatment of the Uitlanders by Paul Kruger caused the raid e.g.
denied the Uitlanders voting rights.
e. The denial of Uitlanders the right to speak English in public places which
was their mother language caused the raid.
f. The Uitlanders were angered by the system of awarding fat contracts only
to the Dutch companies.
g. The denial of Uitlanders citizenship also caused the raid i.e. for any
Uitlander to become a citizen, he had to first stay in Transvaal for over ten
years.
h. The forcing of Uitlanders‟ children to study in Boer-dominated schools
also caused the raid.
i. The Utilanders‟ appeal request for help from Cecil Rhodes and Jameson
in their struggle for their political and civil rights caused the raid.
j. The need by the Boers to safe guard their economic independence from
the British caused the raid.
k. The economic rivalry and enmity between two groups caused the war e.g.
Paul Kruger over taxed the Uitlanders‟ goods which created enmity.
l. The discrimination of British goods by Kruger in Transvaal also caused
the raid.
m. The long term enmity between the Boers and the British in South Africa
since the days of the Great Trek caused the Jameson Raid of 1895.
n. The scramble for minerals like gold and diamond in South Africa between
the Boers and the British caused the raid.

131
o. The rise of Boer nationalism promoted by strong Boer nationalists like
Paul Kruger caused the raid.
p. The smuggling of arms into Transvaal by Cecil Rhodes scared the Boers
leading to the raid.
q. The rise of British imperialism promoted by Cecil Rhodes i.e. the desire to
control the whole of South Africa including Transvaal by the British
caused the raid.
r. The uitlanders opposed the corrupt and inefficient government of Paul
Kruger there by increasing the conflict.
s. The role of the press e.g. Flora Show the Editor of the “London Times”
newspaper in Britain encouraged the British government to fight the
Boers hence the Jameson raid.
t. Cecil Rhodes‟ determination to bring Transvaal under the British control
by force caused the raid.
u. The formation of the British South African Company (BSACO) in 1890 by
Cecil Rhodes worried the Boers in Transvaal which led to the conflict.
v. The British desire to unite the white republics caused the raid because
Paul Kruger had refused the idea e.g. he had refused the idea of a customs
union with the Cape Colony.
w. The Pretoria convention of 1881 caused the raid because Paul Kruger
failed to respect its terms like not to mistreat the Uitlanders.
x. The refusal by the British to co-operate with the Boers over the railway
system increased the conflicts between the two.
y. Paul Kruger‟s act of changing railway routes from the Cape and Durban
to Maputo (Mozambique) annoyed Cecil Rhodes hence the raid.
z. The role played by Joseph Chamberlain, the British colonial secretary and
Robinson Hercules, the British ambassador in South Africa. The two men
exaggerated Transvaal threats to British interests in South Africa hence
encouraging Cecil Rhodes to organize the raid in 1895.
b) Explain the effects of the above event (13 marks)

a. The British were defeated by the Boers and they surrendered at Dornkap,
hence the raid was a failure.
b. Cecil Rhodes was force to resign as the prime minister of the Cape Colony.
c. Sir Robinson Hercules was also recalled as the British High Commissioner
or Governor at the Cape and replaced with Alfred Milner.
d. Dr. John Jameson was captured alive leading to the Boer hatred towards
the British in South Africa.
e. The victorious Paul Kruger became more popular and he was re-elected
as president of Transvaal in 1898.
f. It increased Boer nationalism and determination to preserve their
Independence.
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 g. Their victory gave them a belief that they would defeat the British at all
times.
h. It increased the mistreatment of the Uitlanders in Transvaal by Paul
Kruger.
i. It was a humiliation / shame to the British worldwide since they had been
defeated by a small state (Transvaal).
j. It led to a close understanding co-operation between Orange Free State
and Transvaal since they now had a common enemy (Britain).
k. It destroyed the possibility of any federation or union between the two
white communities in South Africa.
l. It also led to the international isolation and condemnation of the British
which affected international relations e.g. Kaiser (King), William II of
German sent Paul Kruger upon his victory over the British.
m. The raid worsened the Anglo-German relationship i.e. Kaiser (King)
William II of Germany sent a congratulatory message to Paul Kruger upon
his victory over the British.
n. Kaiser William II of Germany encouraged the Transvaal Boers to import
guns especially from German to defend their territory any future attacks.
o. The failure of the raid encouraged the Shona and the Ndebele people of
central Africa raise up against the British form 1896 – 1898.
p. It increased the enmity between the British and the Boers.
q. It led to the 2nd Anglo-Boer war of 1899 and 1902 as the British wanted to
revenge against their defeat by the Boers in the Jameson raid of 1895.

B = B + C = 13
12 01 13

6 a) Why was the union of South Africa formed in 1910? (12 marks)

INTRODUCTION
a. The act of union was the meeting that passed the union constitution of
1910 that brought the British and Boers under one government.
b.
bringing the Boers under their firm control.
c. The Boers wanted to preserve their economic and political achievements.
They realized that isolation would destroy their political and economic
achievements.

133
d. The granting of Independence to the Boers in Orange Free State and
Transvaal by the British in 1908 promoted good relationships and
therefore assured the Boers equality in the new union.
e. The British feared that the Boers would co-operate with the Germans in
Namibia and the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique and force them
out of South Africa.
f. The signing of the Vereeniging Treaty in 1902 after the Second Anglo -
Boer war paved a way for the union.
g. To ensure free trade and therefore avoid unnecessary competition
between the British and the Boers in the field of trade and commerce
h. There was need for reconciliation between the Boers and British and
therefore the treaty was signed to improve relations between the two.
i. To stop the rising trend of African nationalism i.e. there was fear that the
Africans who would rise up and throw the whites out of South Africa.
j. The need to lower the administrative costs in the white areas by creating
one administration led to the union of South Africa.
k. The formation of a Customs Union between the Boers and British in 1903
led to closer co-operation between the two which led to a political union
by 1910.
l. The contribution made by the British personalities like Sir George Grey
led to union of the white states in South Africa.
m. The calling of the 1908 National Convention made it clear that a union had
to be formed.
n. There was need to adopt a common racial policy towards the Africans.
o. There was a general fear of the increasing number of the Indians who had
even started making political and economic demands.
p. The disappearance of hard-liner Boer leaders who had opposed the idea
like Paul Kruger led to the union.
q. It was to create a large market in South Africa so as to encourage trade.
r. The need to exploit South Africa‟s resources like minerals by the whites
led to the formation of the union in 1910.
s. The role played by the British personalities like Sir George Grey and
Selbourne (the British High Commissioner to South Africa). They very
much wanted the union of the white states in South Africa
t. The occurrence of African revolts like the Bambata rebellion of 1906, gave
a lesson to the white colonies that they had to unite so as to defend
themselves from the Africans.

134
 b) Describe the contents of the above Union (13 marks)

TERMS OF THE 1910 ACT OF UNION

a. The terms of the Union were in line with leadership, voting, language,
position on Non-Whites, distribution of towns as well as the status of
South African neighbours.
b. The monarchy of England was to be the overall head of the Union.
c. The Governor General was to represent the Queen in South Africa and
had to be a man.
d. The Governor General was to be helped by an elected Prime Minister.
e. The Prime Minister was to be helped by a council of 10 (ten) ministers.
f. It proposed one parliament for the Union Government.
g. But this parliament was to have two Houses or Chambers i.e. the Upper
House (Senate) and the Lower House (assembly).
h. The Upper House (senate) was to serve for 10 years and then be re-elected.
i. The lower House (assembly) was to serve for five (5) years and then be re-
elected.
j. Only male whites above 18 years of age were to vote.
k. The Africans were not allowed to sit in the Union Parliament.
l. They were also not to vote at all especially in Orange Free State and
Transvaal.
m. Only the rich Africans and those with a certain level of education were
allowed to vote especially in Natal and Cape (British areas).
n. Africans were to be second class citizens while the Europeans were to
attain first class citizenship.
o. Pretoria, the capital city of Transvaal was to be the seat for President and
his cabinet. Therefore, it was the Executive capital.
p. The Cape was to be the Parliamentary capital or city of the union
government.
q. There was to be one Supreme Court for the Union established at
Bloemfontein in Orange Free State.
r. Orange River Colony was to become Orange Free State i.e. was to be given
independence.
s. The British Northern territories of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe and Zambia),
Botswana (Bechuanaland) and Lesotho (Basutoland) were to be part of the
union.
t. Both the Dutch and English languages were to be used as official
languages.
u. There would be free trade between the Boers and the British.

135
 B = B + C = 13

12 01 13

7 a) Why were there massive killings of people in South Africa in 1960?

(12 marks)

a. The missive killings of 1960 / demonstration are also popularly known as

the anti-pass protest of 1960 or the Sharpeville incident or uprising of
1960.
It took place on Monday 21st March 1960 in the black township of
Sharpeville near Vereeniging city in Transvaal.
It occurred during the Apartheid regime led by Dr.Verwoerd who was
the Prime Minister.
The protest was led by Robert Sobukwe, the leader of the Pan African
Congress (PAC), a political party that he had formed in 1959.
However, both the members of the African National Congress (ANC) and
the Pan African Congress (PAC) were involved in this demonstration.

It started when the demonstrators moved towards the police station of

Sharpeville, a black township near Johannesburg in Transvaal and offered
themselves for arrest.
The demonstrators were protesting the establishment of the Pass Laws
which restricted the movement of the non-whites.
The Sharpeville police led by Lt. Colonel Piennar and Major Van Zyl
panicked and ordered the shooting. This is when some protestors stoned
Piennar‟s car and as a result, over sixty (60) innocent people died.

CAUSES OF THE 1960 MASIVE KILLINGS

b. The immediate cause was the introduction of the Pass Laws that required
all the Africans to carry pass books containing their personal details e.g.
name, tribe, sex, tax code and employer details.
c. The passes also kept the Africans in the poor Bantustans which also
annoyed them leading to the demonstration.
d. The pass laws also made the Africans second class citizens in their own
country which forced them to stage a demonstration.
e. The poor housing conditions in Sharpeville town caused the protest e.g.
several African families would be made to stay in a two roomed house
meant for one family.
f. The high cost of living in Sharpeville town caused the protest i.e. there
was an increase of the house rent in Sharpeville with no corresponding
increase in wages.

136
g. The need for independence by the Africans from the Apartheid made
them to stage a protest in Sharpeville in 1960.
h. The unfair education laws like the Bantu Education Act of 1953 as well as
the Extension of Universities Education Act of 1959 which denied good
education to the Africans annoyed them, hence forcing them to stage a
protest.
i. The unfair labour laws which encouraged the enslavement of the Africans
through forced labour also caused the Sharpeville protest of 1960.
j. The lack of good social services like schools, hospitals and recreation
centres by the Africans in Sharpeville town also caused the protest.
k. The need to react against the mistreatment and detention (imprisonment)
of the Africans without trial by the Apartheid regime caused the
demonstration.
l. The grabbing of the African land by the whites in South Africa also made
the Africans to organize the protest in 1960.
m. The role of the South African nationalists caused the protest e.g. Robert
Sobukwe mobilized and sensitized the Africans in Sharpeville town to rise
up against the Apartheid regime.
n. The need to publicize the bad leadership of the Apartheid regime to the
international community (outside world) made the Africans to stage the
Sharpeville demonstration of 1960.
o. The successful protest of the women of the Orange Free State in 1920
against the injustices of the whites against the Africans inspired the
Sharpeville uprising.
p. The rampant killing of the Africans by the Apartheid regime also made
the Africans to stage the Sharpeville protest of 1960.
q. It was also caused by the 1952 Defiance Campaign which called up on the
Africans to go against the Apartheid policies in South Africa through
trade boycotts, demonstrations and other forms of non-cooperation with
the Apartheid regime.
r. The rise of violence among the South African youths after the failure of
peace in delivering change inspired them to stage the pass protest of 1960.

A = I + B = 12
01 11 12

137
b) What were the effects of this incident? (13 marks)

a. It resulted into throwing of stones at the policemen of which one hit

Piennar‟s which caused the police to panic and shot at the protestors.
b. It led to the death of the Africans e.g. sixty nine (69) people were registered
dead in Sharpeville town.
c. Over 180 Africans were wounded and injured during the Sharpeville
protest.
d. The demonstrators were defeated and dispersed by the police.
e. The ring leaders of the protest were arrested and imprisoned e.g. Robert
Sobukwe was sentenced to three years in prison.
f. A state of emergence was declared in South Africa. The Apartheid regime
limited the political activities of the Africans like demonstrations as well
as political rallies.
g. The African political parties like the African National Congress (ANC)
and the Pan African Congress (PAC) were banned for staging the Anti-
pass protest.
h. It led to rise of militarism among Africans to fight for their freedom e.g.
ANC formed Umkhonto Wesizwe while PAC formed POQO which
carried out bombing government facilities like banks, bridges and
beaches.
i. It exposed the brutality of the Apartheid regime and this helped the
Africans to attract international sympathy towards their liberation
struggle.
j. The United Nations Organization (UNO) condemned the massacre and
even declared 21st March every year as an international day to eliminate
racial discrimination in the world.
k. It increased the African opposition against the whites i.e. the Africans
increased their Defiance Campaign against the whites in South Africa.
l. It increased the mistreatment of the Africans by the whites. This therefore
increased their misery and suffering.
m. It eliminated differences between ANC and PAC which created unity and
togetherness so as to defeat the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
n. It inspired the outbreak of other uprisings staged towards the Apartheid
regime e.g. the Soweto uprising of 1976.
o. It forced some African nationalists into exile to avoid being arrested and
imprisoned by the Apartheid regime.
p. It increased the hatred between the whites and Africans in South Africa.
q. It led to the passing of the second General Law Amendment Act of 1st
May 1960 which gave power to the authorities to continue detaining
persons after serving their sentences.
138
 r. The passes were suspended or abolished for some time by the Apartheid
regime but later restored.
s. It increased the brutality of the white regime towards the Africans and
many of them were killed.
t. It increased poverty among the Africans as many of them refused to go
and work for the whites.
u. The protest forced some investors especially from Britain to withdraw
their money and businesses from South Africa. This weakened the
Apartheid regime economically.
v. Many protestors tore and burnt their pass books during the protest.
w. A lot of property like houses and government facilities in Sharpeville
town were destroyed during the demonstration.

8 (a) Explain the role played by Sam Nujoma in the struggle for Namibia’s
Independence (12
marks)
Introduction
a. Sam Nujoma by name of Samuel Shafiihuma Nujoma.
He was born may 12, 1929 Ovambo in south west Africa / Namibia
b. He led forces that fought alongside south African Freedom fighters
and opposed a formidable challenge to the oppressive regimes in the
southern African region.
c. In 1959 formed the Ovamboland people’s Organisation with Jacob
Kahenge.
d. In 1960 the party was transformed into SWAPO at the request of Kevin
the Namibian representative at UN.
e. He established the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in
1962
f. He played an important role as leader of the national liberation
movement in campaigning for Namibia's political independence.
g. He launched a guerrilla war against the apartheid government of
South Africa in August 1966 at Omungulugwombashe, beginning after
the United Nations withdrew the mandate for South Africa to govern
the territory.
h. Nujoma led SWAPO during the lengthy Namibian War of
Independence, which lasted from 1966 to 1989.
i. Nujoma became involved in anti-colonial politics during the 1950s. In
1959, he cofounded and served as the first president of
the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO).
j. In December 1958 he was an organizer of the Old Location resistance
and was arrested and deported to Ovamboland.
139
 k. SWAPO boycotted participation in politics because the apartheid
regime had continued grabbing African land.
l. They led strikes against job discrimination.
m. Under SWAPO he and other members petitioned world bodies for the
attainment of independence.
n. In 1960 he escaped and went into exile in Tanzania where he was
welcomed by Julius Nyerere.
o. He organized industrial revolution against the South Africa
Apartheid regime.
p. In the late 1970s Nujoma led the SWAPO negotiations team between
the Western Contact Group (WCG), which consisted of West
Germany, Britain, France, the US and Canada, and South Africa on
the one hand, and the Frontline States and Nigeria.
q. They campaigned for Namibia’s independence and the establishment
of non – racial state.
r. They campaigned for justice, liberty and human dignity to prevail.
s. They campaigned against the violation of the terms of the trusteeship
that south Africa violated.
t. From 1973 onwards SWAPO disrupted whites activities in the
homeland of Ovambo and Kavambo.
u. He looked for help from fellow national movements of MPLA,
FRELIMO etc towards the independence struggle.
v. SWAPO won a majority vote and Nujoma was elected as the country's
first President on 21 March 1990. He was re-elected for two more terms
in 1994 and 2003

A = I + B = 13
01 12 13

(b) What were the obstacles faced by the African freedom fighters in the

struggle for Namibia’s self rule (13 marks)

a. They lacked financial support to carryout their activities.

b. They suffered from divisions like SWAPO against SWANU, Ovambo
against Herero etc.
c. The South African regime had a very strong presence in Namibia.
d. Many Nationalists were arrested and killed by the Whites.
e. They lacked very strong leaders Kutako and Nujoma came very late
140
f. Strong grass root leaders who could mobilize commoners were very rare.
g. Some nationalists championed tribal conflicts e.g SWAPO was originally
for the Ovambo.
h. Swapo lacked strong military support.
i. The whites put up many restrictions, which made it hard for the
nationalist to operate.
j. Later the South African regime annexed Namibia as the fifth province of
the Union.
k. The apartheid politics which were extended into Namibia derailed
national movements.
l. The whites were stubborn and refused to bow down to the UN and OAU
pressure.
m. The whites from South Africa usually raided SWAPO camps in Angola
especially from 1978.
n. The divided and rule policy, which went with the Bantustans, divided up
the people.
o. African governments were not united in their condemnation against the
whites e.g Malawi and Zaire.
p. Initially OAU did not strongly support national struggles in Namibia.

END.

141
 MARKING GUIDE FOR HISTORY

WEST AFRICA 241/2

1(a) It was the trade between North Africa and West Africa.

 It was the trade carried out across the Sahara desert.

 Also known as Caravan trade/Gold trade/Internal trade
 It developed due to high demand for Gold from W.A and salt from N.A
s basic goods
 Other goods from western Sudan were slaves, colanuts, Ivory, hides etc.
 Other goods from North Africa were clothes, fruits, beads, horses etc.
 This trade was organized & controlled by the Berber Merchants from
North Africa.
 The Berbers provided capital for the trade buying of trade items.
 The Berbers provided camels and horses for transporting of goods.
 The Berbers employed the Tuaregs to guard &guide the traders along
the trade routes
 The Tuaregs also protected the pasture grounds
 The kings and Chiefs of Western Sudan provided security to the traders.
 They also actively participated in trade.
 They collected goods to the market centers.
 Initially there was no common language used and traders could use sign
language hence silent trade.
 Later Arabic language was introduced and it became a business
language.
 Initially barter trade was the mode of exchange
 Later, cowerie-shells, Gold coins, copper bars were introduced as a
currency.
 Initially the means of transport was head porterage ,where goods were
carried by slaves and porters.
 Horses and bullocks were later introduce4d by the Arabs
 The camels were later introduced by the Berbers as a basic means of
transport
 The introduction of camels increased the volume of goods
 Camels were resistant to desert conditions
 They could move long distances without drinking
 Could carry bulky goods
142
 They African Negroes provided security to trade&collected goods
 They provided food, water and accommodation to yhe merchants
 They also organized market centres
 They transported trade items
 They provided goods like ivory and slaves.
 They offered hospitality to the traders.
 Some Africans acted as slaves and acted as a means of transport.
 This trade was conducted along 3-4 trade

(b) It declined due to many reasons.

The reasons were political, social and Economic in nature.

 The factors were internal and external.

 The process for its decline was gradual
 Its decline started by the Moroccan invasion of Songhai which led to
the downfall of Songhai empire
 The invasion led to insecurity and political unrest in the western
Sudan
 The discovery of the new sea route from the Mediterranean sea to the
Atlantic Ocean, led to the decline of this trade.
 The new sea route had many advantages over the traditional North
to South land route
 The new sea route was shorter, faster and safer.
 It brought in cheaper and better quality goods like salt, clothes,
weapons, beads etc.
 The cheaper and better quality goods out-competed the salt trade
across the Sahara desert.
 The rise of Trans-Atlantic slave trade
 The scarcity of some trade items from such as gold, ivory etc. any 2.
 The coming of xtian missionaries in W.A who decompaigned slave
trade.
 The European scramble & partition of colonies in W.Africa
 The abolition of slave trade by the Europeans
 The promotion &growth of legitimate trade
 The rise of Jihads by the moslems against the non-moslems created
insecurity along the trade routes.
 The discovery of gold deposits else especially in S.Africa &America
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 12 marks 1 mark each.

2(a)The word Mali means the land of chiefs.

