Master Muscle List

Select a region of the body below to view a listing of

muscles in that region.

Return to

● Back
● Upper Limb
● Head and Neck
● Thorax
● Abdomen
● Pelvis and Perineum
● Lower Limb

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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
LUMEN Master Muscle
List

To find a specific muscle, scroll down the

alphabetical listing below or use the "Find" button
on your browser and enter the name of a muscle.

Return to the

● abductor digiti minimi (foot)

● abductor digiti minimi (hand)
● abductor hallucis
● abductor pollicis brevis
● abductor pollicis longus
● adductor brevis
● adductor hallucis
● adductor longus
● adductor magnus
● adductor pollicis
● anconeus
● articularis cubiti
● articularis genu
● aryepiglotticus
● auricularis
● biceps brachii
● biceps femoris
● brachialis
● brachioradialis
● buccinator
● bulbospongiosus
● constrictor of pharynx -inferior
● constrictor of pharynx -middle
● constrictor of pharynx -superior
● coracobrachialis
● corrugator supercilii
● cremaster
● cricothyroid
● dartos
● deep transverse perinei
● deltoid
● depressor anguli oris
● depressor labii inferioris
● diaphragm
● digastric
● digastric (anterior view)
● erector spinae - spinalis
● erector spinae - iliocostalis
● erector spinae - longissimus
● extensor carpi radialis brevis
● extensor carpi radialis longus
● extensor carpi ulnaris
● extensor digiti minimi (hand)
● extensor digitorum (hand)
● extensor digitorum brevis (foot)
● extensor digitorum longus (foot)
● extensor hallucis brevis
● extensor hallucis longus
● extensor indicis
● extensor pollicis brevis
● extensor pollicis longus
● external oblique abdominis
● flexor carpi radialis
● flexor carpi ulnaris
● flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
● flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
● flexor digitorum brevis
● flexor digitorum longus (foot)
● flexor digitorum profundus
● flexor digitorum superficialis
● flexor hallucis brevis
● flexor hallucis longus
● flexor pollicis brevis
● flexor pollicis longus
● frontalis
● gastrocnemius
● gemellus inferior
● gemellus superior
● genioglossus
● geniohyoid
● gluteus maximus
● gluteus medius
● gluteus minimus
● gracilis
● hyoglossus
● iliacus
● inferior oblique
● inferior rectus
● infraspinatus
● intercostals external
● intercostals innermost
● intercostals internal
● internal oblique abdominis
● interossei - dorsal of hand
● interossei -dorsal of foot
● interossei- palmar of hand
● interossei - plantar of foot
● interspinales
● intertransversarii
● intrinsic muscles of tongue
● ishiocavernosus
● lateral cricoarytenoid
● lateral pterygoid
● lateral rectus
● latissimus dorsi
● levator anguli oris
● levator ani-coccygeus
● levator ani - iliococcygeus
● levator ani-pubococcygeus
● levator ani-puborectalis
● levator ani-pubovaginalis
● levator labii superioris
● levator labii superioris
● alaeque nasi
● levator palpebrae superioris
● levator scapulae
● levator veli palatini
● levatores costarum
● longus capitis
● longus colli
● lumbricals of foot (4)
● lumbricals of hand
● masseter
● medial pterygoid
● medial rectus
● mentalis
● m. uvulae
● mylohyoid
● nasalis
● oblique arytenoid
● obliquus capitis inferior
● obliquus capitis superior
● obturator externus
● obturator internus (A)
● obturator internus (B)
● omohyoid
● opponens digiti minimi (hand)
● opponens pollicis
● orbicularis oculi
● orbicularis oris
● palatoglossus
● palatopharyngeus
● palmaris brevis
● palmaris longus
● pectineus
● pectoralis major
● pectoralis minor
● peroneus brevis
● peroneus longus
● peroneus tertius
● piriformis (A)
● piriformis (B)
● plantaris
● platysma
● popliteus
● posterior cricoarytenoid
● procerus
● pronator quadratus
● pronator teres
● psoas major
● psoas minor
● pyramidalis
● quadratus femoris
● quadratus lumborum
● quadratus plantae
● rectus abdominis
● rectus capitus anterior
● rectus capitus lateralis
● rectus capitus posterior major
● rectus capitus posterior minor
● rectus femoris
● rhomboid major
● rhomboid minor
● risorius
● salpingopharyngeus
● sartorius
● scalenus anterior
● scalenus medius
● scalenus minimus
● scalenus posterior
● semimembranosus
● semitendinosus
● serratus anterior
● serratus posterior inferior
● serratus posterior superior
● soleus
● sphincter ani
● sphincter urethrae
● splenius capitis
● splenius cervicis
● stapedius
● sternocleidomastoid
 ● sternohyoid
● sternothyroid
● styloglossus
● stylohyoid
● stylohyoid (anterior view)
● stylopharyngeus
● subclavius
● subcostalis
● subscapularis
● superficial transverse perinei
● superior oblique
● superior rectus
● supinator
● supraspinatus
● temporalis
● temporoparietalis
● tensor fasciae lata
● tensor tympani
● tensor veli palatini
● teres major
● teres minor
● thyro-arytenoid & vocalis
● thyro-epiglotticus
● thyrohyoid
● tibialis anterior
● tibialis posterior
● transverse arytenoid
● transversospinalis -multifidus
● transversospinalis -rotatores
● transversospinalis -semispinalis
● transversus abdominis
● transversus thoracis
● trapezius
● triceps
● vastus intermedius
● vastus lateralis
● vastus medialis
● zygomaticus major
● zygomaticus minor
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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Back

Return to Index of Regions

● deltoid
● erector spinae - spinalis
● erector spinae - iliocostalis
● erector spinae - longissimus
● infraspinatus
● interspinales
● intertransversarii
● latissimus dorsi
● levator scapulae
● levatores costarum
● obliquus capitis inferior
● obliquus capitis superior
● rectus capitus posterior major
● rectus capitus posterior minor
● rhomboid major
● rhomboid minor
● serratus posterior inferior
● serratus posterior superior
● splenius capitis
● splenius cervicis
● supraspinatus
● teres major
● teres minor
● transversospinalis - multifidus
● transversospinalis - rotatores
● transversospinalis - semispinalis
● trapezius

Submit e-mail to

Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
Master Muscle List

● Back
● Upper Limb
● Head and Neck
● Thorax
● Abdomen
● Pelvis and Perineum
● Lower Limb

Submit e-mail to

Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 DELTOID

ORIGIN
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle

INSERTION
Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

ACTION
Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend
and lateral rotate

NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)
 ERECTOR SPINAE-SPINALIS

ORIGIN
Spinous processes

INSERTION
Spinous processes six levels above

ACTION
Lateral flexion of spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 ERECTOR SPINAE-ILIOCOSTALIS

ORIGIN
Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION
Ribs, cervical transverse processes

ACTION
Extends and lateral flexes spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 ERECTOR SPINAE-LONGISSIMUS

ORIGIN
Transverse processes

INSERTION
Transverse processes several levels above

ACTION
Extends spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 INFRASPINATUS

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula
and fibrous intermuscular septa

INSERTION
Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule
of shoulder joint

ACTION
Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6 ) (from upper trunk)
 INTERSPINALIS

