SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY
3700 Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND HUMANITIES
Social Sciences and Philosophy
Active Learning Exercise # 1, Final Term
Work with a pair, someone you have not worked with before and do what is asked.
1. Read the two sources below carefully.
2. After that accomplish the table that follows. This requires reading and discussion so spend the
hour to discuss the contents with your partner.
Worksheet for Primary vs. Secondary Sources: The Tejeros Convention
First Source Second Source
Author’s Emilio Aguinaldo on March 22, 1869, Santiago Alvarez was a was a
Background in Kawit, Cavite, he was born. Emilio revolutionary commander who
was the seventh child of Carlos created the Nacionalista Party's first
Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy, a directorate and served as its honorary
Chinese mestizo marriage with eight president. Because of his ferocious
children. He went to Colegio de San valor and commitment as the leader
Juan de Letran for high school but had of Cavite's famed fights (particularly
to drop out after his father died. He the Battle of Dalahican), he was
then assumed responsibility for dubbed "Kidlat ng Apoy" (Lightning
assisting his mother in the operation of of Fire), and he was recognized as the
their farm.He was elected President of "Hero" of the Battle of Dalahican in
the First Philippine Republic and the modern-day Cavite City. Despite
Republic of Biak-na-Bato. At the age being ostracized among the ranks of
of 29, he is the youngest president in the revolution as a competing faction
history. Emilio Aguinaldo died of a rose to power, Alvarez remained
heart attack on February 6, 1964 in committed to the revolution's goal.
Quezon City. He died at the age of 94 He enrolled at the University of Santo
years, 10 months, and 15 days. Tomas after the revolution and later
transferred to the Colegio de San
Juan de Letran, where he earned a
Bachelor of Arts. He then went to the
Liceo de Manila to study law. He
died in San Pablo City on October 30,
1930, at the age of 58, and was
interred in the San Pablo municipal
cemetery.
Date when the Aguinaldo's diary was used to create Published in the 1920’s, serializing
account was the document. He kept the documents from July 24, 1927 –April 15, 1928.
written (state there, as well as family mythology he
the context/s learned from his elders. Between 1928
in which it and 1946, the paper was handwritten
was written) in Tagalog. After much deliberation,
Aguinaldo decided to publish his
memoirs in 1967.
Mention the *None stated in the source which was March 25, 1897- when the
dates about the Tejeros Convention* Tejeros Convention was called to
order and the invitations signed
by Sec. Lumbreras, Jacinto
March 27, 1897- when the
Witnesses discovered that a
meeting had taken place at the
Tanza parish house, and that the
Supremo's election decisions at
the friar estate home had been
disregarded
Key Supremo Andres Bonifacio Supremo Andres Bonifacio
personalities General Emilio Aguinaldo Daniel Tirona
involved Daniel Tirona General Apoy
General Artemio Ricarte Severino de las Alas
Mr. Jacinto Lumbreras Antonio Montenegro
Colonel Santiago Rillo Baldomero Aguinaldo
Sequencing of 1. Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres 1. The Tejeros assembly began on
events Bonifacio were both going up against March 25, 1897. Before the
each other for the position as President conference could formally begin,
of the Revolt, but it was Emilio Magdiwang Secretary of War Ariston
AGuinaldo who won Villanueva warned General Apoy that
2. Andres Bonifacio was once again Daniel Tirona would try to derail it
chosen for the different positions but by assembling sympathizers from the
was not chosen rather, the other Magdiwang side. As a result, General
opponent. Apoy prepared his men in case
3. Despite this he was chosen to be the anything unexpected happened.
Secretary of the Interior but after he 2. Supremo Andres Bonifacio then
was declared winner, General Daniel spoke out over the Katipunan flag,
TIrona shouted and spoke that the but de las Alas responded that the
chosen Secretary of the Interior should flag does not indicate whether or not
be someone with credentials that can the government is democratic.
do the job or position better. Antonio Montenegro seconded this
4. General Daniel Tirona was against and mentioned certain things that
Bonifacio for the position. This was irritated General Apoy. As a result,
how the argument and conflict started the general issued an arrest warrant
during the convention took place. for Montenegro. Dr. Jose Rizal's
5. But because of the hurt that Andres sister, Trining, and Josephine, on the
Bonifacio felt, he spoke out and said other hand, were able to prevent
that they all agreed before the election Apoy from detaining Montenegro.
