Eng.

Mohamed Ameen Abdel Ghani

Senior Reservoir Engineer (GPC)

Introduction to
Field Development Planning
AGENDA
• Need for A Plan
• Field Development Planning (FDP)
• Examples for FDP Activities: Field Potential Evaluation
• Case Study: Askar Field
• What if we Don’t Plan efficiently ??
Need for A Plan
• A hydrocarbon reservoir has a
distinctive lifecycle. The stages of
“life” for the reservoir require
different skills sets, plans, and data.
• Exploration & Appraisal stage
• Development and Early Exploitation
stage
• Maturity and pre-Abandonment stage
Need for A Plan
• Exploration and Appraisal Stage EXPLORATION PLAN

Basin Analysis

Depositional Environment

Structural Analysis

Seismic Studies
Exploration Drilling
Appraisal wells
Speculative Potential Estimation

Management Endorsements
Need for A Plan
• Development and Early DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Exploitation Stage
Development & Depletion Strategy

Environmental Considerations

Data Acquisition & Analysis

Geological & Numerical Model studies

Production & Reserves forecasts

Facilities Requirements

Economic Optimization

Management Approvals
Need for A Plan
• Maturity and pre-Abandonment EXPLOITATION PLAN
Stage
Dynamic Depletion Strategy

Reservoir interrogation

Data Acquisition & Analysis

Model revisions & Revised forecasts

Depletion strategy alternatives

Economic Optimization

Management Approvals
Field Development Planning (FDP)
• The most important aspect of reservoir management deals with the
strategies for depleting the reservoir to recover petroleum by primary
and applicable secondary recovery methods.
• The strategy will depend on the reservoir’s life stage.
• In the case of a new discovery, we need to address the question of
how to best develop the field (i.e., well spacing, number of wells,
recovery schemes, primary and subsequently secondary
methodologies).
• If the reservoir is well into primary depletion, secondary schemes
need to be evaluated and prepared for.
Examples for FDP Activities Plan, Justify,
Prioritize

• Data Acquisition and Analysis Before Collect During

• Reservoir Management starting Production and Analyze
from a development plan, Production
implementing the plan, Validate and Store
monitoring and evaluating the In Database
performance of the reservoir
requires knowledge of the Seismic Well Test
reservoir that should be gained Geologic Production
through an integrated data
acquisition and analysis program. Logging Injection
Data analyses require a great Coring Special
deal of effort, scrutiny and
innovation. Fluids
Well Test
Examples for FDP Activities:
Data Acquisition and Analysis
• PVT application in designing (FDP)
• There are several application for PVT in designing the FDP:
• Reservoir fluid typing
• Field Potential Evaluation
• Expected Production Performance.
• Recovery Strategy; Primary, Secondary and EOR.
• Well lifting and Production Facilities Design.
• Flow Assurance and HSE
Examples for FDP Activities:
Data Acquisition and Analysis
• APPLICATIONS FOR CORE ANALYSIS DATA
1. FACIES DISTRIBUTION MODELLING
2. PRODUCTION PREDICTION
3. RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION TARGETTED BY EOR.
4. SAND CONTROL
5. ROCK TYPING / SATURATION HEIGHT MODELING
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation
• After Data Acquisition, The first step in our plan for an oil/gas field is
to evaluate its potential in terms of:
• OOIP / OGIP
• Volumetric method
• Reservoir Simulation (MBE / Numerical Simulation)
• Well Test (Reservoir Limit Test)
• Expected Reserve in every recovery phase (Primary / Secondary / EOR)
• Volumetric method / Assumed Recovery factor
• Decline Curve Analysis (DCA)
• Reservoir Simulation (MBE / Numerical Simulation)
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation:
• The first step in potential evaluation is to calculate the hydrocarbon
volume (OOIP/OGIP) volumetrically by the following equation:

PVT
Property
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation:

