EDUC 13 – TECHNOLOGY TEACHING AND LEARNING 1
Understanding the Basic Concepts Related to Technology
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
● Understanding the basic concepts related to technology for teaching and learning
● Use concepts and terms in communicating with peers
Abstraction
The following terms and concepts are related to technology that you need to digest.
1. Technology refers to methods, processes, and devices used for practical purposes. It
includes instruments from pencil and paper to modern electronic gadgets and tools for
the practical task.
2. Information and Communication Technology and Literacy or ICT Literacy is the
use of digital technology, communication tools and networks to access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information (Guro 21, 2011).
3. Educational Technology refers to the utilization of technology in teaching and learning,
which includes both the non-digital (flip charts, pictures, models, realia, etc.). And digital
(electronic tools: hardware, software, and connections, etc.).
4. Digital Literacy refers to the ability to discover, assess, utilize, share, and generate
content with the use of information technologies and the internet (Cornell University).
5. Digital Learning is an instructional practice that utilizes technology to reinforce
student’s learning experience. It covers the use of a broad spectrum of processes that
comprises blended or virtual learning. It can come as online or off-line, which utilizes
digital technology.
6. Online Digital Tools and Apps use an Internet connection to access the information
needed, like Skype. It is a telecommunication application software product that focuses
on providing video chat and video calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices via
the Internet and to regular telephones.
7. Off-line Digital Tools and Apps can still be used even if there is no internet access.
Among these are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone, iBooks, KA LITE (Gupta,
Prinyaka, 2017).
8. Instructional Technology refers to the theory and practice of design, development,
utilization, management, and evaluation of the processes and resources for learning
(Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Seels, B.B. &Richey,
P.C. 1994).
9. Software refers to program control instructions and accompanying documentation
stored on disks or tapes when not being used in the computer. By extension, the term
refers to audiovisual materials (Smaldino, 2005).
10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of media formats in a
given presentation or self-study program (Smaldino, 2005).
11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects
millions of computers globally, forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they are connected to the internet. It is
generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers
(http://www.webopedia.com).
12. World Wide Web (www) is also called a Web, which is a graphical environment on
computer networks that allows you to access, view, and maintain documentation that
can include text, data, sound, and videos (Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of accessing
information over the medium of the internet. It is an information-sharing model that is
built on top of the Internet.
13. Web Access is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any point during the
lesson to take advantage of the array of available educational resources.
14. Web quest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all information that
learners work with comes from the web. These can be created using various programs
including simple word processing documents that include links to websites.
15. Productivity Tools refers to any type of software associated with computers and related
technologies that can be used as tools for personal, professional, or classroom
productivity.
Examples: Microsoft Office, Apple Works – word processing, grade and record-keeping,
web page production, presentation) (KFIT-Unesco 2016).
16. Technology Tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that helps
you accomplish your goal with the use of technology. These technology tools can be
classified as:
a. Data/Calculation Tools. Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads,
probability constructor
b. Design Tools. These are used to make models and design, creating, and
building. Included here are Family Tree Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy Machines,
among others.
c. Discussion Tools. Four different approaches utilize discussion and interaction
on the Internet. These are threaded discussion forum, Blogging, Live chat, and
Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette, and Safety on the Net.
d. Email Tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages,
photographs, videos, and other files. It allows you to reach out to others around
the world. Examples are google mail, Ymail, Yahoo mail, and many more.
e. Handheld Devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners.
These include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS) and
Geographic Information system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic
keyboards, Digital cameras, Mobile phones, Palm, Handheld computers.
17. Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students is
arranged. There are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication, blogs used for
instruction, and blogs used for both (Ferriter & Garry, 2010).
18. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to collaboratively
create and post written work or digital files, such as digital photos or videos. Wikipedia is
one of the most widely recognized of all the wikis (Watters, 2011).
19. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is
required to use the web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial
instruction of the lesson, which will be discussed during class time.
20. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the format of
the radio talk show. The two essential functions of a podcast are to retrieve information
to disseminate information (Eash, 2006).
21. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and is
available for students both at home and in school. It includes the Gmail, a free-mail for
all; Google calendar – a tool used for organizational purposes; Google sites that provide
options for developing blogs and wikis; and Google docs are used for sophisticated word
processing and editing for the document.
22. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text.
23. Facebook is a popular social networking site used by students and adults worldwide to
present information on themselves and the world.
24. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that enables
people to use the Internet as a transmission medium for telephone calls by sending
voice data in packets using IP rather than traditional circuit transmission.
Application
Activity 1. Make a wordlist of terms of at least 10 ICT terms with definitions or descriptions
which is not included in the list above. Write in your references (APA Format) to the sources of
your explanation.
● ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - The general theory of artificial intelligence includes the
study of neural-like elements and multidimensional neural-like growing networks,
temporary and long term memory, study of the functional organization of the “brain” of
the artificial intelligent systems, of the sensor system, modulating system, motor system,
conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, reflexes arc (ring), motivation, purposeful
behavior, of “thinking”, “consciousness”, “subconscious and artificial personality
developed as a result of training and education”.