ORIGIN
Spinous processes

INSERTION
Spinous processes one above

ACTION
Extension of spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 INTERTRANSVERSARII

ORIGIN
Transverse processes

INSERTION
Transverse processes one above

ACTION
Lateral flexes spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 LATISSIMUS DORSI

ORIGIN
Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower
thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac
crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and
inferior angle of scapula

INSERTION
Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major

ACTION
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with
deep inspiration and forced expiration

NERVE
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord)
 LEVATOR SCAPULAE

ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4

INSERTION
Upper part of medial border of scapula

ACTION
Raises medial border of scapula

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve
(C5)
 LEVATORES COSTARUM

ORIGIN
Transverse processes C7 to T11

INSERTION
Posterior surface and angle of rib below

ACTION
Elevates ribs

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR

ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)

INSERTION
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

ACTION
Rotates atlanto-axial joint

NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)
 OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

ORIGIN
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

INSERTION
Lateral half inferior nuchal line

ACTION
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)
 RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MAJOR

ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)

INSERTION
Lateral half of inferior nuchal line

ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)
 RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MINOR

ORIGIN
Posterior process of atlas (C1)

INSERTION
Medial half of inferior nuchal line

ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)
 RHOMBOID MAJOR

ORIGIN
Spines of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligaments

INSERTION
Lower half of posteromedial border of scapula, from
angle to upper part of triangular area at base of
scapular spine

ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position

NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root )
 RHOMBOID MINOR

ORIGIN
Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1

INSERTION
Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of
spine, below levator scapulae

ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest
position

NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root)
 SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2

INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12

ACTION
Assists forced expiration

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T9-12)
 SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2

INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 2-5

ACTION
Assists forced inspiration

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T2-5)
 SPLENIUS CAPITIS

ORIGIN
Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and
supraspinous ligaments T1-3

INSERTION
Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines

ACTION
Extends and rotates cervical spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C3, 4
 SPLENIUS CERVICIS

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T3-6

INSERTION
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-3

ACTION
Extends and rotates cervica spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C5, 6
 SUPRASPINATUS

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula,
upper surface of spine (bipennate)

INSERTION
Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and
capsule of shoulder joint

ACTION
Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)(from upper trunk)
 TERES MAJOR

ORIGIN
Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of
scapula below teres minor

INSERTION
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

ACTION
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint

NERVE
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)
 TERES MINOR

ORIGIN
Middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major

INSERTION
Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (below
infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder joint

ACTION
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)
 TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-MULTIFIDUS

ORIGIN
Laminae of vertebra

INSERTION
Spinous processes two to three levels above

ACTION
Extends spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-ROTATORES

ORIGIN
Transverse processes

INSERTION
Spinous processes one above

ACTION
Rotates spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-SEMISPINALES

ORIGIN
Transverse processes

INSERTION
Spinous processes six levels above

ACTION
Extends and lateral flexes spine

NERVE
Posterior primary rami
 TRAPEZIUS

ORIGIN
Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and
supraspinous ligaments to T12

INSERTION
Upper fibers to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle; lower to medial
acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle

ACTION
laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends
and laterally flexes neck

NERVE
Spinal accessory nerve (lateral roots, C1-5)(spinal nerves C3 and C4 for
proprioception)
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Upper Limb

Return to Index of Regions

● abductor digiti minimi (hand)

● abductor pollicis brevis
● abductor pollicis longus
● adductor pollicis
● anconeus
● articularis cubiti
● biceps brachii
● brachialis
● brachioradialis
● coracobrachialis
● deltoid
● extensor carpi radialis brevis
● extensor carpi radialis longus
● extensor carpi ulnaris
● extensor digiti minimi (hand)
● extensor digitorum (hand)
● extensor indicis
● extensor pollicis brevis
● extensor pollicis longus
● flexor carpi radialis
● flexor carpi ulnaris
● flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
● flexor digitorum profundus
● flexor digitorum superficialis
● flexor pollicis brevis
● flexor pollicis longus
● infraspinatus
● interossei - dorsal of hand
● interossei - palmar of hand
● latissimus dorsi
● lumbricals of hand
● opponens digiti minimi (hand)
● opponens pollicis
● palmaris brevis
● palmaris longus
● pectoralis major
● pectoralis minor
 ● pronator quadratus
● pronator teres
● serratus anterior
● subscapularis
● supinator
● supraspinatus
● teres major
● teres minor
● triceps

Submit e-mail to Michael F. Dauzvardis

Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (hand)

ORIGIN
Pisiform bone, pisohamate ligament and flexor retinaculum

INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger and extensor
expansion

ACTION
Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Tubercle of scaphoid & flexor retinaculum

INSERTION
Radial sesamoid of proximal phalanx of thumb & tendon of
extensor pollicis longus

ACTION
Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal
joints

NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve(C8, T1)
occasionally by ulnar nerve
 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Upper posterior surface of ulna and middle third of posterior surface of radius
and interosseous membrane between

INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of 1st metacarpal
and trapezium

ACTION
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C6, 7)
 ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

ORIGIN
Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, trapezoid
and capitate. Transverse head: palmar border and shaft of
3rd metacarpal

INSERTION
Ulnar sesamoid then ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx
and tendon of extensor pollicis longus

ACTION
Adducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)
 ANCONEUS

ORIGIN
Smooth surface at lower extremity of posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of
humerus

INSERTION
Lateral side of olecranon

ACTION
Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation

NERVE
Radial nerve (C7, 8)
 ARTICULARIS CUBITI

ORIGIN
Deep distal surface of medial head of triceps

INSERTION
Posterior capsule of elbow joint

ACTION
Lifts capsule away from joint

NERVE
Radial (C6, 7 , 8)
 BICEPS BRACHII

ORIGIN
Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid
process of scapula with coracobrachialis

INSERTION
posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital
aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna

ACTION
Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder

NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) (from lateral cord)
 BRACHIALIS

ORIGIN
Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa

INSERTION
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

ACTION
Flexes elbow

NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) ( from lateral cord). Also small supply
from radial nerve (C7)
 BRACHIORADIALIS

ORIGIN
Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral
intermuscular septum

INSERTION
Base of styloid process of radius

ACTION
Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position

NERVE
Radial nerve (C5, 6)
 CORACOBRACHIALIS

ORIGIN
Coracoid process of scapula with biceps brachii

INSERTION
Upper half medial border of humerus

ACTION
Flexes and weakly adducts arm

NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from lateral cord)
 EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
Posterior base of 3rd metacarpal

ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Lower third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral
intermuscular septum

INSERTION
Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal

ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist

NERVE
Radial nerve (C6, 7)
 EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
Base of 5th metacarpal via groove by ulnar styloid

ACTION
Extends and adducts hand at wrist

NERVE
Posterior interosseous
 EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI

ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
Extensor expansion of little finger-usually two tendons which are joined by a
slip from extensor digitorum at metacarpophalangeal joint

ACTION
Extends all joints of little finger

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons
3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip

ACTION
Extends all joints of fingers

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 EXTENSOR INDICIS

ORIGIN
Lower posterior shaft of ulna (below extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent
interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Extensor expansion of index finger (tendon lies on ulnar side of extensor
digitorum tendon)

ACTION
Extends all joints of index finger

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Lower third of posterior shaft of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of proximal
phalanx of thumb

ACTION
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent
interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of
radius).