Our Assumption 

The Correct Value 

Difference= 13 mm$
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation:
• It worth mentioning that in our
reporting OOIP/OGIP, we are
reporting at least 3 values
(min/max/most likely) as we have
uncertainty in factors used in
calculations.
• This technique is called the
stochastic method.
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation: Monte Carlo Simulation
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation: Reserve
Estimation
• Reserve is the recoverable percentage of
OOIP / OGIP so actually we are very care
about its calculation.
• Reserve (Volumetric) = OOIP / OGIP x RF
• Reserve (DCA / Simulation) = Cum Prod at
the life end of reservoir.
Examples for FDP Activities
• Field Potential Evaluation: Reserve
Estimation by DCA
• Reserve (DCA / Simulation) = Cum Prod at
the life end of reservoir.
Examples for FDP Activities
Reserve: OHIP
x RF

• Integrated Workflow for Field

Potential Evaluation:
Perform DCA
• In some cases, we need higher OHIP for single well
Volumetrically to determine
accuracy in the expected production reserve/well
performance so we use simulation
provided by MBE or Numerical
simulation.

No. wells=
Validate by Total Reserve
simulation / (reserve per
well)
Examples for FDP Activities
• Economic Evaluation
• We want to remember that our main objective “NOT TO PRODUCE MUCH” but
“TO GET HIGHER NET CASH”.
• So We need to include the required cost and the gained profit in analysis to know if
it is a profitable project or not.

CASH IN CASH OUT

NET CASH FLOW = -
(OIL/GAS PROFIT) (OPEX + CAPEX)
Examples for FDP Activities
• Economic Evaluation: Typical cash flow diagram
Actual Case: Askar Field
• Given:
• OOIP: 100 MMSTB
• Drive Mechanism: Depletion (RF 20%)
• Assuming Annual Production Decline Rate: 15%
• Facilities installation Cost: 100 $mm
• Well Cost: 5 $MM/Well
• OPEX: 20 $/bbl
• Oil Price: 100 $/bbl
• Kindly estimate required number of wells
and Project feasibility assuming no
secondary or EOR will be applied
What if we Don’t Plan Well ??

“Actual Cases”
 Very Important Quote in
Reservoir Engineering!!!
“If you considered all the design parameters except one
parameter, Be sure that this parameter will be your
nightmare in the future…..”
Miss Fluid Typing …
• An international company discovered a large gas field
in Egypt
• The reservoir was interpreted as gas condensate
reservoir.
• The great company constructed a large gas
processing stations with the usual high cost for this
kind of facilities (~= 2 Billion $).
• After more drilling activities, the company discovered
that it is a volatile oil reservoir and it was
misinterpreted as a gas condensate due to some
incorrect practices in sampling and fluid identifying.
• It was a great loss for this company
Heavy Oil Dilemma …
• A big exploration and production company discovered an
offshore heavy oil field.
• Fluid samples were acquired and the lab experiments
indicated high viscosity.
• The pipline design indicated that we should have a large
diameter sea production line or applying heating/insulating
the pipeline.
• The design was ignored and the pipeline was constructed
with small diameter due to the high cost of design options.
• The pipeline couldn’t handle the targeted production rate
and the project was running under its economic limit.
Blind Drilling…
• If The company wants to drill anew well and Oil Well Dry Well
the integration of log and core data indicated
that the reservoir depositional environment is
sand channel.
• So, the optimum location is drill or target the
highest sand interval in the middle of the
sand channel.
• Ignoring of such data can lead that sand
channel is missed and the well will dry as it
will hit the shaley channel side
Sand Ocean….
• SAND CONTROL
• The UCS is entered in an equation to
estimate the critical flowing bottom
hole pressure for sand production

Core
Measurements
Reservoir Management Cycle

Classification Primary Secondary Tertiary

Process Natural energy Energy augmentation Mechanism alteration

Well management Horizontal / Multi-lateral Process improvement

Reservoir well. New technology
management Flood management Productivity improvement
Optimization Facilities modification Multi-phase pumps Modification facilities
approaches Cost containment Down hole oil separation
Price rise Modification facilities
Productivity Productivity improvement
improvement
The Only Conclusion is …
LISTEN TO YOUR RESERVOIR …