 Mali was a former vassal state of Ghana empire

 Mali is one of the Western Sudanic states
 Others include Ghana,Songhai,and Kanem-Bornu.
 The origin of Mali is not clear.
 However there are views/assumptions which try to explain how it
oreiginated
 Its original state was kagaba and the original inhabitants were the
Mande .
 Its capital was Jeriba, which was located near modern Bamarko.
 Around 1224,Samanguru Kante the SUSU king of kaniaanga
conqueredkagaba and Annexed it to Kanianga
 Samanguru Kante killed the king of Kagaba called Maghan Konfatta and
his eleven sons.
 He spare sundaita Keita who was a crippled young man
 Sundiata Keita was then taken to live in king Samanguru’s palance.
 With time,Sundiata regained the use of his leg
 He began a prominent soldier and hunter
 He escaped from the king’s court to exile in Meama.
 He got military support from the king of Meama and attacked
Samanguru Kante
 By 1235,Sundiata defeated and killed Samanguru Kante at the famous
battle of Kirina and took over power
 He then joined Kangaba,Kanianga and former states of Ghana together
 He conquered Bure and Bambuku,which were rich in Gold and
established Mali empire
 Sundiata Keita was therefore the founder of Mali empire
 Mali developed due to its strategic location in savannah region ,which
had economic advantage.
 It had fertile soils,good climate and reliable rainfall which promoted
Agriculture
 The people of Mali participated in trade internally and Trans-Saharan
trade

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  Local industry was promoted such as Mining, weaving and Iron
smelting
 Mali had a strong army which was used for defence ,internal security
and expansion.
10 marks 1 mark each

(b) Mansa Musa was originally called Mansa Kankan Musa,

 He was a Grand son of Sundiata Keita

 Mansa –Musa was the greatest king of Mali Empire
 Mansa-Musa made several contributions to the growth of Mali empire
 The contribution of Mansa Musa were political ,social and economic
 Mansa Musa created a strong army
 The army was composed of infantry and calvary
 The army was used fordefence and expansion of the empire
 It was also used for internal security
 Mansa Musa set up an effective system of administration
 He divided the empire into 14 provinces and commercial centres
 Each province was under a governor for easy administration.
 He built magnificient palace in Mali for defence
 He promoted trade withj people of North Africa ie Trans-Saharan trade
 He encouraged the growth of agric
 He also encouraged the growth of local industry
 He promoted the growth of trading centres such as Gao,Timbuktu ,Niani
etc.
 He also enforced the use of just and honest masures by the traders.
 Mansa-Musa was a devout muslim
 He promoted the spread of islam in Mali
 During this rule, he puried islam and made state religion
 Mansa Musa built many schools ,which promoted education in Mali
 He built Sankore university in Timbukutu
 He built Sankore University in Timbukutu
 He built a great mosque at Gao and another in Timbukutu as centres of
Islam
 He introduced Friday prayers and ensured that people follow Islamic
laws strictly

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  He built a strong army when was well equipped and trained .
 The army was divided into infantry and collantry
 The army was used for defense keep security as well as expansion
 He made a pilgrimage to Mecca and he came back with many muslim
scholars from the arab word
 He made empire to participate in transhara trade
15 marks 1mark each

3(a) External trade was the trade which was conducted across the Atlantic
Ocean

 It involved three conrinents of Europe,Africa and America

 External trade was also known as Trans Atlantic slave trade/triangular
trade
 It grew due to many factors
 Which were political,social and economic in nature.
 Trans Sahara trade decline gave rise to the growth of external trade
 Increased demand for slave labour in the New world to work in the
mines and plantations
 Invention of steamerships by the Europeans provided quick transport
for traders
 Involvement of many participant in external trade e.g. the Europeans
and Africans
 Short life span of the Negro slaves in America because of mistreatment
and forced labour by their masters led to the growth of external trade.
 Development of coastal towns e.g. Accra,Lagos , Port Novo e.t.c led to
growth of this trade.
 Availability of deep natural hardours at the coast West Africa.
 Availability of large capital provided by the European Merchants led to
the growth of this trade
 The trade was profitable ,it encouraged many participants to be
involved.
 Cooperation between Africa chiefs and European slave dealers led to its
growth.
 Existence of interstate wars led to the growth of external trade
 Industrial revolution in Europe led to the growth of external trade.

146
  High demand for raw materials such as cotton, rubbers, palm oil, copper
etc. led to the growth of external trade.
 Availability of ready market for European manufactured goods in West
Africa , e.g. clothes ,glassware,beads,guns etc.
12 marks 1 mark each

3(b)The effects of the Trans Atlantic trade were many.

 These effects were political,social and economic on the people of West

Africa
 The trade affected the people of west Africa positively and negatively,
 It led to loss of lives through slave raids
 It led to depopulation in West Africa due to high death and export of
slaves
 It led to the rise of widows and orphans to those who lost their dear
ones.
 It led to displacement of people in West Africa due to slave raids
 It led to destruction of property such as houses ,crops,livestock e.t.c.
 It led to misery and suffering of many people in West Africa
 It led to agriculture decline and outbreak of famine
 It led to increased importation of fire arms into the interior of west
Africa
 Acquisition of fire arms by interior people encouraged interstate wars
and hostility.
 There was increased insecurity as people lived in constant fear for their
lives
 It led to the growth of the empire e.g. oyo, Benin, Dahomey and Asante
 Rulers and businessmen who involved got a lot of wealth.
 It led to improved standards of living to those who got involved in it
 External trade led to the formation of Siera-Leone and Liberia as home
for freed slaves.
 Led to influx of European industrial goods such as clothes, beads ,guns
,salt e.t.c.
 Led to the growth of legitimate trade in manufactured goods
 Led to the coming of European Christian missionaries who spread
Christianity in W.A.

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  Led to European colonization of Africa who finally abolished slave trade
13 marks I mark each

4(a)What are the causes of 19th century Islamic movements in W.Africa (13
marks)

(b) Explain the factors that led to the success of the Fulani Jihads (12
marks)

(a) The causes Code C: 13 marks

 A jihad is a Muslim holy war fought against infidels/non-believers

 They are also called 19th Islamic movements led by Uthuman dan Fodio
 Was caused by a number /variety of factors which were social, political,
economic, intellectual, religious etc.
 But were primarily religious:
 To purify Islam which had declined following Moroccan invasion of
Songhai
 Fodio’s condamation of Pegan Hausa ruler
 Some mixed Islam with paganism/ pegan plectics
 Fulani Muslim scholars had settled among pegan communities
 And intermarried with them,Ekena adopted their ways
 Injustices in the Hausa land
 Bribery ,over taxation of the Fulani
 Corruption ,unfair judgment
 Conscription of Muslims into pegan armies to fight fellow Muslims
 Enslavement of Muslims by non-believers
 Educational differences
 The Muslim Fulani, were better educated but were denied employment
in the gov,t
 Ethnic hostility btn Fulani and Hausa
 Desire to restore the rule of law(under sharia)
 Desire to over throw pegan harsh rulers
 Eating unclean meat slaughtered by non-Muslims
 Uthuman –Dan –Fodio’s personality
 Influence of Muslim brotherhood qwadriyya and tijjaniyah (brother
hood)

148
  The Hausa leaders were jealousy of Muslim Fulani prosperity/wealth
Any 13 points 1 mark each

(b) Success CODE S 12 marks

 The success was a result of many factors political,social,economic and

military
Internal and external
 The Hausa states lacked unity.
 They lacked support and loyalty to their subjects
 Uthuman Dan Fodio’s policy of isolation
 The influence of different jihad leaders like uthuman dan fodio,
Muhammad .Bello, Al- Hajji Umar.
 The Fulani were military superior compared to their enemies
 The Fulani jihadists had more military experience
 The jihadists used frequent attacks
 Most of the Jihad leaders had political motive to gain political power as
result fought hard
 Jihadist were assured of heaven in case they succeed
 Co –operation among jihad leaders in different cities.
 They had superior military organisation abilities over Hausa rulers
 The Hausa rulers were taken by surprise
 Determination to succeed
 General desire to over throw pegan pressure leaders who had already
became un popular
 The jihadists were battle hardened and were used to frequent Tuareg
attacks
 insensitive promises to jihadists were very attractive like life in
paradise
 Material rewards promised to flag bearers like land, wives, political
office.
 The jihadists received financial support from rich Muslim Fulani
merchants
 The jihads took place almost at the same time in all Hausa states so it
took pegan rulers
 Religious zeal and morale given to jihadists

149
  Continued inspiration from qadriyyyah and Tijaniyyah teachings
 The people had already seen fodio as neutral inspiration leader as
evidences by his eloquence in speech .
Any 12 marks 1 mark each

5(a)Why was the fante confederation formed in 1808 12 marks

(b)What were the achievements of the Fante confederation upto the 19th
century 12 marks

5a CODE: F 12 marks

A confederation is a loose union of states brought together for a common goal

 So the Fante confederation brought together about 21 states that

included fante itself, maxim Mbora, Kwaman etc.
 It was founded on the meeting of Fante clients and educated leaders
held at maxim.
In Jan 1868
 It was formed due to a number of reasons which were social, political
and economic.
 To forge unity among member states
 Desire to fight growing British threat especially possible annoxation of
fante states
 The need for preparation to take over administration from the British
 The fear of growing number of Europeans at the coast
 Fante distrust of British.
 Fante opposition to the proposed Angelo Dutch exchange of ports
including Elmina
 Desire for strong economy and social services
 Desire to develop transport and trade
 Desire to maintain and strengthen traditional values
 Desire to develop their natural resources and exploit them
 The need to protect themselves against hostile coastal neighbours like
Asante
12 marks 1 mark each

(b) Code A: Achievements of the confederation

150
  A number of achievements were made which were political, social and
economic
 Both positive and negative
 Positive steps were taken to realize self-government.
 It was able to set up its own gov’t comprising of a king as a president ,an
army ,civil service and supreme court
 It was also able to impose and collect poll tax as well as export duties
 With its own army it opposed the Dutch take over assisted by Komenda
against Elmina.
 It had a supreme court at maxim which was also a confederation
headquarter.
 It tried many cases referred to it from court of chiefs
 The confederation developed infrastructure like schools, roads, health
centers which improved on the standards of living.
 The union established a firm administration
 It drew up a constitution adopted as maxim constitution
 A national assembly was also set up which consisted of two delegates
from each member state and a national assembly of kings and chiefs that
met annually to preview and endorse the decisions of legislative
assembly
 It strengthened unity of Akan culture
 It set up various sources of revenue
 It recommended the British transfer of administration of W.African
colonies to the local people
 However ,these achievements were short lives by 1873 the confederation
had collapsed
13 marks 1 mark each

6(a) Why did the British apply in direct rule to administer Nigeria 15 marks

(b) What were the effects of the policy to the people of N.Nigeria 10 marks

a:CODE :A; 15 marks

 Indirect rule was a British system of administration used in Northern

Nigeria
 It was introduced by Fredrick Lugard and Gilbert Carter.

151
 It involves the use of African chief’s tor rule fellow Africans under
supervision of the British officials.
 The policy was used due to many reasons
 The reasons were political, social and economic in nature
 It was because it was chief to pay African chiefs.
 The British officials were expensive to pay by British administration
 The British had inadequate funds for paying a big number of staff
 Africans understood and respected their local chiefs
 The British policies could smoothly be implemented by the local rulers
to their subjects
 The African chiefs know their people properly and understand each
other
 The British used indirect rule to solve the problem of language barrier
 African rulers made tax collection easy and simple since they knew the
local language of their subjects
 Indirect rule was used to avoid rebellion against the colonial
administrators
 The African chiefs acted as shock obsorbers to the British colonialists
 The British had shortage of man power for administering N.Nigeria
 Lugard wanted to preserve African culture in N .Nigeria
 It had already been successfully experimented in other colonies like
India and Uganda
 The African chiefs were used because they could withstand the harsh
climatic conditions like hot shine and heavy rainfall
 The British feared tropical diseases mainly malaria when killed British
Officials
 It was used due to poor means of transport and communication in
N.Nigeria
 N. Nigeria had centralized states under why ,such as sokoto Caliphate
which favoured indirect rule.
 It was used in order to train Africans to become future leaders after
independence
 Mass illiteracy of the people
 There was no mass media like radios, newspapers ,television sets to ease
communication

152
  African chiefs could use to collect taxes supervise public works like
building of schools, dispensaries, roads etc.

(b) CODE E: effects of indirect rule 10 marks

The effects were many political, social and economic
 Trade was boosted as people were involved in each commercial
activities
 There was improvement in transport and communication as roads,
railways put in place.
 Agriculture was boosted as the British encourages
 There was extension of British control over N. Nigeria
 The British won confidence of African chiefs and rulers
 There was preservation and us of African institutions
 The chiefs and rulers were respected by their subjects
 It became easy way of ruling illiterate masses and continuity of
centralized African states like sokoto caliphate which were later
integrated in the British colonial administrative system
 It trained Africans art or skill of governance
 It also had short comings
 It declined educated Africans and elites
 It promoted the policy of divide and rule and therefore led to disunity
 It undermined the spirit of unity brought in by Jihads
 Some chiefs were punished for independent views and their decisions
were not considered
 British policies were dictated.
In the process the subjects lost trust or confidence in their rulers
10 marks each point 1 mark.

7(a) Explain the role played by Creoles in the development of W. Africa btn
1850 and 1914 (15 marks)

(b) What problems did they face during this period ( 10 marks)

(a) The role played: Creoles Code R: (15 marks)

 The creoles were as a result of intermarriages between the freed slaves

and recaptives
 Resulted from the abolition of slave trade
153
 By 1850 had emerged as a distinct group
 Had inherited European American and numerous African culture
 Spoke the Kriol language, a mixture of African, English and
American language
 Played adverse/ many/numerous roles
 Were political ,social and economic
 Creoles became a vehicle of European colonialism, in sierra Leone its
self and other parts of W .Africa
 Promoted Christianity, built churches
 Translated the bible into nature languages e.g nupe, Hausa, Yoruba,
Ibo etc.
 Bishop S.A. crowther translated the bible into Yoruba
 They were great educationists
 Promoted western education
 Acted as teachers in many schools
 Their children were the most educated
 Opened up many schools both primary and secondary
 Built higher institutions of learning (Taurah bay College)
 Which later became a university college
 Promoted literacy
 Produced a number of professionals like teachers,clergy men lawyers
,doctors,authors
 Wrote the constitution of the fante confideration
 Played important roles in colonial administration
 As civil servants-manned the civil service in sierra Leone
 Set up many trading companies
 Were not so successful in agriculture
 Partly due to poor soils
 Helped in the final eradicationof slave trade
 Helped to re settle recaptives
 Boosted legitimate trade
 Became successful businessmen
 Built houses
 Contributed to urbanization
 Promotion oof western valves/ civilization culture

154
  Monogamy ,eatin habits ,dress code
 Laid a strong base for west African nationalism
15 marks 1 mark each

(b)Problems faced: code P (10 MARKS)

A DIVERSITY/ NUMEROUS/MANY/ A VARIETY

Political ,social, economic ,geographical

 Harsh / unfamiliar tropical climate

 Tropical diseases e.g. malaria ,sleeping sickness, small pox
 Poor soils
 Lack of knowledge of tropical farming
 Little success in farming
 Transport difficulties ,no postal services
 Language barrier
 Pressure on social services i.e. schools,health,shelter
 Limited funds
 Continued hostility from natives e.g. feme&omends
 Competition for leadership
 The British and creole policy
 Creole officials were efcheded from working in the protectorate

 Creole officials were replaced by English
 Elimination of the creoles from senior office
 Discrimination in the religious sector
 Accusation of the creoles by Africans of being white missionary agents
 Instigated temne-mende war
 Shortage of land after 1898
 Imposition of high tax left them poor
 Suffered from radical discrimination from his European colleagues
Any 10 points 1 mark each

8(a)Describe the role played by the following in the struggle for the
independence of their countries

(a)Leopold Sedar Senghor Senegal (12 marks)

155
 He was born of a rich family which of Joel outside the communes in oct
1906.
 Senghor was born in a family which was strongly catholic in a
predominantly muslim community
 He received his primary education in a catholic school and later he
attended the Lycees in Dakar and then in Paris where he woooon such
ad distinction as scholar that he became the first African professor in
Lycee
 Senghor faught insekeral Lycees in trance until the outbreak of WW 11
 His career as a nationalist leader in trench W. Africa began in 1945 when
together with lamine gueye,another Senegalese ,were elected deputies
for Senegal in the first and second constituent assemblies which formed
a consititution of fourth republic
 Senghor also was very local aganst forced labour and advocated for its
abolishment
 Under his capacity ,he influenced greatly the constitutional reforms
which were realized
 In oct 1948, he formed his own territorial party,”Block Democrative
Senega Lias (BOS) this was after declining to team up with a communist
allied (R.D.A)
 Rejected affiliation bary metropolitan party.he with most of RDA
deputies in Peris formed the independents qutse-mer (inor) which was a
move towards independence
 Senghor with 1.0m leaders oppose3sd the loicadre which tended to
Baikanise theregion by granting limited seit gov’t on territorial basis
 When the (RDA) led by Houphovet(boighg) refused to compromise its
stand on self rule on territorial basis
 Senghor in may 1958 formed the parti-de Regroepment African . CPRA
as a mallence of all parties supporting an independent federation states
 When realized t=hat France was inclined to territorial rather than federal
selt gov’t he modified his former stand-by leading Senegal to vote “yes”
in Degavile’s referendum of 1958
 With such a strategy ,he believed that the new suspension could
eventually result in independence of a unified federation
 But when his hope appeared to be frustrated ,he with leaders of sedan
launched the Mali federation of Senegal and Sudan in month 1989
156
 In 1960 the Mali federation demanded full independence in June
1960,the federation achieved independence

NKWAME NKURUMA 13 marks

 He was born about 1909 and was named Francis Nwia Kofi
Mgonloma .He later changed to Nkwame Nkrumah
 He was one of the Africa’s greatest leaders before he fell from power(
25th feb 1965)
 He was educated in Ghana and further U.S.A
 He lectured of Lincoln University
 He drew inspiration from Marcus Garvey movement and mahatma
fiandhi.
 Soon he became im[proved in politics
 Oh his arrival in Englash (1945) ,he became vice presidents of the
W.African student Union (WAsu)
 He was one of the organizers of the Pan-Africa congress(PAC) in 1945
 His nationalist links with Ghana begun in 1947 , when he was
recalled to become the secretary general of ( UGCCP)
 In sept 1948, he founded the Accra evening news which became the
official month piece of nationalist movement.
 He split from UGCC founded the C.P.P .the top on this programme
was “sevt gov’t now”
 To achieve this “positive action plan “or riots or spruces was
launched
 The tan 1950 riots landed
 Nkrumah and some other cpp leaders in prison *(at James fort
prison)
 The 1951 elections gave victory c.p.p Nkurumah won the Accra
central constituency
 He was subquently releasd from prison and formed a government
 He became a leader of gov’t business,this marked Nkurumah’s
speedy rise to power
 The 1951, elections gave victory to cpp Nkrumah won the Accra
central constituency
 He was subquently released from prison and formed a government .e
became a leader of gov’t Business
157
 He put persistent pressure on the colonial gov’t to gram Ghana
independence despite demand for federal government by the
National Liberation Movement (NLM)
 It was Nkrumah cpp which led Ghana to independence on 6th march
1957.
 The newly independent state changed ,its name from the Gold Coast
to Ghana in honour of ancient empire of Ghana.
 Nkrumah became the first president of Ghana. He mobilized the
masses for independence and his contributions where many
13 marks 1 mark each

158
 LITERATURE 208/1
MARKING GUIDE 2022

The Return of Francis Imbuga: mgofu

1a) What leads to this conversation

At Kadesals Shrine Kadesa and Mude Mude comes to warn Kadeso about the fighting /
conflit in Mndika. as they are conversing Bizia enters to tell Kadesa that Matia has
welcome to strangers, a man and a woman have crossed the border to the shrine the
woman and a man and later the man dies.

Any 6pts × 1 = 06 amrks

c) who are they that Adonya is talking about? What is their relationship with the people
in the passage

they – people of Mndika

01

Their relationship

 They are burning houses

 People are maiming one another
 Torching houses said to be followed of kadasa
Any 3pts × 1 = 03

d) Character of Adonija 03 marks +1 mark

 Intelligent
 Eloquent / talkative
 Patriotic
03 marks

Role

Character- mgofu Ngoda

Theme – reconciliation 03 marks

3+3 = 06 marks

159
The old haly mgofu blind seer is to be buried Thori and Thorwa tells how mgofu
Ngoda’s son has grown up and Nderema is home. The two scouts / spies to Nderema
report to Mhanda about the things they have discovered about mgofu in Nderema

2) William Shakespeare The merchant of Vrnice

a) Briefly explain what happens before this passage 05

b) Describe the character

i) Portia

 friendly / merciful / kid / helpful

 courageous / brave
 wise / intelligent
 schemer / cunning / trickster
 cautious
any 3 ×1 = 03

ii) Shylock

 heartless / unsympathetic
 unforgiving
 proud
 ve
any 3 × 1 = 03

b) He means one bad act / action will spoil the many things one has done
04 marks

3) Grief Child

Nimu and Mahamu are in the farm and joined by Biragu and you bring them food to
eat. Biragu had astrange look on her face

Biragu and you stay in the farm collecting firewood

Mahamu and Nimo go back home due to the storm that was coming

Birago and Jaa after collecting firewood they hurry to go back home since its starting
to rain heavily

160
While in the farm a huge bough crashed down on them crushing mother and daughter

Any 6pts = 06 marks

b) fear / worry / anxiety / distressed

confused / puzzled

disappointed

impatient

sad / gloomy / angry

any 2× 2 illustrations = 04 marks

c) The first place he glanced towards was the kitchen and his wife and daughter were
not there

The pepper his wife left drying in the weak sun was now drenched with water

He saw some clothes on the drying line

There was no freshly cut firewood to indicate that they were home

He walked through the rain towards his wife’s room. The door was locked.

Any 4×1 = 04 marks

Muhama and Nimo at farm searesry for you and Birago think since its drizzling now
they must have returned home.

they go back home and they don’t fund them there and are shocked

They go to inform people and start with Apiah

Apiah, Yaro, Nimu and Malumu to out to search for burago and Yaa. They scattered in
two hardly knowing where to lead

It is mahama bar Nimo from the scere but freed himself to look. The sigh brought him
sprawling to the ground and fainted

Any 6pts = 06 marks

4)John Steinbeck The pearl

a) what leads to the passage?

161
Coyotito has been stung by scorpion

Juana sucks the poison out. Later she demandeds for the doctor. The procession from
the brush house mone to the doctor’s house and later beggars join to enjoy the drama
that happen at the doctor’s house. The beggars are a ware that the doctor does not
treat the poor.

Any 6 pts = 06 marks

Describe the character of the doctor in the passage

 A varice / materialist – needs money to treat the child

 Clumsy / csrelessness
 Miser / mesn
 Cruel – does not treat coyotito that he is not a veterinary
 Lazy
Any 2×2 illustrations = 04 marks

c) Expplain two themes revealed in the passages

poverty – Kino and his people are poor and can’t afford the fees for the treatment of
Coyotito

suffering

oppression

2 well explained themes = 04marks

d) what happens after the passage

Kino and Juana leave the doctor is place and go for pearl hunting. Junana applies a
seaweed to the place where the scorpion has stung coyotito. Kino dies into the ocean
and starts hunting and later discovers the pearl of the world. The doctor comes to treat
coyotito but poisons him and later the priest pays a visit to the Kinos

Any 06pts = 6 marks

Francis Imbuga The Return of Mgofu

Describe the character of Mhofu in the play, The Return of Mgofu

The mgofu is the son of the old half blind seer who died crossing into Nderema.
Mgofu grows in Nderema under the mentorship of Kadesa and even inherit the shrine
after her death. He has two children, a daughter Nora and a son
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Mgofu Ngoda is a peace – loving person

He is intelligent / wise

Courageous

Marks as a whole – 20 marks

6) How suitable is the title, the Return of mgafu, to the play?

