MODULE 11A

FOR B1 CERTIFICATION

TURBINE AEROPLANE
AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES
AND SYSTEMS

Aviation Maintenance Technician

Certification Series

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AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION SERIES

Contributing Authors Thomas Forenz

Kurt C. Gibson
Charles L. Rodriguez
Peter Vosbury
Layout/Design Michael Amrine

Version 004.1 - Effective Date 04.30.2021

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 WELCOME
The publishers of this Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series welcome you to the world of
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REVISION LOG
VERSION EFFECTIVE DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
001 2015 10 Module Creation and Release
002 2016 01 Minor Revisions
003 2017 09 Format Update
003.1 2019 02 Added section on Pneumatic and Pressure Pumps in Sub-Module 16.
003.2 2019 05 Corrected incorrect answers in Sub-Module 20.
004 2019 12 Typographic format updated; Sequencing of content to Appendix 1 refined.
004.1 2021 04 Enhanced content of M11A Sub-Module 08(b)

Version 4 - Enhanced or modified content within the following Sub-Modules:

Sub-Module 02 Bonding Procedures, NACA Scoops
Sub-Module 03 Flight Control Surfaces, Image of A330 emergency slide image of turbine nacelle
Sub-Module 07 Images of interior paneling and cargo container added for clarity
Sub-Module 19 Common Core Systems
Sub-Module 20 IFE Systems and Servers
Sub-Module 21 Airbus Information System Architecture

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, iii

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

TURBINE AEROPLANE Stall Wedges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.15

AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES Sawtooth Leading Edge‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.15
AND SYSTEMS Wingtip Vortices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.15
Welcome‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iii Winglet‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16
Revision Log‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iii High Speed Flight‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16
Forward‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ iv Speed Of Sound‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16
EASA License Category Chart‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ v Mach Number, Subsonic, Transonic And
General Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ v Supersonic Flight‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.16
Contents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ xiii Shock Wave‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17
Normal Shock Wave‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17
SUB-MODULE 01 Oblique Shock Wave‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.17
THEORY OF FLIGHT Expansion Wave‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.18
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.1 Critical Mach Number‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.18
Aeroplane Aerodynamics And Flight Controls‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Affects Of Sweepback On Critical Mach Number 1.18
Primary Flight Control Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.2 Compressibility Buffet‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.19
Operation And Effect Of Roll Control Devices‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Aerodynamic Heating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.19
Ailerons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.3 Area Rule‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.20
Spoilers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.4 Engine Intake Airflow Of High Speed Aircraft‥‥‥ 1.20
Operation And Effect Of Pitch Control Devices‥‥‥ 1.5 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.21
Elevators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.5 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.22
Stabilators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.5
Variable Incidence Stabilizers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.5 SUB-MODULE 02
Canards‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.5 AIRFRAME STRUCTURES — GENERAL
Operation And Effect Of Yaw Control Devices‥‥‥‥ 1.6 CONCEPTS
Rudders ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.6 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.1
Rudder Limiters ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.6 Airworthiness Requirements for Structural Strength 2.2
Secondary Or Auxiliary Control Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Structural Classification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Operation And Effect Of Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Primary Structure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Trim Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Secondary Structure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Balance Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.7 Tertiary Structure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Servo Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.8 Damage Tolerant Concepts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Anti-Servo/Anti-Balance Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Fail Safe‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.2
Spring Tabs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Safe Life‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3
Aerodynamic Balance Panels‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Damage Tolerance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3
Mass Balance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Zonal And Station Identification Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3
Control Surface Bias‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.9 Station Numbering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.3
Flaps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.10 Zonal Identification System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.4
Flaperons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.12 Access and Inspection Panels‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.4
Slats‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.12 Structural Stresses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.6
Slots‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Hoop Stress‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.7
Elevons And Ruddervators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.13 Metal Fatigue‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.7
Drag Inducing Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 Drainage and Ventilation Provisions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8
Spoilers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 Drainage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8
Speed Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 Ventilation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8
Boundary Layer Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 System Installation Provisions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.8
Vortex Generators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 Lightening Strike Protection and Bonding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.9
Wing Fence‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1.14 Bonding Procedures And Precautions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, xiii

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Airframe Structure Methods‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Attachment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.7

Fuselage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 3.2 ‑ Wings (ATA 54)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8
Truss Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Wing Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.8
Stressed Skin Monocoque Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.10 Wing Spars‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.10
Semimonocoque Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.11 Wing Ribs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.11
Beams Floor Structures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Wing Roots And Tips‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.11
Struts And Ties‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Wing Skin‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.12
Methods Of Skinning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Fuel Storage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.13
Doublers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.12 Attachments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16
Wing, Empennage and Engine Attachment‥‥‥‥ 2.13 Landing Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16
Structure Assembly Techniques‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.14 Pylons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16
Anti‑Corrosion Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 Control Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.16
Methods of Surface Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.16 High Lift/Drag Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.17
Anodizing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.17 3.3 ‑ Stabilizers (ATA 55)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.17
Chromating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 Stabilizer Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.17
Cladding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 Control Surface Attachment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18
Painting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 3.4 ‑ Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18
Surface Cleaning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 Construction And Attachment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.18
Exterior Aircraft Cleaning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.18 Balancing Flight Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19
Airframe Symmetry‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.19 Static Balancing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19
Checking Dihedral‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.19 Aerodynamic (Dynamic) Balancing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19
Checking Incidence‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.20 3.5 ‑ Nacelles And Pylons (ATA 54)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19
Checking Fin Verticality‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.21 Nacelles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.19
Checking Engine Alignment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.21 Nose Cowl‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20
Symmetry Check‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.21 Cowling Doors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.23 Pylons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 2.24 Firewalls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.20
Engine Mounts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.21
SUB-MODULE 03 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.23
AIRFRAME STRUCTURES — AEROPLANES Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.24
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.1
3.1 ‑ Fuselage (ATA52/53/56)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 SUB-MODULE 04
Fuselage Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN
Pressurization Sealing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.2 PRESSURIZATION (ATA 21)
Fuselage Attachments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.1
Wings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 4.1 ‑ Air Supply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.2
Stabilizers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Air Supply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.2
Pylons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Bleed Air‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.2
Undercarriage ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 APU‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.3
Seat Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.3 Ground Cart‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.3
Cargo Loading System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.4 4.2 ‑ Air Conditioning Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4
Doors And Emergency Exits‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.4 Air Cycle Air Conditioning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4
Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.4 System Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4
Mechanisms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.5 Pneumatic System Supply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.4
Operation And Safety Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Component Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6
Windows And Windscreen Attachment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Pack Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6
Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3.6 Bleed Air Bypass‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6

xiv Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Primary Heat Exchanger‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6 Types Of Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.8

