FAMILIARIZATION WITH THE EQUIPMENT WITH THE EQUIPMENT IN BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY.

Glass ware used for measurement:

1. Erlenmeyer Flask
- Erlenmeyer flasks are used to
contain liquids and for mixing,
heating, cooling, incubation,
filtration, storage, and other liquid-
handling processes. Their slanted
sides and narrow necks allow the
contents to be mixed by swirling
without the risk of spills, which is
useful for titrations and for boiling
liquids.

2. Beaker
- Beakers are useful as a reaction
container or to hold liquid or solid
samples. They are also used to catch
liquids from titrations and filtrates
from filtering operations. Laboratory
Burners are sources of heat.

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3. Test Tube
- Test tubes are often used to conduct
live experiments as well, including
the growth and testing of microbes
(microscopic organisms) such as
bacteria and small fungi. Also, test
tubes may be used to collect
biological samples, including blood,
saliva, and urine.

4. Vial with cap

- Vial caps play a crucial role
in guarding the sample from spills,
contamination and evaporation.
Ideally, caps should form an airtight
seal and be inert. Caps may come
with a silicone or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
septum, which creates a tight seal.

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 5. Volumetric Flask
- Volumetric flasks are used
for accurate dilutions and
preparation of solutions and any
other liquids needed at the
laboratory workflow.

6. Graduated Cylinder
-  Graduated cylinder is used
for measuring volumes (amounts) of
liquids. This piece of equipment is
used routinely, although it is only
moderately accurate compared to
other tools, such as volumetric
flasks. Volumetric flasks are used
when absolute precision (accuracy)
is needed.

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 7. Pipettes
- Pipettes are generally used for
moving small amounts of liquid or
when measuring and dispensing
liquid in mL units. When measuring
less than 1 mL, Micropipettes are
more accurate and user-friendly.

 Graduated Pipettes
- They can accurately measure
volumes of liquids larger than
micropipettes can handle.
 Volumetric Pipettes
- used to transfer that volume of
liquid for use in creating a solution
or dilution.
 Pasteur Pipettes
- To transfer small quantities of
liquids

8. Burette
- A burette is used to deliver solution
in precisely-measured, variable
volumes.

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 -

Equipment often used in titrations:

9. Ring Stand
- Ring stands are used to hold
glassware in place during an
experimental procedure. 

10. Burette Clamp

-  A burette clamp is chemical or
biological laboratory equipment. It is
used for firmly holding test-tubes,
burettes and other glassware in
place when performing experiments
such as titration.

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 11. Utility Clamp
- Utility clamps support your flasks,
beakers, and burettes. They stabilize
your sample containers, preventing
possible breakage and sample loss. 

Miscellaneous

12. Funnel
- It is used to channel liquid or fine-
grained substances into containers
with a small opening.

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 13. Watch Glass
- Watch glasses are circular, slightly-
concave pieces of glass that are used
by chemists to evaporate liquids and
cover beakers during sample
preparation. They are also used to
hold solids during weighing.

14. Crucible Tong

- Crucible tong function is widely
found in a science laboratory
equipment or industrial equipment
to handle a hot crucible, evaporating
dishes, flasks, small beakers or other
items which have a high
temperature or contain potentially
dangerous materials which cannot
be touched with bare hands.

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 15. Glass Stir Bar
- A stir bar mixing a solution on a
combined hot-plate magnetic-stirrer
device; the left knob controls the
stirring rate and the right knob
controls heating.

16. Magnetic Stir Bar

- A magnetic stirrer is a device widely
used in laboratories and consists of
a rotating magnet or a stationary
electromagnet that creates a
rotating magnetic field. This device
is used to make a stir bar, immerse
in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring or
mixing a solution, for example.

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 17. Disposable Pipette
-  used to transfer small volumes of
liquids. They consist of a long,
slender tube and a molded bulb
which can be gently compressed and
relaxed to remove or dispense a
desired liquid.

18. Wash Bottle

- A wash bottle is a squeeze bottle
with a nozzle, used to rinse various
pieces of laboratory glassware, such
as test tubes and round bottom
flasks. To clean laboratory glassware
and other equipment. They are filled
with appropriate cleaning liquids,
and poured over the tool that needs
to be cleaned.

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 19. Pipette Bulb
-  used to create a vacuum or apply
pressure to the liquid contents of
serological, volumetric, or transfer
pipets to collect, transfer, and
dispense liquids

20. Safety Goggles

- Goggles may be used to protect the
eye against particles, chemicals,
water, glare and from things striking
the eyes.

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 21. Centrifuge
-  Centrifuges are used in various
laboratories to separate fluids,
gases, or liquids based on density.

22. Bunsen Burner

- used to heat substances, to combust
substances, and to sterilize objects
on high heat. Many different types
of gases can be used in a burner
such as methane, butane, propane,
or a mixture of them.

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 23. Desiccator
-   A common use for desiccators is to
protect chemicals which are
hygroscopic or which react with
water from humidity.

24. Syringe
- A small hollow tube used
for injecting or withdrawing liquids.
It may be attached to a needle in
order to withdraw fluid from the
body or inject drugs into the body.

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 25. Tuning Fork
- used to assess vibratory sensation
and hearing (air conduction and
bone conduction).

26. Stethoscope
- A stethoscope can be used to listen
to the sounds made by the heart,
lungs or intestines, as well as blood
flow in arteries and veins. In
combination with a manual
sphygmomanometer, it is commonly
used when measuring blood
pressure.