The title The return of mgofu is based on the main character called mgofu ngoda the
son of the old half blind seer named after the father

Mgofu Ngoda grows up in exile in Nderema at Kadesa’s shrine because in the conflicts
I his mother land Mndika

Thori and Thoriwa highlight the conflict that took place in Mndika

“my land ……, my cat,….., my land and the old half blind mgofu left. Mndika wih his
youngest wife who was pregnant

Nora gives birth to a son on arrival to the shrine. Mgofu ( the son) bache man inherits
the shrine after kadesa’s death

Mhanda the head of mndika admires mgofu’s administration and wants reconciliation
among the exdees so he sends spies to Ndenema to ask what they hear about mgoful

Whem the two scouts come they confirm the truth

So mhanda prepares to invite mgofu to the remembrance day. Mgofu returns to mndika
after a long time to grace the occasion of mndika’s Remembrance day HAe faints while
addressing the bnation of mndika “I’m home…….. and home,………is where a man
returns to sow his best seed”

Hence mgofu returns to mndika whether the old or the young one

Hence the title bearing suitable for the play

Mark as a whole = 20mks

William Shakespeare the merchant of venice

7)Discuss the character of Shylock in the play, The merchant venice

Shylock is a Jewish money lender. He lends money to Antonio a loan with certain
tough conditions when he fails to pay

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He is greedy / materialist – Shylock is more hated about the money that Jessica takes
from him than his only daughter has eloped

He is stubborn when misfortunes befall Antonio he insists on a pound of flesh, even

though this will likely kill Antonia

He is immoral

He is proud

Vengeful – he tells Solania about his promiae to get reveng on Antonio

Manipulatine / cunning / trickster deceptive / liar

Violet – wants Antonio’s flesh for his money

9) How does the death of Adu’s family affect him in the novel Grief child?

Adu goes through many traguiries in his life He looses his mother and sister in a storm
crushed by a huge bough. His father is drowned in the river

 Because hopeless and disillissoned

 Loses his home susa to Buama
 Separated from Mahama
 Mistreated by Goma
 Goes to school in worn out uniform
 Thinks about committing suicide
 Apiah comes to check on him
 Goma insults his Buama
 Helps chief to get thieves anu becomes a town hero
 Carries on his father’s tradition of herbs
 Gomas secret is reveated
 Gets a new family of Techer Ofori
 Marries Amaa
 Graduates and becomes a teacher
 Filled with bitterness and hetrade towards aunt
 Susa becomes Adu’s night mare

10) What lessons about life do you learn from the novel Grief Child?
Misfortunes don’t come they come in batalliors
Tough times don’t lust but tough periods do
What goes around comes around, truth can never be hidden forever
Education is the key to successful life
True love erases bad memories
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 A friend in need is a friend indeed
Appearance can be deceptive
Fate is a force beyond our control
Forgive and forget, forgiveness heals hand heartened hearts
Courtesy costs nothing
Problem shared is a problem solved
One good turn deserves another
What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger
In a sea of injustice, there is a pillar of love and just
Birds of the same feathers flock together
Culture is no child’s play
Teach the child ways of life and so shall he take upon them
Mark as a while – 20 marks

John Steinbeck The pearl.

11) Describe the character of Juana and show how she helps Kino endure the hardships
in The pearl

Juana is the wife to Kino and a mother to Coyotito. She is a strong arch in Kino’s life
especially after the discovery of the pearl

She is obedient and respectful especially to her husband

Cheerful

Patient especially with Kino when he discovers the pearl Kino is over ambition but
Juana strikes closer

Courageous

She is loving and caring - she demands that Coyotito be taken to the doctor for
treatment and also cooks and takes care of Kino

Hardworking – cooks, nurses coyotito

She is intelligent and rational able to logically analyse situations and act quickly like
when she gets to know that the pearl is evil and wants to throw it back in to the ocean

She is traditional, follows the tradition tracts if a good wife who allows her husband to
lead her

she is protective of her family

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she us supportive

10 : 10

Or mark as a whole = 20 marks

12) “The pearl is evil.” In which ways is the pearl evil:

The pearl is not evil. The people have given it more important and power than it
deserves. The pearl is hope and providence to Kino’s family

The doctor does not treat Coyotito because his parents cannot pay for his treatment but
when the pearl is discovered the doctor claims that Coyotito in order to get a share on
the pearl

The priest visits the Kinos also to get a share of pearl if their baptized Coyotito, wedded

Kino’s family attacked and Kino kills a man just to protect the pearl

Juana tries to throw the pearl back in the ocean but Kino stops her. Kino beats the wife
because of the madness of the pearl

Kino originally wanted the pearl to pay Coyitito’s treatment but everyone believes the
pearl is powerful and when the pearl is thrown he has gained from the pearl

Kino is almost cheated by the pearl buyers. Obviously everyone wants this pearl,
everyone wants its power so people will try to cheat their into getting that pearl

Everyone has just become greedy and evil over the pearl. Kino Juana and Coyotito set
out to the big aty to sell the pearl but they notice they are being followed and that they
are definitely in danger

Coyotito is killed and Kino decides to cut his trip a little short. He kills the trackers and
a little short.

He kills the trackers and returns home

He throws the pearl back in the Ocean

Silvester Onzivua Heart Soothers

13) Discuss the importance of Iyaa’s pot in the play and what does it’s destruction
symbolize

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The pot symbolizes African Traditional culture and its breaking symbolizes the
disintergration and erosion of Africa cultural heritage for the pot had been in the family
for more than three generations

When the pot breaks, it symbolizes the disintegration of the African cultural. That’s the
simmering conflict between Iyaa’s and Mini’s conflict

In the breaking of the pot, Iyaa not only laments but also predicts her own death, the
death of her son, Jimmy and also death of traditional African society

It can nolonger be passed on from one generation to another. The saucepan that has
replaced the pot is not strong enough to defeat the encroachment of the years

Only the pot can out – maneuver the years hence modernity cannot last long

Through the pot play wright use if to show the need of preserving the traditional values
and culture

It symbolizes secreration and hypocrisy

The pot is love and affectionate from Iyaa wo also got from her mother who also got it
from her mother who also got it from her mother

Mark as a whole = 20marks

14) How does Min’s friendship with Florence influence what happens in the play Heart
soother?

Florence is a close friend to Mini who advises her on what to do

She brings suspicion about Jimmy having a girlfriend

She brings advices Mini to go a native doctor.

She advices Mini to question Jimmy about his safaris

She entangles Mini’s marriage by digging deer into other relations of Jimmy

She advices Mini to get herself a heart soother

Their relationship opens doors to desertion in Mini’s marriage

Florence is a wolf in a sheep’s skin a hypocrite at the highest peak

Florence bridges hatred between Mini and Jimmy

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Florence is an image of a wet blanket

Mark as a whole = 20 marks

Okia Omtatah Okoiti Voice of The People

15) Do you find the play the Voice of the people relevant to Uganda today? Give
reasons

A candidate is expected to be specific with the events. Characters related to what takes
place ones society

Corruption

Selling of Mabira forest

Closure of some media houses

Arresting some individuals against the current government

Luxurious life style

Demonstration / strikes

Clinging on power at all costs

Unemployment

Dictatorship and outcry wherry sensitive decisions are politically influenced to favour
those in power

Denial of human rights by repressive government

A candidate who answers with monotony of “my society” should be penalized

16) what is the importance of Nasirumbi in the play voice of the people?

Nansirumbi is the leader of mother’s front. Boss is against her but she exports all the
evil and dirt done by Boss and his acomplices

She is shown as

Intelligent

Honest

Patriotic

168
She helps in the advancement of the plot through Nasirumbi Boss and sibour are
exposed

Corruption

Cunning

Dictators

Cheiuvinistic

Nasirumbi highlight

Corruption

Materialism

Un employment

Dictatorship

Nasirumbi sustains the plot from one event to another

Well illustrated essay

Mark as a whole = 20 marks

Victor Byabamazima Shudowr of Time

17) Discuss the theme of love and marriage us portrayed in shadows of time

Love June has for sister Florence

Love Jane and Mike

Love Florence and Steven

Flora and the son

Love and marriage between flora and Steve

Mike and June

169
Candidates should differentiate love and lust some of the relationships are for lust and
not love

Mark as a whole = 20 marks

If Described the character of Flores in the novel shadows of time

Flora Wangu is the main character

Naïve- Flora has not known any man and she has no boy friend and the mere fact of
speaking of Tom excites her

Immoral / seductive / lustful / promiscuous / flirtatious

When Tom approaches her, she thrown the pencil on the ground to expose herself.
When mike visits she changes to a shorter dress etc, with simon

Courageous; Flora has courage after the abusive relationships she has had but gives
chance to love and married steve – even the event of abortion needs courage

Guilible

Pacifist: she prefers peace to violence when Tom haunts her down in her marriage

Materialistic

Ambitious

Loving and curing

Sacrificial

Flexible

Powerless

Remorseful

Contemplative

Mark as a whole = 20marks

Things Fall apart

19) Discuss Okonkwo’s strengths and weakness in the novel Things fall Apart

Okonkwo is unka’s only son

170
He is able to throw Amalinza the cat in the wrestling match

He is a warrior and does not fear blod like the father

Okonkwo works hard in his farm and has three barns full of yams

He beats his wife during the week of peace

He tries hard not to be like his father but he shows some weakness when he kills
Ikemefuna. He spends some days without food and sleepless nights

He dislikes music not to be thought weak like his father unoka

Fears to express his feelings towards Ikemefuna and even after his death. He follows
Ekwefu into the forest in pursuit of Ezinma

He has no patience especially for unsuccessful men espically those without titles

He marries three wives and fathers several children

He stands firm against the white man invasion. He ends up killing the white man’s
messengers and hence commits sucide

He rules his family with an iron hand. This is seen the way he treat Nwoye who ends up
joining Christianity

He observes several customs and traditions

Mark as a whole = 20 marks

20) Describe the different traditional beliefs of the umuofia people in the novel, things
fall apart

During the week of peace no one is supposed to do anything tht annoys the gods but
Okonkwo beets the wife

A man did not inherit anything from his father but achieved everything through hard
work like Okonkwo

A man has to attain tittles in the Umuofian society for hard work, bravely

The egwugwu’s administer Justice

Victims of stranger diseases are thrown in the evil forest until you die like unoka

Kola nuts and palm wine is a sign of hospital

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Marriage is one treasured custom in Umofia. Bride price is a must

Marriage was between families not individuals

The osu’s are not allowed to cut off their hair and also associate with other normal
people

A python was a scared thing and it was not killed when a convert Enock kills the
python it was unheard of

Well illustrated essay

Mark as a whole = 20 marks

Daniel Mengara : Mema

21) What lessons do you drew from the novel mema?

 Fate is a force beyond our control

 A friend in need is a friend in deed
 Aproblem shared, aproblem solved
 Donot judge a book by its cover
 What does not kill you makes you stronger
 Education is the key to life
 Politeness costs nothing but pays a lot
 Poverty can dehumanize a person
 Prevention is better than cure
 Self-control
 East or west home is the best place
 Well illustrated pts
 Make as a whole = 20 marks
22) Describe the character of mema in the novel mema

She is the narrator is mother mema macro mother

She is loving and caring

She is assertive

Bold / brave / daring / couregous

Intelligent / wise /clever

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 Hot temered / violent

She was a freat talker / eloquent

Hopeful that one day her husband will recover

Strong – willed

Quarrelsome

23a) What is the poem about? 03 marks

The poem is about gossips, Gossips are shapeless, creativity, sweet. Gossip donot
have the author. Gossips is done by females, its their entertainment from stress
caused by men. It’s a disgrace for a man to gossip

b) Describe the character of gossips as depicted in the poem

 shapeless - have neither tail nor head

 sweet – never stopping – deceitful
 entertaining / smoother
 creativity – create a clay cow until it cries moos
 wild
well illustrated character

c) What is the speaker’s attitude towards the gossips

hatred

disgusted

disappoint

despair

anger /annoyed/ furious / bitter

surprised 04 marks

d) How relevant is this poem to your society

Tv programmes like line wire, Round about

Social media – facebooks, whatsapp

173
Any 5 × 1 = 05 marks

24) select a poem you have studied on theme of Love and use it to answer the following
questions

a) Poems on the theme of love

Lullaby Akam

My will Lorna Goodson

The beloved Fulani

The Zalu girl Roy campbel

Armanda Jared Angiru

The mulatta as Penelope Lorna Goodison

Let me not to the marriage of true minds Willam Shakespear

And when you balance on your head Okot P bitek]

Correct title of poem = 01 mark

Correct name of poet = 01 mark

b) what does the poem say about love?

The subject matter of the peom

OR

The meaning of the poem according to candidate’s choice

c) What lessons do you learn from this poem?

d) Explain why you have chosen this particular poem

Explain why you have chosen this particular poem

The title attractive

Subject matter familiar

Simple language

Lessons

174
Repetition of certain words

Feelings

Relevancy

Tone, mood

Any illustrated point 1× 6 = 06

25) ways of the world

a) what is the poem about?

The speaker spots a youthful attractive girl at the bus stop. He describes her as a sexy
beautiful youngster, he decides not to talk to her for her for she is a student and an
under age. When he goes to a bar the same evening, he is shocked to meet her dressed
in a different way she is getting cosy with the speakers’s own father. The speaker meets
this girl once more at the bus stop. The young girl is now faded / lyeless/ and pregnant

The speaker wonders what we are doing to our daughter

Any 6pts × 1 = 6 marks

b) Describe the character of the girl

 Youthful / immature
 Careless / naïve / innonence
 Immoral / lustful / seductive
 Materialist
c) Explain the meaning of the following phrase

i) eyes flashing with life – energetic / full of life / happy

ii) swallowed hard – controlled

iii) choked into my glass embarrassed / schocked/ surprised / ahamed of the father’s
action

iv) gazing unseeing – deep on thought / absent minded

d) what makes the poem interesting

1. little – attractive m/ ironical

2. subject matter
3. structure – long / short
175
4. well punctuated
5. repetition
6. imagery
7. feelings – eg shorked , embarrassed annoyed
8. lessons
26) select a Poem from an anthology from East African poetry, written by Jared
Angira and use it to answer the following questions

a) Tides of Time

Armanda

No coffin, no Grave

The street

The siege of Ramoji

Primus priority

Correct title = 2 marks

What is the poem about?

Any 3 with illustration = (06 marks)

How relevant is the poem to your society.

A candidate is expected to be specific with related to what takes place in their

society. Eg mbarara, a name of an individual earns 2marks × 3 marks = 6

Any general answer like “in my society “earns

1 × 3 = 03 marks

d) Explain why you have chosen this particular poem

the title is attractive

relevancy
subject matter – familiar
tone, mood
simple language
any illustrated point 1× 6 =
lessons 06

repetition of certain words

176
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP 845/1
1. (a) Budget for business start up expenses

NB: Contents to be considered

- Business name and address

- Items title (document name)

- Table of contents with,

 Column for particular / Details

 Quantity column
 Unit cost column
 Amount column
- Total projected amount
- Details of the person that has prepared the budget
- Provision for the person to approve
- Frame

Particular may include

- Business license expenses

- Business name registration expenses
- Expenses on machine installation
- Market research expenses
- Advertising expenses
- Recruitment expenses for employees
- Expenses on installation of utilities
- Expenses on training of the recruited employees

(b) Factors that will be considered when selecting machinery for the project

- Durability of the machine / quality of the machine / life span

- Mode/make / type of the machine
- Sources of the machine
- Cost of the machine
- Guarantee given on the machine / warranty on the machine
- Production capacity of the machine
- Power consumption of the machine
- Flexibility of the machine /Adaptability of the machine
- Nature of labour force available /availability of man

177
 - Availability of other equipment /availability of spare parts

(c) Components of the marketing plan

- Business name and address

- Items title / document name/ document identify
- Product offered by the business
- Target consumers
- Pricing strategy
- Distribution strategy
- Sales promotion and advertising strategy
- Level of competition
- Projected marketing expenses

(d) Insurance policies that can be applied for

- Theft and burglary policy / cover

- Machine breakdown and consequential loss cover/ policy
- Fire policy / cover
- Workman’s compensation policy / employer’s liability
- Loss of profit policy
- Loss of money in transit policy
- Fidelity policy
- Life insurance policy for manager and employees
- Motor accident policy
- Third party insurance cover
- Bad debts policy

2. (a) Content of an inquiry note

- Business name and address

- Business logo
- Date
- Document of items
- Details of the suppliers
- Quality specification
- Rate per unit
- Quality specification
- Terms and condition of sale discount, free transport
- Lead time
- Mode of payment

178
- Frame

(b) Factors considered when selecting potential suppliers of kitchen

ware

- Distance between the suppliers and the business

- Terms and condition of sales offered by the suppliers
- Cost of the kitchen ware suppliers
- Quality of kitchen ware materials
- Load time offered by the supplier
- Reliability of the suppliers
- Quantities offered by the suppliers
- Accessibility to the supplier

(c) Contents of an official letter

- Business name and address

- Business logo
- Business reference details
- Date
- Inside address/ receiver’s address
- Receivers reference
- Official salutation (dear Sir/ Madam)
- Subject line (RE:….)
- Body/ subject clause
- Complementary clause
- Enclosure (Enc)
- Carbon copy (cc)
- Frame

(d) The community benefit from the project in the following ways

- Employment opportunities are attained

- Kitchenware materials are supplied to the community
- Taxes paid to the local government and revenue collected
- Market offered to the local supplies of food stuff & manufacturers of
kitchenware
- Security promoted in the community
- Participation in community development activities
- Promotion of skill development especially the employees e.g finance
marketing etc

179
 - Promotes the establishment of other business e.g restaurant etc
- Promotion of infrastructural development

3. (a) Source of employees for the business

- Community / society
- Competing baking business
- Vocational schools teaching foods and nutrition
- Labour unions
- Adverts from news papers
- Friend and family
- Solicited application

(b) Duties of the human resource manager in the initial stage of the
business

- Undertaking man power planning

- Determining the number of employees need and their qualities
- Adverting the available posts in the business
- Organizing interviews for the applicants
- Defining duties and responsibilities of workers
- Inducting the employees
- Undertaking supervision and monitoring of employees
- Promoting the welfare of employees
- Appraising employees to employees and fridge benefits

(c). Organizational structure

180
 Business name and address

Document name

SHARE HOLDERS

GENERAL MANAGER

PRODUCTION FINANCE MARKETING HUMAN

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER RESORUCE
MANAGER

MAKERTIER ASSISTANT
TECHNICIANS ACCOUNTANT HUMAN
RESOURCE
MANAGER

OTHER EMPLOYEES

(d) Guidelines to ensure producing and efficiency of workers

Business name and address--------------

Items title -----------------
- Workers shall be supervised and monitored to minimize on errors
- Workers shall be trained to enable them acquire relevant knowledge and
skills
- Performance appraisals shall be conducted to enable workers remain
competitive
- Supportive tools, equipment and machinery shall be provided to simplify
the work done by the employees
- Working condition shall be improved to motivate employees to work hard
employees shall be assured of job security to enable them achieve
maximum concentration
- Workers shall be paid a fair wage to enable them love the work they do
- Employees shall be paid in time to enable them meet their personal
desires
- Fringe benefits shall be given to the workers to motivate them work hard

181
 - Clear instructions shall be given to employees to enable them perform
good work
- Effective communication shall be done to ensure that the communication
gap between management and workers is closed
- Recreation facilities shall be offered to employees to enable them relax
and refresh their minds and bodies
- Workers shall be involved in decision making on matters concerning their
welfare e.g salaries , meals etc. to inspire them to work hard

NB:

- A candidate has to use shall

- Must be specific
- Must avoid personalizing the answers (,I, we, my, our)
- Point should be supported with objectives

4(i) bought journal

BECKY TRADERS
BOUGHT JOURNAL
FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER -2021
DR CR
Date Details Invoice no. Folio Invoice
totals (shs)

December 1st Annet 02 PL1 1,200,000/=

5th Dodi traders 14 PL2 800,000/=

12th Annet 24 PL1 900,000/=

19th Musa 07 PL3 950,000/=

25th Opio 08 PL4 500,000/=

31st Transfer totals to 4,350,000/=

purchase A/C

182
Sales journal

BECKY TRADERS
SALES JOURNAL
FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 2021
DR
CR
Date Details Invoice no. Folio Invoice
totals (shs)

December 3rd Mary 01 SL1 1,000,000/=

6th Mukasa 09 SL2 750,000/=

21st Jane 17 SL3 600,000/=

23rd Jane 26 SL3 700,000/=

31st Transfer the totals 3,050,000/=

to sales A/C

Returns inwards journal

BECKY TRADERS
RETURNS OUTWARDS JOURNAL
FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 2021
DR
CR
Date Details Invoice no. Folio Invoice
totals (shs)

December 9th Annet 06 70,000/=

21st Musa 06 80,000/=

26th Opio 17 42,000/=

31st December Transfer totals to 192,000/=

purchase A/C

183
Return outwards journal

BECKY TRADERS
RETURN INWARDS JOURNAL
FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 2021
DR
CR
Date Details Invoice no. Folio Invoice
totals (shs)

December 11th Mary 30 50,000/=

18th Mukasa 31 50,000/=

16th Jane 44 100,000/=

31st December Transfer totals to 200,000/=

purchase A/C

(b) Benefits of selling on credit

- It gives business a competitive advantage

- It creates a positive relationship between the business and the credit
customer
- High prices are charged on credit supplies
- Helps to retain old customers
- Helps to attract new customers thus increasing the market share
- Helps to introduce a new product
- It promotes the image of the company and product name
- It helps to overcome crisis in business like expiry of goods
- Helps to create storage space for new products
- Producer benefit in times of a deflation
- Gives the producer a high bargaining power

184
5. ROADSIDE TRADERS
TRADING, PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019
PARTICULARS (SHS) (SHS) (SHS)

Sales 1,280,000

Less Return inwards 60,000

Net sales 1,220,000

Less cost of sales

Opening stock 230,000

Add purchase 900,000

Add carriage inwards 150,000

Total purchase 1,050,000

Less purchase returns 50,000

Net purchases 1,000,000

Good available for sale 1,230,000

Less closing stock 360,000

Cost of sales 870,000

Gross profit 350,000

Add: Additional incomes

- Discount received 10,000

- Interest received
40,000
Total additional income
50,000
Gross income
400,000
Less operating expenses

- Insurance
- Postage and telephone 30,000
- Discount allowed

185
Total operating expenses 90,000

Net profit 30,000

150,000

250,000

Roadside traders

Balance sheet
As at 31st December 2019
DETAILS (SHS) (SHS) (SHS)

Fixed Assets

- Land and buildings 1,200,00

- Motor vehicle
900,000
Total fixed assets
2,100,000
Add working capital

Current asset

- Debtors
- Cash 150,000
- Bank
- Stock 200,000
Total current assets
130,000
Less current liabilities
360,000
Creditors
840,000
Working capital

Capital employed
310,000
Financed by
530,000
Capital
2,630,000
Add net profit

Capital before drawings

1,840,000

186
 Less drawings 250,000

Capital after drawings 2,090,000

Add long term liabilities 60,000

Bank loan 2,030,000

Net equity

600,000

2,630,000

(b) Components of a balance sheet

- Capital
- Assets
- Liabilities

187
 ENTREPRENUERSHIP 845/2
SECTION A
1(a)(i) A risk is a situation where a person takes on an activity with uncertain outcomes
(1 mark)

(ii) Factors considered when assessing risks in business

 Experience and abilities of the person involved in business

 Political climate
 Viability /profitability of a business idea
 Availability of market
 Pricing policies and strategies
 Cash flow and capital requirements
 Flexibility of the business
 Honesty and reliability
 Market stability in economic circles
 Size and power of competition
 Quality and reliability of the risk
 Cost of insurance
 Predictability of demand
 Inventory requirements
 Initial investment costs
 Legislation and control
 Time required to generate profit
 Seasonal demand
 Exclusiveness of design

( Any 3× 1)3

(b) Causes of un employment in Uganda

 High population
 Discrimination in the job market/labour market
 Rural –Urban migration
 Inappropriate education and training
 Poor attitude towards work
 Lack of information on available job opportunities
 Political instability in some parts of Uganda

188
  Changes in season e.g. Agriculture
 Use of advanced technology
 Physical and mental disabilities
 The nature of land ownership
 Changing jobs
 Shortage of capital
(Any 4× 1) 4 marks

(c) Consequences of a degraded environment

 Ill health due to production

 Drought and famine
 Lack of raw materials
 Extinction of some spices
 Change in climate
 Reduction in soil fertility
(4× 1)4𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(d) Factors considered when assessing market potential

 Demand
 Competition
 Prices
 Income levels
 The location of the business
 The number of people
 Government policies
(4× 1)4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(e)(i) Forms of business ownership in Uganda

 Sole trade (sole proprietorship)

 Partnership
 Limited company
 Co-operatives
(2× 1)2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

e(ii) Factors that affect location of business premises

 Market
 Source of materials
189
  Access to transport and communication network
 Availability of premises to be purchased or leased
 Government policy on ;location of businesses
 Power
 Water
 Security
 Availability of business support services
(2× 1)2𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

F(i)Instruments used in Uganda Capital markets

 Bonds
 Shares
 Debentures
 Commercial papers
2× 1(2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

(ii) Role of capital markets in development of the economy

 Raising funds
 Provision of market to sell and buy share
 Inflow of international capital(foreign exchange)
 Creation of employment
 Leading to better standards of living
 Controlling of money in circulation
 Helping in determining company performance
 Approving collective investment schemes
 Approving stock exchange and the securities central depository
 Regulating the operation of compensation funds
2× 1(2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

g(i)Lead time ,is the average time that passes from the time an entrepreneur places an
order for the supplies up to the time he or she receives the deliveries

1× 1(1𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

While

Pre-order level ,is the point at which a new order for inventories should be placed in
order to receive it before the inventories at hand are finished
1× 1(1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
190
 OR

The minimum inventory the firm should have before a new order is made.