Refrigeration Turbine Unit or Air Cycle Machine Pressure Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.9
And Secondary Heat Exchanger‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.6 Engine Oil Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.9
Water Separator‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Manifold Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.9
Refrigeration Bypass Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.7 Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.10
Distribution Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.8 Fuel Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.10
Flow Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.9 Hydraulic Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.11
Temperature Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.11 Vacuum Pressure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.11
Humidity Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.11 Pressure Switches‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.12
Vapor Cycle Air Conditioning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.11 Pitot‑static Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.13
Theory Of Refrigeration‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.12 Pitot Tubes And Static Vents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.13
Basic Vapor Cycle‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.14 Air Data Computers (ADC) And
Vapor Cycle Air Conditioning System Components 4.15 Digital Air Data Computers (DADC)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.15
Refrigerant‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.15 Pitot‑static Pressure Sensing Flight Instruments‥ 5.16
Receiver Dryer‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.15 Altimeters and Altitude‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.17
Expansion Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.17 Vertical Speed Indicator‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.23
Evaporator‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.18 Airspeed Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.24
Compressor‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.19 Remote-Sensing And Indication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.26
Condenser‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.20 Synchro Type Remote‑Indicating Instruments‥‥ 5.27
Service Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.21 DC Selsyn Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.27
4.3 ‑ Pressurization‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.21 AC Synchro Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.28
Pressurization Theory‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.21 Remote Indicating Fuel And
Pressure Of The Atmosphere‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.21 Oil Pressure Gauges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.29
Temperature And Altitude‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.23 Mechanical Movement Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.30
Pressurization Terms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.24 Tachometers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.30
Pressurization Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.24 Mechanical Tachometers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.31
Pressurization Modes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.26 Electric Tachometers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.32
Cabin Pressure Controllers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.26 Synchroscope‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.33
Control Valve (Outflow Valve)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.27 Accelerometers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.33
Cabin Air Pressure Safety Valve Operation‥‥‥‥‥ 4.29 Stall Warning And Angle Of Attack (AOA)
Pressurization Indication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.29 Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.35
Pressurization Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.30 Temperature Measuring Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.37
Cabin Pressurization Troubleshooting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.30 Non-Electric Temperature Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.37
4.4 ‑ Safety And Warning Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.31 Electrical Temperature Measuring Indication‥‥‥ 5.38
Protection And Warning Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.31 Electrical Resistance Thermometer‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.38
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.33 Ratiometer Electrical Resistance Thermometers‥ 5.39
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4.34 Thermocouple Temperature Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.40
Turbine Gas Temperature Indicating Systems‥ 5.41
SUB-MODULE 05 Total Air Temperature Measurement‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.42
INSTRUMENTS/AVIONIC SYSTEMS Direction Indicating Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.43
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.1 Direct Indicating Magnetic Compass‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.44
Classifying Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Vertical Magnetic Compass‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.46
Flight Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.3 Remote Indicating Compass‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.47
Engine Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.4 Remote Indicating Slaved Gyro Compass
Navigation Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.4 (Flux Gate Compass)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.47
Classification By Operating Principles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.5 Solid State Magnetometers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.49
Pressure Measuring Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.5 Gyroscopic Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.49

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Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Sources Of Power For Gyroscopic Instruments‥‥ 5.49 Radar Beacon Transponder‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.80

Pressure Driven Gyroscopic Instrument Systems‥ 5.49 Transponder Tests And Inspections‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.82
Electrically-Driven Gyroscopic Instrument Systems 5.49 Altitude Encoders‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.84
Principles Of Gyroscopic Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.50 Collision Avoidance Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.84
Mechanical Gyros‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.50 Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS)‥ 5.84
Solid State Gyros And Related Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.51 ADS-B‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.86
Ring Laser Gyros (RLG)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.51 Radio Altimeter‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.88
Microelectromechanical Based Attitude And Weather Radar‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.88
Directional Systems (MEMS)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.53 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.92
Attitude Heading And Reference Systems‥‥‥‥‥ 5.53 Global Positioning System (GPS)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.94
Common Gyroscopic Instruments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.54 Wide Area Augmentation System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.96
Vacuum-Driven Attitude Gyros‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.54 Inertial Navigation System (INS) And
Electric Attitude Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.55 Inertial Reference System (IRS)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.96
Gyroscopic Direction Indicator Or Communication And Navigation
Directional Gyro (DG)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.55 Avionics Installations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.97
Turn Coordinators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.56 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.99
Turn-And-Slip Indicator‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.56 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.100
Glass Cockpit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.58
Avionics Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.58 SUB-MODULE 06
AutoFlight‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.58 ELECTRICAL POWER (ATA 24)
Basis For Autopilot Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.60 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.1
Autopilot Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.60 Battery‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2
Sensing Elements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.60 Primary Cell Batteries‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2
Computer and Amplifier‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.60 Secondary Cell Batteries‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.2
Output Elements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.60 Dry Charged (Flooded) Lead Acid Batteries‥ 6.3
Command Elements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.62 Valve‑Regulated (Sealed) Lead‑Acid Batteries
Feedback or Follow up Element‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.62 (VRLA) ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.3
Autopilot Functions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.63 Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.3
Yaw Dampening‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.64 Lithium‑Ion Batteries‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.4
Automatic Flight Control System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.64 Battery Installations And Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.5
Flight Director Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.64 AC Power Generation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.6
Communications‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.66 AC Alternators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.8
Very High Frequency (VHF) Radios‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.66 Alternator Drive‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.10
High Frequency Radios‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.67 AC Alternators Control Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.11
Selective Calling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.67 DC Power Generation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Satellite Communication Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.67 Functions of Generator Control Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Service Interphone System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.67 Voltage Regulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Navigation Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.68 Over voltage Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
VOR Navigation System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.68 Parallel Generator Operations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.71 Over Excitation Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.74 Differential Voltage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.14
Localizer‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.75 Reverse Current Sensing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.15
Glideslope‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.76 Generator Controls for High Output Generators‥‥‥ 6.15
Compass Locators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.76 Other Voltage Regulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.15
Marker Beacons‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.77 Carbon Pile Regulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.16
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.78 Three Unit Regulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.16
Area Navigation (RNAV)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5.80 Power Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.18