ACTION
Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , 8 )
 FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals via groove in trapezium and slip to
scaphoid

ACTION
Flexes and abducts wrist

NERVE
Median nerve (C6, 7) (from medial and lateral cords)
 FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head:
aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous
border of ulna

INSERTION
Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and
pisometacarpal ligaments

ACTION
Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles

NERVE
Ulnar nerve (C6, 7) (by communication from lateral cord)
 FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS

ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate

INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

ORIGIN
Medial olecranon, upper three quarters of anterior and medial surface of ulna
as far round as subcutaneous border and narrow strip of interosseous
membrane

INSERTION
Distal phalanges of medial four fingers. Tendon to index finger separates early

ACTION
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints, then secondarily flexes proximal
interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist

NERVE
Median nerve (anterior interosseous) (C6, 7) / ulnar nerve (C7, 8)
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus, medial
ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and fibrous
arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique line

INSERTION
Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four fingers

ACTION
Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal
joints and wrist

NERVE
Median nerve (C7, 8) (from medial and lateral cords)
 FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

INSERTION
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via radial sesamoid)

ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve (C8, T1) (may
also be from deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1))
 FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent
interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb

ACTION
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb

NERVE
Anterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
 DORSAL INTEROSSEI

ORIGIN
Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metacarpals

INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on radial
side of index and middle fingers and ulnar side of middle and
ring fingers

ACTION
Abduct from axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal
joint while extending interphalangeal joints

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)
 PALMAR INTEROSSEI

ORIGIN
Anteriorshafts of 1, 2, 4, 5 metacarpals (unipennate)

INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on ulnar
side of index and radial side of ring and little fingers and to
ulnar sesamoid of thumb

ACTION
Adduct to axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint
while extending interphalangeal joints

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)
 LUMBRICALS

ORIGIN
Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. Radial 2: radial side
only (unipennate). Ulnar 2: cleft between tendons ( bipennate)

INSERTION
Extensor expansion (dorsum of proximal phalanx ) of fingers 2-5
radial side

ACTION
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal
joints of fingers

NERVE
Lateral 2: median nerve (C8, T1). medial 2: deep branch of ulnar
nerve (C8, T1)
 OPPONEN DIGITI MINIMI HAND

ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate

INSERTION
Ulnar border of shaft of 5th metacarpal

ACTION
Opposes (flexes and laterally rotates) carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal joints of little finger

NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
 OPPONEN POLLICIS

ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

INSERTION
Whole of radial border of 1st metacarpal

ACTION
Opposes (medially rotates and flexes ) carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve (C8,T1) (may
also be from deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1))
 PALMARIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

INSERTION
Skin of palm into dermis

ACTION
Steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip

NERVE
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
 PALMARIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

ACTION
Flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

NERVE
Median nerve (C7, 8) (from medial and lateral cords)
 PECTORALIS MAJOR

ORIGIN
Clavicular head-medial half clavicle. Sternocostal head-lateral
manubrium and sternum, six upper costal cartilages and external
oblique aponeurosis

INSERTION
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus and anterior lip of deltoid
tuberosity

ACTION
Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and
medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration

NERVE
Medial pectoral nerve (from medial cord) and lateral pectoral nerve
(from lateral cord) (C6, 7, 8)
 PECTORALIS MINOR

ORIGIN
3, 4, 5 ribs

INSERTION
Medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula

ACTION
Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus
anterior)

NERVE
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) (from medial cord)
 PRONATOR QUADRATUS

ORIGIN
Lower quarter of anteromedial shaft of ulna

INSERTION
Lower quarter of anterolateral shaft of radius and some interosseous
membrane

ACTION
Pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed

NERVE
Anterior interosseous nerve (C8)
 PRONATOR TERES

ORIGIN
Humeral head: medial epicondyle, medial supracondylar ridge and medial
intermuscular septum. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process

INSERTION
Just posterior to most prominent part of lateral convexity of radius

ACTION
Pronates forearm and flexes elbow

NERVE
Median nerve (C6,7) (from lateral and medial cords)
 SERRATUS ANTERIOR

ORIGIN
Upper eight ribs and anterior intercostal membranes from
midclavicular line. Lower four interdigitating with external oblique

INSERTION
Inner medial border scapula. 1 and 2: upper angle; 3 and 4: length of
costal surface ; 5-8: inferior angle

ACTION
Laterally rotates and protracts scapula

NERVE
Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from roots) slips from ribs 1 and 2: C5;
3 and 4: C6; 5-8: C7)
 SUBSCAPULARIS

ORIGIN
Medial two thirds of subscapular fossa

INSERTION
Lesser tuberosity of humerus, upper medial lip of bicipital
groove, capsule of shoulder joint

ACTION
Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

NERVE
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C6,7) (from
posterior cord)
 SUPINATOR

ORIGIN
Deep part (horizontal):supinator crest and fossa of ulna. Superficial part
(downwards): lateral epicondyle and lateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament

INSERTION
Neck and shaft of radius, between anterior and posterior oblique lines

ACTION
Supinates forearm. Only acts alone when elbow extended

NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C5, 6)
 TRICEPS

ORIGIN
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior
humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus
inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa

INSERTION
Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule

ACTION
Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule
of elbow joint on extension

NERVE
Radial nerve (C7, 8) (from posterior cord ), four branches
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Head and Neck

Return to

● aryepiglotticus
● auricularis
● buccinator
● constrictor of pharynx - inferior
● constrictor of pharynx - middle
● constrictor of pharynx - superior
● corrugator supercilii
● cricothyroid
● depressor anguli oris
● depressor labii inferioris
● digastric
● digastric (anterior view)
● frontalis
● genioglossus
● geniohyoid
● hyoglossus
● inferior oblique
● inferior rectus
● intrinsic muscles of tongue
● lateral cricoarytenoid
● lateral pterygoid
● lateral rectus
● levator anguli oris
● levator labii superioris
● levator labii superioris
● alaeque nasi
● levator palpebrae superioris
● levator veli palatini
● longus capitis
● longus colli
● masseter
● medial pterygoid
● medial rectus
● mentalis
● m. uvulae
● mylohyoid
● nasalis
● oblique arytenoid
● obliquus capitis inferior
● obliquus capitis superior
● omohyoid
● orbicularis oculi
● orbicularis oris
● palatoglossus
● palatopharyngeus
● platysma
● posterior cricoarytenoid
● procerus
● rectus capitus anterior
● rectus capitus lateralis
● rectus capitus posterior major
● rectus capitus posterior minor
● risorius
● salpingopharyngeus
● scalenus anterior
● scalenus medius
● scalenus minimus
● scalenus posterior
● splenius capitis
● splenius cervicis
● stapedius
● sternocleidomastoid
● sternohyoid
● sternothyroid
● styloglossus
● stylohyoid
● stylohyoid (anterior view)
● stylopharyngeus
● superior oblique
● superior rectus
● temporalis
● temporoparietalis
● tensor tympani
● tensor veli palatini
● thyro - arytenoid & vocalis
● thyro - epiglotticus
● thyrohyoid
● transverse arytenoid
● zygomaticus major
● zygomaticus minor
Submit e-mail to

Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 ARYEPIGLOTTICUS

ORIGIN
Apex of arytenoid cartilage

INSERTION
Lateral border of epiglottis

ACTION
Aids closure of additus of larynx

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 AURICULARIS

ORIGIN
Cartilage of auricle

INSERTION
Galeal aponeurosis

ACTION
Adjusts position of ear

NERVE
Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 BUCCINATOR

ORIGIN
External alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible by molar teeth,
to maxillary tubercle and pterygoid hamulus and posterior
mylohyoid line respectively, then via pterygomandibular raphe
between bones

INSERTION
Decussates at modiolus of mouth and interdigitates with opposite
side

ACTION
Aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids
closure of mouth

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR

ORIGIN
Cricopharyngeus: lateral aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage.
Thyropharyngeus: oblique line of laminar of thyroid cartilage and
fibrous cricothyroid arch

INSERTION
Cricopharyngeus: continuous with muscle of opposite side, behind
pharynx. Thyropharyngeus : lower pharyngeal raphe

ACTION
Aids swallowing . Cricopharyngeus acts as upper esophageal
sphincter

NERVE
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch
of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory (XI)
 MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR

ORIGIN
Lower third of stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu and superior
border of greater cornu of hyoid bone

INSERTION
Middle portion of pharyngeal raphe

ACTION
Aids swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch
of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR

ORIGIN
Lower two thirds of medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe
and posterior end of mylohyoid line on mandible

INSERTION
Upper midline pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle of clivus of
occiput

ACTION
Aids swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch of
X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory (XI)
 CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

ORIGIN
Medial superciliary arch

INSERTION
Skin of medial forehead

ACTION
Wrinkles forehead

NERVE
Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 CRICOTHYROID

ORIGIN
Anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage

INSERTION
Inferior cornu and lower laminar of thyroid cartilage

ACTION
Lengthens and tenses vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forwards

NERVE
External branch of superiorlaryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of mandible posterior to oblique line

INSERTION
Modiolus at angle of mouth

ACTION
Depresses and draws angle of mouth laterally

NERVE
Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII)
 DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of mandible along oblique line

INSERTION
Skin of lower lip

ACTION
Depresses and draws lower lip laterally

NERVE
Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII)
 DIGASTRIC

ORIGIN
Anterior belly: digatric fossa on posterior surface of symphysis
menti. posterior belly: base of medial aspect of mastoid process

INSERTION
Fibrous loop to lesser cornu of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and depresses mandible

NERVE
Anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve (V). posterior belly: facial nerve
(VII)
 DIGASTRIC (ANTERIOR VIEW)

ORIGIN
Anterior belly: digastric fossa on posterior surface of
symphysis menti. posterior belly : base of medial aspect
of mastoid process

INSERTION
Fibrous loop to lesser cornu of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates hyoid bone: Aids swallowing and depresses
mandible

NERVE
Anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve (V). posterior belly:
facial nerve (VII)
 FRONTALIS

ORIGIN
Occipital : highest nuchal line and mastoid process. Frontal:
superior fibers of upper facial muscles

INSERTION
Galeal aponeurosis

ACTION
Wrinkles forehead and fixes galeal aponeurosis

NERVE
Posterior auricular and temporal branches of facial (VII)
 GENIOGLOSSUS

ORIGIN
Superior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis
menti

INSERTION
Central mass of tongue and mucous membrane

ACTION
Protracts tongue

NERVE
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 GENIOHYOID

ORIGIN
Inferior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis
menti

INSERTION
Superior border of body of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates and protracts hyoid bone. Depresses mandible

NERVE
C1 fibers carried by hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 HYOGLOSSUS

ORIGIN
Superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone

INSERTION
Lateral sides of tongue

ACTION
Depresses tongue

NERVE
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 INFERIOR OBLIQUE

ORIGIN
Orbital surface of maxilla behind orbital margin

INSERTION
Post/inferior quadrant of sclera behind equator of eyeball

ACTION
Elevates eye in adduction. Laterally rotates eye in abduction

NERVE
Inferior division of oculomotor nerve (III)
 INFERIOR RECTUS

ORIGIN
Inferior tendinous ring within orbit

INSERTION
Inferior sclera anterior to equator of eyeball

ACTION
Depresses eye . Laterally rotates eye in adduction

NERVE
Inferior division of oculomotor nerve (III)
 INTRINSIC MUSCLE OF TONGUE

ORIGIN
Superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and
vertical elements

INSERTION
Mucous membrane, septum and other muscles of
tongue

ACTION
Alter shape of tongue and so aid mastication, speech
and swallowing

NERVE
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID

ORIGIN
Lateral aspect of arch of cricoid

INSERTION
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

ACTION
Adducts and medially rotates arytenoid cartilage (closes rima glottidis)

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 LATERAL PTERYGOID

ORIGIN
Upper head: infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone.
Lower head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

INSERTION
Pterygoid fovea below condyloid process of mandible and
intra-articular cartilage of temporomandibular joint

ACTION
Depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth. Pulls
forward cartilage of joint during opening of mouth

NERVE
Nerves to lateral pterygoid (anterior division of mandibular
nerve (V))
 LATERAL RECTUS

ORIGIN
Lateral tendinous ring within orbit

INSERTION
Lateral sclera anterior to equator of eyeball

ACTION
Abducts eye

NERVE
Abducent nerve (VI)
 LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS

ORIGIN
Anterior surface of maxilla below infraorbital foramen

INSERTION
Outer end of upper lip and modiolus

ACTION
Elevates angle of mouth

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS

ORIGIN
Medial infra-orbital margin

INSERTION
Skin and muscle of upper lip

ACTION
Elevates and everts upper lip

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NASI

ORIGIN
Upper frontal process of maxilla

INSERTION
Skin of lateral nostril and upper lip

ACTION
Dilates nostril and elevates upper lip

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS

ORIGIN
Inferior aspect of lesser wing of sphenoid bone

INSERTION
Superior tarsal plate and skin of upper eyelid

ACTION
Elevates and retracts upper eyelid

NERVE
Superior division of oculomotor nerve (III) and
sympathetic to smooth muscle portion
 LEVATOR VELI PALATINI

ORIGIN
Apex of inferior surface of petrous temporal bone and medial
rim of auditory tube

INSERTION
Palatine aponeurosis

ACTION
Elevates, retracts and lateral deviates soft palate. May open
auditory tube on swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers
from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 LONGUS CAPITUS

ORIGIN
Anterior tubercles of transverse proceses of C3-6

INSERTION
Anterior basilar occipital bone

ACTION
Flexes cervical spine and atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C1-3
 LONGUS COLLI

ORIGIN
Anterior body of T1-3, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of
C3-7.