started that they would choose anyone Bonifacios sympathized with their
regardless of what they studied, with goals and agreed to the type of
the inclusion that a majority of people government they desired, resulting in
voted for him or her. the establishment of the Philippine
6. Because of Bonifacio’s anger with Republic and the election of its
General Tirona, he evne held out his officers.
pistol and aimed it at the General but 3. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected
was stopped by both Mr. Lumbreras president when the votes were
and General Ricarte, which led to tabulated. After that, de las Alas
General Tirona’s leave becasue of stated that since Bonifacio earned the
fear. second largest number of votes for
7. Bonifacio was about to leave the president, he should be the vice
convention but was also stopped by president. However, no one spoke up
Colonel Rillo and reasoned out that in support or opposition, thus the
Bonifacio was already announced as meeting continued and MarianoTrias
Secretary of Interior. was elected vice president. General
8. The convention continued without Vibora, on the other hand, was named
any interruptions and announced a captain general. R. Emiliano
commission to tell Aguinaldo that he Emiliano R. Emiliano R. Emiliano R
was chosen to be the Leader of the Bonifacio was elected Secretary of
Revolt. the Interior, while de Dios was
9. Afterwards, the meeting was held in elected Secretary of War.
a pause to wait for Emilio Aguinaldo. 4. Tirona did not want Bonifacio to
win the position, therefore he
demanded that Jose del Rosario be
appointed as the officer because he
has more experience and a degree
relevant to the role. Bonifacio
became enraged because he claimed
before the meeting that a person's
status in life would not be taken into
consideration when electing. As a
result of this, he demanded an
apology from Tirona and pointed his
revolver at him. Tirona chose to
ignore Bonifacio rather than respond,
and slid away through the mob out of
fear. After then, Bonifacio sat down
and declared that everything that had
happened in the meeting was null and
void, and then he walked out.
5. The Magdalo president,
Baldomero Aguinaldo, wanted to
reconcile, so he requested another
meeting the next day at the same
location, which the Magdiwang
agreed to. On the same night, some
Magdalo members were seen
conversing with Fr. Cenon
Villafranca is a priest from the Tanza
parish. The Magdiwang, on the other
hand, thought it was insignificant
because this was one of the few
Magdalo regions left after the
Spaniards seized the others.
6. The Magdiwang members,
together with Fr. Manuel Trias, were
present at Tejeros the next day,
waiting for the Magdalo group to
arrive. They waited until five o'clock,
but no one showed up for the
Magdalo president's meeting. On the
same night, it was rumored that the
elected Magdalo men were taking
their oath at Tanza, despite
Bonifacio's declaration that the
Tejeros convention's results would be
null. The Magdalo, unbeknownst to
the Magdiwang, stationed guards
around the parish of Tanza to ensure
that no Magdiwang members got in
and that the secret ceremony was not
revealed because they would have
been annihilated if it had been.
7. On March 27, 1897, eyewitnesses
who spied on the gathering reported
that the Magdalo members had
disobeyed Bonifacio's orders and
taken their pledge.
Difference For this source, it focused mainly on This source concentrated on the
between the the events that happened in the election and the high-pressure
two accounts election. It showed a detailed process atmosphere that pervaded the
of who was chosen for each position convention. It also focused on what
and the climax of the events that took happened following the convention,
down that place which was the which was the secret ceremony.
opposition of other members who
voted.
Your This document was just a narrative Written by an eyewitness who
analysis/appra that was given to Aguinaldo because witnessed the tragedy firsthand, the
isal of both he wasn’t present that time during the book focuses primarily on what
accounts convention. It gave a detailed occurred during the conference. It
happening during the election at the also includes excerpts from
Tejeros convention. This was a conversations spoken during the
different perspective compared to the convention, which were quick and
other source since this was from bits bland due to a lack of adjectives to
of Aguinaldo’s memoirs where the describe the scenario, as well as
information on what went down was restricted expression of feelings other
just also relayed to him during this than visible emotions that led to
time. particular events, such as fury.
Name of Ronabelle Butag Renee Dwi Permata L.
students Messakaraeng
Note: Ms. Butag contributed only 1/4 of the paper. We both didn’t have time to
discuss so we both agreed to split the tasks but she failed to give complete
information on her part.
