Tensile strength of fiber for

acid and base study

Chemistry
10 pag.

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 LITTLE FLOWER HOUSE
KAKARMATTA, VARANASI

CHEMISTRY PROJECT

Topic.

………………………………………………
Topic

Name
- ..........................................................................................

Class
- ............................................................................................

Roll No.
- ....................................................................................

Subject
- ......................................................................................

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Submitted by Submitted to
Mr. Abhay Srivastava

CERTIFICATE

Little Flower House

Varanasi

To Whomsoever It May Concern

I have great pleasure in forwarding the Chemistry project
entitled “.................................................................”
submitted by ..................................... of Class 12 th.

.................................... has prepared this investigatory

project in accordance with the guidelines formed by
CBSE and has worked as per my instructions and I certify
that the project is unique and has not been copied from
any other source.
I wish him/her every success in his/her future endeavors.

Mr. Abhay Srivastava

DATE (SUPERVISOR)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to Mr.
Abhay Srivastava, my Chemistry Teacher who gave
his valuable advice and superb guidelines for
completion of my project. He helped me to
understand the important details of my project which
would otherwise have not been possible.
I am also grateful to my friends for boosting my
morale and offering me mental support.
Last but not least, I extend by sincere thanks to my
classmates and the lab assistant who played an
important role during the performing of the
experiment.

By
...........................

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 Aim

Study the effect of acid and base on the tensile

strength of fibre

Index

▲ Certificate
▲ Acknowledgement
▲ Aim
▲ Objective Of Project
▲ Introduction
▲ Experiment No.1
▲ Experiment No.2
▲ Bibligrophy

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 Objectives

"Project Report Effects of Acids & Bases on the Tensile Strength of

Fibres "
The aim and objective of this project is to
(i) Compare the tensile strength of given samples of nylon and cotton fibres.
(ii) To investigate the Effect of Acids and Alkalies on the tensile strength of these
fibres.

Introduction
Depending upon the sources, the various types of fibres can be classified into the
following three main categories :
(i) Animal fibres e.g. Wool & Silk.
(ii) Vegetable Fibres e.g. Cotton & Linen.
(iii) Synthetic Fibres e.g. Nylon & Polyester.

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Besides their chemical composition and properties, most important property of
these fibres is their tensile strength. Tensile strength mean the extent to which a
fibre can be stretched without breaking and it is measured in terms of minimum
weight required to break the fibre. To determine the tensile strength of any fibre, it
is tied to a hook at one end and weighted are slowly added to the other end until the
fibre break.
Since peptide bonds are more easily hydrolyzed by bases than acids therefore wool
and silk are affected by basis not by acids. It is because of this reason that wool and
silk threads breakup into fragments and ultimately dissolve in alkalines.
In other words alkalines decreases the tensile strength of animal fibres (wool &
silk). Vegetable fibres (cotton & linen), on the other hand, consist of long
polysaccharide chains in which the various glucose units are joined by ethers
linkage. Since ethers are hydrolised by acids and not by bases therefore, vegetable
fibres are affected by acids but not by bases. In other words acids decreases the
tensile strength of vegetable fibres. In contrast, synthetics fibres such as nylon &
polyester practically remains unaffected by both acids and bases.

Experiment-1 [Acid and Bases]

Requirements :
(a) Apparatus : Hook, Weight hanger and weights.
(b) Materials : Cotton, Silk and Nylon fibres.
Chemistry Experiment Acid and Bases Procedure
(i) Cut out equal lengths of a cotton fibre, nylon fibre and silk fibre from the given
sample of nearly same dia.
(ii) Tie one end of cotton fibre to a hook which has been fixed in a vertical plane.
Tie a weight hanger to the other end. The thread get straight.
(iii) Put a weight to the hanger and observe the thread stretch. Then, increase the
weights gradually on the hanger until the breaking point reaches and note the
minimum weight needed for breaking the cotton fibre.
(iv) Repeat the above experiment by tying nylon and silk fibres to the hook
separately.

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Sr.No. Type of Fibre Minimum Weight

1. Cotton 75 g.

2. Nylon 375 g.

3. Silk 150 g.

Precautions
(i) Thread must be of identical diameters.
(ii) Always take the same length of the threads.
(iii) Add the weights in small amounts very slowly.

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 Experiment - 2
Requirements :
(a) Apparatus : Hook, Weight Hanger and Weights.
(b) Materials and Chemicals : Wool, Cotton and Nylon Fibres, dilute solution of
hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Procedure
(i) Cut out equal lengths of wool, cotton and nylon threads from given sample of
nearly same diameter.
(ii) Determine the tensile strength of each fibre as explained in experiment-1.
(iii) Soak the woolen thread in a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide for five
minutes. Take it out from hydroxide solution and wash it thoroughly with water
and then dry either by keeping it in the sun or in an over maintained at a
temperature of about 400C. Determine its tensile strength again as explained in
Experiment-1.
(iv) Now take another piece of woolen thread of the same size and diameter and
soak it in a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid for five minutes. Take it out, wash
thoroughly with water, dry and determine the tensile strength again.
(v) Repeat the above procedure for the samples of cotton and nylon fibre.
S.N Type of Wt. Wt. Wt.
Required Required Required

o. Fibre to break To to break fibre

the fibre break Untreated the after soaking
fiber soaking in dilute acid
in dilute
alkali
1. wool 750g. 700g. 750g.
2. cotton 75g. 75g. 50g.
3. nylon 375g. 375g. 375g.

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 Result
(i) The tensile strength of woolen fibre decreases on soaking in alkalies but
practically remains unaffected on soaking in acids.
(ii) The tensile strength of cotton fibre decreases on soaking in acids but remains
practically unaffected on soaking in alkalies.
(iii) The tensile strength of nylon fibres remain practically unaffected on soaking
either in acids or in alkalies.

Precautions
(i) Thread must be of identical diameters.
(ii) Always take the same length of the threads.
(iii) Add the weights in small amounts very slowly.

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 Bibliography

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