INSERTION
Anterior arch of atlas (C1) and bodies of C2-4

ACTION
Flexes and rotates cervical spine

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C2-6
 MASSETER

ORIGIN
Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process
of maxilla

INSERTION
Lateral surface of angle and lower ramus of mandible

ACTION
Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth)

NERVE
Anterior division of mandibular nerve (V)
 MEDIAL PTERYGOID

ORIGIN
Deep head medial side of lateral pterygoid plate and fossa
between medial and lateral plates . Superficial head :
Tuberosity of maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone

INSERTION
Medial aspect of angle of mandible

ACTION
Elevates, protracts and laterally displaces mandible to
opposite side for chewing

NERVE
Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve
(V))
 MEDIAL RECTUS

ORIGIN
Medial tendinous ring within orbit

INSERTION
Medial sclera anterior to equator of eyeball

ACTION
Adducts eye

NERVE
Inferior division oculomotor nerve (III)
 MENTALIS

ORIGIN
Incisive fossa on anterior aspect of mandible

INSERTION
Skin of chin

ACTION
Elevates and wrinkles skin of chin and protrudes lower lip

NERVE
Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII)
 M. UVULAE

ORIGIN
Posterior border of hard palate

INSERTION
Palatine aponeurosis

ACTION
Shapes uvula

NERVE
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers
from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 MYLOHYOID

ORIGIN
Mylohyoid line on internal aspect of mandible

INSERTION
Anterior three quarters : midline raphe. posterior
quarter: superior border of body of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates hyoid bone, supports and raises floor of
mouth. Aids in mastication and swallowing

NERVE
Mylohyoid nerve (V)
 NASALIS (COMPRESSOR, DILATOR
AND DEPRESSOR)

ORIGIN
Frontal process of maxilla

INSERTION
Nasal aponeurosis

ACTION
Opens and closes nostrils , particularly in forced respiration

NERVE
Part of dilateralor nasalis is depressor septi from maxilla above
central incisor to immobile part of nasal septum
 OBLIQUE ARYTENOID

ORIGIN
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

INSERTION
superior pole of opposite arytenoid cartilage

ACTION
Adducts arytenoid cartilages (closes rima)

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 OMOHYOID

ORIGIN
Suprascapular ligament and adjacent scapula

INSERTION
Inferior border of body of hyoid bone

ACTION
Depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx

NERVE
Ansa cervicalis nerve (C1,2,3)
 ORBICULARIS OCULI

ORIGIN
Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and
lacrimal parts)

INSERTION
Lateral palpebral raphe

ACTION
Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears

NERVE
Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve (VII)
 ORBICULARIS ORIS

ORIGIN
Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and
modiolus at angle of mouth

INSERTION
Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at
modiolus

ACTION
Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges

NERVE
Accessory parts are incisivus labii superioris and inferioris
 PALATOGLOSSUS

ORIGIN
Palatine aponeurosis

INSERTION
Posterolateral tongue

ACTION
Elevates posterior tongue and closes oropharyngeal
isthmus and aids initiation of swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers
from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 PALATOPHARYNGEUS

ORIGIN
Palatine aponeurosis and posterior margin of hard palate

INSERTION
Upper border of thyroid cartilage and blends with constrictor
fibers. Upper fibers interdigitate with opposite side

ACTION
Elevates pharynx and larynx . Closes nasopharyngeal
isthmus in swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers
from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 PLATYSMA

ORIGIN
Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest

INSERTION
Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth

ACTION
Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression
of mandible

NERVE
Cervical branch of facial nerve (VII)
 POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID

ORIGIN
Posterior aspect of cricoid cartilage

INSERTION
Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

ACTION
Abducts and laterally rotates arytenoid cartilage (opens rima glottidis)

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 PROCERUS

ORIGIN
Nasal bone and cartilages

INSERTION
Skin of medial forehead

ACTION
Wrinkles and 'frowns' forehead

NERVE
Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 RECTUS CAPITUS ANTERIOR

ORIGIN
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

INSERTION
Basilar occipital bone anterior to occipital condyle

ACTION
Flexes atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C1
 RECTUS CAPITUS LATERALIS

ORIGIN
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

INSERTION
Jugular process of occipital bone

ACTION
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C1
 RISORIUS

ORIGIN
Deep fascia of face and parotid

INSERTION
Modiolus and skin at angle of mouth

ACTION
Retracts angle of mouth

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS

ORIGIN
Inferior cartilage and mucosa of pharyngeal orifice of auditory
tube

INSERTION
Upper border of thyroid cartilage and inferior constrictor
muscle fibers

ACTION
Elevates pharynx and larynx and aids swallowing . Opens
auditory canal during swallowing

NERVE
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers
from cranial accessory nerve (XI)
 SCALENUS ANTERIOR

ORIGIN
Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6

INSERTION
Scalene tubercle on superior aspect of 1st rib

ACTION
Accessory to inspiration. lateral flexion of neck when 1st rib fixed

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C5, 6
 SCALENUS MEDIUS

ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7

INSERTION
Superior aspect of neck of 1st rib

ACTION
Accessory to inspiration

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C3-8
 SCALENUS MINIMUS

ORIGIN
Anterior tubercle of transverse process of C7

INSERTION
Suprapleural membrane (Sibson's fascia)

ACTION
Supports suprapleural membrane

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C7
 SCALENUS POSTERIOR

ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-6

INSERTION
Post/lateral surface of 2nd rib

ACTION
Accessory to inspiration

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C6-8
 STAPEDIUS

ORIGIN
The pyramid (posterior wall of middle ear)

INSERTION
Neck of stapes

ACTION
Protects and critically damps ossicular chain

NERVE
Facial (VII), in middle ear
 STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

ORIGIN
Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial
third of clavicle

INSERTION
Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of
superior nuchal line

ACTION
Flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head
when acting together . Extends neck when neck already
partially extended

NERVE
Spinal accessory nerve (lateral roots C1-5)
 STERNOHYOID

ORIGIN
Superior lateral posterior aspect of manubrium

INSERTION
Inferior border of body of hyoid bone

ACTION
Depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx

NERVE
Ansa cervicalis nerve (C1, 2, 3)
 STERNOTHYROID

ORIGIN
Medial posterior aspect of manubrium

INSERTION
Oblique line of lamina of thyroid cartilage

ACTION
Depresses larynx

NERVE
Ansa cervicalis nerve (C1, 2, 3)
 STYLOGLOSSUS

ORIGIN
Anterior surface and apex of styloid process and upper
quarter of stylohyoid ligament

INSERTION
Superolateral sides of tongue

ACTION
Retracts and elevates tongue, aids initiation of swallowing

NERVE
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 STYLOHYOID

ORIGIN
Base of styloid process

INSERTION
Base of greater cornu of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and elevates
larynx

NERVE
Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII)
 STYLOHYOID (ANTERIOR VIEW)

ORIGIN
Base of styloid process

INSERTION
Base of greater cornu of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and
elevates larynx

NERVE
Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII)
 STYLOPHARYNGEUS

ORIGIN
Medial aspect of styloid process

INSERTION
Posterolateral border of thyroid cartilage

ACTION
Elevates larynx and pharynx . Aids swallowing

NERVE
Muscular branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
 SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

ORIGIN
Body of sphenoid above tendinous ring

INSERTION
Post/superior quadrant of sclera behind equator of eyeball

ACTION
Depresses eye in adduction. Medially rotates eye in abduction

NERVE
Trochlear nerve (IV)
 SUPERIOR RECTUS

ORIGIN
Superior tendinous ring within orbit

INSERTION
Superior sclera anterior to equator of eyeball

ACTION
Elevates eye. Medially rotates eye in adduction

NERVE
Superior division of oculomotor nerve (III)
 TEMPORALIS

ORIGIN
Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and
infratemporal crest

