MODULE 1: THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
This module is an introductory part. It will be presenting the definition and nature of
Mathematics. A video presentation “Math from a Biblical Worldview” available at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcKi2t54djk helps us out in looking at its aesthetic
value. You are also tasked to read Ian’s Stewart’s “Nature's Numbers: the Unreal Reality of
Mathematics” available at
https://www.academia.edu/36950343/Ian_stewart_numerele_naturii.
The target learning outcomes of Module 1 are: a) articulate the importance of
mathematics in one’s life; b) express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.
The Meaning of Mathematics and Its Characteristics
Mathematics may be viewed in different perspectives. In its wildest significance, it is
the development of all types of formal deductive reasoning. Generally, it is said to be the
science of calculation. Others view it as a science of numbers and space and others say
that it is a science of measurement, quantity and magnitude. Locke said “Mathematics is a
way to settle in the mind of children a habit of reasoning.” It is a discipline investigating
“formal structures” (Bernays), it is the “science of orders” (Russell), it is the “science of order
in progression” (Hamilton). Mathematics has been seen also as a logical construct that is
based on a lot of axioms of either set theory or number theory.
Traditionally, mathematics is presented deductively at school. And is often
perceived as well structured and problems are algorithmically approached. Merriam
dictionary defines mathematics as the science of numbers and their operations,
interrelations, combinations, generalizations, and abstractions and of space configurations
of their structure, measurement, transformations and generalizations.
Mathematics is derived from the ancient word manthanein meaning "to learn". The
Greek root mathesis means "knowledge" or its other form máthema meaning science,
knowledge, or learning, and mathematikós or mathemata means "fond of learning". These
might have been the notion of the early mathematicians and philosophers that is why they
continue to seek for knowledge and the truth. Mathematics could then be defined as
a desire for a particular kind of knowing. Knowing that is self-contained on the individual or
may be seen as an autonomous thinking (Schaaf, 1963).
Mathematics is described in so many ways that fits within the area of human
knowledge. Basically it is seen as a study of patterns and relations. It is also a way of
thinking. Mathematics is seen as an art which is characterized by order and internal
consistency. It is a language that uses carefully defined terms and symbols. Thus,
mathematics is a tool (Reys, Lindquist, Lambdin, Smith and Suydam, 2004).
Mathematics has five basic characteristics’ namely: precision, definition, reasoning,
coherence, and purposefulness. They are not independent of each other. It is precise in
the sense that mathematical statements are clear and unambiguous. It is clear what is
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known and what is not known. Definitions abound in mathematics. It is the bedrock of
mathematical structure and the platform that supports reasoning. Reasoning is the
lifeblood of mathematics. It is the engine that drives proving and problem solving. Its
absence is the root cause of the learning by rote approach. Concepts and skills are
interwoven in mathematics. And lastly, mathematics is goal-oriented, and for every
concept or skill there is a purpose for it.
Hardy (1941) states that the beauty of mathematics resides in the fact that
mathematics is all about, not just patterns, but patterns of ideas. Devlin defines
mathematics as the “science of patterns” and then more fully as: “the science of order,
patterns, structure, and logical relationships” (Devlin, 2001, p. 73). Mathematics has also
often been described as the language of science. Since the mixture of symbols and words
is so powerfully descriptive and communicative perhaps the definition: “mathematics is the
language of the science of order, patterns, structure and logical relationships” may be
considered. Whatever form or way one defines mathematics so long as it becomes
meaningful to the user then it would be a definition for that user.
Practice Exercise 1-1: After reading Ian Stewart’s Natures Numbers:
1. List down events that are related to your field of specialization.
2. What concepts of Mathematics are of importance to your field?
3. What is the role of Mathematics in your field?
Write your answers in the designated submission bin in our Google classroom.
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means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 17