(ii)Merits of proper packaging of goods

 Protects goods
 Makes portability easy
 Provides relevant information
 Provides name of the producer
 Preserves goods
 Promotes goods
 Portioning is easy
 Makes distribution easy
 Makes selling easy
 Self-service is very possible
 Instruction labels guide customer
 Makes product differentiation
2× 1(2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

h. principles of insurance

 Indemnity
 Subrogation
 Insurable interest
 Utmost good faith
 Proximate cause
 Contribution
( 4 × 1)4 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

I) Business laws applicable in Uganda

 Company law
 Business Name Registration Act
 Public Health Act
 Food and drugs Act
 Environmental law
 Weights and measures act
 Environmental law
 Consumer protection law

191
  Trade licensing Act
(4×
1)4𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

J Categories of capital used in business

 Fixed capital
 Current capital
 Net worth
 Working capita
 Trading capital
 Capital employed
4× 1(4𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

2(a) Importances of doing work

 It gives social recognition

 It increases people’s income
 Helps to improve standards of living
 Helps people to use resources ,talents, knowledge and skills productively
 Makes people to become useful to society and helpful to society
 Gives people independence and self-revenue
 Helps people to meet their family requirement
 It gives people independence and revenue
 Creates a competitive spirit which enables people to acquire property
 It helps people save and prepare for their old age
Any 8× 1(8 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

(b) Personal qualities that lead to success in business

 Hard work
 Persistence
 Loyalty
 Creativity and originality
 Result oriented
 Innovation and initiative
 Concern for quality and efficiency
Any 6× 2(12 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

3(a) Why is it necessary to conduct market Survey

192
  To find out whether there are enough customer or not
 To establish the location of target customers
 To forecast the level of customer’s demand in future
 To establish the income levels of target customers
 To determine the market gaps of unsatisfied customers
 To determine the strength and weakness of customers
 To establish the suitable distribution channel
 To determine the effective marketing strategies for the business
(8× 1)8𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b) Methods used when conducting survey

 Observation
 Interviewing
 Internet
 Questionnaires
 SWOT
 Writing information
 Experimenting
 Sampling
6× 2(12 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

4(a) various types of distribution channels

 Short/direct/producer to consumer distribution channels

 Retail distribution channel
 Whole sale distribution channel/long/traditional distribution channel
 Marketing and selling distribution channel/ agent’s distribution channel
(4×
2)8𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b) Factors considered when selecting a distribution Channel

 Nature of the product

 Reliability of the channel and its image
 Cost effectiveness
 Location of target customers
 Availability of storage facilities
 Nature of the market
 Nature of middle men
193
  Degree of control of the distribution channel
 Speed and urgency of the product
 Degree of competition
(6× 2)12𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

5(a) Services offered by commercial banks

 Receiving and safe guarding deposits on account

 Advocancing loans and over drafts
 Offering safe custody of valuable items
 Offering money transfer services
 Providing convenient means of payments
 Advising customers on financial issues
 Buying and selling foreign currency
 Acting as trustees
 Acting as referees to customers
08× 1(08 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

(b) Features of a current account

 A minimum initial deposit must be made in the bank when opening the current
account
 The account holder is allowed to use a cheque to pay other people from his
account
 Deposits and withdrawals can be made any time and any amount
 Ledger fees are charged from the customers for any transactions made on the
account
 Withdraw from the current account, the current holder issues a cheque
 Overdrafts are possible provided the customer has an arrangement with the bank
 Account holder is not required to maintain a minimum account balance
 Account holder receives a bank statement as regular intervals or when he/she
specifically requests for it
 No interest is paid on deposits on a current account

6(a) What brings about a difference in salaries paid workers

 Difference in the level of education

 Difference in productivity level / Efficiency of labour

194
  Difference in ability of the employer to pay
 Difference in demand and supply for labour
 Difference in nature of the job/risks involved
 Difference in terms of job employment
 Difference in the strength of trade unions
 Difference in bargaining power of individuals
 Difference in the number of hours worked
 Difference in the responsibilities
 Difference in profits made by the employers
 Difference in working conditions
 Difference in social factors
(10× 1)10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b) Departments that exist in an organized business

 Administration
 Finance department
 Production department
 Security department
 Procurement department
 Sales, marketing and distribution
 Legal department
(5×
2)10 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

195
COMMERCE 800/1
UMTA MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1.D 11.D

2.A 12.D

3.D 13.C

4.A 14.D

5.B 15.C

6.D 16.A

7.C 17.C

8.B 18.D

9.B 19.B

10.A 20.A

20× 1=20 marks

SECTION B

21(a) Primary production is the getting the raw materials provided by nature out of
land. (2 marks)

While

Secondary production is where raw materials produced at primary level are transformed
into more useful form which satisfy human wants (2 marks)

b) The importance of land in the production process.

(i) land is used for transportation of finished goods and raw materials

(ii) All production activities takes place on land

Land acts as an asset to acquire loan

(iii) Land provides raw materials such as minerals which are used in production

(iv) Production units such as factories, schools are constructed on land

196
(V) land is used for disposing waste products from the production process

(vi) Land is used for settlement of workers

Any 4× 2 = 08 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

B(ii) Importances of Labour in the production process

(i) Labour operates machines during the production process / provide man
power
(ii) Labour improves on the quality ouput
(iii) Labour increases out put
(iv) Labour helps to transport raw materials and the distribution of finished
goods
(v) Helps in advertising / promoting awareness
(vi) Labour markets the products of its business / create awareness of the product
(vii) Labour enhances its image of its business

Any 04× 2 = 08 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

4+08+08=20marks

2(a) Five types of large scale retailers in Uganda.

(i) Supermarkets
(ii) Departmental stores
(iii) Multiple shops/chain stores
(iv) Mail –Order Business
(v) Hypermarkets – large item supermarkets of provides a one shop centre
(vi) Discount stores
(vii) Consumers cooperatives

Mentioning 1mk

Explain 1mk

Any 5× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b)five disadvantages of large scale retail in businesses

(i) There is lack of personal contact between employees and operate and the owner
of the business

(ii) A lot of capital is required to establish and manage large scale businesses

197
(iii) large scale retail business tend to have increased expenses such as Rent, Electricity,
bills continuous advertising etc.

(iv) The business is difficult to manage because of being over sized

(vi) The business is Not flexible

(viii) They do not extend credit facilities

(ix) They tend to operate from Urban areas and their services may not reach
customers in rural areas.
Any 5× 2 = 10 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
10+10 = 20𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
23(a) Any five reasons why countries impose restrictions in trade.
(i)To avoid dumping of foreign goods in the domestic market.
(ii) To protect domestic market infant industries from competition which
may be caused by high quality imports
(iii) To improve on the Country’s Balance of payment position by reducing
on the volume of imports
(iv) So as to generate revenue inform of taxes which are imposed on imports
Protects its people from poor quality goods

(v)To encourage employment opportunities from home industries and by

controlling the importation of manpower.

(viii) To encourage full utilization of resources by discouraging the importation of

resources such as raw materials
(ix) To discourage the importation of dangerous goods like fire arms
(x) To avoid imported inflation by putting a total ban on commodities from
countries experiencing inflation
(xi) To control or reduce political dominance by foreign companies
(xii) For retaliation purpose
(xiii) To promote a self Reliant Economy
(xiv) In order to promote regional trade.
Any 5× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b) Five tools used to restrict foreign trade

(i) Using tariffs

(ii) By using total ban/trade embargo

(iii) By using imports and export licenses

198
(iv) By fixing import Quotas

(v) By subsidizing local producers/subsidization policy

(vi) Through long documentation procedures/administrative Controls

(vii) Devaluation policy

(viii) By establishing the import substitution industries in the country

(ix)Use of trade agreement /state trade

(x) By making trade block/Regional cooperation

(xi) Through foreign exchange control/ exchange rate control
(xii) Through transport discrimination.
(xiii) Quality control requirements/sanitary regulations
(xiv) Deflationary policy
(xv) Prepayments of taxes/prepaid taxes
Any 5× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
10+10=20marks

24(a) A partnership deed is a written agreement among partners which states the rules
and regulations that govern partners while conducting the business (2 marks)

While

Partnership act is the law passed by parliament to govern partnership in case of

misunderstandings among partners where there is no written agreement (2 marks)

(b) Eight contents of the partnership Act of 1891

(i) Every partner has the right to take part in the running of the business
(ii) All misunderstandings among partners to be dissolved according to the majority
decisions
(iii) Any change in the nature of business should be decided by all partners.
(iv) All profits and losses to be shared equally
(v) No salary should be paid to an active partner
(vi) No interest is to be allowed on capital contributed by partners
(vii) No interest is charged on drawings made by partners.
(viii) Any loan given to the firm by a partner should be paid interest of 5% p.a
(ix) All partners are entitled to participate in management equally.
(x) Every partner has the right to access and inspect the books of accounts of the
business.
Any 08× 2 = 16 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
199
 4+16=20marks

25(a) A catalogue is a booklet which contains a brief description and illustration of

each item available for sale (2 marks)

While

An order form is a request by the buyer to the seller to supply the type and quantity of
goods specified by the buyer (2 marks)

(b) Eight contents of an order form

(i) Name and Address of the Buyer

(ii) Name and Address of the seller
(iii) Date when it is made
(iv) Order Number
(v) Description of each item and its serial number
(vi) Address for which goods will be delivered
(vii) Preferred means of transport
(viii) Quantity of each item
Any 08× 2 = 16
4+16=20marks

26(a) Five roles played by tourism industry in Uganda

(i) Provision of employment

(ii) Creates good image of the country
(iii) Source of government revenue
(iv) Encourages development of Urban centres
(v) Preservation of cultural sites
(vi) Development of the infrastructure
(vii) Has enabled balanced development
(viii) Promotion of land use
(ix) Promotion of good relationship among nations / promote foreign Trade
(x) Diversification of the economy
(xi) Promotion of the film industry
(xii) Conservation of wild life
(xiii) Has promoted acquisition of skills
Any 05× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

(b) Challenges facing the tourism industry in Uganda.

(i) Poaching –Animals are killed for hides

200
 (ii) Language Barrier.People don’t know the foreign language
(iii) Ignorance and poverty .Most people look at tourism as a wastage of
resources
(iv) Political instabilities in some areas
(v) Poor communication
(vi) Harsh climatic conditions
(vii) High corruption rates
(viii) Wild animals attack
(ix) Limited government support
(x) High population growth rate
(xi) Inadequate financing
(xii) Lack of interest by the locals
(xiii) Inadequate skilled labour
(xiv) Poor hospitality
(xv) Prevalence of pests and diseases
(xvi) Competition from neighbouring countries
(xvii) Inadequate publicity .Many tourist attractions are not known
Any 05× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
10+10 = 20𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

27(a) Five barriers to effective communication.

(i) Physical impairment or disability

(ii) Destruction of information by noise
(iii) Emotional blocks eg having anger towards the sender
(iv) Poor network and signals which affects telephones,radios & internet
(v) Language barrier,People of different languages
(vi) Illetracy of the sender and receiver of the message
(vii) Poor listening skills like not being attentive
(viii) Limited post office /limited service provider making it difficult to send
letters
(ix) Differences in culture and signs used by different people
(x) Distrust which may lead to ignoring the communication by the receiver
(xi) Distortion of non-verbal communication as signs may have a different
meaning
(xii) Poor message preparation which is characterized with so many errors.
(xiii) Misinterpretation /differing perception /unfarmiliar terminologies
(xiv) Poor postal services which leads to delays and loss of letters.
(xv) Unfavourable appearance of the sender /receiver of the message
(xvi) Resistance between the sender and receiver
201
 (xvii) Information overload which may lead to ignoring or forgetting some
information.
(xviii) Use of wrong channel or address of communication
(xix) Lack of interest by the receiver concerning the subject matter.
Any 05× 2 = 10𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠\

(b)Five factors considered when choosing the means of communication

(i) Urgency of the message:For urgency required information then use a telephone
(ii) Confidentiality and secrecy of the message ;letters are the best for this.
(iii) Details: For messages requiring a lot of details , written communiation
is the best .
(iv) Distance involved :for short distances use face to face and for long,letters
and telephones should be used
(v) Record of reference: Written Communication is good for flows
(vi) Costs involved:letters are cheaper compaired to telephones
(vii) Immediate feedback :telephones give immediate feedback than any other
form
(viii) Need for democracy: Written Communication can be used for accuracy
(ix) Personality of the recipient;If the receipient is having a hearing
difficult,then sign language may be the best.
(x) Availability of the medium:The communication should use the media available

28(i) Cost of sales=opening stock +Net purchases –Closing stock

Opening stock=shs 4000,000

Closing stock=shs 3,000,000

Net purchases =Purchases- Purchases Returns

=5,000,000-600,000

=shs. 4,400,000 01

Cost of sales=4,000,000+4400,000 01

3000,000

=8,400,000-3,000,000

=shs.5,400,000≠

(ii) Gross profits= Net sales- Cost of sales

202
 Cost of sales=shs 5,400,000

Net sales =sales- Sales Returns

=8,000,000-500,000

=shs 7,500,000 01

Gross profit=7,500,000-5,400,000 01

=shs 2,100,000 01

(iii) Net profit=Gross profit-Expenses/over heads

=2,100,000-600,000 01

Shs.1,500,000≠ 01
𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘+𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘
(IV)Average stock= 01
2

4,000,000+3,000,000
=
2

7,000,000
=
2

=shs 3,500,000≠

V Cost of goods available for sale

=Opening stock + Net purchases

=4,000,000+4,400,000 01

=shs 8,400,000 01

203
 COMPUTER STUDIES 840 / 1
Paper 1

SECTION A
1. A term in computer terminology is a change in technology a
computer is/was being used.
A. Development
B. Generation B
C. Advancement
D. growth
2. This is a high-speed memory located between the main memory and
the CPU. What is it called

A. DRAM
B. Cache memory B
C. EEPROM
D. EPROM

3. What is used to increase the apparent size of physical memory?

A. Disks.
B. Virtual memory.
C. Hard-disk.
B
D. Secondary memory.

4. Dot-matrix, DeskJet, Laser, and Inkjet belong to which type of

computer hardware?

A. Monitor
B. Scanner D
C. Hardware
D. Printer

5. Which of the following computer used in weather fore casting,

nuclear research, and scientific application?

A. Mainframe computer
B. Minicomputer C
C. Supercomputer
D. Microcomputer
6. Which term is used to refer to the computers that are
used for storing web pages as files?
A. Internet
C
204
 B. Web clients
C. Web servers
D. World Wide Web

7. An HTML ______________________ takes text in one format and

changes it
to HTML code
A. A browser
B. Editor C
C. Converter
D. Processor

8. Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions

termed
as_____________
A. Computer programs
B. Computer data
C. Computer buses A
D. Computer instructions

9. When you save the following the data would remain intact even after
turning off computer?
A. RAM
B. Motherboard C
C. Secondary and Storage Device
D. Primary Storage Device

10. Which among the following hardware you usually can’t find inside
a
CPU Casing?
A. Power Supply box
B. Video card
C
C. Video display unit
D. Graphics processor
11. Which view helps to rearrange the slides easily and
quickly?
A. Notes page
B. Slide master C
C. Slide sorter
D. Normal
12. Which of the following enables us to view data from a table based
on a
specific criterion
A. Form B
205
 B. Query
C. Macro
D. Report
13. Which data type allows alphanumeric characters and special
symbols
to be entered?
A. Text
B. Memo A
C. Auto number
D. Mixed
14. __________ refers to a computer’s ability to run more than one
application at the same time.
A. Serial computing D
B. Operating system
C. Parallel computing
D. Multitasking
15. To safely remove a program from your computer, you might want
to
use what type of utility?
A. backup program D
B. file compression program
C. troubleshooting program
D. Uninstall.
16. You can use what utility to update all of your device drivers at the
same time?
A. Driver Update
B. Device Manager
D
C. Driver Verification Service (DVS)
D. Windows Update install program
17. How will Microsoft word respond in a repeated word.
A. A red wavy line under the repeated word
B. A green wavy line under the repeated word A
C. A blue wavy line under the repeated word.
D. A yellow wavy line under the repeated word.
18. A person who analyse the information system and have practical
experience of computers is classified as
A. System modifier
B. System analyst B
C. System updater
D. System promoter.
19. …………….. are difficult virus to identify as they keep on
changing
their type and signature.
A. Multipartie Virus
B. Polymorphic Virus
C. Boot Sector Virus B
206
 D. Non-resident Virus
20. DHCP stands for
A. Digital host communication provider
B. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol B
C. Digital host communication protocol
D. Dynamic Host Configuration Provider

SECTION B

21. (a) What is a topology.

(2Marks)
 Is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links,
peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the
layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only
physically but also logically.
(b) With illustration explain any two network topologies (4Marks)

Ring: The ring network connects each node to exactly two other
nodes, forming a circular pathway for activity or signals - a ring.
The interaction or data travels from node to node, with each
node handling every packet.
Diagram of ring topology

2 Mesh is a way to route data, voice and instructions

between nodes. It allows for continuous connections and
reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by “hopping”
from node to node until the destination is reached.

3 Star: The star network consists of one central element,

switch, hub or computer, which acts as a conduit to coordinate
activity or transmit messages.

207
 4 Tree: This consists of tree-configured nodes connected to
switches/concentrators, each connected to a linear bus
backbone. Each hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received
from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the
network, sometimes including the originating node. All
peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by
transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only.

5 Bus: In this network architecture a set of clients are

connected via a shared communications line, called a bus.

(c) List any four functions of an operating system.

(4Marks)

 Starting and restarting of a computer

 Controls the backing store and peripherals such as scanners
and printers.
 Deals with the transfer of programs in and out of memory.
 Organizes the use of memory between programs.
 Organizes processing time between programs and users.
 Maintains security and access rights of users.
 Deals with errors and user instructions.
 Allows the user to save files to a backing store.

208
  Provides the interface between the user and the computer - for
example, Windows Vista and Apple OSX. For more
information, see the User Interfaces study guide.
 Issues simple error messages.
22. (a) Explain the following terms as applied to word processing
(3Marks)
i) Drop cap
 is a large capital letter used as a decorative
element at the beginning of a paragraph or
section
 It’s a feature in word processing that inserts
a large capital letter at the beginning of the
paragraph.
ii) Watermark
 It’s a feature that creates ghosted text behind
the content on the page.
 A watermark is a faded background image
that displays behind the text in a document.
iii) Mail merge
 Mail merge is a feature within most data
processing applications that enables users to
send a similar letter or document to multiple
recipients.

(b) Give any three technological characteristics of fifth

generation
computers (
3Marks)
 The ULSI {Ultra Large Scale Integrated Microprocessor}
Technology is used in fifth generation computers.
 They use parallel processing.
 They primarily use a superconductor for a computer
processor.
 Artificial Intelligence is used in these 5th generations of
computers, and these characteristics are considered the most
acknowledged and utilized.
 The fifth-generation computer uses high GUI {Graphical User
Interface} in operating systems, applications software, and
multimedia. They are used to make the system more user-
friendly.

209
  These computers are more reliable and portable compared to
other generations of computers.
 They are relatively cheaper than their counterparts.
 They are commercial products.
 High-Level Languages can be easily used with them.
 Advanced input and output devices can be used and utilized
with them.
 They play a vital role in the development of the internet and
enhancement of www {World Wide Web}.

(c) Explain any two applications of computers in the field of

Education

(2Marks)
 Huge & organized store of information
 Audio-visual guides in teaching process for a
viable learning
 Quick Communication & Correspondence
 Computer Based Training
 Quick Access to Education

(d) (i) What is a dump terminal?

(2Marks)
 A dumb terminal is a terminal that does not performing local
processing of entered information, but serves only as an
input/output device for an attached or network-linked
processor.

(ii) Distinguish between Super computers and main frame

Computers

(2Marks
 Supercomputers are used for large and complex mathematical
computations. Supercomputer’s speed is more than Mainframe
computers so they can execute billions of instructions or floating-
point instructions within a second while as Mainframe Computers
210
 are less costly, small in size, and slower in speed than the
supercomputers. They are used as a storage for large database
and serve as a maximum number of users simultaneously.