INSERTION
Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible

ACTION
Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retract

NERVE
Deep temporal branches from anterior division of
mandibular nerve (V)
 TEMPOROPARIETALIS

ORIGIN
Aponeurosis above auricularis

INSERTION
Galeal aponeurosis

ACTION
Fixes galeal aponeurosis

NERVE
Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 TENSOR TYMPANI

ORIGIN
Cartilaginous and bony margins of auditory tube

INSERTION
Handle of malleus (via processus trochleariformis)

ACTION
Protects and critically damps ossicular chain

NERVE
Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve
(V))
 TENSOR VELI PALATINI

ORIGIN
Scaphoid fossa and medial aspect of spine of sphenoid bone

INSERTION
Palatine aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid hamulus)

ACTION
Tenses soft palate prior to elevation

NERVE
Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve
(V))
 THYRO-ARYTENOID & VOCALIS

ORIGIN
Lower posterior surface of angle between laminae of thyroid cartilage

INSERTION
Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

ACTION
Shortens and relaxes vocal cords by medial rotation and protraction of arytenoid
cartilage

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 THYRO-EPIGLOTTICUS & VOCALIS

ORIGIN
Lower posterior surface of thyroid cartilage

INSERTION
Lateral border of epiglottis

ACTION
Aids closure of additus to larynx

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 THYROHYOID

ORIGIN
Oblique line of lamina of thyroid cartilage

INSERTION
Inferior border of body of hyoid bone

ACTION
Elevates larynx or depresses hyoid bone

NERVE
C1 fibers carried by hypoglossal nerve (XII)
 TRANSVERSE ARYTENOID

ORIGIN
Posterior surface and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

INSERTION
Corresponding surfaces of opposite cartilage

ACTION
Adducts arytenoid cartilage (closes rima glottidis)

NERVE
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X)
 ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR

ORIGIN
Anterior surface of zygomatic bone

INSERTION
Modiolus at angle of mouth

ACTION
Elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
 ZYGOMATICUS MINOR

ORIGIN
Lateral infra-orbital margin

INSERTION
Skin and muscle of upper lip

ACTION
Elevates and everts upper lip

NERVE
Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Thorax

Return to Index of Regions

● diaphragm
● intercostals external
● intercostals innermost
● intercostals internal
● levatores costarum
● pectoralis major
● pectoralis minor
● serratus anterior
● serratus posterior inferior
● serratus posterior superior
● subcostalis
● transversus thoracis

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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 DIAPHRAGM

ORIGIN
Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal:
medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs .
Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid

INSERTION
Central tendon

ACTION
Inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure

NERVE
Phrenic nerve (motor) (C3, 4, 5). Sensory: phrenic, intercostals
(6-12) and upper two lumbar nerve roots
 EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

ORIGIN
Inferior border of ribs as far back as posterior angles

INSERTION
Superior border of ribs below, passing obliquely
downwards and backwards

ACTION
Fix intercostal spaces during respiration. Aids forced
inspiration by elevating ribs

NERVE
Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves
 INNERMOST INTERCOSTALS

ORIGIN
Internal aspect of ribs above and below

INSERTION
Internal aspect of ribs above and below

ACTION
Fix intercostal spaces during respiration

NERVE
Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves
 INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

ORIGIN
Inferior border of ribs as far back as posterior angles

INSERTION
Superior border of ribs below , passing obliquely
downwards and backwards

ACTION
Fix intercostal spaces during espiration. Aids forced
inspiration by elevating ribs

NERVE
Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves
 SUBCOSTALIS

ORIGIN
Internal posterior aspects of lower six ribs

INSERTION
Internal aspects of ribs two to three levels below

ACTION
Depresses lower ribs

NERVE
Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves
 TRANSVERSUS THORACIS

ORIGIN
Lower third of inner aspect of sternum and lower three costosternal junctions

INSERTION
Second to sixth costal cartilages

ACTION
Depresses upper ribs

NERVE
Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Abdomen

Return to Index of Regions

● diaphragm
● external oblique abdominis
● internal oblique abdominis
● psoas major
● psoas minor
● pyramidalis
● quadratus lumborum
● rectus abdominis
● transversus abdominis

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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

ORIGIN
Anterior angles of lower eight ribs

INSERTION
Outer anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest,
and aponeurosis of anterior rectus sheath

ACTION
Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising
intraabdominal pressure and, with muscles of opposite side, abducts
and rotates trunk

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T7-12)
 INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

ORIGIN
Lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral two thirds of
inguinal ligament

INSERTION
Costal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and posterior ),
conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line

ACTION
Supports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-
abdominal pressure and, with muscles of other side , abducts and rotates
trunk. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T7-12) (conjoint tendon ilioinguinal nerve (L1))
 PSOAS MAJOR

ORIGIN
Transverse processes of L1-5, bodies of T12-L5 and
intervertebral discs below bodies of T12-L4

INSERTION
Middle surface of lesser trochanter of femur

ACTION
Flexes and medially rotates hip

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of L1,2
 PSOAS MINOR

ORIGIN
Bodies of T12 and L1 and intervening intervertebral disc

INSERTION
Fascia over psoas major and iliacus

ACTION
Weak flexor of trunk

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of L1
 PYRAMIDALIS

ORIGIN
Pubic crest anterior to origin of rectus abdominis

INSERTION
Lower linea alba

ACTION
Reinforces lower rectus sheath

NERVE
Subcostal nerve (T12)
 QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

ORIGIN
Inferior border of 12th rib

INSERTION
Apices of transverse processes of L1-4, iliolumbar ligament and
posterior third of iliac crest

ACTION
Fixes 12th rib during respiration and lateral flexes trunk

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T12-L3)
 RECTUS ABDOMINIS

ORIGIN
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

INSERTION
5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect
of xiphoid

ACTION
Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T7-12)
 TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

ORIGIN
Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral
half of inguinal ligament

INSERTION
Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon to
pubic crest and pectineal line

ACTION
Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-
abdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal
canal

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T7-12). Conjoint tendon ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum

Return to Index of Regions

● bulbospongiosus
● cremaster
● dartos
● deep transverse perinei
● gemellus inferior
● gemellus superior
● gluteus maximus
● gluteus medius
● gluteus minimus
● ishiocavernosus
● levator ani-coccygeus
● levator ani - iliococcygeus
● levator ani - pubococcygeus
● levator ani - puborectalis
● levator ani - pubovaginalis
● obturator internus (A)
● obturator internus (B)
● piriformis (A)
● piriformis (B)
● sphincter ani
● sphincter urethrae
● superficial transverse perinei

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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 BULBOSPONGIOSUS

ORIGIN
Perineal body (and midline raphe over corpus spongiosum in male)

INSERTION
Superficial perineal membrane and dorsal penile/clitoral aponeurosis

ACTION
Male:aids emptying of urine and ejaculate from urethra. Female: closes vaginal
introitus

NERVE
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)
 CREMASTER

ORIGIN
Lower border of internal oblique and transversus abdominis in inguinal
canal