Published in: 2014 Science and Information Conference
Date of Conference: 27-29 Aug. 2014
● INTERNET OF THINGS - The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects
—"things"—embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and
exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. According to
Greengard, the Internet of Things (IoT) is still in its infancy. Smart phones, cloud
computing, RFID (radio-frequency identification) technology, sensors, and downsizing
are all coming together to enable a new era of embedded and immersive technology.
Greengard traces the IoT's origins back to the early days of personal computers and the
Internet, looking at how it establishes the conceptual and practical framework for a linked
world. He looks at the industrial Internet and machine-to-machine communication, which
are the foundation for smart manufacturing and end-to-end supply chain visibility; the
growing array of smart consumer devices and services—from Fitbit fitness wristbands to
mobile banking apps; the practical and technical challenges of building the IoT; and the
risks of a connected world, such as a growing digital divide.
GREENGARD, S. (2015). The internet of things.
● QR i.e. "Quick Response" code is a 2D matrix code that is designed by keeping two
points under consideration, i.e. it must store large amount of data as compared to 1D
barcodes and it must be decoded at high speed using any handheld device like phones.
QR code provides high data storage capacity, fast scanning, omnidirectional readability,
and many other advantages including, error-correction (so that damaged code can also
be read successfully) and different type of versions. Different varieties of QR code
symbols like logo QR code, encrypted QR code, iQR Code are also available so that
user can choose among them according to their need. Nowadays, a QR code is applied
in different application streams related to marketing, security, academics etc. and gain
popularity at a really high pace. Day by day more people are getting aware of this
technology and use it accordingly. The popularity of QR code grows rapidly with the
growth of smartphone users and thus the QR code is rapidly arriving at high levels of
acceptance worldwide.
Published in: 2016 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
Date of Conference: 22-24 Dec. 2016
● Cloud computing - a relatively new business model in the computing world. According
to the official NIST definition, "cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction." The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (NIST Special Publication 800-
145).
● e-Learning - structured course or learning experience delivered electronically; it can
also include performance support content. ... E-learning courses are typically managed
and administered via a learning management system (LMS) - AJAYI, O. O. (2009). E-
learning: A Shorter, Safer, and Surer Route to Reaching the Education For All
Destination. Journal of Science and TechnicalEducation (JSTE), Akungba. ISSN: 978-
978- 49161-9-6, Vol.1, No.1, pgs. 138-14
● An assistive technology service is any service that directly assists a child with a
disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device." -
According to IDEA 2004
● Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) can be defined as the independent, computer-
driven transcription of language into readable text in real time ( Stuckless,1994)
● Email: Contraction of Electronic Mail. A system for creating, sending and receiving
messages via the Internet. In order to send and receive email messages you have to
register with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that provides an email service and have
email software such as Outlook or Eudora installed on your computer. Many ISPs also
offer a Webmail facility, which provides an alternative means of creating, sending and
receiving email messages using your Web Browser. See Section 14, Module 1.5,
headed Computer Mediated Communication (CMC).
● Adware is software that may have been installed on your computer by a remote computer, i.e. via
the Web. Many free utilities that you download from the Internet will install hidden software that
sends details of the websites you visit and other information from your computer (which can
include your email address) to advertisers so they can target you with popup ads and spam. See
http://www.camsoftpartners.co.uk/bugs.htm, where tools for removing adware and spyware are
described. See Spam, Spyware.
● AJAX: Acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a Web programming tool (or
rather a set of tools) that makes it possible to create interactive Web applications that work in
much the same way as computer applications on your computer's hard disc, i.e. more responsive,
more spontaneous, so that when you click on something on the Web page there is very little time
delay - as in your word-processor, for example. While you are browsing a Web page AJAX is
working behind the scenes. AJAX allows your browser to fetch data from the Web and use it to
update a fragment of the page without refreshing the whole page so that you don't have to wait for
the whole Web page to refresh or reload each time you click on a button or initiate an action in
some other way. This increases the Web page's interactivity, speed, functionality, and usability.
Google Maps is a typical example of a Web application incorporating AJAX. Scroll around the
map and watch it update itself with relatively little time delay. AJAX is a programming tool that
is used extensively in what are known as Web 2.0 applications. See Section 2.1, Module 1.5,
headed What is Web 2.0?
Activity 2. Identify three (3) concepts that you learned in this lesson. Write your own ideas of
each concept you mentioned.
● These are a well-organized set of tools for working on communication and information-
These tools made our lives easier, they helped us in everyday work, in our assignments
and our jobs.
● Components of integrated device and tool setups activities and procedures that make it
possible to acquire data processed, saved, and distributed to others
● Publishing, course delivery, and transaction processing are examples of tools and
equipment used for specific purposes.