23. (a) (i) Computers have both hardware and software. Hardware as
physical
parts of the computer are essential to the functioning of a
computer. As a
student of computer studies explain the term gaming input
hardware
devices give one example
(2Marks)
 is an input device used with video games or entertainment
systems to provide input to a video game, typically to
control an object or character in the game. Gaming
keyboards,joysticks,gaming mouse.

(ii) Briefly explain how we use a finger print scanner as a biometric

device

(2Marks)
 Optical scanner works is by shining a bright light over your
fingerprint and taking a digital photo. The light-sensitive
microchip makes the digital image by looking at the ridges and
valleys of the fingerprint, turning them into 1’s and 0’s, and
creates the user’s own personal code.

(iii) What is a system clock as related with the Cpu?

(1Mark)
 A system clock or system timer is a continuous pulse that
helps the computer clock keep the correct time

(b) Write short notes on the following utilities

(5Marks)
i) Formatting
 Preparing of a storage device for data storage
ii) Backup
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  refers to the copying of physical or virtual files or databases
to a secondary location for preservation in case of equipment
failure or catastrophe

iii) Antivirus
 is a program designed to detect and remove viruses and
other kinds of malicious software from your computer or
laptop
iv) Firewall
 A network security software that monitors and filters
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an
organization's previously established security policies.
v) Defragmentation
 is the process of locating the noncontiguous fragments of data
into which a computer file may be divided as it is stored on a hard
disk, and rearranging the fragments and restoring them into fewer
fragments or into the whole file.

24. (a) (i) Distinguish between absolute cell referencing and relative cell
reference
as used in spreadsheets.
(2Marks)
 Absolute cell referencing is a cell reference which doesn’t
change when copied to another cell while as relative cell
referencing is a cell reference which changes when copied
to another cell.

(ii) What is a worksheet in spreadsheets?

(1Mark)
 A worksheet is a collection of cells where you keep and
manipulate the data.

(b) Write the terms below in full

(3Marks)
i) HTTPs – Hypertext transfer protocol secure
ii) FTP - File transfer protocol.
iii) URL - Uniform resource locator
(c) (i) Nsegumire has start a school would like to use a computer and
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 computer software to establish easy the operation of his school by
entering
all record, modifying when necessary and easy retrieval . As a
Student of
computer studies advice which software to use to enter the data of
all his
students.
(1Mark)
 Microsoft access
 Oracle
 dBASE
 FoxPro
 Paradox
 FoxBase
 FileMaker Pro
 Lotus Approach

(ii) List any three advantages of using such software to ease the
operation
of the school.
(3Marks)
 Control of data redundancy: The database approach attempts to
eliminate the redundancy by integrating the files so that multiple
copies of the same data are not stored.
 Data consistency: If a data item is stored only once in the database,
any update to its value has to be performed only once and the new
value is available immediately to all users.
 More information from the same amount of data: With the
integration of the operational data, it may be possible for the
organization to derive additional information from the same data

 Sharing of data: Typically, files are owned by the people or

departments that use them. On the other hand, the database belongs to
the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users.
 Improved data integrity: Database integrity refers to the validity and
consistency of stored data.
 Improved security: Database security is the protection of the
database from unauthorized users. Without suitable security

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 measures, integration makes the data more vulnerable than file-based
systems.

 Economy of scale: Combining all the organization’s operational data

into one database, and creating a set of applications that work on this
one source of data, can result in cost savings.

 Improved data accessibility and responsiveness: Again, as a result

of integration, data that crosses departmental boundaries is directly
accessible to the end-users.

 Increased concurrency: Many DBMSs manage concurrent database

access, ensuring that two or more users are allowed to access the same
file simultaneously, without interfering with each other, or resulting
in loss of information or its integrity.

 Improved backup and recovery services: modern DBMSs provide

facilities to minimize the amount of processing that is lost following
a failure.
25. (a) Distinguish between hacking and Cracking
(2Marks)
 Hacking is any attempt to intrude into a computer or a network
without authorization cracking is the process of breaking into the
system with a malicious purpose and damages data intentionally.

(b) Mention any three ways of preventing Computer crimes.

(3Marks)
 Activity your firewall
 Using updated antivirus software.
 Use a full-service internet security suite. For instance, Norton
Security provides real-time protection against existing and emerging
malware including ransom ware and viruses, and helps protect your
private and financial information when you go online.
 Use strong passwords. Don’t repeat your passwords on different sites,
and change your passwords regularly. Make them complex.
 Keep your software updated. This is especially important with your
operating systems and internet security software.
 Manage your social media settings. Keep your personal and private
information locked down.
 Strengthen your home network It’s a good idea to start with a strong
encryption password as well as a virtual private network

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  Talk to children about the internet. You can teach your kids about
acceptable use of the internet without shutting down communication
channels.
 Keep up to date on major security breaches
 Take measures to help protect you against identity theft. Identity theft
occurs when someone wrongfully obtains your personal data in a way
that

(c) List any four basic items required to gain access to the internet.
(4Marks)
 Computer/laptop
 Network software
 Internet service provider
 Modem

(d) What was the distinct technological advancement of computers

in the third
generation?
(1Mark)
 integrated circuits
26. (a) Mention any three areas where artificial intelligence is applied
(3Marks)
 AI Application in E-Commerce-Personalized Shopping
 Artificial Intelligence technology is used to create recommendation engines
through which you can engage better with your customers
 Applications Of Artificial Intelligence in Education-Creating Smart Content
 Digitization of content like video lectures, conferences, and text book guides
can be made using Artificial Intelligence. We can apply different interfaces
like animations and learning content through customization for students
from different grades.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Lifestyle-Autonomous Vehicles
 Automobile manufacturing companies like Toyota, Audi, Volvo, and Tesla
use machine learning to train computers to think and evolve like humans
when it comes to driving in any environment and object detection to avoid
accidents.
 Facial Recognition-Our favorite devices like our phones, laptops, and PCs
use facial recognition techniques by using face filters to detect and identify
in order to provide secure access.

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 Applications of Artificial intelligence in Navigation. GPS technology can
provide users with accurate, timely, and detailed information to improve
safety.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Robotics.Robotics is another field
where artificial intelligence applications are commonly used. Robots
powered by AI use real-time updates to sense obstacles in its
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource.Did you know that
companies use intelligent software to ease the hiring process?
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.Artificial Intelligence
finds diverse applications in the healthcare sector, AI applications are used
in healthcare to build sophisticated machines that can detect diseases and
identify cancer cells..
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture.Artificial Intelligence is
used to identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil. This is done
using computer vision, robotics, and machine learning applications, AI can
analyze where weeds are growing.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Gaming.Another sector where
Artificial Intelligence applications have found prominence is the gaming
sector. AI can be used to create smart, human-like NPCs to interact with
the players.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Automobiles.Artificial Intelligence is
used to build self-driving vehicles. AI can be used along with the vehicle’s
camera, radar, cloud services, GPS, and control signals to operate the
vehicle.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Social Media.On Instagram, AI
considers your likes and the accounts you follow to determine what posts
you are shown on your explore tab.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing.Artificial intelligence (AI)
applications are popular in the marketing domain as well.
 Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Chatbots.AI chatbots can
comprehend natural language and respond to people online who use the
"live chat" feature that many organizations provide for customer service.
 Applications of of Artificial Intelligence in Finance .Artificial intelligence can
also detect changes in transaction patterns and other potential red flags
that can signify fraud, which humans can easily miss, and thus saving
businesses and individuals from significant loss.

(b) Lwanga’s printer has stop working and flashes an orange light.
List any
three problems associated with that sign
(3Marks)
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  The print machine is about to print, or it is in motion to print.
 The machine is out of paper.
 Tray is fully of paper.
 Ink catridge is not fixed properly
 Paper jam.
 Insert appropriate ink catridge.

(c) List any two factors that you would consider in order to buy a
printer.

(2Marks)
 The Cost of hardware. Printers are available in many
reasonable prices these days.
 Laser or inkjet.(type of printer).You can use both laser and inkjet
printers for occupational purposes. But laser printers are a better
option than inkjet printers as they can print at a faster rate.
 Print speed. The other main issue is the speed of the printer. Papers
per minute.
 Print quality. This is important aspect that you should check.
Everything depends on the print quality of the printer
 Reliability. It is a big issue if the ink cartridge starts giving you
problem. The printer that you should select must be reliable and
have a proper warranty so that in the case of any situation.
 Connectivity. Connectivity is a major point because you don’t want a
device that does not connect with the existing network that you are
already having.
 Ease of use. If you are professional, then, you don’t require a device
that is way more complicated for anyone to understand.
 Cost per page. Cost per page is the aspect that helps you determine
how much your printer is going to cost you on a per page basis.
 High-volume or low-volume. High-volume printers are basically
photo printers.

(d) Distinguish an animation and a transition in presentation

software.

(2Marks)

 Animations in PowerPoint are special visual or sound effects that can

be applied to elements present on a slide such as text, shape, image,

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 icon, etc. Whereas, Transitions in PowerPoint are special visual effects
applied to a complete slide.

SECTION C

27. (a) Define computer hardware text input devices giving at least on
example. (2 Marks)
 Computer hardware text input devices is a physical computer
component used to enter text electronically into the computer.

(b) Distinguish between optical storage media and solid state media
(2 Marks)
 Optical storage media refers to a media on which data on which data
is stored & retrieved using a beam of light where as solid state media
is a media on which data is retrieved and stored electronically.

(c) The computer has slowed down gradually and it takes long to
respond
to instructions. The major problem is associated with some of its
hardware components .List any four hardware components and
explain how the influence the speed of a computer.
 Ram is used to hold information in a location that can be
accessed quickly, allowing programs to run fast, and
large data calculations to be made efficiently.
 Hard disk - The bigger the hard disk space the faster
the computer.
 Speed- Processor cores and clock speeds determine how
much information can be received at a time, and how
quickly that information can be processed on your
computer.
 Video graphics card-it helps to help some programs
improve speed.
 Software also determines computer speed, specifically
how many programs — or processes — are running in
the background and taking up computer power and
resources.

(16 Marks)
28. (a) What is a router? (2 Marks)
 A router is a device that connects two or more packet-
switched networks or sub networks.

(b) Explain any four factors which influence the speed of a network
(8 Marks)

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 (i) Frequency and bandwidth of the medium; [rate of
transmission]

The higher the frequency, the wider the bandwidth, the

more data will be sent over a medium and vice versa.
 NB; Bandwidth; is the difference between the highest
frequency and the lowest frequency.

(ii) Line configurations;These are either point – to – point or

Multipoint.

 A point – to – point connects the sending and receiving

devices such that a terminal with a central computer.

(iii) Direction of transmission

 In simplex, data can travel only in one direction.

 In half duplex, data travels in both directions but only
one direction at a time.
 In full duplex, data travels back and forth at the same
time.
 Transmission mode

(iv). Protocols (rules for data transmission)

A protocol specifies the type of electrical connections used, the timing

of message exchange, error detection techniques, specify how the receiving
devices will acknowledge sending devices (handshaking) etc.
(v) Capacity of hardware in the network. The speeds of hubs, switches
and NICs will
greatly determine the speed of the network.
(vi) The server. The amount of RAM installed in the server and the speed of
the hard
disk greatly affects the speed of the network.

(vii) Location of software and files. If software is stored on the workstation

hard disks, it
increases (speeds up) performance and reduces network traffic.

(c) Identify any two computer faults and suggest ways of overcoming
them
(8Marks)
 Over heating of the computer-Resolved by changing the
proceesor.

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  Restarting of the computer –installation of antivirus
software.
-Re-installation of the
operating system.
 Blinking of the monitor- Change the monitor.
(d) Define the term Computer virus (2Marks)
 A computer virus is a computer code or program specially

CLOUD COMPUTING GREEN COMPUTING

It is all about delivery of computing services It is all about utilizing energy to

including servers, storage, databases, perform operations in most efficient
networking, etc., over internet. way possible.

It offers utility-oriented IT services to users It helps in using least amount of

worldwide. computing resources for doing most
amount of work.

Its main goal is to provide magnitude Its main goal is to attain economic
improvement in cost effective, dynamic viability and improve way of how
provisioning of IT services. computing devices are used.

It reduces energy consumption, waste, and It reduces use of hazardous materials,

carbon emissions, reduce carbon foot print, increase energy efficiency during
etc. product’s lifetime, manage power and
energy efficiency, create sustainable
business processes, etc.

It increases revenue of business It reduces carbon footprint of business

organizations and help them to achieve and provide a reputation boost, help
business goals, provide faster business responsibly use energy and
communication, secure network keep business running on energy-lean
collaboration, promote efficient utilization of diet.
existing resources, etc.

designed to damage or cause irregular behavior in other

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It is internet service that provides computing It is that a computer and technology is
needs to computer users. how much responsible for
environmental change.

programs in a computer. Or It is a program which

attaches itself to the system and alters the normal
functioning of a computer.

29. (a) Distinguish between Cloud computing and Green Computing

(2 Marks)
 Cloud computing is basically a service-oriented
architecture that involves delivering hosted services over
internet where as Green computing is the study and
practice of environmentally sustainable use of computers
and related IT resources.

(b) Explain any four areas of application of computers

(8 Marks)
 Education and training.
Many Universities, Colleges, school and public libraries are on line with
websites for purposes of making easy access to educational information..

 Information plus data storage.

ITs have got immense internal and external storage devices for storage of huge
volumes Data. Hence the common paperless society

 Business.E-Business and E-commerce facilitate the buying and selling of

goods, services and works on line.Businesses have got websites and
networked computers they use to advertise, processing of orders, receipting
of purchased products, etc.

 Entertainment and Leisure. ITs offers lots of leisure and entertainment

activities in form of;Computer games,Computer audio music and video
players
 Health & Medicine.ITs are now being used for;
 Medical tests for instance blood, cancer, Brain damage etc
 Carrying out sensitive operations on sensitive body parts like
the brain, heart, kidney, etc.
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 -Transport & communication.ITs are also being used for;

 Units of carriage surveyarance in logistics management,Gps.

 Accounting and Finance.Software/programs are now available for
producing financial reports like income statements, Balance sheets, and
cash flow statements.
 Climate and Weather:Programs have now been developed to accurately
predict and report changes in climate and weather to aid travelers and
farmers.
 Security and military.IT Laser guided cameras and satellites are now used
for national and domestic security.
 Manufacturing:-Computer Aided Design (CAD) and CAM (Computer Aided
Manufacture) are also in this category.

(d) Explain these terms: (2 Marks)

(i) Hard boot- is a boot process in which a computer system
starts up
from a complete powerless state.
(ii) Soft boot- is an action that uses software to restart a
computer
without removing the computer's power.
(e) Describe any two situation which necessitate restarting of a
computer
(4 Marks)
 If your computer is running slow.
 If your computer is acting “weird”
 Unexpected system freeze-ups.
 Driver or hardware error.
 Lagging Internet speeds.
 Connecting to the internet.
 After a software or patch update.
 After any type of software or hardware installation.

(f) Demonstrate how you would perform formatting of a hard disk

(4 Marks)
 Select the hard disk to format.
 Right click/format/Are you sure you want to
delete/cancel
 Select format to format hard disk.

LUGANDA 335 / 1

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 LUGANDA 335 / 1
EKITUNDU A
1. (a) Ennono, ebyafaayo, obuwangwa n’empisa bikolebwa / Okukuuma
ebyóbusika
- okukola ennyo
- Obumu w’ebuli
- Ettaka likuumiddwa
- Okuzimba amasomero
Omuyizi talina kumenya bumenya wabula alina okunnyonnyola okubaako ky’aba
ayongeddeko

(4 x 1 = 4mks)

(b) – Okusoma / omuganda alina okusoma

- Onutatunda ttaka lyaffe
- Okukola ennyo
- okubeera obumu. / okwewala enjawukana

(2 x 1 = 2mks)

(c) – Okukola ennyo

Ennono – ebyafaayo, obuwangwa némpisa
- Federo/ okugaba obuyinza
- Obutatunda ttaka
- Okuzimba obumu
- Obuwangwa

(5 x 1 = 5mks)

(d) Ettaka kwe kukolerwa buli kimu – ku ttaka kwe kusimbye ennono nébyafaayo
ebifuula omuntu omuganda
Ne bwatuwa ekyokolebwako kyonna afuna akabonero
(1x2 = 2mks)

(e) – Okuvvuuka obwavu

- Okuweerera abaana
- Okussa ejjamba mu nkuluze
- Okussa essira ku bigasa Buganda

(f) (i) Yettanira - eyagalwa / eyeeyunirwa / eyaayaanirwa, okwagala ekintu

enyo era n’ olemerako
(ii) Ekyanya - Eddembe / ebbeetu / kwesalirwa / olukusa
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 (iii) Obutaweera – onutakoowa / obutazikiza / obutapowa
(iv) Obuntu katoole – Obutaliimu / obutonotono

(4 x 1 = 4mks)
(g) – Enfuga ewa eddembe okugabana obuyinza

(h) – Buganda okuba nga abantu baamu bakolagana era nga bakolera wamu.

(i) - Omulembe omutebi gukuxe / guwangadde/ gwe gulaakulanyizza.

(j) – Kitegeeza okunoonya omulamwa / enkola. / okunoonya amagezi

(4 x 1 = 4mks)

EKITUNDU B

2. (a) Omuyizi amaleyo engero zino nga bwe zogerwa.

(i) Akataazimbe,
(ii) Guweddeko entonto / entontogolo, NB omuyizi ateeseeko empeerezi
esooka mungero
(iii) Akiika embuga,
(iv) Wammese mu kit linnya eriwuntuwa zittwa capital W
(v) Obulabira wala
(vi) Gamala ebita embuga
(vii) Omukwano omutono
(viii) Abakondeere,
(ix) Bikubagana empawa
(x) Enkajumbe temala nju

Empandiika enkyamu katundu ka kabonero (½)

2. (b) Omuyizi annyonnyole amakulu g’engero zino.

(i) Bulijo abantu ababonaabona n’ebintu /abant u si be bafunamu/Abakola
ennyo ku bint u si be babifunamu omugaso.
(ii) Abantu bat egekera bannaabwe okubatuusaako obulabe nga bo t
ebamanyiiko n’akamu.
(iii) Ebizibu ebituuka ku munaku tebiggwa./ ebizibu tebikoma / tebiggwaayo,
tebikendeera
(iv) Abagenyi basobola basobola okuwonya abant u ebizibu bingi.
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 (v) Omuntu anaakutwalako ebibyo ajjira mu kukuyamba / waliwo abantu
abanyaga ebyabannaabwe nga bayita mu kubalimba nti bagenda kubayamba.
Amakulu g’ o munta agengero gabeera ku bantu si ku bintu birala
Asiize ekifanaanyi ekireeta amakulu g’ olugero naye afuna obubonero
Wano tetugabirawo katufu so nga ne mpandiika entongole

3. (a) Omuyizi alage embeera y’amasomero nga bw’ezimbiddwa mu katabo

Amaggwa n’emitego mu Buvubuka.
- Abayizi okuganza bayizi bannaabwe Kavuma aganza Namusoke ate Mukalazi
aganza Nattaliya. Basajjasubi yegwanyiza cissy
- Abayizi okugenda okulambula amakolero okugeza abayizi ba Mukutogumu
balambula e Jinja
- Abayizi abapya mu ssomero okusooka okwewandiisa nga bakatuuka ku
ssomero.
- Abayizi okufuluma mu bibiina ne bagenda okuwummulamu kye bayita “break
ku ssaawa nnya ate ne ku musanvu okulya ekyemisana.
- Amasomero okuba n’abayizi abasula mu bisulo ate n’abava ebweru nga mu
mukkutogumu. Cissy yali ava bweru
- Abayizi abamu okuganzibwa abasomesa baabwe nga bwe ulaba Mpisa aganza
Cissy.
- Abayizi okukola ebigezo ebibayisa okuva mu kibiina ekimu okudda mu
kirala.
- Amasomero okubeera n’abasirikale abakuumi. Ku ssomero lye Nakawa, cissy
gyeyali asomero
- Abaana b’amasomero okuyambangako ku basomesa baabwe emirimu
gy’awaka, Cissy ayamba ku Mpiso.
- Abasomesa abateeyisa bulungi okugobebwa mu masomero. Mpiso
agobebwalwakukuba mukulu w’assomero.
- Abasomesa okufissizaawo abaana abatakola bulungi obudde obulala
obwenjawulo basobole okubayamba mu masomo ge batakola bulungi, Mpiso
agamba Cissy amuyambenga mu kubala n’olungereza.
- Abayizi aboobuwala okufunira embut o mu masomero nga Namusoke ne
Ntabadde.
- Abayizi okuba ne bannaabwe ababakulira mu kibiina “moneta” Mpiso alonda
Cissy.
- Abayizi abamu okutoloka ne bagenda mu micakalo, Cissy agenda a
Kabalagala.

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 - Abasomesa abamu okutega obutego abaana be baagala okuganza nga
babagulira n’okubategekera eby’okulya ebirungi (MPISO)
- Abasomesa abamu okuwalana n’okubonyaabonya abaaana be basabye
omukwano ne bagaana – Mpiso ku Cissy.
Okukuuma obudde, tulabe ku ssomero lya Cissy nga bakuba akadde okugenda
mu buleke
Okutambula engendo empanvu
(10 x 2 = 20mks)
 Omuyizi aleete ensonga awamu n’ekyokulabirako.