xvi Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Power Distribution On Small Multi‑Engine Aircraft‥ 6.18 SUB-MODULE 08

Power Distribution on Large Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.20 FIRE PROTECTION (ATA 26)
Split Bus Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.20 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.1
Parallel Bus Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.22 Requirements For Fire To Occur‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.2
Split Parallel Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.22 Classes Of Fires‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.2
Inverters, Transformers And Rectifiers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.24 Fire Zones‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.2
Inverters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.24 Fire Prevention‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.3
Rotary Inverters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.24 Fire Detection And Warning Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.3
Permanent Magnet Rotary Inverter‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.24 Requirements For Overheat And
Inductor Type Rotary Inverter‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.25 Fire Detection Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.3
Static Inverters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.26 Thermal Switch Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.4
Transformers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.29 Thermocouple Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.4
Current Transformers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.32 Continuous Loop Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.5
Transformer Losses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.32 Fenwal System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.5
Power in Transformers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.32 Kidde System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.5
Rectifiers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.33 Sensing Element‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.6
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.34 Combination Fire and Overheat Warning‥‥‥ 8.6
Transformer Rectifiers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.36 Temperature Trend Indication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.7
Circuit Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.36 System Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.7
Current Limiting Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.36 Fault Indication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.7
Fuses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.37 Dual Loop Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.7
Circuit Breakers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.37 Automatic Self Interrogation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.7
Emergency Power Generation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.37 Support Tube Mounted Sensing Elements‥‥‥ 8.7
Standby Power‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.38 Fire Detection Control Unit
External/Ground Power‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.38 (Fire Detection Card)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.8
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.41 Pressure Type Sensor Responder Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.8
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6.42 Pneumatic Continuous Loop Systems ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.8
Averaging Function‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.8
SUB-MODULE 07 Discrete Function‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.8
EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS (ATA 25) Smoke, Flame, And Carbon Monoxide
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.1 Detection Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.9
Emergency Equipment Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.2 Smoke Detectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.9
Seats, Harnesses, And Belts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.3 Light Refraction Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.10
Seats‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.3 Ionization Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.10
Seat Belts And Harnesses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.4 Flame Detectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.10
Cabin Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.4 Carbon Monoxide Detectors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.10
Equipment Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.4 Fire Extinguishing Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.11
Cabin Furnishing Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.5 Fire Extinguisher Agents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.11
Cabin Entertainment Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.5 Fixed Container Fire Extinguishing Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.12
Galley Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.5 Containers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.12
Cargo Handling And Retention Equipment‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.6 Discharge Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.13
Airstairs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.7 Pressure Indication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.14
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.9 Two Way Check Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.14
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 7.10 Discharge Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.14
Thermal Discharge Indicator (Red Disk)‥‥‥‥ 8.14
Normal Discharge Indicator (Yellow Disk )‥‥ 8.14
Fire Switch‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.14

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, xvii

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Fixed Fire Protection: Cargo Compartments‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.15 Yaw Damper‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.13

Cargo Compartment Classification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.15 Mach Trim‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.13
Cargo Compartment Fire Protection Rudder Limiter‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.13
And Warning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.16 Gust Lock Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.14
Smoke Detector Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.16 Balancing and Rigging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.14
Cargo Compartment Extinguishing System‥‥ 8.17 Static Balance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.14
Fixed Fire Protection: Lavatories‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.17 Dynamic Balance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.15
Lavatory Smoke Detector and Warning Systems‥ 8.17 Rebalancing Procedures‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.15
Lavatory Fire Extinguisher Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.18 Rebalancing Methods‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.16
Fire Detection System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.19 Aircraft Rigging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.17
Fire Detection System Troubleshooting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.20 Stall Protection And Warning Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.17
Fire Extinguisher System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.21 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.19
Container Pressure Check‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.21 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.20
Discharge Cartridges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.21
Agent Containers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.21 SUB-MODULE 10
Portable Fire Extinguishers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.22 FUEL SYSTEMS (ATA 28)
Cockpit and Cabin Interiors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.22 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.1
Portable Extinguisher Types‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.22 Fuel System Independence‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.2
Operation of Portable Fire Extinguishers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.23 Fuel System Lightning Protection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.2
Inspection of Portable Fire Extinguishers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.23 Fuel Flow‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
Maintenance of Portable Fire Extinguishers‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.23 Flow Between Interconnected Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.25 Unusable Fuel Supply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 8.26 Fuel System Hot Weather Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
Fuel Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
SUB-MODULE 09 Fuel Tank Tests‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.3
FLIGHT CONTROLS (ATA 27) Fuel Tank Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.1 Fuel Tank Expansion Space‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4
Primary Flight Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.2 Fuel Tank Sump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4
Secondary Flight Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.2 Fuel Tank Filler Connection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.4
Trim Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.2 Fuel Tank Vents‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Active Load Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.4 Fuel Tank Outlet‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
High Lift Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Pressure Fueling Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Lift Dump and Speed Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.5 Fuel Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Control System Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.6 Fuel System Lines And Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Mechanical Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.6 Other Fuel System Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Control Cables‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.7 Fuel Valves And Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.5
Push-Pull Tubes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.8 Fuel Strainer Or Filter‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.6
Bellcranks and Levers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.9 Aircraft Fuel System Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.6
Jackscrews‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.9 Fuel Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.6
Torque Tubes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.9 Integral Fuel Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.7
Hydromechanical Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.9 Bladder Fuel Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.9
Electrical and Electronic Controls‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.10 Fuel Supply Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.9
Pneumatic‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.11 Fuel Feed‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.9
Fly-By-Wire Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.11 Cross-Feed And Transfer Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.10
Fly-By-Optics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.12 Fuel Dumping, Venting And Draining‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.10
Fly-By-Wireless‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.12 Fuel System Drains‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.10
Artificial Feel‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9.12 Fuel Vent Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.10

xviii Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Fuel Jettisoning System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 0.12 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 0.39

