03:01-04
Issue 2 en
Fuel system
Mechanical governor, RQV and RQ
© Scania CV AB 1999-01, Sweden
1 586 673
Contents
Contents
Function Description All speed governor, RQV
General............................................................ 3
Function Description ...................................... 4
Operational feature ......................................... 5
Idle and full speed governor, RQ
General............................................................ 7
Function Description ...................................... 8
Operational feature ....................................... 10
Smoke limiter................................................ 12
Cold start function ........................................ 12
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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General
Function Description
All speed governor, RQV
General
The governor is intended to maintain an engine Surging speed is caused by the engine working
speed that corresponds to the throttle position. with excess air which prevents a reduction of
the fill level in the engine cylinders when the
Without a governor the engine speed would engine speed is increased.
decrease until the engine stops or increase to
surging speed. The centrifugal weights of the governor move
throughout the whole engine speed range.
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1
9
10 2
11
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12 4
13
5
6
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RQV-K governor
1 Rocker arm 8 Control rack
2 Link 9 Setting nut
3 Fulcrum lever 10 Outer spring seat
4 Guide arm 11 Governor spring
5 Governor retainer 12 Centrifugal weight
6 Angular lever 13 Inner spring seat
7 Camplate
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Function Description
Function Description
General
Each control lever position corresponds to a Inversely, if the engine speed rises when
specific engine speed where breakaway starts. driving downhill, the control rack is pressed
towards the stop position, the sliding bolt
The sliding bolt is sprung in both directions. If spring being extended by the centrifugal
the engine is subjected to heavy load and weights, which are pressed outwards by the
engine speed decreases, the control rack is centrifugal force.
pressed against the full load stop. The sprung
sliding bolt is compressed by the centrifugal
weights, which are forced inwards by the
governor springs.
1 Control lever 10 Pressure ring 19 Injection pump camshaft
2 Linkage lever 11 Guide bolt 20 Governor hub
3 Guide plunger 12 Sprung sliding bolt 21 Full load stop
4 Camplate 13 Angular lever 22 Pump plunger
5 Fulcrum lever 14 Centrifugal weight
6 Link 15 Governor spring
7 Spring seat 16 Setting nut A = Control rack idle speed position
8 Clearance compensation 17 Full speed stop B = Control rack max. position
spring 18 Idle speed stop C = Control rack cold start position
9 Control rack
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Operational feature
Operational feature
The illustrations show the principles of the main
components and their operation.
Engine stopped
The control rack (9) is in a position that provides
enough fuel for start. The centrifugal weights
(14) are in their inner position.
Cranking position
The fuel valve is activated and the control lever
has been moved toward the full speed stop (17).
The control rack (9) is in cranking position (C)
in order to supply as much fuel as possible to the
engine when it starts.
In the cold start position the injection pump
provides a larger fuel volume and also a later
injection timing (obtained by means of a so
called cold start groove in the pump element).
Idle speed position
When the engine has started and the control 9 21
lever has been released, the control lever returns
to idle speed position, i.e. to idle speed stop. The
control rack also moves into idle speed position
as determined by the governor. The fuel quantity 1
A B C
supplied to the engine is now sufficient for 17
maintaining an even idle speed. 18
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Operational feature
Partial load position 9 21
If load is applied to or removed from the engine
at the engine speed corresponding to the throttle
position, the governor will maintain the set
engine speed by increasing or decreasing the A B C
18 17
fuel quantity.
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Full speed position 9 21
When the engine reaches maximum engine
speed, full speed control starts. The centrifugal
weights move out towards their outermost
positions, they actuate the control rack, moving 1 A B C
it towards stop (reduced fuel volume). 17
18
15
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Stopping the engine
To stop the engine, the fuel pressure to the
injection pump is fed back to the tank through
the return pipe. This is done by the fuel shut-off
valve on the injection pump.
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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General
Idle and full speed governor, RQ
General
The RQ governor is a centrifugal governor By not controlling the engine speed in the
primarily used on vehicles with automatic range between idle and full speed, the RQ
gearbox e.g. buses. RQ governors are also used governor enables the automatic gearbox gear-
on industrial and marine engines. change control system to work without
interference from a limiting governor.
The function of the engine speed governor is to
make sure that the engine runs evenly in the
idle speed range as well as to regulate the
maximum engine speed. In the range between
idle speed and maximum engine speed the
device does not control engine speed; instead,
the driver actuates the injection pump control
rack by the position of the accelerator pedal.
