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Cooling Tower Lab Report

Cooling towers are heat exchangers that use direct contact between hot water and cool dry air to remove waste heat from the water and release it into the atmosphere. As the hot water flows down through the tower, some water evaporates, cooling the remaining water and increasing the temperature and humidity of the exiting air. Different types of cooling towers exist depending on factors like whether air flows perpendicular or parallel to the falling water. Laboratory-scale cooling towers can be used to study heat transfer and energy balances by controlling parameters like blower speed and water flow rate.

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hamza A.lafta
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71 views2 pages

Cooling Tower Lab Report

Cooling towers are heat exchangers that use direct contact between hot water and cool dry air to remove waste heat from the water and release it into the atmosphere. As the hot water flows down through the tower, some water evaporates, cooling the remaining water and increasing the temperature and humidity of the exiting air. Different types of cooling towers exist depending on factors like whether air flows perpendicular or parallel to the falling water. Laboratory-scale cooling towers can be used to study heat transfer and energy balances by controlling parameters like blower speed and water flow rate.

Uploaded by

hamza A.lafta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

0 Introduction

Cooling tower is a specialised heat rejection device. It is a heat exchanger that involved the
direct contact of hot water and cool dry air to extracts waste heat and release it to the atmosphere.
During this heat transfer process, a small amount of water is evaporated causing the air temperature
and the air humidity to increase to a certain degree. A cooling tower is applied in different fields and
industries including oil refineries, petrochemical industries, nuclear power plant food processing plant
and electric power generation plant.

Water which has been heated by industries processes is pumped to the top of the cooling
tower. Nozzle is used to spray the hot water evenly around the cooling tower. In an open circuit
cooling tower, hot water flows down the cooling tower through gravitational forces to pass through a
series of labyrinth-like packing structure. This is because the packed column increases the contact
area of hot water and dry air to maximize the air-water interface. As the water flows through the
cooling tower, electric air blower is used to supply the flow of air so that heat exchange is able to
occur between the hot water and cool dry air. After the water is cooled down, it is sent back to the
industries processing unit to absorb heat.

Different type of cooling tower is applied in the cooling system depending on the function of
it. As water flowing down the cooling tower only uses gravitational energy therefore most of the
cooling tower uses the same concept because it doesn’t require any additional power source.
However, the dry air flow is usually manipulated by placing the electric fan at different position.
Cooling tower can be divided into cross flow cooling tower and counter flow cooling tower. Cross
flow cooling tower allows the air to flow perpendicular to flow of water while counter flow cooling
tower allows the water to flow vertically upward. Cooling tower can also be distinguished by the
position of electric fan. The flow of air can be pulled or blew by the electric fan, induced draft cooling
tower pulls the air to the top of cooling tower while forced draft cooling tower blows the air from the
bottom of the cooling tower.

Laboratory-scale cooling tower replicates the function of an industries process cooling tower
for study and experiment purposes. The electric flower of cooling tower in the laboratory can be
controlled. This is used to study the amount of heat transfer and the mass of energy balance in a
closed system. The overall performance of a cooling tower can be affected by adjusting the parameter,
blower speed and water flow rate for examples. The latent heat of evaporation is the energy needed
for water in liquid form to change into gas particles. The amount of latent heat of evaporation is
shown when the heat of hot water is removed due to the difference in temperature.

1
4.0 Methods

Cooling tower is set up with electric power supplied to it. The water tank of cooling tower
must always be refill because of the evaporation occurred during the heat transfer progress between
the dry air and hot water in the cooling tower. This can be done using the make-up tank which is
located right above the water tank. The make-up tank must be filled with water manually using
measuring cylinder until it is more than half of the volume. When the level of water tank is below a
certain degree, the solenoid valve will open and allows the water from the make-up tank to supply
water to the water tank.

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