3. (b) (i) Tezigattwa abigamba Cissy (2mks)

(ii) Yamuyigiriza obuteemakulamakula na bulenzirenzi naddala ng’akyali muto.
- Y’amukuutira okusoma n’omutima gumu
Omumalirivu awatali kuwankawanka.
- Y’amukuutira nti bw’amala okusoma n’afuna omulimu afune omusajja
afumbirwe bafune ssukaali n’embugo.
- Yamujjukiza obutasirikanga nga yeekoonye akagere, abeeko gw’abuulira
naye nga si musajja.
- Yamubuulira okubanga omuyonjo mu mubiri ne mu ngoye nti waakiri
yeesibe obuziina nga butukula okusinga okwambala empya nga zigubye.
- Yamukuutira obutawunya kkalalume nga lya musota namugamba okunaaba
Ebbombo oba akalaaza mu nkwawa.
- Yamukuut ira okubanga omugumiikiriza buli gy’alaganga.
- Yamwewaza okubanga n’olugambo kubanga omuntu w’olugambo t eri
amwagala;
- Yamubuulirira obutaba mwenzi olw’ensonga nti omwenzi aweebuuka
n’ataba na kitiibwa mu bantu.
- Okuwa
- Okutya katonda (okubeera n’ eddiini

4. (a) (i) Ndibassa abyogera ku Namusisi. (2mks)

(ii) Ndibassa ne Mbayiwa baali bave kucakalako mu Top Hotel.
- Ndibassa yali asabye Mbayuiwa amuwale ewuwe gy’aba asula.
- Ndibassa ne Mbayiwa baali basanze Namusisi ewa Mbayiwa.
- Namusisi yali ayise ku Mbayiwa ne Ndibassa n’ayogera ekigambo kimu nti,
abasajja”.
- Ndibassa bwe yalaba Namusisi ng’ajja gye baali ne yeekwaa ku Mbayiwa
ng’atidde nnyo.
- Okuwewanika ku ddaala ery’ awaggulu nga agula engoye ez’ ebeeyi
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 - Nagana okuwuulriza okulabula kwa Nkoliggo bwe yamugamba nti ebikazi
ebirungi tebirikussa era byamussa
- Ndibassa aba abuuzizza Mbayiwa nti kino ekiwala ekitunula nga lumonde
omulinnyire mu mulyango kiganzi kyo?
( 4 x 2 = 8mks )
(iii) – Alina omukwano ogw nnamaddala.
- Muyonjo
- Ategeka bulungi awaka.
- Amanyi okuyiiyiza omusajja
- Awa mbayiwa ebirowoozo ebimuzimba ate naye ayagala okwezimba.
- Mukozi wa mirimu kayingo

- Alina olubuto lwa Mbayiwa.

- Yawolanga Mbayiwa ssente
- Asobola okugumira ennaku n’ebizibu bya Mbayiwa
- Si mwezi nga Ndibassa ayagala Mbayiwa yekka.
- Asanga Mbayiwa ng’apepeya ne Ndibassa kyokka tamukyawa.
( 5 x 2 = 10mks)

4 (b) – Ndikuno okumubuulirira obuteegaggasa n’aziimuula okubuulirirwa okwo,

agwa mu mabanja mangi.
- Okulemera ku muwala Ndibassas eyalina abasajja abangi, amuziiga
endwadde z’obukaba.
- Okuva ku mulimu namala emyezi mu kyalo nga tategeezezza mukama
we, agobwa ku mulimu.
- Okubba ssente za nnyina ze yatunda mu mbuzi kyamuviirako okubulwa
gy’add ng’azze mu bwavu.
- Okulemererwa okusasula ensimbi z’obusuze, Bena amugoba mu nju ye.
- Mbayiwa okugaana okweyongerayo omusoma ngamalirizza ekibiina
eky’okuna, bw’agobwa ku bwa kkalaani, taddayo kufuna mulimu
mulala-
- Mbayiwa okwenyigira mu bubbi, asimattuka okukwatibwa naye
kyamuleetera okwekyawa n’ekyavaamu kwetuga.
- Mbayiwa okugula ppikippiki nga tasobolw kugiyimirizaawo
olw’omusaala omutono gwe yali afuna emulemerera n’agitunda.
- Mbayiwa okugattika abakazi kyamuviirako okubulwa emirembe
olwokweraliikirira eby’okubalimba buli kiseera.
234
 - Mbayiwa okudibaga omulimu gwa woofiisi, afuna ogw’okusitula ensawo
za kasooli ne gumulema olw’obuzito ate nga gusasula kitono.
- Mbayiwa obuteekebeza musaayi nga tanneegatta ne Ndibassa,
amuwereba ekirwadde.
- Mbayiwa okuleeta ppikippiki empya ku mulimu ate ng’omusaala
yafunanga mutono kyaviirako mukama we kumubuusabuusa nti yandiba
nga yakumpanya ssente za kkampuni.
- Mbayiwa okugaana okulaba ekifaananyi ne Namusisi, bw’asalawo
okukirabe, ne Ndibassa, ekifaananyi olwaggwa Ndibassa n’amuddukako.
(10 x 2 = 20mks)
5. (a) (i) – Bbunga (1 x 2 = 2 mks)
(ii) – Hajji Mugagga era yaleeta lisiti kweyagulira Sukaali ku mitwalo
musanvu kitundu ate Tebeesigwa mu kitabo yawandiika etaano.
Omuyizi alage omuntu eyazibula omwogezi amaaso
Alage n’ engeri gy’azibulamu omwogezi amaaso (1 x 2 = 2mks)
(iii) – Abazadde okufumbiza abaana olw’empaka / abasajja
bebateeyagalidde. (bazadde ba Namukasa)
- Abazadde okudda mu kunywa omwenge ne batafa ku baana baabwe.(taata
wa Sam)
- Abantu okuba n’enkwe wamu n’empalana ku mirimu – Tebeesigwa alemesa
was am omulimu)
- Abantu okwenyigira mu bwenzi Jamusi ne Moses abakazi babakyusa nnyo.
- Obukumpanya ku mirimu – Tebeesigwa yeegaana Hajji mugagga nti
tamumanyi nga ye yamuguza ssukaali.
- Obulimba (Muky. Tabula alimba Muky. Lubega ne Mw. Lubega nti alinayo
omulenzi ayagala okuwasa Nabukeera
- Okuwaayiriza (Tebeesigwa awayiriza sam nti yabba akagaali tayagagala
kukols, yabba ssente
- Obutaagala kukolagana na bakozi balala
- Obubbi – Tebeesigwa abba okagaali akasaawa.
- Obutaagaliza – Muky. Tabula, tayagaliza Nabukeera kufumbirwa
- Okuba n’obuggya ku bantu abalala muky. Tabul, Muky ssebatta
- Mukyala Tabula.
- Okuba n’effuga bbi – Tebyasa eri sibyange
- Okulinnyirira eddembe ly’abakyala.
- Okuba n’omululu gw’ensimbi – Tebyasa
- Okwegombagomba ennyo – Harriet .
- Okukolera ennyo ku ŋŋambo – muky.Lubega awuliriza ebya muky. Tabula.
- Obutawa balala mukisa ku kannyonnyola – Bbunga.
235
(8 x 2 = 16mks)

236
GEOGRAPHY 273/1

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 GEOGRAPHY 273-2
1) (a) A sketch map of Africa shoeing mean annual Rainfall of areas in Africa.

b) Factors that have led high mean annual R/F in areas in (a) (i)

 presence of large water bodies like the Atlantic Ocean that provide large
amount of moisture through evaporation leading to formation of
convectional rainfall
 The thick vegetation cover like forests facilitate rain formation through
evapo- transpiration.

266
  The latitudinal location along the equator that acts I.T.C.z thus attracting
warm moist winds that results into rainfall formation.
 Presence of moisture laden / prevailing winds like South East (S.E)
Trade winds and S.E Monsoon winds that bring rainfall from the
moisture carried.
 The nearness to the equator which experiences overhead sun twice a year
bringing rainfall in March and September.
 Many highlands that act as obstacles to moving moist winds forcing
them to rise, cool and condense thus drop as relief rainfall on thje
windward sides of the mountains
 The various human activities such as afforestation, reafforestation, lake
formation and others that help in recharging the atmosphere leading to
formation of rainfall.
 Warm ocean currents raise temperature of winds blowing them hence
causing warm conditions and bring rainfall to adjacent areas like the
Guinea and Mozambique currents

Id – 4 max Ds – 4 max 08

c) The influence of Rainfall on human activities:

 Heavy Rainfall supports growth of plantation crops like cocoa, oil palm etc
 Heavy rainfall encourages growth of thick forests leading to lumbering activities
 Heavy rainfall results into dense vegetation which promote wildlife
conservation and tourism.
 Heavy rainfall support agricultural activities and forestry which are source of
raw materials that lead to industrialization.
 Heavy rainfall leads to a large volume of water in water bodies leading to
development of water transport
 Heavy rainfall leads to growth of pastures that support livestock rearing.
Id – 4 max Ds – 4max 08

d) Problems faced by the people living in areas marked by mean Annual rainfall
of over 200mm in Africa.

 Heavy rains make the roads slipperly hindering transport services.

 Leaching of soils in common leading to crop production
 Heavy rains encourage the breeding of pests and diseases that affect man and his
crops

267
  They lead to rapid growth of weeds that compete with crops leading to low crop
production
 Heavy rains causes silting that limit fishing activities
 Heavy rain storms lead to destruction of vegetation discouraging tourism and
Lumbering. Max 05=25
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡−𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
2(a) × 100
𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡

1,600,300 −945,000
= × 100
945,000

65,530,000
=
945000

= 69.3% 02

b(i) A line graph showing Rubber output in Liberia (1980 -2020)

2,000,000

1,800,000

1,600,000
Volum
1,400,000
e of
Rubber HS - 1
1,200,000
in VS - 1
Metric 1,000,000 AC -5
tons

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000 07
0
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
YEAR

268
(ii)

 The lowest Rubber Output for Liberia was in 1980 with 945,000 tons

 The highest Rubber Output for Liberia was in 2020 with 1,600,300 tons.
(02)

(c) Physical conditions which have favoured the growth of Rubber in Liberia.

 Presence of fertile soils that support quick growth of Rubber.

 The alluvial soils with more nutrients that facilitates quick growth of Rubber.
 An extensive land for establishment and expansion of rubber plantation
 Heavy rainfall that support the growth of rubber
 The high relative humidity supports the growth of rubber trees
 The hot temperatures that facilitate the growth of cocoa
 Gently sloping low low land for allowing easy growth of cocoa.
 Presence of thick vegetation / many trees to provide shade.
Id – 4max Ds – 4max 08

(d) Problems faced by the Rubber growers in Liberia

 Price fluctuation in the local and world market lead to low profits
 Use of monoculture has led to soil exhaustion
 Competition for market with other cocoa producers, leads to low profits
 Uncontrolled fire outbreaks in the dry season, destroy large cocoa farms
 Existence of limited capital leading to small farms
 Over production of cocoa
 Shortage of labour during the harvesting periods result into post – Harvest
losses
 Pests and diseases like the black pod – disease and the swollen- shoot
disease destroy cocoa.
 Under developed roads especially feeder roads during wet seasons are
slippery

Id -3max Ex- 3 max 25

269
 3a) A sketch map showing the site map of port Tema in Ghana.

KEY
Central business
District

Railway

Port Area

Water body

Roads

Factors that led to the development of port Tema

 Presence of a low tidal range that encourages ships to anchor throughout the
year.
 The well sheltered harbor encourages development of port facilities
 Presence of deep sea waters that encourage big ships to access the port
 The hard basement rocks upon which port handling facilities were built
 Presence of generally flat relief that made construction easier
 Presence of a rich hinterland that serves the port with commercial goods
 The extensive land that has enabled the establishment and expansion of the port
 The supportive government policy that led to the construction of the port and its
facilities

270
 Abundant capital invested in funding the construction of port infrastructure.
 The modern / efficient transport network that link to other cities.
Id – 4max

Ds – 4max 08
c) Giving examples, explain the problems faced by ports in Africa.
 Congestion due to increasing traffic on roads causes delays like port
Alexandaria, Lagos etc
 Over cowding leading to congestion in the town, straining social services such
as Lagos poer, Cape Town.
 Competition for land affecting expansion for port such as Lagos port,
Alexandria, any port
 Rising Unemployment levels lead to low standard of living like on port
Alexandria, Port Lagos
 Pollution of water hence death of fish and man like Port Lagos
 Flooding of the port during the rain season spreads water borne diseases also
loss of lives such as Cape Town port, Port Durban etc
 High costs of maintaining the port facilities like bridges, street light leads to
increased government expenditure eg Port Tema, Lagos etc
 An increase in crime rate such as robbery, murder, theft, piracy eg Lagos port,
cape Town
 Diseases like Bilarzia result into death, eg on port Durban, Port Alexandria. Etc
 Siltation of the port affects movement of big vessels like at port Duban, port
said

3d) steps being taken to address the problems in (c) above

 Use of containers to reduce congestion
 Dredging the port to reduce silting that causes floods
 Deployment of more policemen to reduce crimes
 Recycling and treatment of industrial wastes to control pollution
 Relocation of some economic activities to reduce congestion
 Development of vertical buildings to reduce slum growth and for port expansion
 Construction of more roads to reduce on traffic congestion

Industrial centers

271
4a) (i) A – Johannesberg

B – Klerksdorp

C – Vereeniging

D – Pretoria

(ii) River Vaal

(iii) Vaal dam

b) candidates must identify an industrial centre first and then any three industries found
there

Johannesburg Pretoria
Textiles Food Processing

Automobiles Cement Manufacturing

Glass Ware Glass Making

Machinery Sheet Metal Industries

Printing Engineering

Food Processing Manufacturing of Cables

Light Ship Building Electronic Industries

Engineering

Plastics

Chemicals

Klerksdorp Vereeniging

Chemical manufacturing chemical manufacturing

Food processing food processing

Metallurgical industries electronics industry

272
Engineering industries engineering industry

Electronic industry Tile making industry

4c) factors which led to the development of industries in centres in (a) (i) above
include.

 The abundant energy resources like HEP from R. Vaal and Orange, coal from
the Rand used in processing industrial raw materials
 Variety of minerals used as industrial raw materials eg Iron ore, Gold,
 Abundant agricultural raw materials like sugarcane from Natal for production
of Sugar
 The large capital base infected in the industries to run industrial activities
 The large supply of skilled and semi- skilled provided by the blacks and
foreigners to work in the industries
 High level of technology used like the use of automatic machines, conveyor
belts and others that make work easy
 Presence of an extensive land for establishment and expansion of industries in
the Rand and other industrial area
 Availability of a large market for manufactured goods both local and foreign
market
 Developed transport network such as roads, railways that facilitate transport to
various parts of the country.
 The relative political stability in most industrial growth and attracting of foreign
investors from USA
Id - 4max
Ds – 4max
4d) benefits of the industrial sectors in Johannesburg region of South Africa
 Creation of employment opportunities to workers like Engineers, managers who
earn some income
 Provision of manufactured goods to consumers thereby satisfying their needs
 Source of government revenue through taxation that is used to develop other
sectors
 Source of foreign exchange got from exporting of manufacturing goods to
various countries
 Development of infrastructure like roads, power supply lines, dams necessary
for industrial growth

273
 Leads to economic diversification other than relying on one sector, thus widens
the tax base
 Led to fall utilization natural resource like mineral and agriculture through
provision of raw materials
 Sectors of the industry like Arrivers, Engineers etc thereby improving their
standards of living
 Promotion of international relationship through export trade

PART II
5a) A sketch map of British Columbia Showing Rivers, Mountains,
Forestry activity centers

Rock Mountain

Prince
Rupert
Prince
George
KEY

River

Mountain
Ranges
Forestry Activity
centre
Vancouver Water body

b) i) two tree species

 Balsam fir
 Douglas fir

274
 Western Hemlock
 Red cedar
 Pines
 Spruce
 Cyprus
ii) Factors that have favoured forestry in British Columbia
 The large land area of forest cover in British Columbia due to low population
 Presence of variety of tree species like pines, Firs and others of high commercial
value
 Presence of frozen ground during winter, which helps in the transportation of
logs
 Presence of many rivers like Fraser, keena and others that help in floating of
logs to sawmills
 The coniferous forests occur in pure stands making it easy to cut the trees
 Presence of rugged / mountainous land scape that made it difficult for other land
uses like agriculture and settlement thus leaving it for forestry
 Presence of infertile soils especially in the mountainous areas that are unable to
support agriculture but forestry
 The well developed transport routes especially by water, rail and road to
transport logs to processing centers
 The large market for forest products both at home and abroad especially in
USA, Europe, and Asia.
 The sufficient hydro electric power used for the processing of timber
 Sufficient capital infected in forestry activities such as buying of timber
processing machines, construction of transport routes and others
 Availability of experienced and skilled labour force to work in the forestry
industry
 Development of wood processing industries which increase the value of timber
 The favourable government policy of monitoring forests by settling and
regulating arresting
Id – 3max
Ds – 3max 08
5c) contributions of forestry industry to British Columbia
 The forest products are a source of foreign exchange through exporting them to
various countries
 They are a source of employment opportunities to the many people involved in
cutting, transporting, processing and marketing of timber and the products

275
 Forestry industry provides raw materials to industries such as the pulp and
paper industries
 The forests help in environmental protection against soil erosion and landslides
 They act as water catchment areas for a number of rivers like R. Fraser, Skeena
and others
 They are habitants for wildlife such as bears, wolves, Bisons and others thus
promoting wild life construction
 They are a source of government revenue through taxes imposed on lumbering
companies
 Are a source of income earned from the forestry sector thus improving people’s
standards
 Led to the development of infrastructure mainly transport routes and power
generation
 They are a tourist attraction which earn the government, an alternative means of
foreign exchange.
Id – 3max
Ds – 3max
5d) Problems facing the forestry industry in British Columbia
 The wildfire outbreaks, which destroy large areas of forest land
 The severe winters that limit forest exploitation activities due to frozen grounds
 Over exploitation of trees / forests leading to depletion of commercial tree
species
 The rugged terrain that restricts the development of transport routes in
mountains
 Shortage of labour due to a separate population
 The pests and diseases that attack and destroy the tree trunks
 Accidents that occur leadership death of workers
 Severe competition from other producers that limit British Columbia’s forest
production
 Inaccessibility of some areas due to transport problems
 Large mass of ice move down slopes and destroy trees in the forest
Max 03
25
6a) i. River 1 – St. Lawrence river
River 2 – R. Hudson
ii) Lake 3 – L. Huron
Lake 4 – L. Ontario

276
 iii) Canals: A – Soulange Canal
B – Welland Canal
iv) Ports C – Montreal Port
D – Detroit Port
b) Any 2(i) Imports are:
 Tea
 Cocoa
 Coffee
 Machinery from Europe
 Mineral rawm a trial
 Petrol products
ii) Exports are:
 Manufactured good
 Minerals e.g iron ore, coal
 Grains e.g wheat, corn, soya beans
 Machinery
 Petroleum products
 Beef
 Diary products
 Vehicles
 Chemical products
 Textile products

c) steps which were taken to improve navigation along the great lakes and River
St. Lawrence are;

 Removal of thousands of islands through Blasting using explosives

 Removal of silt and soil material from the bottom of the river by continuous
dredging
 Use of ice- breaker vessels to keep the water away open during winter when it
was frozen
 Construction of canals to by – pass the water falls and rapids such as wetland
canal and others.
 Use of large excavators were used t widen the seaway to allow large ocean
going vessels to sail
 Construction of dams and locks to raise the water level so as to enable use of big
vessels / ships

277
 Radars and strong lights were put along the seaway to detect fog, increase
visibility and reduce accidents at the seaway
Id – 4max
Ds – 4marks
d) Benefits of the water way the USA and Canada are;
 Has provided cheap water transport for carrying heavy and bulky commodities
 The water way has encouraged exploitation of natural resources like coal and
Iron ore
 It has stimulated industrialization as both raw materaials and manufactured
goods can be acquired and distributed easily
 It has reduced transport costs of commodities due to reduced distance and shift
from the road and railway transport to water transport
 Production and provision of HEP for both domestic and industrial use from
established power plants
 Led to growth of inland ports handling upstream and down-stream cargo such as
port Arthur, Buffalo etc
 The waterway is great tourist attraction which earns Canada and USA foreign
exchange, due to numerous water falls, dams and locks
 Its an important of revenue charged from water vessels that use the waterway
 Has promised regional trade between Canada and USA foreign exchange, due
to important of revenue charged from water vessels that use the water way
 Has promoted regional trade between Canada and USA
 Generated employment opportunities to many people
 Has boosted agricultural activities I both USA and Canada
Max 05 25

37,000
7a) Rice = × 3600 = 4.70 ≅ 4
3156000
1844000
Wheat = × 3600 = 210.30 ≅ 2100
3156000
3000
Rye = × 3600 = 0.3
3156000
391000
Barley = × 3600 = 44.60 ≅ 450
3156000
838000
Maize = × 3600 = 95.50 ≅ 960
3156000
43000
Others = × 3600 = 4.90 ≅ 50
3156000

278
 A pie chart showing Cereal production in California (000 tons)

Rice 40 Rye (0.30)

Others (50)

Barley

450
2100

Maize 960
Wheat

Relative importance of
1844000
(i) Wheat = × 100 = 58.4%
3156000
It is 58.4%
37000
(ii) Rice = 100 = 1.1%
3156000
It is 1.1%

7c) physical factors which have favoured the growing of Cereals in California
include;

 Presence of gentle slopes / low altitude that encourage warm conditions for
crop growth
 The relatively flat landscape that is ideal for use of mechanization in crop
growth
 The fertile soils which are well drained that facilitate the growth of crops

279
  Presence of a large/ extensive land for the establishment and expansion of
farms for growing cereals on a large scale
 The reliable rainfall that supports the growth of cereal crops in California
 Presence of warm wet summers which support the ripening of Cereals and
harvesting
 Presence of adequate fresh water supply from California rivers has supported
irrigation farming

d) steps taken to improve agriculture in California are:

 Use of glass houses to grow crops for all seasons

 Use f chemicals and pesticides to control the effect of pests and diseases
 Application of fertilizers to improve on soil fertility
 Carrying out continuous research into better crop yields
 Mechanasing agricultural activities to increase on production
 Crop diversification is carried out to increase on output
 Carrying out market research to develop more market for agricultural goods
produced

8a) i) physical region A – Swiss plateau

B – Jura
C – Alps region

ii) River 1 – R. Aare

iii) Lake 2 – L. Geneva

3 - L. Constance

iv) One land use type in each region in a(i) above include

A – Swiss plateau B- Jura

 Agriculture pastoralism / animal rearing

 Fishing mining
 Settlement Tourism
 Tourism settlement
 Road transport industralisation
 Industralisation Trade
 Trade and commerce Transport

280
 C – Alps Region

Tourism

Livestock rearing

Railway transport

Settlement

b) The influence of relief on land in Switzerland includes;

 The low lands of the central plateau encourage settlement because they have
fertile soils for farming
 The steep slopes / mountainous region of the Alps promote tourism because
they are highly glaciated
 The lowlands of central plateau and Jura have encouraged forestry and
lumbering activities
 The gentle slopes of plateau have encouraged livestock rearing due to presence
of pastures
 The steep slopes of the Alps have encouraged generation of HEP for industrial
and domestic use.
 The flatlands of the central plateau during raining seasons affect settlement due
to flooding
 Steep slope of the Alps limit development of transport routes
Id – 4max
Ds – 4max

Outline the problems facing land use in the Swiss plateau are:

 Soil exhaustion due to over use of land leading to low crop yields
 Air pollution from industries and smoke affect settlement and causes health
related problems
 Scarcity of pastures to feed cattle during winter season
 Some steep areas in Swiss plateau limit development of transport routes
 Limited land for expansion due to a dense population in the Swiss plateau
 Limited crop cultivation due to winter seasons leading to scarcity of food
 There is limited skilled labour to work in industries
 The pests and diseases destroy crops thus affecting farming the crop yields