Fuel System Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.13 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.40
Fuel Lines And Fittings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.13
Fuel Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.14 SUB-MODULE 11
Manually-Operated Gate Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.15 HYDRAULIC POWER (ATA 29)
Motor Operated Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.15 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.1
Solenoid-Operated Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.16 System Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.2
Fuel Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.16 Open‑Center Hydraulic Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.2
Centrifugal Boost Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.16 Closed‑Center Hydraulic Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.3
Ejector Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.18 Evolution Of Hydraulic Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4
Fuel Filters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.18 Hydraulic Power Pack System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4
Fuel Indication And Warnings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.20 Modern High Performance Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4
Fuel Quantity Indicating Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.20 Hydraulic Fluid‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.4
Ratiometer Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.20 Properties‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.5
Capacitance type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.21 Viscosity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.5
Mechanical Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.23 Chemical Stability‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Fuel Flowmeters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.23 Flash Point‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Fuel Temperature Gauges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.24 Fire Point‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Fuel Heaters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.24 Types Of Hydraulic Fluids‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Fuel Pressure Gauges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.25 Mineral-Based Fluids‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Pressure Warning Signal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.25 Polyalphaolefin-Based Fluids‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.6
Valve-In-Transit Indicator Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.26 Phosphate Ester-Based Fluid (Skydrol®)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.7
Refueling And Defueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.26 Intermixing Of Fluids‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.7
Fueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.27 Compatibility With Aircraft Materials‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.7
Over The Wing Refueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.27 Hydraulic Fluid Contamination‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.7
Pressure Refueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.28 Contamination Check‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.7
Defueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.28 Hydraulic Sampling Schedule‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.8
Fire Hazards When Fueling Or Defueling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.29 Sampling Procedure‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.8
Longitudinal Balance Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.29 Contamination Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.8
Fuel System Repair‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.30 Filters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9
Troubleshoot The Fuel System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.30 Hydraulic System Flushing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9
Location Of Leaks And Defects‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.30 Health And Handling‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9
Fuel Leak Classification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.30 Hydraulic Reservoirs And Accumulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9
Replacement Of Gaskets, Seals And Packings‥‥‥‥‥ 10.30 Reservoirs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.9
Fuel Tank Repair‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.31 Non-Pressurized Reservoirs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.10
Integral Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.31 Pressurized Reservoirs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.11
Bladder Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.31 Air-Pressurized Reservoirs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.11
Fire Safety‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.33 Fluid-Pressurized Reservoirs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.12
Fuel Servicing And Contamination‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.33 Reservoir Servicing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.13
Fuel And Fuel System Contaminants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.33 Accumulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14
Water‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.33 Types Of Accumulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14
Solid Particle Contaminants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.34 Spherical‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.14
Surfactants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.35 Cylindrical‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.15
Microorganisms‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.35 Maintenance of Accumulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16
Foreign Fuel Contamination‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.35 Hydraulic Pressure Generation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.16
Detection Of Contaminants‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.36 Mechanical, Electrical And Pneumatic-Driven Pumps 11.16
Fuel Contamination Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10.38 Hand Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.17

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, xix

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Classification Of Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.17 O-Rings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 1.38

Constant Displacement Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.18 O-Ring Color Coding‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.39
Gear Type Power Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.18 Backup Rings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.39
Gerotor Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.18 O-Ring Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.39
Piston Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.19 Gaskets‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.40
Bent Axis Piston Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.19 Wipers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.40
Inline Piston Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.20 Hydraulic Indicating And Warning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.40
Vane Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.20 Interface With Other Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.43
Variable Displacement Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.45
Basic Pumping Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.21 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.46
Normal Pumping Mode‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.22
Depressurized Mode‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.23 SUB-MODULE 12
Emergency Pressure Generation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.23 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION (ATA 30)
Ram Air Turbine (RAT)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.24 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.1
Hydraulic Motors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.24 Icing Effects‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.2
Power Transfer Units (PTUs)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.25 Ice Detection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.3
Hydraulic Motor Driven Generators (HMDGs)‥‥‥ 11.25 Anti‑Ice Versus De‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.5
Pressure Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.26 Anti‑Icing Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.5
Relief Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.26 Thermal Pneumatic Anti‑Icing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.5
Pressure Regulators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.27 Wing Anti‑Ice (WAI) System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.6
Pressure Reducers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.27 Slat Leading Edges‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.8
Power Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.28 WAI Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.8
Shutoff Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.28 WAI Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.8
Selector Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.28 WAI Indication System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.10
Check Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.30 WAI System BITE Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.11
Orifice Type Check Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.30 Engine Anti‑Ice (EAI)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.12
Sequence Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Thermal Electric Anti‑Icing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.13
Pressure Controlled Sequence Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Probe Anti‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.13
Mechanically Operated Sequence Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.31 Water System and Drain Anti‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.13
Priority Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.32 Windshield Anti‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.14
Shuttle Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.32 Propeller Anti‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.16
Quick Disconnect Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Chemical Anti‑Icing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.16
Hydraulic Fuses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Ground Applied Anti‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.17
Other Hydraulic System Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 De‑Icing Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.18
Hydraulic Actuators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.33 Pneumatic De‑Ice Boots‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.18
Linear Actuators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.34 Construction and Installation of De‑Ice Boots‥‥ 12.18
Rotary Actuators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.35 Sources of Operating Air‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.18
Filters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.35 Turbine Engine Bleed Air‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.19
Micron Type Filters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.36 Reciprocating Engine Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.19
Maintenance Of Filters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.36 De‑Ice Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.19
Filter Bypass Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.36 System Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.19
Filter Differential Pressure Indicators‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.36 De‑Ice System For Turboprop Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.20
Heat Exchangers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.37 Inspection, Maintenance, And Troubleshooting
Hydraulic Seals‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.37 Of Rubber De‑Icer Boot Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.23
Packings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.38 Operational Checks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.23
V-Rings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.38 Adjustments‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.23
U-Ring‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11.38 Troubleshooting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.23

xx Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.24 Air‑Ground Sensing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 3.22