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 27. Thermometer
- A thermometer is an instrument
that measures temperature. It can
measure the temperature of a solid
such as food, a liquid such as water,
or a gas such as air. The three most
common units of measurement for
temperature are Celsius, Fahrenheit,
and kelvin. The Celsius scale is part
of the metric system.

28. Friability Tester

- Used throughout pharmaceutical
industry, friability testers measure
the difference between the weight
of the sample before and after the
process in order to check the
physical strength of uncoated
tablets.

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 29. Pulley
- A pulley is a wheel on an axle or
shaft that is designed to support
movement and redirect tension.
They are simple, yet powerful
devices that can make small forces
move large objects. Pulleys are used
to make heavy work more
manageable.

30. Tape
-  the tape can be applied as a part of
a color- coding system or as a
makeshift labeling solution that
contains important, printed
information about the safety,
expiration date, storage
requirements, and other important
data about the object to which the
tape is affixed.

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 31. Barometer
-  used to determine pressure in
laboratories or warehouses.
Barometers are instruments that
determine the atmospheric
pressure.

32. Indicator
- The common application of
indicators is the detection of end
points of titrations. The color of an
indicator alters when the acidity or
the oxidizing strength of the
solution, or the concentration of a
certain chemical species, reaches a
critical range of values.

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 33. Stopwatch
-  A laboratory stopwatch measures
time intervals using specific
activation and deactivation points.

34. Speedometer
- The speedometer is the tool
that allows you to measure the time
it takes for an object to travel from
one position to another.

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 35. HbA1C Analyzer
- The A1C test, also known as the
hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a
simple blood test that measures
your average blood sugar levels over
the past 3 months.

36. Hematology Analyzer

- Hematology analyzers are used to
run tests on blood samples. They are
used in the medical field to do white
blood cell counts, complete blood
counts, reticulocyte analysis, and
coagulation tests.

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 37. ESR Analyzer
- is a blood test that can reveal
inflammatory activity in your body.

38. Hemoglobin Meter

- A hemoglobinometer is an
instrument used to determine the
hemoglobin content of the blood by
spectrophotometric measurement.

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 39. Blood Gas Analyzer
- A blood gas test measures the
amount of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood. 

40. Coagulometer
- A blood coagulometer is an analyzer
used to test the coagulation
efficiency of blood so as to diagnose
and assess bleeding disorders such
as hemophilia or to monitor patients
who are taking anticoagulant
medicines such as aspirin, heparin,
or warfarin.

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 41. Microscope
- Microscopes are instruments that
are used in science laboratories to
visualize very minute objects such as
cells, and microorganisms, giving a
contrasting image that is magnified.
Microscopes are made up of lenses
for magnification, each with its own
magnification powers.

42. Automatic Tissue Processor

- automatically prepare tissue
samples for laboratory testing, by
fixing, dehydrating, clearing, and
infiltrating them with paraffin.
medicines such as aspirin, heparin,
or warfarin.

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 43. Cryostat Microtome
- Cryostats are used in medicine to
cut histological slides. They are
usually used in a process called
frozen section histology

44. Microtome
- used in microscopy, allowing for the
preparation of samples for
observation under transmitted light
or electron radiation. 

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 45. Incubator
- provides a temperature-controlled
environment to support growth of
microbiological cultures. 

46. Hemodialysis Machine

- Hemodialysis is a procedure where a
dialysis machine and a special filter
called an artificial kidney, or a
dialyzer, are used to clean your
blood. 

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 47. Water Deionizer
- helps eliminate impurities coming
from the tap or bottled waters in the
laboratories for chemical reactions
in lab experiments.

48. Urine Flow Meter

- Uroflowmetry measures the flow of
urine. It tracks how fast urine flows,
how much flows out, and how long
it takes. It's a diagnostic test to
assess how well the urinary tract
functions. 

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 49. Clean Bench
- The clean bench is recommended
for work with non-hazardous
materials where clean, particle-free
air is necessary to avoid
contamination.

50. Bio Safety Cabinet

- A biological safety cabinet (BSC) is a
primary engineering control used to
protect personnel against
biohazardous or infectious agents
and to help maintain quality control
of the material being worked with as
it filters both the inflow and exhaust
air.

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 51. Ultrasonic Neutralizer
- are suitable for cleaning a wide
variety of materials, including
metals, glass, rubber, ceramics and
some hard plastics. An ultrasonic
parts cleaner is especially useful for
removing tightly-adhered
contaminants from intricate items
with blind holes, cracks and
recesses.

52. Homogenizer
- Homogenizers are used to blend
chemical or biological samples. 

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 53. Bottle Rack
- Laboratory drying rack is a pegboard
for hanging and draining
glassware in a laboratory. It is
available in different varieties and
sizes. It can be used for different
materials of glassware in the
laboratory room such as funnels,
pipettes, mixing balls, slides, bottle
stoppers, tubing and so on.

54. Water Distiller

- A water distiller is a machine
that purifies water by removing
more than 99.9% of contaminants,
including chemicals, heavy metals,
microorganisms and sediment.

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 55. Water Bath
- A water bath is a laboratory
equipment that is used to incubate
samples at a constant temperature
over a long period of time. Water
bath is a preferred heat source for
heating flammable chemicals
instead of an open flame to prevent
ignition.
 

56. Autoclave
- They are used to decontaminate
certain biological waste and sterilize
media, instruments and lab ware.

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