OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY &

HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT

(DTS1353)

Chapter: Introduction to Hazard and Risk

Management
 Learning Outcome

• Understand the meaning of risk

management
• Able to explain the step in risk
management
• Familiar with risk assessment
• Able to explain the step in risk
assessment
 Identify
Control
Philosophy Of the
Risk
the Risk
Hazards
Management

Assess the Risk

3
 Start

Classify Activities (work, Product,

Services, Activities
The Process Identify hazards
of Risk
Management Assess the Risk

Develop Risk control

Review Risk Control

4
 What is Risk Assessment Process ?
When To Carry Out Risk Assessment
Why Carry Out Risk Assessment?
Why is Risk Assessment Important ?
How To Assess Risk in the Workplace ?

5
 What is Risk Assessment
Process ?

• The process of Evaluating the Risks to Safety and Health

arising from hazards at work.
• Involves looking at the possibility of injury occurring to a
person if exposed to a hazard.
• Think of how many people are exposed to each hazard
and for how long.

6
 When To Carry Out Risk
Assessment??

You should carry out an assessment before you

do the work that gives rise to the risk.
When establishing :
• New organisation
• New work
• New process
• New technologies

7
 Why Carry Out Risk Assessment?

• Gives organisations a more effective way of

managing hazards
• Requirement of the law e.g.
• Requirement of management system standards:

8
 Why Is Risk Assessment
Important?

A risk assessment helps to prevent accidents and ill

health to you, your workers and members of the public.
Accidents and ill health can destroyed and severely
damaged life and harm your business too if output is
lost, equipment is damaged, insurance costs increase or
you have to go to court.
You are legally required to assess the risks in your
workplace so that you can put in place a plan to control
the risks.
9
 How do I do a
Risk Assessment?

STEP 1: Look for the hazards

STEP 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
STEP 3: Evaluate the risks and decide whether the
existing precautions are adequate or whether
more should be done
STEP 4: Record your findings
STEP 5: Review your assessment and revise it if necessary

10
 How To Assess Risk in
the Workplace ?...

STEP 1: Look for the hazards

- Walk around your workplace and look afresh at what could

reasonably be expected to cause harm
- Ask the employees or their representatives what they think.
- Manufacturers’ instructions, data sheets, accident and ill-health
records can help in spotting hazards and put risks in their true
perspective

11
 How To Assess
Risk in the
Workplace ?.....

STEP 2: Decide who might be harmed and how

• Young workers, trainees

• Cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers, etc who
may not be in the workplace all the time
• Members of the public, or people you share your workplace with,
if there is a chance they could be hurt by your activities.

12
 How To Assess
Risk in the
Workplace ?....

STEP 3: Evaluate the risks and decide whether the existing precautions are
adequate or whether more should be done

Consider how likely it is that each hazard could cause harm. This will determine whether
or not you need to do more to reduce the risk.

What you have to decide for each significant hazard is whether this remaining risk is
High, Medium or Low.

Your real aim is to make all Risks Small by adding to your precautions as necessary.

13
 How To Assess Risk in
the Workplace ?....

STEP 4: Record your findings

Writing down the results of your risk assessment, and sharing them with your staff. It is
important for employers to record their assessments and to
show clearly how assessments were made and conclusions reached. The record should
contain at least:
• a description of the process/activity assessed
• identification of the significant risks
• identification of any group of workers at particular risk
• date of assessment and where appropriate of the next review
• name of the person carrying out the assessment

There is a HIRAC template that can used for record purposes!

14
 How To Assess Risk
in the Workplace ?

STEP 5: Review your assessment and revise it if necessary

Few workplaces stay the same. Sooner or later, you will bring in new equipment, substances
and procedures that could lead to new hazards. It makes sense, therefore, to review what
you are doing on an ongoing basis. Every year or so formally review where you are, to make
sure you are still improving, or at least not sliding back.

Look at your risk assessment again.....

• Have there been any changes?

• Are there improvements you still need to make?
• Have your workers spotted a problem?
• Have you learnt anything from accidents or near misses?

Make sure your risk assessment stays up to date......

15
 DEFINITION

HAZARD ?
RISK ?
DANGER ?

16
 WHAT IS HAZARD??

Anything that can cause harm to people or damage to

property, the environment or combination of these.
(e.g Chemicals, Electrical current, working at height etc)
Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms
of human injury or ill health, damage to property,
damage to the workplace environment, or a
combination of these. (OHSAS 18001)

17
 HAZARD
• HAZARD
a source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health,
damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.

• HAZARD CONTROL
the process of implementing measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard.

• HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
the established priority order for the types of measures to be used to control risks.

• HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
the identification of undesired events that lead to the materialization of the hazard and
the mechanism by which those undesired events could occur.
 WHAT IS RISK ?

The chance, great or small, that someone will

be harmed by the hazard
“the chance that something that will have an
impact upon objectives” (AS/NZS 4360:1999)
Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s)
of a specified hazardous event occurring (ISO 45001)

19
 RISK

• RISK
a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or
damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of
these caused by the event.

• RISK ASSESSMENT
the process of evaluating the risks to safety and health arising from hazards at
work.

• RISK MANAGEMENT
the total procedure associated with identifying a hazard, assessing the risk,
putting in place control measures, and reviewing the outcomes.
Risk is estimated by calculation:

Risk = Likelihood x Severity

21
 OTHER CLASSIFICATION OF RISK

• Voluntary Risk
– Smoking
– Alcohol and Marijuana intake

• Involuntary Risk
– Infectious Disease
– Natural Disaster

22
OTHER CLASSIFICATION OF RISK

23
 ALARP
Consideration

The benefits of the activity

The social and economic factors involved
The cost of reducing the risk must not be
grossly disproportionate to the risk.
 (The higher the risk the greater the
spending to reduce it)
24
 WHAT IS DANGER ?

Exposure or vulnerability to harm or risk or a source or

an instance of risk
 Inter-relationship between hazard, risk and danger can be
understand more with the following example;

 Concentrated Hydrochloric acid is one of the most chemical

hazard because of the intrinsic corrosive factor, which can harmful
to health and some materials. High risk to the worker works with
this acid without face shield. It is danger to use mouth to draw
HCL into a pipette.

Copyright@N 25
National Institute Of Occupational
CONSTRUCTION Safety
AND INDUSTRIALIOSH
SAFETY
2003 And Health
TRAINING (NIOSH)
COLLEGE
Inter-relationship between hazard, risk and danger can
be understand more with the following example;

Concentrated Hydrochloric acid is one of the most

chemical hazard because of the intrinsic corrosive factor,
which can harmful to health and some materials. High
risk to the worker works with this acid without face
shield. It is danger to use mouth to draw HCL into a
pipette.
Copyright@N 26
National Institute Of Occupational
CONSTRUCTION Safety
AND INDUSTRIALIOSH
SAFETY
2003 And Health
TRAINING (NIOSH)
COLLEGE
 Hazard

High Risk
Danger
 a source or a situation with a total procedures associated
potential for harm in terms of with identifying a hazard,
human injury or ill health, damage assessing the risk, putting in
to property and to environment place the control measures,
Hazard or a combination of these. and reviewing the outcomes.

process of implementing
measures to reduce the risk
Risk
associated with a hazard. Management

Hazard control combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of a hazardous and the
severity of injury or damage to the
health of people, property, environment
Risk or any combination of these.
established the priority order
for the types of measures to Risk
be used to control risks. identification of undesired Assessment
events.

Hierarchy of evaluating the risks to safety

Control Hazard and health.
Identification

Terms and definition