De‑Ice Boot Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.24 Steering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.23
Electrical De‑Icing Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.25 Nose Wheel Steering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.23
Electric Propeller De‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.25 Steering Damper‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.25
Electric Airfoil De‑Ice Boots‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.26 Shimmy Dampers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.26
Hot Air De‑Ice/De‑Fog‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.26 Piston Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.26
Chemical De‑Ice Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.27 Vane Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.26
Windshield Chemical De‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.27 Non‑Hydraulic Shimmy Damper‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.27
Chemical Propeller De‑Ice‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.27 Landing Gear System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.27
Chemical Ground De‑Icing Of Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.27 Landing Gear Rigging And Adjustment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.27
Frost Removal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.27 Adjusting Landing Gear Latches‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.28
De‑Icing Fluid‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.28 Gear Door Clearances‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.29
Holdover Time (HOT)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.28 Drag And Side Brace Adjustment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.29
Critical Surfaces‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.28 Aircraft Wheels‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.30
Ice and Snow Removal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.30 Wheel Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.30
Rain Control Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.30 Inboard Wheel Half‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.31
Windshield Wiper Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.30 Outboard Wheel Half‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.32
Chemical Rain Repellent‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.30 Wheel Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.33
Windshield Surface Seal Coating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.32 On Aircraft Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.33
Pneumatic Rain Removal Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.32 Proper Installation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.33
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.35 Axle Nut Torque‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.33
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12.36 Off Aircraft Wheel Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.33
Loosening the Tire from the Wheel Rim‥‥‥‥ 13.34
SUB-MODULE 13 Disassembly of the Wheel‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.34
LANDING GEAR (ATA 32) Cleaning the Wheel Assembly‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.35
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.1 Inspection of the Wheel Halves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.35
Landing Gear Configurations‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.2 Wheel Tie Bolt Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.35
Tail Wheel Type Landing Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.2 Key and Key Screw Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.35
Tandem Landing Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.3 Fusible Plug Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.36
Tricycle Type Landing Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.4 Balance Weights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.36
Fixed And Retractable Landing Gear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.5 Wheel Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.36
Landing Gear Alignment And Support‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.7 Cleaning the Wheel Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.36
Alignment‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.7 Inspection of Wheel Bearings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.36
Shock Absorbing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.9 Bearing Handling And Lubrication‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.38
Shock Struts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.9 Aircraft Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.39
Shock Strut Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.13 Types And Construction Of Aircraft Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.40
Servicing Shock Struts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.14 Single Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.40
Bleeding Shock Struts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.16 Floating Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.40
Extension And Retraction Systems: Normal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.16 Fixed Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.41
Emergency Extension Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.18 Dual Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.43
Landing Gear Retraction Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.18 Multiple Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.43
Indications And Warning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.19 Segmented Rotor Disc Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.43
Landing Gear Safety Devices‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.19 Carbon Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.46
Ground Locks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.20 Expander Tube Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.47
Nose Wheel Centering‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.20 Brake Actuating Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.48
Safety Switches‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.20 Independent Master Cylinders‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.48
Proximity Sensors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.21 Boosted Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.51

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, xxi

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Power Brakes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 3.51 Bead‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 3.73

Brake Control Valve/ Brake Metering Valve‥‥ 13.52 Carcass Plies‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.73
Emergency Brake Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.54 Tread‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.74
Parking Brake‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.56 Sidewall‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.74
Brake Deboosters‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.56 Chine‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.74
Antiskid‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.57 Tire Inspection On The Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.75
System Operation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.57 Inflation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.75
Wheel Speed Sensors‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.58 Tread Condition‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.76
Control Units‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.59 Tread Depth and Wear Pattern‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.76
Antiskid Control Valves‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.61 Tread Damage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.77
Touch Down And Lock Wheel Protection‥‥‥‥‥ 13.61 Sidewall Condition‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.80
Antiskid System Tests‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Tire Removal‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.80
Ground Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Tire Inspection Off Aircraft‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.82
Inflight Test‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Tire Repair And Retreading‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.82
Antiskid System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Tire Storage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.83
Wheel Speed Sensor‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Aircraft Tubes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.83
Control Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.62 Tube Construction And Selection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.83
Control Unit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.63 Tube Storage And Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.83
Auto Braking‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.63 Tube Tire Inspection‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.84
Brake Inspection And Service‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.64 Tire Mounting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.84
On Aircraft Servicing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.64 Tubeless Tires‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.84
Lining Wear‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.64 Tube Type Tires‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.86
Air In The Brake System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.65 Tire Balancing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.86
Bleeding Master Cylinder Brake Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.65 Operation and Handling Tips‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.87
Bleeding Power Brake Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.67 Taxiing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.87
Fluid Quantity And Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.67 Braking And Pivoting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.88
Inspection For Leaks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.67 Landing Field And Hangar Floor Condition‥‥‥ 13.88
Proper Bolt Torque‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68 Takeoffs and Landings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.88
Off Aircraft Brake Servicing And Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68 Hydroplaning‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.88
Bolt And Threaded Connections‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.91
Discs‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.92
Automatic Adjuster Pins‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68
Torque Tube‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.68 SUB-MODULE 14
Brake Housing And Piston Condition‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.69 LIGHTS (ATA 33)
Seal Condition‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.69 Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.1
Replacement of Brake Linings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.69 Aircraft Lighting Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.2
Brake Malfunctions And Damage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.69 Exterior Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.2
Overheating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.69 Navigation/Position Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.2
Dragging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.70 Anti-Collision Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.2
Chattering Or Squealing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.70 Landing Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.3
Aircraft Tires And Tubes‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.70 Taxi Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.3
Tire Classification‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.70 Wing Ice Inspection Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.4
Types‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.70 Interior Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.4
Ply Rating‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.72 Flight Deck/Control Cabin Lighting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.5
Tube Type Or Tubeless‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.72 Passenger Cabin Lights‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.5
Bias Ply Or Radial‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.72 Cargo Compartment Lighting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.6
Tire Construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13.72 Emergency Lighting‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.6

xxii Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.7 Sources‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.3

Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14.8 Storage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.3
Charging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.4
SUB-MODULE 15 Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.4
OXYGEN (ATA 35) Supply Regulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.4
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.1 Emergency Back-Up Systems And Pneudraulics‥ 16.5
Oxygen And The Atmosphere‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.2 Nitrogen Bottles‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.5
Human Respiration And Circulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.2 Gear Emergency Extension Cable and Handle 16.5
Sources Of Oxygen‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.3 Dump Valve‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.5
Oxygen Storage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.4 Emergency Extension Sequence:‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.6
Gaseous Oxygen Tanks‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.4 High Pressure Pneumatic Power
Chemical or Solid Oxygen‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.5 System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.6
On board Oxygen Generating Systems (OBOGS)‥ 15.6 Medium Pressure Pneumatic Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.7
Liquid Oxygen‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.6 System Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.7
Oxygen Charging‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.6 Sources‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.7
Oxygen Systems And Supply Regulation‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.8 Storage‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.7
Continuous-Flow Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.8 Pressure Control‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.7
System Layout: Cabin (Continuous Flow)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.9 Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.8
Demand-Flow Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.11 Pressure and Vacuum Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.11
Diluter-Demand‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.12 Overview‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.11
Pressure Demand‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.13 Classification of Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.11
System Layout: Cockpit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.13 Types of Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.12
Chemical Oxygen Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.14 Vane Pump, Wet-Type and Dry-Type‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.12
Electronic Pulse Demand Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.15 Piston Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.12
LOX Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.15 Centrifugal Impeller Pump‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.13
Oxygen System Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.15 Turbine Engine Compressor‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.13
Oxygen Indication And Warnings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.16 Roots Type Blower‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.14
Oxygen System Maintenance‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.17 Vacuum Pumps‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.14
Leak Testing Gaseous Oxygen Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.17 Flight Deck Indications‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.14
Draining An Oxygen System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.18 Indications and Warnings‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.15
Purging An Oxygen System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.19 Interface With Other Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.16
Inspection Of Masks And Hoses‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.19 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.17
Replacement Of Tubing, Valves, And Fittings‥‥‥‥‥ 15.20 Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.18
Oxygen System Safety‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.20
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.21 SUB-MODULE 17
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15.22 WATER/WASTE (ATA 38)
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.1
SUB-MODULE 16 Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.2
PNEUMATIC/VACUUM (ATA 36) Supply‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.2
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.1 Distribution‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.2
Vacuum Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Servicing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.3
System Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Draining‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.4
Cockpit‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Toilet Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.4
Cabin‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Flushing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.5
Pneumatic Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.6
High Pressure Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Servicing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.6
System Layout‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16.2 Corrosion Aspects‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.6

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, xxiii

Structures and Systems
 CONTENTS

Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.9 SUB-MODULE 21

Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17.10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATA 46)
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.1
SUB-MODULE 18 Aircraft General Information Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.2
ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS The Airbus System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.2
(ATA 45) Network Server System (NSS)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.2
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.1 Secure Communication Interface‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.3
Central Maintenance Computers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.2 Central Data Acquisition Module (CDAM)‥ 21.3
BITE‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.4 Data Loading And Configuration Systems‥‥‥ 21.3
Data Loading Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.5 Flight Deck Information System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.3
Electronic Library System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.6 777 Electronic Flight Bag‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.3
Printing‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.6 Maintenance Information System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.4
Structure Monitoring‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.7 Passenger Cabin Information System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.4
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.9 Miscellaneous Information Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.5
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18.10 Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.7
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 21.8
SUB-MODULE 19
INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (ATA 42) Acronym Index‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ A.1
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.1 Index‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ I.1
Introduction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.2
Integration of Avionics‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.2
Digital Data Bus Use Reduces Wiring‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.3
Core System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.5
Common Core Systems Concepts‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.5
Core Processor Input/Output Module (CPIOM)‥ 19.5
Network Components‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.6
777 AIMS‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.6
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.11
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 19.12

SUB-MODULE 20
CABIN SYSTEMS (ATA 44)
Knowledge Requirements‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.1
Introduction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.2
Cabin Intercommunication Data System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.2
Cabin Network Service‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.2
Cabin Core System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.3
777 Cabin Services System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.3
InFlight Entertainment (IFE)‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.4
Simple IFE System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.5
IFE Server‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.5
External Communication System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.5
Cabin Mass Memory System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.6
Cabin Monitoring System‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.6
Miscellaneous Cabin Systems‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.7
Questions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.9
Answers‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 20.10

xxiv Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
11.1 ‑ THEORY OF FLIGHT

AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS AND gliders, homebuilt, and light sport aircraft. The weight
FLIGHT CONTROLS and strength advantages over traditional construction
The directional control of a fixed wing aircraft takes can be significant. A wide variety of materials and
place around the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes construction techniques are employed. Figure 1‑3 shows
by means of flight control surfaces designed to create examples of aircraft that use composite technology on
movement about these axes. These control devices are primary flight control surfaces. Note that the control
hinged or movable surfaces through which the attitude surfaces of fabric covered aircraft often have fabric
of an aircraft is controlled during takeoff, flight, and covered surfaces just as aluminum skinned (light)
landing. They are usually divided into two major aircraft typically have all aluminum control surfaces.
groups: 1) primary or main flight control surfaces and 2) There is a critical need for primary control surfaces to
secondary or auxiliary control surfaces. be balanced so they do not vibrate or flutter in the wind.

