THE BISHOP’S SCHOOL ,CAMP
SUBJECT : BIOLOGY
CLASS - 9
E – NOTES
CHAPTER 14 – THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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*Copy the notes in the classwork book
1. Important points to remember on respiration.
• Definition: Respiration is the chemical process of releasing energy by breaking
down glucose for carrying out life processes.
• Breaking down of glucose occurs in a series of steps. Some the major steps are:
i) Glycolysis in cytoplasm
ii) Kreb’s cycle in mitochondria
• Each step during the process takes place in the presence of specific enzymes.
• The end product of the reaction is carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy.
• The energy produced is partly in the form of chemical energy ( 38 ATP) and partly
as heat energy.
• The essential steps of cellular respiration is same in plants and animals.
2. What are the different types of respiration seen in animals?
There are two different types of respiration seen in animals – Aerobic and Anaerobic
respiration.
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
1.Occurs in the presence of oxygen. 1.Occurs in the absence of oxygen.
2.It is a fast process. 2.It is a slow process.
3.End products are – CO2 and H2O 3.End products is – Lactic acid
4.Energy produced is more- 38ATP 4.Energy produced is less – 2ATP
Too fast but does not
3. What is oxygen-debt?
During continuous physical exercise our muscles work too fast but does not get sufficient
oxygen. In this case the muscles work in the absence of oxygen. Due to incomplete break
down of glucose in muscle cells lactic acid is produced and gives a feeling of fatigue. This
condition is called as oxygen – debt.
4. What are the four major parts of respiration?
The four major parts of respiration are –
• Breathing
• Gaseous transport
• Tissue respiration
• Cellular respiration
5. Explain the blood supply to the lungs.
The Pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for
purification. There are two arteries entering each lung. This artery divide and redivide to
form capillaries surrounding the alveoli. These capillaries again rejoin from the other side
to form fine veins. Again these veins rejoin to form Pulmonary veins. Altogether there are
four Pulmonary veins arising from both the lungs and finally enter the heart.
6. What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing is a physical process that involve inhalation and exhalation. There are no
enzymes involved and energy is used in the process.
Respiration is a biochemical process that involves breaking down of glucose to release
energy. Specific enzymes are involved in the process.
7. Capacities of the lungs- All definitions to be learnt from the textbook.
Tidal Volume
500mL
Inspiratory Capacity
3500mL
Inspiratory Reserve
Vital Capacity
Volume
4500mL
Expiratory Reserve 3000mL
Total Lung Capacity
volume
6000mL
1000mL
Residual Volume
1500mL
8. How is the breathing movement controlled?
The breathing movement is controlled by the respiratory centre located in the medulla
oblongata of the brain. This centre is stimulated by the CO2 in blood. Increased amount
of CO2 increases the breathing process.
9. Study the diagram and explain the mechanism of inhalation.
1. The diaphragm contract and flatten.
2. The external intercostal muscles contract and internal intercostal relax.
3. The ribs and sternum move outward.
4. The abdominal wall moves outwards.
5. Increase in thoracic cavity.
6. Pressure in the thoracic cavity reduced.
7. Air enters.
10. What are the symptoms of Asphyxiation?
The person may become unconscious, change in skin colour, death follows if the cause
is not taken care of.
11. Explain the following with suitable reasons.
a) The expired air contains more carbon dioxide than the inspired air.
During respiration, carbon dioxide is one of the by-products formed which after gaseous
exchange is expired out of the lungs. Therefore more carbon dioxide is added to the
expired air.
b) A person feels breathlessness at higher altitude.
At higher altitude, there is decrease in air pressure and decrease in the oxygen content
of the air that we breathe in. This causes breathlessness.
c) During continuous physical exercise we feel fatigue.
During continuous physical exercise our muscles do not get sufficient oxygen and so they
work in the absence of oxygen to provide energy. This is same as anaerobic respiration
and so lactic acid is produced. Accumulation of lactic acid causes fatigue.
12. Study the experiment and answer the following based on your knowledge of
respiration.
a) Suggest a suitable aim for the above experiment.
b) What is the role of caustic soda in flask A?
c) What is the role of lime water in two flasks?
d) What would be your observation if the entire setup is kept in sunlight and the
snails are replaced with a green potted plant?
• Refer to the diagrams and definitions given in the textbook.
• All the experiments are important.
• Learn all the tables given in the textbook.
• Solve question 12 in your notebook.