INSERTION
Loops around spermatic cord and tunica vaginalis and some fibers return
to attach to pubic tubercle

ACTION
Retracts testis

NERVE
Genital branch (L2) of genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2)
 DARTOS

ORIGIN
Subcutaneous tissue of scrotum, superficial to superficial fascia
(Colles)

INSERTION
Skin and midline fibrous septum of scrotum

ACTION
Corrugates scrotal skin

NERVE
Sympathetic fibers from genital branch (L2) of genitofemoral
nerve (L1, 2)
 DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEI

ORIGIN
Medial aspect of ischiopubic ramus and body of ischium

INSERTION
Midline raphe and perineal body

ACTION
Fixes perineal body and supports pelvic viscera

NERVE
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)
 GEMELLUS INFERIOR

ORIGIN
Upper border of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION
Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1)
 GEMELLUS SUPERIOR

ORIGIN
Spine of ischium

INSERTION
Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, 2)
 GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line
and posterior third of iliac crest lumbar fascia, lateral
mass of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and
coccyx

INSERTION
Deepest quarter into gluteal tuberosity of femur,
remaining three quarters into iliotibial tract (anterior
surface of lateral condyle of tibia)

ACTION
Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee
extended via iliotibial tract

NERVE
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)
 GLUTEUS MEDIUS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines

INSERTION
Posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur

ACTION
Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on
walking

NERVE
Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)
 GLUTEUS MINIMUS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior
gluteal lines

INSERTION
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

ACTION
Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on
walking.

NERVE
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1)
 ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS

ORIGIN
Medial aspect of ischium and ischiopubic ramus

INSERTION
Inferolateral aponeurosis over crura of penis /clitoris

ACTION
Stabilizes erect penis

NERVE
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4 )
 COCCYGEUS

ORIGIN
Sacrospinous ligament

INSERTION
Anococcygeal body and coccyx

ACTION
Supports pelvic viscera

NERVE
anterior primary rami (perineal branches) of S4, 5
 ILIOCOCCYGEUS

ORIGIN
Posterior half of fascial line over obturator internus and
ischial spine

INSERTION
Anococcygeal body

ACTION
Supports pelvic viscera

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (perineal branches) of S3, 4
 PUBOCOCCYGEUS

ORIGIN
Posterior surface of pubis and anterior half of fascial
line over obturator internus

INSERTION
Anococcygeal body

ACTION
Supports pelvic viscera

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (perineal branches) of S3, 4
 PUBORECTALIS

ORIGIN
Posterior surface of pubis

INSERTION
Midline sling posterior to rectum

ACTION
Supports and aids continence of rectum by maintaining
anorectal angle

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (perineal branches) of S3, 4
 PUBOVAGINALIS

ORIGIN
Posterior surface of pubis

INSERTION
Midline raphe posterior to vagina /prostate

ACTION
Supports anterior pelvic viscera

NERVE
Anterior primary rami (perineal branches) of S3, 4
 OBTURATOR INTERNUS

ORIGIN
Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis
and ischium bordering membrane

INSERTION
Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1,2)
 OBTURATOR INTERNUS

ORIGIN
Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis
and ischium bordering membrane

INSERTION
Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, 2)
 PIRIFORMIS

ORIGIN
2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few
fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch

INSERTION
Anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of S1, 2
 PIRIFORMIS

ORIGIN
2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few
fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch

INSERTION
Anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of
femur

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Anterior primary rami of S1, 2
 SPHINCTER ANI

ORIGIN
Circular anatomical sphincter

INSERTION
Deep, superficial and subcutaneous portions

ACTION
Maintains continence of faeces

NERVE
Inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)
 SPHINCTER URETHRAE

ORIGIN
Circular anatomical sphincter

INSERTION
Fuses with deep transverse perinei

ACTION
Maintains continence of urine

NERVE
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
 SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEI

ORIGIN
Body of ischium

INSERTION
Perineal body

ACTION
Fixes perineal body

NERVE
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)
Master Muscle List
Muscles of the Lower Limb

Return to Index of Regions

● abductor digiti minimi (foot)

● abductor hallucis
● adductor brevis
● adductor hallucis
● adductor longus
● adductor magnus
● articularis genu
● biceps femoris
● extensor digitorum brevis (foot)
● extensor digitorum longus (foot)
● extensor hallucis brevis
● extensor hallucis longus
● flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
● flexor digitorum brevis
● flexor digitorum longus (foot)
● flexor hallucis brevis
● flexor hallucis longus
● gastrocnemius
● gemellus inferior
● gemellus superior
● gluteus maximus
● gluteus medius
● gluteus minimus
● gracilis
● iliacus
● interossei - dorsal of foot
● interossei - plantar of foot
● lumbricals of foot (4)
● obturator externus
● obturator internus (A)
● obturator internus (B)
● pectineus
● peroneus brevis
● peroneus longus
● peroneus tertius
● piriformis (A)
● piriformis (B)
 ● plantaris
● popliteus
● quadratus femoris
● quadratus plantae
● rectus femoris
● sartorius
● semimembranosus
● semitendinosus
● soleus
● tensor fasciae lata
● tibialis anterior
● tibialis posterior
● vastus intermedius
● vastus lateralis
● vastus medialis

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Updated: May 16, 1996

Created: March 1, 1996
 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (foot)

ORIGIN
Medial and lateral processes of posterior calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th metatarsal

ACTION
Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports lateral longitudinal arch

NERVE
Lateral plantar (S2,3)
 ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

ORIGIN
Medial process of posterior calcaneal tuberosity & flexor retinaculum

INSERTION
Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of big toe via medial sesamoid

ACTION
Flexes and abducts big toe. Supports medial longitudinal arch

NERVE
Medial plantar nerve (S1,2)
 ADDUCTOR BREVIS

ORIGIN
Inferior ramus and body of pubis

INSERTION
Upper third of linea aspera

ACTION
Adducts hip

NERVE
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3)
 ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

ORIGIN
Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals. Transverse head: plantar
metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament

INSERTION
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral sesamoid.

ACTION
Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports
transverse arch

NERVE
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3)
 ADDUCTOR LONGUS

ORIGIN
Body of pubis inferior and medial to pubic tubercle

INSERTION
Lower two thirds of medial linea aspera

ACTION
Adducts and medially rotates hip

NERVE
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3)
 ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

ORIGIN
Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant
of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION
Adductor portion: lower gluteal line and linea aspera. Hamstring portion:
adductor tubercle

ACTION
Adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates hip. Hamstring portion:
extends hip

NERVE
Adductor portion: posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-4). Hamstring
portion: tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3)
 ARTICULARIS GENU

ORIGIN
Two slips from anterior femur below vastus intermedialius

INSERTION
Apex of suprapatellar bursa

ACTION
Retracts bursa as knee extends

NERVE
Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
 BICEPS FEMORIS

ORIGIN
Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short
head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

INSERTION
Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial
condyle

ACTION
Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip

NERVE
Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head: common peroneal portion of
sciatic nerve (both L5, S1)
 EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

ORIGIN
Superior surface of anterior calcaneus

INSERTION
Four tendon into proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to
toes 2, 3 and 4

ACTION
Extends toes when foot fully dorsiflexed

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
 EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

ORIGIN
Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and superior
tibiofibular joint

