Ogive Definition
The Ogive is defined as the frequency distribution graph of a
series. The Ogive is a graph of a cumulative distribution, which
explains data values on the horizontal plane axis and either the
cumulative relative frequencies, the cumulative frequencies or
cumulative per cent frequencies on the vertical axis.
Cumulative frequency is defined as the sum of all the previous
frequencies up to the current point.
To find the popularity of the given data or the likelihood of the
data that fall within the certain frequency range, Ogive curve
helps in finding those details accurately.
Create the Ogive by plotting the point corresponding to the
cumulative frequency of each class interval. Most of the
Statisticians use Ogive curve, to illustrate the data in the pictorial
representation. It helps in estimating the number of observations
which are less than or equal to the particular value.
Ogive Graph
The graphs of the frequency distribution are frequency graphs
that are used to exhibit the characteristics of discrete and
continuous data. Such figures are more appealing to the eye than
the tabulated data. It helps us to facilitate the comparative study
of two or more frequency distributions. We can relate the shape
and pattern of the two frequency distributions.
The two methods of Ogives are:
Less than Ogive
Greater than or more than Ogive
The graph given above represents less than and the greater than
Ogive curve. The rising curve (Brown Curve) represents the less
than Ogive, and the falling curve (Green Curve) represents the
greater than Ogive.
Less than Ogive
The frequencies of all preceding classes are added to the
frequency of a class. This series is called the less than cumulative
series. It is constructed by adding the first-class frequency to the
second-class frequency and then to the third class frequency and
so on. The downward cumulation results in the less than
cumulative series.
Greater than or More than Ogive
The frequencies of the succeeding classes are added to the
frequency of a class. This series is called the more than or greater
than cumulative series. It is constructed by subtracting the first
class, second class frequency from the total, third class frequency
from that and so on. The upward cumulation result is greater than
or more than the cumulative series.
Ogive Chart
An Ogive Chart is a curve of the cumulative frequency distribution
or cumulative relative frequency distribution. For drawing such a
curve, the frequencies must be expressed as a percentage of the
total frequency. Then, such percentages are cumulated and
plotted, as in the case of an Ogive. Below are the steps to
construct the less than and greater than Ogive.
How to Draw Less Than Ogive Curve?
Draw and mark the horizontal and vertical axes.
Take the cumulative frequencies along the y-axis (vertical
axis) and the upper-class limits on the x-axis (horizontal
axis).
Against each upper-class limit, plot the cumulative
frequencies.
Connect the points with a continuous curve.
How to Draw Greater than or More than Ogive Curve?
Draw and mark the horizontal and vertical axes.
Take the cumulative frequencies along the y-axis (vertical
axis) and the lower-class limits on the x-axis (horizontal
axis).
Against each lower-class limit, plot the cumulative
frequencies
Connect the points with a continuous curve.
Uses of Ogive Curve
Ogive Graph or the cumulative frequency graphs are used to find
the median of the given set of data. If both, less than and greater
than, cumulative frequency curve is drawn on the same graph, we
can easily find the median value. The point in which, both the
curve intersects, corresponding to the x-axis, gives the median
value. Apart from finding the medians, Ogives are used in
computing the percentiles of the data set values.
Ogive Example