RQ governor
1 Control lever 7 Clearance compensation 13 Centrifugal weight
2 Linkage lever spring 14 Governor spring
3 Guide plunger 8 Control rack 15 Setting nut
4 Fulcrum lever 9 Pressure ring 16 Plug
5 Link 10 Guide pin
6 Spring seat 11 Sliding bolt
12 Angular lever
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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Function Description
Function Description
General
The governor hub (17) is driven by the The pressure ring is guided by the guide screw
injection pump camshaft (18) by way of a (8) and connects the control part to the control
damper. rack (6) by way of the fulcrum lever (4).
The angular levers (10) for the centrifugal The position of the control lever (1) is
weights (11) are mounted in bearings in the regulated by the accelerator pedal.
governor hub.
Each weight contains a spring set (12). The
angular levers convert the radial movement of
the weights to an axial movement of the sliding
bolt (9), which in turn actuates the pressure
ring (7).
RQ governor
1 Control lever 9 Sliding bolt 17 Governor hub
2 Linkage lever 10 Angular lever 18 Injection pump camshaft
3 Guide plunger 11 Centrifugal weight 19 Control rack stop
4 Fulcrum lever 12 Governor springs
5 Link 13 Setting nut
6 Control rack 14 Full speed stop A = Control rack idle speed position
7 Pressure ring 15 Idle speed stop B = Control rack full speed position
8 Guide screw 16 Pump plunger C = Control rack cold start position
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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Function Description
Governor springs
The spring sets fitted in the centrifugal weights At idle speed control only the outer spring, i.e.
(4), i.e. the governor springs, generally consist the idle speed spring (6), is active.
of three concentric arranged springs.
When engine speed increases the centrifugal
The outer spring exerts force between the weights remain against the inner spring seat
centrifugal weight and the outer spring seat (2). until the maximum full load speed is reached
and breakaway starts.
The two inner springs are located between the
outer spring seat and inner spring seat (3). When the maximum full load speed is
controlled, all springs interact. Both inner
springs are called full speed springs (8).
Weight travel and governor spring set in
RQ governor
1 Setting nut 5 Idle speed travel
2 Outer spring seat 6 Idle speed spring
3 Inner spring seat 7 Full speed travel
4 Centrifugal weight 8 Full speed springs
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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Operational feature
Operational feature
The illustrations show the principles of the main
components and their operation.
Engine stopped
The control rack (6) is in a position that provides
enough fuel for start. The centrifugal weights
(11) are in their inner position.
Cranking position
The fuel valve is activated and the control lever
(1) has been moved toward the full speed stop
(14). The control rack (6) is in cranking position
(C) in order to supply as much fuel as possible
to the engine when it starts.
Idle speed position
When the engine has started and the control
lever (1) (the accelerator pedal) has been
released it returns to the idle speed position stop
(15). The control rack (6) also returns to idle
speed position (B) which is determined by the
governor that is now working. The fuel quantity
supplied to the engine is now sufficient for
maintaining an even idle speed.
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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Operational feature
Partial load position
As soon as the driver depresses the accelerator
pedal, the engine accelerates. This causes the
centrifugal weights (11) to move outwards
towards the spring seats where they remain until
maximum engine speed has been reached. The
governor is therefore inactive between idle
speed (B) and full speed position (C). In this
range the control rack (6) position is only
controlled by the driver.
Full speed position
When the engine reaches its maximum
permissible speed the centrifugal forces
(11) exceed the force in the full speed springs of
the spring assembly (12) causing the breakaway
to start. During breakaway the angular levers
(10) actuate via the governor hub (17) and the
pressure ring (7) on the fulcrum lever (4)
causing this to move the control rack (6) from
full speed position (C) to stop position (A)
(reduced fuel volume). The position of the
control rack is thus determined by the load.
Stopping the engine
To stop the engine, the fuel pressure to the
injection pump is fed back through the return
pipe. This is done by the fuel shut-off valve on
the injection pump.
© Scania CV AB 1999, Sweden
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Smoke limiter
Smoke limiter
The smoke limiter restricts the travel of the
control rack enabling a variable full load
quantity depending on the intake manifold
pressure.
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This limitation considerably decreases the
amount of exhaust smoke when accelerating as
well as when driving with full throttle at low
engine speed when the turbocharger supplies a
lower charge pressure.
The movement of the diaphragm is transferred Example of smoke limiter (RQV)
by way of a rod causing the control rack travel
to increase or decrease.
A line connects the smoke limiter to the intake
manifold and a change in the intake manifold
pressure acts on the diaphragm in the smoke
limiter.
Example of smoke limiter (RQ)
Cold start function
Cold start delivery is automatically supplied
when the accelerator pedal is pushed to the
bottom before starting the engine.
The control rack can pass the full load stop
when the pump camshaft does not rotate.
This extends the control rack travel causing the
pump pistons to turn to their cold start groove.
This results in a later injection timing and an
increased fuel volume to the engine when
starting.
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