INSERTION
Extensor expansion of lateral four toes

ACTION
Extends toes and extends foot at ankle

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
 EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Superior surface of anterior calcaneus

INSERTION
Proximal phalanx of big toe

ACTION
Extends great toe

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
 EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Middle half of anterior shaft of fibula

INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of great toe

ACTION
Extends big toe and foot. Inverts foot and tightens subtalar joints

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
 FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS

ORIGIN
Base of 5th metatarsal and sheath of peroneus longus

INSERTION
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

ACTION
Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

NERVE
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3)
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

ORIGIN
Medial process of posterior calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION
Four tendons to four lateral toes to borders of middle phalanx.Tendons of
flexor digitorum longus pass through them

ACTION
Flexes lateral four toes, Supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches

NERVE
Medial plantar nerve (S1, 2)
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

ORIGIN
Posterior shaft of tibia below soleal line and by broad aponeurosis from fibula

INSERTION
Base of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

ACTION
Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes and foot at ankle. Supports lateral
longitudinal arch

NERVE
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
 FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Cuboid, lateral cuneiform and tibialis posterior insertion over the two
remaining cuneiforms

INSERTION
Medial tendon to medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe. Lateral
tendon to lateral side of same, both via sesamoids

ACTION
Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports medial longitudinal
arch

NERVE
Medial plantar nerve (S2, 3)
 FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Lower two thirds of posterior fibula between median crest and posterior
border, lower intermuscular septum and aponeurosis of flexor digitorum
longus

INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of big toe and slips to medial two tendons of flexor
digitorum longus

ACTION
Flexes distal phalanx of big toe, flexes foot at ankle, supports medial
longitudinal arch

NERVE
Tibial nerve (S2, 3)
 GASTROCNEMIUS

ORIGIN
Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three
facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial
condyle

INSERTION
Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus

ACTION
Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee

NERVE
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
 GRACILIS

ORIGIN
Outer surface of ischiopubic ramus

INSERTION
Upper medial shaft of tibia below sartorius

ACTION
Adducts hip. Flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee

NERVE
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3)
 ILIACUS

ORIGIN
Iliac fossa within abdomen

INSERTION
Lowermost surface of lesser trochanter of femur

ACTION
Flexes medially rotates hip

NERVE
Femoral nerve in abdomen (L2,3)
 DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT)

ORIGIN
Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metatarsals

INSERTION
Bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of medial side of
2nd toe and lateral sides of 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes

ACTION
Abduct 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes from axis of 2nd toe. Assist lumbricals in
extending interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints

NERVE
lateral plantar nerve (1-3: deep branch; 4: superficial branch) (S2, 3)
 PLANTAR INTEROSSEI

ORIGIN
Inferomedial shafts of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsals (single heads)

INSERTION
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges with slips to dorsal extensor
expansions of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes

ACTION
Adduct 3rd 4th and 5th toes to axis of 2nd toe, Assist lumbricals in extending
interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints

NERVE
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)
 LUMBRICALS

ORIGIN
Lateral 3: bipennate origin from cleft between the four tendons of
flexor digitorum longus . medial 1: unipennate origin from medial
aspect of 1st tendon

INSERTION
Dorsal extensor expansion

ACTION
Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex metatarsal phalangeal
joints

NERVE
First: medial plantar nerve (L4,5). 2-4: deep branch of lateral plantar
nerve (S2,3)
 OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

ORIGIN
Outer obturator membrane , rim of pubis and ischium
bordering it

INSERTION
Trochanteric fossa on medial surface of greater
trochanter

ACTION
laterally rotates hip

NERVE
Posterior division of obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
 PECTINEUS

ORIGIN
Pectineal line of pubis and narrow area of superior
pubic ramus below it

INSERTION
A verticle line between spiral line and gluteal crest
below lesser trochanter of femur

ACTION
Flexes, adducts and medially rotates hip

NERVE
Anterior division of femoral nerve (L2, 3). Occasional
twig from obturator nerve (anterior division - L2,3)
 PERONEUS BREVIS

ORIGIN
Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula

INSERTION
Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

ACTION
Plantar* flexes and everts foot . Supports lateral longitudinal arch

NERVE
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
 PERONEUS LONGUS

ORIGIN
Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula , head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint

INSERTION
Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long
plantar ligament

ACTION
Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches

NERVE
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5,S1)
 PERONEUS TERTIUS

ORIGIN
Third quarter of anterior shaft of fibula

INSERTION
Shaft and base of 5th metatarsal

ACTION
Extends and everts foot

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L5,S1)
 PLANTARIS

ORIGIN
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius

INSERTION
Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)

ACTION
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

NERVE
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
 POPLITEUS

ORIGIN
Posterior shaft of tibia above soleal line and below tibial condyles

INSERTION
Middle of three facets on lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur. Tendon passes
into capsule of knee to posterior part of lateral meniscus

ACTION
Unlocks extended knee by lateral rotation of femur on tibia. Pulls back lateral
meniscus

NERVE
Tibial nerve (L5,S1)
 QUADRATUS FEMORIS

ORIGIN
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION
Quadrate tubercle of femur and a vertical line below
this to the level of lesser trocanter

ACTION
laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

NERVE
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1)
 QUADRATUS PLANTAE

ORIGIN
Lateral head-tuberosity of calcaneus, medial head-medial side of
calcaneus

INSERTION
Lateral border long flexor tendons

ACTION
Flexes toes

NERVE
Lateral plantar (S2,S3)
 RECTUS FEMORIS

ORIGIN
Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head: ilium above acetabulum

INSERTION
Quadriceps tendon to patella , via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia

ACTION
Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip

NERVE
Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
 SARTORIUS

ORIGIN
Immediately below anterior superior iliac spine

INSERTION
Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia

ACTION
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee

NERVE
Anterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
 SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

ORIGIN
Upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION
Medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique
popliteal ligament

ACTION
Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip

NERVE
Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
 SEMITENDINOSUS

ORIGIN
Upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION
Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis

ACTION
Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip

NERVE
Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
 SOLEUS

ORIGIN
Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of
posterior shaft of fibula including neck

INSERTION
Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus

ACTION
Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)

NERVE
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
 TENSOR FASCIA LATA

ORIGIN
Outer surface of anterior iliac crest between tubercle of the iliac
crest and anterior superior iliac spine

INSERTION
Iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia)

ACTION
Maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximus) and abducts
hip

NERVE
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1)
 TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

ORIGIN
Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

ACTION
Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot

NERVE
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5)
 TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

ORIGIN
Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve crest
and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane

INSERTION
Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring ligament

ACTION
Plantar flexes and inverts foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

NERVE
Tibial nerve (L4, 5)
 VASTUS INTERMEDIALIS

ORIGIN
Anterior and lateral shaft of femur

INSERTION
Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia

ACTION
Extends knee

NERVE
Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
 VASTUS LATERALIS

ORIGIN
Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral
supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum

INSERTION
Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia

ACTION
Extends knee

NERVE
Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)
 VASTUS MEDIALIS

ORIGIN
Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial
intermuscular septum

INSERTION
Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum
patellae into tubercle of tibia

ACTION
Extends knee. Stabilizes patella

NERVE
Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)