281
d) measures being taken to address the problems above

 Use of fertilizers to improve soil fertility to increase crop yields

 Use of anti – pollution law / strict laws to reduce on atmosphere pollution
from industries
 Planting of fodder crops to feed the cattle during winter
 Use of glass houses where crops are grown under centralized temperatures
 Spraying with pesticides to control pests and diseases
 Hiring labour during the busy harvesting period
 Vertical construction to increase space of accommodation

9 a) i) Arable farming with 53%

ii) Orchards with 5%

calculations;

 Market gardening
07
× 3600 = 25.20 ≅ 250
100
 Mixed farming
35
× 3600 = 1260
100
 Arable farming
53
× 3600 = 190.80 ≅ 1910
100
 Orchards
05
× 3600 = 180
100

282
 A Pie chart showing the different types of farming on the Dutch
polder

Orchards

Market
gardening
180
25o

1260 1910

Mixed
farming Arable
Farming

c) i) Two polders are;

 Wieringer meer polder

 Markerwaad polder
 Eastern Flevoland polder / South polder

ii) processes involved in polder formation include;

 Surveying to establish the nature of the soils in the required land

 Construction of Rin dyked around the area to be drained using clay, sand and
concrete blocks
 Installation of engine pumps to pump away water from the enclosed land
 Canals / Ditches are constructed to drain water out of the enclosed area
 Desalination is done by use of fresh water to remove / flush out the salts from
the reclaimed lands
 Planting of reeds and application of wine is done and later reeds are burnt to
produce ashes which are dug into the soil to reduce salimity
 Soils are deep ploughed to prepare the land for planting
 Pastures are planted in the fields for a few year

283
 OR
An illustration

d) Explain the problems faced by the Dutch polders are;

 Continuous flooding of the polders due to rising levels of the North sea destroy
property and garden
 High occurrence of pests, cold and dump conditions that attack and destroy
crops
 Presence of a number of diseases due to water logging, a breeding ground for
disease causing vectors like Bilharzia from snails
 Heavy pollution of air, water and land due to industralisation and agricultural
activities
 Salination of soils due to much water from underground that reduces soil
productivity
 Increase in population pressure on land due to rapid population growth
 Soil exhaustion due to over cultivation of the land
 Sinking of land on some polders which destroys settlement and transport routes
 High costs of maintenance of the polders like dredging of Canada and
construction of dykes
Id – 4 max
Es – 4 max

284
 10a) A sketch map of Switzerland showing the physical regions, Rivers and
Tourist resorts

N
R. Rhine

St. Moritz

Lausanne

R. Ticino

KEY
Jura region
Plateau
Alps region
River
Tourist Resort
b) Factors for the development of Tourism industry in Switzerland include;

 The numerous tourist attractions during both winter and summer seasons like
glaciated mountains waterfalls, clear blue lakes, Flora and Fauna etc which
attract many tourists
 The warm sunny summer seasons that attracts tourists for sun – bathing,
swimming, filming and several summer sports
 The central location of Switzerland in the heart of Europe making it accessible
by tourists the rich European countries
 The government policy of Neutrality attracts several tourists since they have no
political issue in there country
 Diversity/ many international languages spoken like German, French, Latin,
Italia that helps tourist communicate easily
 The warm hospitality of the Swiss people who will come people from different
parts of the world

285
 The well developed transport network based on electrified railway system, cable
cars, roads and water transport that makes movements easily
 The large sums of capital injected in the tourism industry by building modern
hotels, tourist resorts, transport routes and others
 The size of modern technology like Electronic banking, money transfer, online
banking helps in easy access to all services
 Availability of many tour packages like offering subsidies reduce costs of travel
and stay
 The well developed accommodation facilities such as hotel a, chalet, inns that
provide comfort to tourists
 The wide advertisement attracts tourists from all over the world through
magazines, internet, Televisions, Radios among others
 The highly skilled man power to work as tour guides, hotel managers, waters
 Switzerland being the international headquarters for international organisations
like world bank, world health organization (WHO) and others attract many
tourists

10c) the contributions of tourism to Switzerland:

 Has led to development of infrastructure like roads, hotels, entertainment places
and others
 Has created employment opportunities to people like Hotel managers, drivers,
game rangers, tour – guides who earn some income
 Has promoted conservation and protection of wild life in game reserves like the
flora and fauna
 Has facilitated development of art and crafts industry which are exports to earn
foreign income used for development
 It has promoted international understandship between Switzerland and the
original tourists from other countries who came to visit
 Promoted economic diversification thus ensuring a steady flow of revenue and
foreign exchange used for development of other sectors
 Has led to growth of towns and urban centers including tourist resorts where
better services like accommodation, health, banking are provided
 It has a major source of foreign exchange used for development of other sectors
from the many tourists that visit the country

286
 d) Measures taken to improve the tourism industry in Switzerland include

 Ensuring political stability and fighting against terrorism to create a proper

environment for tourism
 Increased advertisement of the tourism industry on internet, Radios,
Magazines and others
 Training more manpower / Labour to handle the tourism related activities
more professionally
 Sensitization of the people about the importance of tourism and conservation
of wildlife
 Strict laws put in place to control poaching
 Improvement on transport facilities like more modern roads, railways and air
to increase accessibility to tourist centers
 Conserving wild animals by setting up more game reserves and sanctuaries
 Encouraging more foreign investors to invest to invest in the tourism
industry like building of more modern Hotels
Mx – 03
25

11a) i) Islands A – Kowloon Island

B – Lan Tau Island

C – Tsing-Yilsland

ii) D – Victoria Harbour

iii) Towns 1 - Tsuea

2 – Sha Tin

3 – Tuen Mun

iv) Airport 4 – Kai Tak Airport

b) Factors that have led to the development of Hong Kong entrepot.

 The presence of a deep natural harbor which helps in anchoring of large

vessels/ ship
 A well – sheltered that facilitated the protection of the port from strong winds

287
 Presence of hard basement rocks which uttered a firm foundation for building
the port
 Existence of low tidal range which allows the accommodation of large ocean
vessels all the year round
 The port is ice- free due to the existence of the warm Kuro siwo ocean current,
making it operational all year round
 Presence of a rich hinterland capable of both agricultural and mineral raw
materials
 Its strategic location, at major East West transit route making it accessible to
carry out various activities
 Presence of an extensive land for the expansion of the port and related port
facilities
 The well developed transport and communication network to connect the port
to the hinterland for transportation of goods
 Adequate capital to invest in the construction of port facilities like ware houses,
channels, bridges and others
 Favourable government policy of promoting imports and exports via Hong
Kong ports
 The advanced technology used in the establishment of the entrport like dock
yards, cranes and others
 The skilled labour to work at the port
Id – 4max
Ds – 4 max
c) Functions of Hong Kong entreport include;
 It is an international port handling both imports and exports and exports
 It’s a financial centre with many banks, trading activities, insurances and others
 It’s an industrial centre with many manufacturing industries thus a source of
government revenue
 A major tourism centre with many attractions and recreational facilities that
bring foreign exchange
 Its an administrative centre with many government offices in the area
 It’s a residential centre that offers accommodation facilities
 It’s a transport centre with railway, ferries, shipping routes, air ports to link to
different places

d) the negative effects of the growth of Hong Kong entreport on the

environment are;

288
  there is congestion / overcrowding at the port leading to easy spread of
diseases
 there is environmental pollution at the port like air, water and land that
health hazards
 loss of vegetation to create space for settlement / industries leading to loss
of bio – diversity
 high crime rates like drug abuse, prostitution, child trafficking which create
insecurity at the port
 high costs of maintenance of port facilities like water maintenance
 high rate of unemployment due to mechanization that leads to low standards
of living
 shortage of land for expansion

12a) i) Two agricultural communes are;

 Red light commune

 Chan Shua
 Gele
 Honan
 Dai Yunnan
 Fwan Twing
 Yangtan

ii) land – use types on commune:

 Crop growing / cultivation due to fertile soils

 Settlement due to adequate food supply
 Road / railway transport due to trade
 Fishing due to rivers around
 Trade and commerce from the produce
 Power generation from rivers
 Industralisation due to agricultural produce
 Tourism of agricultural farms
b) characteristics of agricultural communes China are;
 Farms / communes are government / state- owned
 Communes are managed communally by a selected committee

289
 Communes / farms are highly mechanized
 Farm produce is marketed and controlled by the government / state
 The profits after selling the harvests are shared among the tenants / members/
workers
 Farms / communes have different sizes, some are small others big
 Farms / communes are only allowed to grow one crop
 Farmers area allowed some limited area for growing of vegetables
 Workers on communes must work for 6 days in a weak and 8 hours a day
 Processing of agricultural produce is done on anyone given commune
 They use scientific methods of production such as the use of herbicides,
fertilizers and machinery

c) i) advantages of communal farming

 Land remains consolidated to allow maximum output

 Communes cater for the would be landless peasants by providing basics
for them, like land, food etc
 Mechanization is possible due to land consolidation
 There is easy marketing and collection of produce from any farm due to
proper organization
 They ensure high quality of goods/ produce due to use of scientific
management
 There is east mobilization of capital to be used by the farm due to proper
management
 There is optimum utilisation of land as it is strongly emphasized

ii) Disadvantages of communal farming include;

 Farmers find it difficult to make independent decisions, strategies to

help in running of a commune leading to low production
 Crop failure may be a disaster to the entire commune on a bad season e.g
in case of a storm, drought, attack by locusts
 There is high rigidity and low flexibility in controlling farmers, there is
no individual freedom
 Inadequate knowledge on the market conditions due to over
centralization by the state, this leads to exploitation of farmers

290
  Communes may lead to destruction of the family structure in favour of
communal family
 Pests and disease destroy farmers crops leading to losses
 It encourages destruction of the environment such as forests to establish
communal farmers, this leads to loss of bio – diversity
 There is mismanagement of communal farms through corruption
resulting into great losses
 Use of monoculture that leads to soil exhaustion
 Many times works are paid low wages hence exploitation and poverty of
the workers

d) Steps being taken to improve communal farming in China

 Farmers are now allowed to hold small plots of land to grow

vegetables and other seasonal crops
 Application of fertilizers to improve on soil fertility
 Spraying is done by use of pesticides to control pests
 Periodical election of leadership every after 5 years to control
corruption
 Educating farmers about better farming methods like use of
fertilizers to improve on agricultural productivity
 Carrying out crop diversification to control pests and diseases and
to increase output
 Continuous training of Labour to avail them relevant skills to be
able to work and be able to use farm equipment
 Construction of agro – based industries to improve on the quality
of produce
 Provision of credit facilities like loans to progressive farmers to
improve on production
 Encouraging irrigation projects by the use of dams to increase
production of crops
Id – 4max
Ex – 4max

13a) A line graph showing china’s population between 2015 and 2030
(projected)

291
 2,250,000

2,000,000

Total 1,750,000
popn
1,500,000
size
(000s)1,250,000

1,000,000

750,000

500,000

250,000

2015 2020 2030 (projected)

year
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑛 −𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑛
b) percentage Change = × 100
𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑛

1520,500−1383200
= × 100
1383200

= 9.9%

c) i) causes of a large population size in china;

 Availability of improved transport and communication network in form of

roads, railways that provide easy movement of people and goods
 The availability and warm temperature that support agricultural practices
have attached a large population size
 Presence of a gently sloping landscape and plains especially in the Eastern
side of China that has enabled farming thus attracting a large population
 The fertile soils that have supported agriculture thus attracting large
settlement in river valleys
 The variety of mineral resources in the East that attracted dense settlement
to carry out mining activities

292
 The historical factors like early civilization which started along river valleys
in the East, created dense settlement especially by the Hanrace
 The many industrial areas with in the Eastern region in such areas have
attracted dense settlement due to employment opportunities provide
 The high rate of urbanization mainly in the East side has attracted a large
population size for business opportunities and urban benefits
 The many social services that are provided in various urban centers of
china that have attracted a large population like banking, health, insurance
services
Id – 4max
Ex – 4max

ii) Problems resulting from a large population size in china;

 Limited accommodation in such areas leading to creation of slums
 Congestion of people on roads, public places leads to accidents and easy
spread of diseases
 High levels of unemployment due to limited job opportunities in such areas
with large population
 There is too much presence on land and other available social and
economic infrastructure which has resulted into depletion of natural
resources
 Food shortage sometimes that has led to starvation and malnutrition
 Traffic congestion of roads that results into accidents and delayed movement
of people and goods
 Poor environmental health and sanitation leading to high rate of diseases
spread in such areas
 The high cost of living due to increased demand of the goods and services
in the area like health services, education, transport
 High government expenditure to support people in such regions and
difficulty to plan for big population size, leading to low service delivery
 High crime rates like drug abuse, gambling, murder, theft and others causing
insecurity
 High dependency burden due to a high number of young people and elderly
lead to low savings
Id – 3max
Ex – 3max

293
d) measures being taken by China to solve the problems (c) ii above;

 Modernsation of agriculture to increase on food production

 Adoption of a children policy per family to help in family planning and proper
government planning in the densely populated areas
 Use fly overs, traffic lights and widening of roads has been done to improve on
the movement of people and traffic to reduce on delays
 Encouraging outward migration to reduce on the large population figures within
areas that are density populated
 Use of vertical expansions through construction of storage buildings on
congestion and limited accommodation
 Establishment of planned settlements to reduce on urban congestion
 Diversification of economy through adapting use of fish farming, horticulture to
provide alternation employment opportunities
 Importation of supplementary food stuffs from other countries to add on the
domestic food resources
 Establishment of health centres to help treat diseases
Max 04
25

294
 MATHEMATICS P1 456 / 1
QTN SOLUTION MARKS COMMENTS

1 𝑟2
𝑉=
(𝑟 − 𝑡)(𝑟 + 𝑡)
M1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟 2 − 𝑡 2
𝑟2
𝑉= M1 Accept
𝑟2 − 𝑡2

𝑉(𝑟 2 − 𝑡 2 ) = 𝑟 2 Correct opening of

brackets
𝑉𝑟 2 − 𝑣𝑡 2 = 𝑟 2 M1
−𝑣𝑡 2 = 𝑟 2 − 𝑣𝑟
2 2 2
𝑉𝑟 − 𝑟 = 𝑉𝑡
−𝑣𝑡 2 = 𝑟 2 (1 − 𝑣)
2( 2
𝑟 𝑉 − 1) = 𝑉𝑡

𝑉𝑡 2
𝑟2 =
𝑣−1 −𝑣𝑡 2
A1 = 𝑟2
𝑣𝑡 2 𝑣
1−𝑣
𝑟 = √𝑣−1 𝑟 = 𝑡√𝑣−1
−𝑣𝑡 2
𝑟=√
1−𝑣

04

2 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎2 − 3𝑏2

2 ∗ (5 ∗ −3) M1

5 ∗ −3 = 52 − 3 × (−3)2

= 25 -27 A1

=-2

2 ∗ −2 = 22 − 3 × (−2)2 M1

= 4 – 12

= -8 A1

04

295
3
11 𝐴2 = 𝐴 .𝐴 B1 for all c/B
Class −2 class 𝑓 𝑐𝑓 𝑥 𝑑 = 𝑥−𝐴 𝑓𝑑 correct
2 −2 2
= (
boundary1 0) ( )
1 0 B1 for all cf correct
M1
6 10-14
9.5 –=14.5 −4 5 5 12 -15 -75
( ) B1 for all x correct
−2 2
14.5-19.5 15-19 9 14 17 -10 -90
det 𝐴2 = (6 × 2) − (−4 × −2) B1 for all d correct
A1
19.5-24.5 20-24 12 26 22 -5 -60
M1 for all fd
24.5-29.5 25-29 18 44 27 0 0 correct
= 12 − 8
M1 A1 for 320
29.5-34.5
=4 30-34 25 69 32 5 125
M1 for his wrong
34.5-39.5 35-39
1 215 4 84 37 10 150 product
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴2 = ( )
4 2 6
39.5-44.5 40-44 10 94 42 15 150
1
1
44.5-49.5 = (21
45-49
3)
6 100 47 20 120
Accept (
0.5 1 )
2 2
A1 0.5 1.5
𝜀𝑑= 𝜀𝑓𝑑=320
100

04

4 𝜀𝑓𝑑
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴 +
𝜀𝑓
(−3,0) (0,4)
320
= 27 + 4−0 4
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑, 𝑚 100
= =
0+3 3
= 27 + 3.2 M1 M1
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐶
= 30.2
4
4 = ×0+𝐶
See graph
3

𝐶𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
=4 = 30.5 ± 0.5

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4
(b) 𝑦= 𝑥30+−4 31
3 A1

𝑜𝑟 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 12
A curving with 9.5 at the starting point i.e is also acceptable M1

296
 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠

4 A1 B1 or without
With
3𝑦 − 4𝑥 < 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 < 𝑥 + 4
3 testing. Accept
A1 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 < 12

04

5 20
Cf
2𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 7 M1 For correct
10
2
factorization
2𝑥 + 𝑥9.5
− 14𝑥 14.5
−7 19.5 …………… A1

Upper /B
𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1) − 7(2𝑥 + 1)

(2𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 7) 12
M1
12a) (2𝑥 + 1)) (𝑥 − 7) = 0
𝑥 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 A1 B1
2𝑥 2 4.5 2 0.5 0 0.5 2 4.5 8 12. 18
2𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑂𝑟 𝑥 − 7 = 0 5 B1
For both correct
−3𝑥−1 4.5 3 1.5 0 -1.5 -3 -4.5 -6 - -9
𝑥= 𝑂𝑟 𝑥 = 7 values of 𝑥
2 7.5

-7 04
B2
6 Total
𝑦 of the
2 seven
-2 numbers
-5 -7 -8 -8 -7 -5 -2 2
B1 for 5-9 correct
= 7 × 20 M1

Solving the equation , 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥=−140

8=0 M1
C M1
Total
2𝑥 2 of the−Twelve
− 3𝑥 7 = 𝑦 numbers
=2𝑥
122 −
× 3𝑥
15 − 8 = 0

= 180 the line 𝑦 = 1

Drawing
A1
Total of the±five
𝑥 = −1.4 0.1numbers
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2.8 ± 0.1
= 180 − 140
−1.5− −
1.3 2.7 − 2.9
A1 for both values
= 40 of 𝑥 correct

12

297
13 ∴ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠

40 M1 For both correct

=
5 values
A1
=8
R

04

7 Re – arranging

3𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 1 1200 B1

2𝑎 − 𝑏 = −8 P 3cm Q
B1 – correct sketch
(3 5 ) (𝑎 ) 1
= ( )
2 −1 𝑏 −8
M1
𝑎 1
(−1 −5) (3 5 ) ( ) = (−1 −5) ( )
−2 3 2 −1 𝑏 −2 3 −8

−13 0 𝑎 39
( )( ) = ( ) M1
0 −13 𝑏 26
−13𝑎 39
( )= ( )
−13𝑏 −26

−13𝑎 = 39

𝑎 = −3
A1
−13𝑏 = −26

𝑏=2
04
∴ 𝑎 = −3, 𝑏 = 2

298
 A

B 38 D

38
E C F

(i) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 38 = 900 M1

∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 90 − 38

= 520

(ii) ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶

∠ 𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 180 − (38 + 38) A1

= 180 − 76

= 1040

OR
A

∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 45°
M1
∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 90°

B 38

38 D
E C F
A1

299
 A

∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 45°
B D
38
∠𝐵𝐷𝐶
= 180 − 2 × 38

= 180 − 76
E C F
= 104°

04

9 𝑃 (𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟)

= 𝑃 (𝑅1 𝑅2 ) + 𝑃 (𝑊1 𝑊2 ) + 𝑃(𝐵1 𝐵2 ) M1M1 5

M1 for (12 × 11)
4
M1
5 4 3 2 4 3 3 2
= × + × + × M1 for 12 × 11
12 11 12 11 12 11
A1
20 6 12 38
A1 for 132 𝑜𝑟 06
19
= + +
132 132 132 04
38 19
= 𝑂𝑅
132 66

10

1 𝑥 2 −10 M1
( )( ) = ( )
𝑦 −4 −3 4
M1
2 − 3𝑥 −10
( )= ( )
2𝑦 + 12 4

2 − 3𝑥 = −10 M1

−3𝑥 = −12

300
𝑥= 4

2𝑦 + 12 = 4 A1 For any correct

equation
2𝑦 = −8
A1 for both 𝑥 =
𝑦 = −4
4 & 𝑦 = −4

04

301
302
303
14(a)

(i) 10 05 20 04 B2 Accept the other

(20 15 5 30) correct
03 04 10 02 B2 arrangement
3×4 M1 2800 5500 5000
( )
2800 3000 3000 6500 6000
( 5500 M1
6500 )
5000 6000 100524
( 20155 )
3×2 030410
A1
For correct
M1 multiplication and
10 20 03 2800 3000 addition
(ii) ( 05 15 04 ) (5500 6500) A1
20 05 10 5000 6000
04 30 02

28000 + 110000 + 15000 30000 + 130,000 + 18000

14000 + 82500 + 20000 15000 + 97500 + 24000 A1
( 14000 + 82500 + 20000 60000 + 32,500 + 60000 )
11200 + 165000 + 10000 12000 + 195000 + 12000 A1

153,000 178,000 A1
116,500 136,500
= ( )
133,500 152,500
186,200 219,000
M1 for subtraction
A paid 178,000 - 153000 of any correct
b values A1 for each
=shs. 25,000 correct amount for
B paid 136,500 - 11650 A,B, C & D
= shs 20,000

C paid 152,500 - 133,500

= shs 19,000

D paid 219,000 - 186,200

= shs. 32,800

12

304
15

(a)

𝑋 ≥ 5 … … … … … … … … … . . (𝑖 ) B1

𝑌 ≥ 10 … … … … … … … … … … (𝑖𝑖 )

𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 30 … … … … … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) B1

3𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 54 … … … … … … … … … . (𝑖𝑣)

See graph B1

Lines to be drawn

𝑥 =5 B1

𝑦 = 10

(b)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30

(0,30) (30,0) M1
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 54 For correct
(0,54) (18 ,0) drawing and
M1 correct shading of
(7122 - 14000 + 66,000) each line ie

M1 for x=5

Expression for expected income per day M1 for y=10

M1 for x+y =30

I = 2000𝑥 + 3000𝑦 M1 for 3x+y = 54

A1

From the graph, the possible solutions are

305
 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐼 = 2000𝑥 + 3000𝑦 Income I stands for income
or any other letter
(5,20) 10,000 + 60,000 70,000 used or with out a
letter ie
(15,10) 30,000 + 30,000 60,000
200𝑥+3000𝑦
(5,25) 10,000 + 75,000 85,000

