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FOSSILS

This document provides an overview of fossils and geological time for a Grade 12 biology class. It defines fossils as the remains or evidence of living things from prehistoric times, and discusses different types of fossils like original remains, molds and casts, and trace fossils. The document explains principles of geological time like superposition and cross-cutting relationships that allow geologists to determine the relative ages of fossils. It also distinguishes between relative dating techniques, which determine the age of one object compared to another, and absolute dating techniques, which can determine the exact age of a rock based on properties of its atomic minerals.

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Irish Nicole Bigtas
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85 views41 pages

FOSSILS

This document provides an overview of fossils and geological time for a Grade 12 biology class. It defines fossils as the remains or evidence of living things from prehistoric times, and discusses different types of fossils like original remains, molds and casts, and trace fossils. The document explains principles of geological time like superposition and cross-cutting relationships that allow geologists to determine the relative ages of fossils. It also distinguishes between relative dating techniques, which determine the age of one object compared to another, and absolute dating techniques, which can determine the exact age of a rock based on properties of its atomic minerals.

Uploaded by

Irish Nicole Bigtas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL

BIOLOGY 2
Grade 12

MARYLOU N. BOGÑALBAL
SHS Teacher
Tabaco National High School
1. Define fossil.
2. Analyze and identify types of fossils.
3. Explain the importance of fossil in
studying Earth’s climate, biological
and geological events.
4. Describe how to determine the age of
fossils.
Fossils are the remains of living
things.
DO FOSSILS TO BE
THE ACTUAL
REMAINS OF A
LIVING THING?
Do you think this
is a fossil? Why
or why not?

Bird footprints
Fossils are the
remains or evidence
of living things.
Do you think the
mummy is a fossil?
Why or why not?
No, Egyptian mummy is
not a fossil.

Fossils are the


natural remains or
evidence of living
things.
A hieroglyph was a
character of the
ancient Egyptian
writing system.

FOSSIL OR NOT ?
Fossils are the natural remains
or evidence of living things from
prehistoric times.
BONES OF A
CAVEMAN
FOSSIL OR
NOT?
What do you
think it shows?
DENDRITE
FOSSIL OR NOT?
FOSSIL VS DENDRITE

NOT FLAT FLAT


What is amber?

Fossilized tree
sap.
This is a fossil
Gnat preserved in
amber in a fossil.
LEARNING CHECKPOINT

?
PETRIFIED
FOSSIL

?
ORIGINAL
REMAINS ?
MOLD AND
CAST

TYPES OF
FOSSILS

?
TRACE
FOSSIL ?
CARBON
FILM
PETRIFIED FOSSIL
MOLD - hollow area in rock in the shape
of an organism/part of an organism.

MOLD AND CAST


CARBON FILM
TRACE FOSSIL
ORIGINAL REMAINS
ARE FOSSILS
IMPORTANT?
ANATOMY

ARE FOSSILS
IMPORTANT?
An old human
body preserved Hieroglyph Dendrite
in a peat bog.

Fossil dinosaur Mold and


nest. Trace fossils
Cast

Original remains
Fossil worm
Coprolite Carbon
burrow
film
PRINCIPLES BEHIND
GEOLOGIC TIME
SCALE
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

The layer on
the bottom
was
deposited
first and so is
the oldest.
PRINCIPLE OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY

All rock
layers were
originally
deposited
horizontally.
PRINCIPLES OF LATERAL CONTUITY

Originally
deposited layers
of rock extend
laterally in all
directions until
either broken up
or displaced by
later events
PRINCIPLES Of BIOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Each age in the
Earth’s history is
unique such that fossil
remains will be unique.
This permits vertical
and horizontal
correlation of the rock
layers based on fossil
species
PRINCIPLES OF CROSS-CUTTING
RELATIONSHIP

A rock feature
cuts across
another feature
must be younger
than the rock
that it cuts.
INCLUSION PRINCIPLE

Small fragments of
one type of rock but
embedded in a
second type of rock
must have formed
first and were
included when the
second was forming.
HOW DO
GEOLOGISTS
DETERMINE THE
AGE OF
FOSSILS?
RELATIVE DATING VS ABSOLUTE DATING

❑Relative aging - determining the age of one


object compared to the age of another, not the
exact age of an object.

❑Absolute aging - age of rock is based on


properties of atoms that make up the minerals of
a rock.
5
3
2 4
1
L 5
P P 4

G G 3
Y
Z6
Y 2
B B 1
5
4
6 3

2 1

7
THANK
YOU!

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