PRIMARY FLIGHT
Rudder—Yaw
CONTROL SURFACES
Elevator—Pitch Vertical Axis
The primary f light control surfaces on a fixed wing (Directional
Lateral Axis
aircraft include: ailerons, elevators, and the rudder. (Longitudinal
Stability)
Aileron—Roll
The ailerons are attached to the trailing edge of both Stability) Longitudinal
wings and when moved, rotate the aircraft around the Axis (Lateral
Stability)
longitudinal axis. The elevator is attached to the trailing
edge of the horizontal stabilizer. When it is moved,
it alters aircraft pitch, which is the attitude about the
horizontal or lateral axis. The rudder is hinged to the
trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer. When the rudder
changes position, the aircraft rotates about the vertical
axis (yaw). Figure 1‑1 shows the primary flight controls
of a light aircraft and the movement they create relative
to the three axes of flight.
Primary
Control Airplane Axes of Type of
Surface Movement Rotation Stability
Pr ima r y control su r faces a re usua l ly simi la r in
construction to one another and vary only in size, Aileron Roll Longitudinal Lateral

shape, and methods of attachment. On aluminum light Elevator/ Pitch Lateral Longitudinal
Stabilator
aircraft, their structure is often similar to an all metal
Rudder Yaw Vertical Directional
wing. This is appropriate because the primary control
surfaces are simply smaller aerodynamic devices. They Figure 1-1. Flight control surfaces move the
are typically made from an aluminum alloy structure aircraft around the three axes of flight.
built around a single spar member or torque tube
to which ribs are fitted and a skin is attached. The
lightweight ribs are, in many cases, stamped out from Aileron Hinge-pin Fitting
flat aluminum sheet stock. Holes in the ribs lighten the
assembly. An aluminum skin is attached with rivets. Actuating Horn
Figure 1‑2 illustrates this type of structure, which can
be found on the primary control surfaces of light aircraft
as well as on medium and heavy aircraft.

Primary control surfaces constructed from composite

Spar Lightning Hole
materials are also commonly used. These are found on
many heavy and high performance aircraft, as well as Figure 1-2. Typical structure of an aluminum flight control surface.

1.2 Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
 aircraft to roll. Ailerons are usually located on the
outboard trailing edge of each of the wings. They are

THEORY OF FLIGHT
built into the wing and are calculated as part of the
wing's surface area. Figure 1‑5 shows aileron locations
on various wing tip designs.

Ailerons are controlled by a side to side motion of the

control stick in the cockpit or a rotation of the control
yoke. When the aileron on one wing def lects down,
the aileron on the opposite wing deflects upward. This
amplif ies the movement of the aircraft around the
longitudinal axis. On the wing on which the aileron
trailing edge moves downward, camber is increased
and lift is increased. Conversely, on the other wing, the
raised aileron decreases lift. (Figure 1‑6) The result is a
sensitive response to the control input to roll the aircraft.

The pilot's request for aileron movement and roll are

transmitted from the cockpit to the actual control
surface in a variety of ways depending on the aircraft.
A system of control cables and pulleys, push pull tubes,
hydraulics, electric, or a combination of these can be
employed. (Figure 1‑7)

Figure 1-3. Composite control surfaces and some

of the many aircraft that utilize them.

Performed to manufacturer's instructions, balancing Figure 1-4. Aileron hinge locations are very close to but
usually consists of assuring that the center of gravity of aft of the center of gravity to prevent flutter.
a particular device is at or forward of the hinge point.
Failure to properly balance a control surface could lead
to catastrophic failure. Figure 1‑4 illustrates several
aileron configurations with their hinge points well aft of
the leading edge. This is a common design feature used
to prevent flutter.

OPERATION AND EFFECT OF ROLL

CONTROL DEVICES

AILERONS
Ailerons are the primary f light control surfaces that
move the aircraft about the longitudinal axis. In other
words, movement of the ailerons in f light causes the Figure 1-5. Aileron location on various wings.

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, 1.3

Structures and Systems
 Up Aileron Simple, light aircraft usually do not have hydraulic or
electric fly by wire aileron control. These are found on
Down Aileron heavy and high performance aircraft. Large aircraft and
some high performance aircraft may also have a second
set of ailerons located inboard on the trailing edge of the
wings. These are part of a complex system of primary
and secondary control surfaces used to provide lateral
control and stability in flight. At low speeds, the ailerons
may be augmented by the use of flaps and spoilers. At
high speeds, only inboard aileron deflection is required
Figure 1-6. Differential aileron control movement. When one aileron is
to roll the aircraft while the other control surfaces are
moved down, the aileron on the opposite wing is deflected upward.
locked out or remain stationary. Figure 1‑8 illustrates
the location of the typical flight control surfaces found
Stop
on a transport category aircraft.

Elevator Cables
SPOILERS
A spoiler is a device found on the upper surface of many
heavy and high performance aircraft. It is stowed flush
to the wing's upper surface. When deployed, it raises up
Tether Stop into the airstream and disrupts the laminar airflow of
the wing, thus reducing lift.
Stop

Spoilers are made with similar construction materials

and techniques as the other flight control surfaces on
To Ailerons the aircraft. Often, they are honeycomb core flat panels.
Note Pivots Not On Center Of Shaft At low speeds, spoilers are rigged to operate when the
ailerons operate to assist with the lateral movement and
Figure 1-7. Transferring control surface inputs from the cockpit.