(9,20) 18,000 + 60,000 78,000

M1 for testing any
(18,10) 36,000 + 30,000 66,000 B1 three points
including (5,25)
(15,15) 30,000 + 45,000 75,000

6,23) 12,000 + 69,000 81,000

6,24 12,000 + 72,000 84,000 M1

The maximum income per day is shs 85,000

A1

12

16

(a)

306
 𝐽
(0,1)

(-1,0)
(0,-1) (1,0)

0 1
( )
1 0

Matrix of reflection
(i) B2
0 1
( )
−1 0

𝐴′ 𝐵′ 𝐶 ′

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴′ 𝐵′ 𝐶′
0 1 B2
( ) (2 3 1) = ( 2 4 4)
1 0
2 4 4 3 3 1
(ii) M1

𝐴′ (2,3), 𝐵′ (4,3), 𝐶 ′ (4,1)

b) i) A1

(ii) 𝐴′′ 𝐵′′ 𝐶 ′′

M1

𝐴′ 𝐵′ 𝐶′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′′ 𝐶 ′′
0 1
( ) (2 4 4 ) = ( 3 −2 1 )
−1 0
3 3 1 −2 −4 −4 A1

𝐴′′ (3, −2) 𝐵′′ (3, −4) 𝐶 ′′ (1, −4)

307
 Single matrix mapping A1

C ABC = A’’ B’’ C’’

Its is equal to M1

0 1 0 1 A1
( ) ( )
−1 0 1 0
1 0
( )
0 −1

12

17

𝑦+5
2𝑦 + 1
𝑦+2
(𝑦 + 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = (2𝑦 + 1)2

(𝑦 + 5)2 = 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 + 25 M1 Correct use of

Pythagoras theorem
(𝑦 + 2)2 = 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4
Correct expansion
(2𝑦 + 1)2 = 4𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1 M1

∴ 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4 = 4𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1
Correct expansion
2 2
2𝑦 + 14𝑦 + 29 = 4𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 1 M1

2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 14𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 29 − 1 = 0
Correct expansion
−2𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 28 = 0 M1

𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 − 14 = 0

𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 14 = 0

𝑦(𝑦 − 7) + 2(𝑦 − 7) = 0

(𝑦 − 7)(𝑦 + 2) = 0

308
Either M1 For correcting like
terms
𝑦−7 =0 A1

𝑦=7
For reduced form
Or 𝑦 + 2 = 0 M1 of quadratic
𝑥 = −2 equation

∴ 𝑥 = 7𝑐𝑚 A1

Base = 12cm A1

Height = 9cm

Hypotenus = 15cm A1 For both 7 and -2

1
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑏ℎ
2
1
M1
= × 12 × 9
2
For 7cm alone
2
= 54cm
For all side correct

12

309
310
 MATHEMATICS 456 / 2
MARKING GUIDE

QTNS SOLUTION MARKS COMMENTS

1 A (-3 ,1 ) , B(6,9)
2
OP = 2OA + 3 OB M1

2 M1
OP = 2(−3
1
) + (69)
3
M1
OP = (−6
2
) + (46)

OP = (−2
8
)
A1
∴ 𝑃 = (−2,8)

04

2 6kg cost shs 90,000

90,000
1 kg costs M1
6

= shs. 15,000

If the cost is increased by 20% M1

120
New cost = × 15,000
100
M1
= shs. 18,000

90,000
∴ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑔𝑠 =
18,000 A1

= 5kg

04
64
3 32𝑥−3 × 8𝑥+4 = 2𝑥

26
(25 )x-3 × (23)x +4 =
2𝑥
M1

311
 25𝑥−15 × 23𝑥+12 = 26−𝑥 M1 For putting to
same base
25𝑥−15+3𝑥+12 = 26−𝑥
For multiplying
8𝑥 − 3 = 6 − 𝑥 M1 powers and
9𝑥 = 9 subtracting on
R.H.S
𝑥=1 A1
For equating the
powers

04

4 4√3
2√3 −√6

4√3 (2√3 + √6)

=
(2√3 − √6) (2√3 + √6)

24 + 4√18 M1 For correct

= rationalization
12 − 6
24+4 ×3√2
= 6

24+12√2
= 6

A1 For 4 + 2√2
4 + 2√2 , compare with 𝑎 + 𝑏√2
A1 For both
a = 4 and b = 2 correct values
of a and b
04

5 Taxi
20 1
time = 20 minutes = 60 = 3 hrs

312
 speed = 120km / hr

∴𝐷 = 𝑆×𝑡
1
=120 ×
3

= 40km

Speed by a bus = 100km / hr

D = 40km M1

𝐷
T=
𝑆
A1
40
= 100 hrs

2
= 5 hrs or 24 minutes
M1 2
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 ℎ𝑟𝑠
5

For 24 min
A1

04

6 Point (4, -2), line 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6

4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6

3𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 6

−4
𝑦= 𝑥 + 12
3
−4
∴ 𝑚1 = 3
from m1m2 = -1

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐

3
−2 = 𝑥−2
4

−2 = 3 + 𝑐 M1

𝑐 = −5

313
 ∴ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 M1

3
𝑦= 𝑥−5
4

7 1 tray costs shs 9000

90 trays cost 90× 9000

= shs 810,000

Ushs 3600 1
1
Ush 1
6300

810,000
Ushs 810,000 3600

= 8225

∴ 𝑂𝑡𝑖𝑚 𝑔𝑜𝑡 225 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠

8 1
𝑉 ∝
𝑟3
𝐾
𝑉 =
𝑟3

𝐾 = 𝑉𝑟 3

V = 24, r = 2

K =24 × 23

K = 192

314
 192
∴𝑉=
𝑟3

R=4

192
𝑉=
43
192
𝑉=
64

V=3

48 16
9 A.S.F = =
27 9

L.S.F = √𝐴. 𝑆. 𝐹

16
= √9

4
=
3

V.S.F = (L.S.F)3
4 64
= (3)3 = 27

𝑋.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑔 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟

V.S.F = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟

Volm of small = Volm of big × V.S.F

27
= 128 × 64

= 54

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 54𝑐𝑚 3

10 Juma Jane Sarah

3
X 2
𝑋 3X

315
 3
𝑋+ 𝑋 + 3𝑋 = 143,000
2

2𝑋 + 3𝑋 6𝑋 = 286,000

11𝑋 = 286,000

𝑋 = 26,000

Sarah’s share is 3X

= 3 × 26,000

= 78,000/=

11 𝑃 (𝑟) = log10 (3𝑟 − 2)

ℎ(𝑟) = 2𝑟 − 6

𝑃 (4) = log10 (3 × 4) − 2

(i)

= log10 10

=1

ℎ −1 (2)

h(r) = 2r -6

(ii)

Let 𝑦 = 2𝑟 − 6

𝑦+6
2𝑟 =
2
𝑟+6
∴ ℎ −1 (2) = 2

2+6
∴ ℎ −1 (2) =
2

=4

316
 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2

𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 2 −2)

(b) = 2(𝑥 2 − 2) + 1

= 2𝑥 2 − 4 + 1

= 2𝑥 2 − 3

𝑔𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑔(2𝑥 + 1)

= (2𝑥 + 1)2 - 2

= 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 − 2

= 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1

= 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑥 2 − 3

4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑥 2 + 3 = 0

2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 = 0

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0

𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 1 (𝑥 +) = 0

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0

𝑥+1 =0

𝑥 = −1.

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = −1

12

317
 𝑛(𝜀) = 45

Q = 24
12 − 𝑥

𝑥
9
R=2

3𝑥

𝑛(𝑀) = 19

P = 25 – ( 12−𝑥 + 𝑥 + 8 − 𝑥)

= 25 − 20 + 𝑥

= 5+𝑥

𝑄 = 24 − (12 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 9)

= 24-21

=3

𝑅 = 19 − (8 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 9)

𝑅 = 19 − 17

=2

318
 ∴ 5 + 𝑥 + 12 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 8 − 𝑥 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 3𝑥 = 45

39 + 3𝑥 = 45

3𝑥 = 6

𝑥=2

10
3
7 2
6
9

2 6

𝑛 (𝑀) = 19

The number of students offering all the subjects is 2

n( at least two subjects) = 10 +6 + 9+ 2

= 27

27 3
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏 = 𝑜𝑟
45 5

13 𝑇 ∝𝑁 , 𝑇 ∝𝐼

𝑇 = 𝐾𝑁 , 𝑇 = 𝑅𝐼

𝑇 = 𝐾𝑁 + 𝑅𝑇

Using time in minutes

319
 𝑁 = 40, 𝐼 = 5, 𝑇 = 70 𝑚𝑖𝑛

40𝐾 + 5𝑅 = 70 … … … … … … … . (𝑖 )

𝑁 = 60, 𝐼 = 4, 𝑇 = 98 𝑚𝑖𝑛

60𝐾 + 4𝑅 = 98 … … … … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖 )

5[60𝐾 + 4𝑅 = 98]

4[40𝐾 + 5𝑅 = 70]

300𝐾 + 20𝑅 = 490

−160𝐾 + 20𝑅 = 280

140𝐾 = 210

210
𝐾=
140
3
𝐾=
2

40𝐾 + 5𝑅 = 70

3
40 × + 5𝑅 = 70
2

60 + 5𝑅 = 70

5𝑅 = 10

𝑅=2

3
∴ 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑇 = 𝑁 + 2𝐼
2

T = ?, I = 10, N = 50

3
𝑇= × 50 + 2 × 10
(a) 2

T = 75 + 20

320
 T = 95 minutes

Or 1hr 35 minutes

N = ?, T = 75minutes, I = 9

(b)
3
T = 2 𝑁 + 2𝐼

3
75 = 2 𝑁 + 2 × 9

3
75 = 𝑁 + 18
2
3
𝑁 = 57
2
57 × 2
𝑁=
3

𝑁 = 38

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 38 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠

Alternative:

Using time in hours

𝑇 = 𝐾𝑁 + 𝑅𝐼

7
40𝐾 + 5𝑅 =
6

240𝐾 + 30𝑅 = 7 … … … … … … … . . (𝑖 )

49
60𝐾 + 4𝑅 =
30

321
 1800𝐾 + 120𝑅 = 49 … … … … … … … . (𝑖𝑖 )

1800𝐾 + 120𝑅 = 49

4(240𝐾 + 30𝑅 = 7)

960𝐾 + 120𝑅 = 28

840𝐾 = 21

21
𝐾=
840
1
𝐾=
40

240𝐾 + 30𝑅 = 7

240𝐾 + 30𝑅 = 7

1
240 × + 30𝑅 = 7
40

6 + 30𝑅 = 7

30𝑅 = 1

1
𝑅=
30
1 1
∴ 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑇 = 𝑁+ 𝐼
40 30

(a) N = 50, I =10

1 1
𝑇= × 50 + × 10
40 30
5 1
𝑇= +
4 3
15 + 4
𝑇=
12
19
𝑇=
12

322
 7
= 1 12 hrs or 1hr 35 min

1
𝑇 = 1 4 hrs, I = 9, N =?

1 1
𝑇= 40
N+ 30
𝐼

𝑁 5 9
= −
40 4 30
𝑁 114
=
40 120

(b)
120𝑁 = 4560

4568
𝑁=
120

𝑁 = 38

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 38 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠

14 Scale 4 cm : 1hour

2 cm : 10km

See graph.
𝐷 100
Lorry, 𝑇 = 𝑆
= 25

∴ 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 = 4ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝐷
𝑇𝑎𝑥𝑖 , 𝑇 =
𝑆
100
= 5

Time taken = 2hours

323
 See graph

(b) From the graph

(i) Time = 7 : 00am

Distance = 25 Km

A lorry reached at 8:00am

(ii) A taxi reached at 7: 30am

15
V

S R

P 16 cm Q

12
(ii)
P 16 Q

324
 PR = √162 + 122

= √400 = 20cm

24

O 10 Q
𝑉𝑄 = √102 + 242 = √676 = 26 cm

(iii)

24
4
θ
O 8 M

24
tan 𝜃 = 8

=3

325
 𝜃 = tan−1 3 θ = 71.5650

16 Total allowance monthly

= 48,000
960,000
Housing = 12
= 80,000

60,000
600,000
Medical = 12
= + 50,000

1
Marriage = × 650,000 = 32,500
20

Children = 2 × 12,000 + 7800 = 31,800

Total allowance = shs. 302,300

Taxable income = Gross

Income - Allowances

= 650,000 - 302,300

= shs 347,700

Taxable income tax

30,000 = 0
18
50,000 × 50,000 = 9000
100

25.4
70,000 100
× 70,000 = 17,780

30.2
100,000 100
× 100,000 = 30,200

40.0
97,700 100
× 97,700 = 39,080

Total Income tax =

9000 + 17,780 + 30,200 + 39,080

326
 = 96,060
96,060
Percentage = × 100%
650,000

= 14.778%

P
2
S
P

O R 𝒒 Q
(a)

(i)
QP.

QP = QO + OP
-
= q + P

= P - q

QS

2QS = 3SP
2 𝑆𝑃
3
= 𝑄𝑆

SP : QS = 2 : 3

3
∴ 𝑄𝑆 = 𝑄𝑃
5

3
= (𝑃 − 𝒒)
5

𝑂𝑆 = 𝑂𝑄 + 𝑄𝑆
(ii)

327
 3
=𝒒+ 5
(𝒑 − 𝒒)

1
= (5𝑞 + 3𝑝 − 3𝒒)
5
1
= 5
(3𝑃 + 2𝒒)

𝑅𝑆 = 𝑅𝑄 + 𝑄𝑆

(iv) From OR : RQ = 2:3

3
RQ = 5
𝑂𝑄

3
= 5
𝒒

3 3
∴ RS = 5
𝒒 + 5
(p –q)

3 3 3
= 5
q +5 𝑃− 5
𝒒

3
𝑅𝑆 = p
5

3
∴ 𝑅𝑆 = 5
OP

3
Since RS = 5 𝑂𝑃,

RS is parallel to OP

328
 CHEMISTRY 545/1
CHEMISTRY GUIDE

TOTAL MARKS 50 MARKS

1C 11 B 21 C 31 B 41.C

2.B 12.D 22.C 32.D 42.C

3.A 13C 23.D 33.D 43A

4C 14C 24D 34C 44 B

5B 15B 25A None 45C

6B 16A 26B 36B 46B

None 17D 27A 37B 47B

8B 18D 28C 38B 48 A

9C 19C 29A None 49 B

10 D 20A 30A 40 B 50A

329
CHEMISTRY 545 / 2

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CHEMISTRY 545 / 4

348
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353
 UMTA JOINT MOCK EXAM

PHYSICS 535/ 1
MARKING GUIDE

SECTION A

1.D 11.C 21.C 31.C

2.C 12.B 22.C 32.D

3.B 13.A 23.B 33.A

4.A 14.B 24.D 34.C

5.C 15.A 25.B 35.B

6.A 16.D 26.B 36.B

7.C 17.C 27.D 37.B

8.C 18.C 28.C 38.D

9.D 19.B 29.A 39.D

10.B 20.A 30.A 40.D

SECTION: B

QT SCORING PONTS NOTES MARK

N

41a Resultant force is zero

)
Sum of clockwise moments is equal to
(sum of) anti clockwise moments

354
b) Points of application of resultant force
due to earth’s attraction

Clockwise moments =anti clockwise

c)
moments

40𝑐𝑚 × 𝑚 = 400𝑔 × 10𝑐𝑚

𝑚 = 100𝑔

42a 𝑊 = 𝐹×𝑑
)

10 × 10
= 50 × 10 ×
100

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑃=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
b)
500
=
5
= 100𝑤

43a Elastic collision Inelastic collision

)
1) Bodies Bodies stick
separate together and
after move with
collision
common velocity

2) Both kinetic Only momentum

energy and is conserved
momentum
are
conserved

355
 Before collision After collision

𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2 = 𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2

(1 × 5) + (4 × 0) = (1 × 𝑣1 ) + (4 × 2)

b)i) 𝑣1 = −3𝑚𝑠 −1

𝑃 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑄

ii)

44a Increase in pressure increases the Or

) boiling point because increase in Decrease
pressure leads to increase in of
temperature at which S.V.P is equal to pressure
external pressure lowers the
boiling
Impurities raise the boiling point
point
because they reduce the number of
(ii)
molecules per unit area escaping at the
surface of the liquid
Extra
She molecules of a liquid are held energy is
together by strong inter molecular used to
b) forces, at boiling point, the energy increase
supplied is used to break these forces as the
the liquid changes state at constant temperat
temperature ure of
impurities

45a This is the emission (escape) of electrons

i) from the surface of a metal when heated

(ii) Thermionic emission is applied in the

 Production of cathode rays

 Production of X- rays
 Tv sets
 CRO
 Computer monitors
356
b)i) Because it allows the flow of current
only in one direction

(ii) I

46a
i)
Progressive wave Stationary wave

Is the wave formed Is formed when

from its source by two progressive
carrying away waves of equal
energy amplitude and
frequency moving
in opposite
direction meet

Waves must be in phase

Two waves must be identical and

(ii) travelling in opposite direction

𝑣 = 𝛾𝑓

3.0 × 108 = 5.0 × 10−8𝑓

b) 𝑓 − 6 × 1015 𝐻𝑧

47a An echo is the reflected sound

357
b) 2𝑑
𝑣=
𝑡
2𝑑
1450 =
0.9
𝑑 = 652.5𝑚

c  Length of string
 Tension in the string
 Mass of string
 thickness
48a Dispersion of Light is the splinting of
white light into its constituent colours

 Each coloured light has its own

speed and refractive index
b)  They are therefore deviated
differently and dispersion takes
place

The spectrum is said to improved

because colours overlap
c)
49a) 15
𝐼𝑔 = = 0.015𝐴
1000
𝐼𝑠 = 3 − 0.015

= 2.985𝐴

5Ω

b) RS

Shunt

358
 P.d across shunt = P.d across the coil

𝐼𝑆 𝑅𝑆 = 𝐼𝑚 𝑅𝑚

2.985 × 𝑅𝑆 = 0.015 × 5

𝑅𝑆 = 0.0251Ω

Polarisation as applied to simple cells is

the formation cells is the formation of
hydrogen bubbles at the copper plate

Local action is the formation of hydrogen

bubbles on the zinc plate

Potassium is minimized by using a

depolarized by using a depolarized
(manganese IV oxide or potassium
50 dichromate)
(a)i) Local action is minimized by using pure
zinc

ii)  Rechargeable
 Last longer
 Low internal resistance
 Supply large currents
b)

c)

359
PHYSICS 535 / 2

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PHYSICS 535 / 3

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PHYSICS 535 / 4

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BIOLOGY 553 / 1

391
BIOLOGY 553 / 3

399
 UCE MARKING GUIDE

BIOLOGY 553/2
JOINT MOCK EXAMINATION

1(a) Table 1

Observation Deduction

(i)Colourless solution turns to a Starch absent 02 ½

brown solution

(ii) Colourless solution turns to a Reducing sugars absent 02 ½

blue solution and remains a blue
solution .occ and remains

(iii) Colourless solution remains a Non reducing sugars present 04 ½

colourless solution and turns to a
blue solution to a great solution to a
yellow precipitate /to an orange to
a yellow precipitate /to an orange
precipitate/to a brown precipitate

b(i) Table 2

TT Final length Difference in length

1 2.9cm -0.1 02 marks

2 3.1cm +0.1 02 marks

Reject final length without units

Experiment error ±0.1 occ 2.7-2.9 for

405
 Test tube 1 and 3.1-3.3 for test tube 2

(ii)TT 1 feels smooth and soft

TT 2 feels rough and hard

(iii) TT1 solution was hypertonic to cell sap. Water molecules moved from
cylinder into the solution in the test tube by osmosis which led to a
decrease in length of the cylinders and softening the cylinder (02 ½)

TT2 solution was hypotonic to cell sap water molecules moved from test
tube into the cylinder by osmosis leading to an increase in length and
hardening of the cylinder (02 ½)

(20 ½ marks)

2-(i)

Specimen Prescription of Number of seeds

pericarp

K Thin,membraneous Many seeds

Smooth epicarp 01 ½

Fleshy Thick mesocarp

Succulent endocarp

L Thin smooth epicarp One seed

Thick ,fleshy mesocarp 01 ½

Thin, hard endocarp

acc juicy
M Dry pericarp Many seeds

Sticky,hairy,rough 01 ½
epicarp/pericarp
Acc more than 2 seeds
Transverse lines of
weakness

N- Dry, rough epicarp Single seed 01 ½

/pericarp

(ii)(a)Specimen with many

seeds………………………………………………go to 2

(b)Specimen with on
seed……………………………………………………go to 3

2(a) Specimen with lines of

weakness………………………………………………..specimen M

(b)Specimen without lines of

weakness……………………………………………Specimen K

3(a) Specimen with succulent

pericarp………………………………………….specimen L

(b) Specimen with dry

pericarp……………………………………………………..Specimen N

(03 marks)

Other alternative Keys can begin with

406
-Lines of weakness

-Succulent Vs dry pericarp

-Rough/smooth epicarp

Reject a key where characteristics are not described in the tab

(b) N has parachute of hairs hairs and it is light which allows it to be easily
blown by wind and it floats in air (02 marks)

M – has sticky hairs which attach on bodies / hair / coats of passing

animals and carried away and latter scratched off / picked, and dropped /
thrown away

Reject answers without stat or feature

(C) Drawing of longitudinal section of specimen L

A0½

N½

Epicarp 06 ½

Drawing marks
-well drawn epicarp thin layered
mesocarp -well drawn thick mesocarp
-well drawn thin endocarp
-well drawn seed
Endocarp
Any 2
(19 ½ )
locule

seed

407
3-Identify

X Incisor tooth

Reject teeth and wrong spelling of name

Reason-Has chisel shaped crown/wedge shaped crown

Reject one rot as reason 02

Y-Molar tooth

Reason-Has three roots

-Has four roots

Reject 3 or 4 roots for reason 02

Function of

X-for cutting

Suitability

-has a sharp top surface used for cutting

-Has a wedge shaped crown for easy cutting

Y-Grinding/crushing food / chewing food

Suitability

-Has cusps and ridges for crushing food

-Has a broad crown which increases surface are for crushing food

- 3 roots for firm attachment in the jaw

408
 C

X Y

-Has one root Has 3 roots

-Has a chisel/wedge shaped crown Acc 4 roots

-Has a single cusp / blade Has a broad ridged crown

-Has no ridge Has many cusifs

Has many ridges

03

(d) Plant materials/vegetation/grass

Reason-Has ridges and cusps

-Has exposed dentine 02

(e) Drawing of specimen X

Crow
n

neck

root Dental canal

Side view Dorsal view vertical view

409
T 01

O 02

L 01 ½

M 01

A0½

W 01

TT 07

20 marks Drawing points

-well drawn crown of different views

-Well drawn root tapering shape

410
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