Stabilizer
Elevator
Inboard Aileron Tab Elevator Tab
Inboard Aileron
Upper Rudder
Anti-Servo Tabs
Lower Rudder
Ground Spoilers
Inboard Flap
Flight Spoilers
Outboard Flap
Balance Tab
Outboard Aileron

Leading Edge Flaps (Extended) Leading Edge Slats (Extended)

Figure 1-8. Typical flight control surfaces on a transport category aircraft.

1.4 Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems
stability of the aircraft. On the wing where the aileron to minimize drag when trimming the aircraft in flight.
is moved up, the spoilers also raise thus amplifying the Deflection of the elevator via the use of a trim tab causes

THEORY OF FLIGHT
reduction of lift on that wing. (Figure 1‑9) drag and requires a relatively large elevator on large
aircraft to achieve all desired trim settings. By varying
On the wing with downward aileron def lection, the the angle of the horizontal stabilizer to adjust pitch, less
spoilers remain stowed. As the speed of the aircraft drag is created and elevator size and deflection may be
increases, the ailerons become more effective and the reduced. (Figure 1‑11)
spoiler interconnect disengages. Note that spoilers are
also used in as drag inducing devices. CANARDS
A canard utilizes the concept of two lifting surfaces. It
OPERATION AND EFFECT OF PITCH functions as a horizontal stabilizer located in front of the
CONTROL DEVICES main wings. In effect, the canard is an airfoil similar to
the horizontal surface on a conventional aft tail design.
ELEVATORS The difference is that the canard actually creates lift and
The elevator is the primary flight control surface that
moves the aircraft around the horizontal or lateral
axis. This causes the nose of the aircraft to pitch up or
down. The elevator is hinged to the trailing edge of the
horizontal stabilizer and typically spans most or all of
its width. It is controlled in the cockpit by pushing or
pulling the control yoke forward or aft.

Light aircraft use a system of control cables and pulleys

or push pull tubes to transfer cockpit inputs to the
movement of the elevator. High performance and
large aircraft typically employ more complex systems.
Hydraulic power is commonly used to move the elevator
on these aircraft. On aircraft equipped with fly by wire
controls, a combination of electrical and hydraulic power
is used.

STABILATORS
A movable horizontal tail section, called a stabilator, is Figure 1-9. Spoilers deployed upon landing a transport category aircraft.
a control surface that combines the action of both the
horizontal stabilizer and the elevator. (Figure 1‑10)
Basically, a stabilator is a horizontal stabilizer that can
also be rotated about the horizontal axis to affect the
pitch of the aircraft.

VARIABLE INCIDENCE STABILIZERS

A variable incidence stabilizer refers to any horizontal
stabilizer in which the angle of incidence of the
horizontal stabilizer is adjustable. Thus, a stabilator
is a variable incidence horizontal stabilizer. Various
mechanisms and operating rigging are available. Most
large aircraft use a motorized jackscrew to alter the
position of the stabilizer often energized by the trim tab
switch on the control yoke. The reason for a stabilator
or any horizontal stabilizer variable incidence device is Figure 1-10. A stabilizer and index marks on a transport category aircraft.

Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic, 1.5

Structures and Systems
 Variable Incidence

Nose Down

Nose Up Jackscrew

Pivot

Trim Motor or Trim Cable

Figure 1-11. Some airplanes, including most jet transports, use

an variable stabilizer to provide the required pitch trim forces.
Figure 1-12. The Piaggio P180 includes a variable-sweep canard
holds the nose up, as opposed to the aft tail design which design, which provides longitudinal stability about the lateral axis.
exerts downward force on the tail to prevent the nose
from rotating downward. (Figure 1‑12) As with the other primary flight controls, the transfer
of the movement of the cockpit controls to the rudder
The canard design dates back to the pioneer days varies with the complexity of the aircraft. Many aircraft
of aviation, most notably used on the Wright Flyer. incorporate the directional movement of the nose or
Recently, the canard conf iguration has regained tail wheel into the rudder control system for ground
popularity and is appearing on newer aircraft. Canard operation. This allows the operator to steer the aircraft
designs include two types, one with a horizontal surface with the rudder pedals during taxi when the airspeed is
of about the same size as a normal aft tail design, and not high enough for the control surfaces to be effective.
the other with a surface of the same approximate size Some large aircraft have a split rudder arrangement.
and airfoil shape of the aft mounted wing known as a This is actually two rudders, one above the other. At
tandem wing configuration. Theoretically, the canard is low speeds, both rudders deflect in the same direction
considered more efficient because using the horizontal when the pedals are pushed. At higher speeds, one of
surface to help lift the weight of the aircraft should the rudders becomes inoperative as the deflection of a
result in less drag for a given amount of lift. single rudder is aerodynamically sufficient to maneuver
the aircraft.
OPERATION AND EFFECT OF YAW
CONTROL DEVICES RUDDER LIMITERS
In flight, most large aircraft oscillate slightly from side
RUDDERS to side. Yaw dampener units automatically detect this
The rudder is the primary control surface that causes movement and send signals to the hydraulic power
an aircraft to yaw or move about the vertical axis. This control unit (PCU) that moves the rudder so that it can
provides directional control and thus points the nose of correct for these yaw oscillations. Similarly, rudders are
the aircraft in the direction desired. Most aircraft have a known to deflect without being commanded to do so by
single rudder hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical the flight crew. Again, the yaw dampener is designed to
stabilizer. It is controlled by a pair of foot operated correct the fluctuations by signaling the PCU. However,
rudder pedals in the cockpit. When the right pedal is too large of an involuntary deflection to a rudder can
pushed forward, it deflects the rudder to the right which cause a loss of control of the aircraft.
moves the nose of the aircraft to the right. The left pedal
is rigged to simultaneously move aft. When the left A rudder limiter is fitted to many aircraft to prevent any
pedal is pushed forward, the nose of the aircraft moves more than a few degrees of involuntary motion of the
to the left. rudder. Essentially, it limits the movement unless it is
commanded from the flight deck.

1.6 Module 11A B1 - Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamic,

Structures and Systems