UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Centre : Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS)

Course : Foundation in Science
Year / Trimester : Year 1 / Trimester 1
Course Code / Title : FHSC1014 / Mechanics

Additional Tutorial 5: Work and Energy

1. A push of 120 N is applied along the handle of a lawn mower producing a horizontal
displacement of 14.0 m. If the handle makes an angle of 30.0o with the ground, what
work was done by the 120 N force? [1.45×103 J]

2. A box of mass 5.0 kg is accelerated by a force across a floor at a rate of 2.0 m/s2 for
7.0 s. Find the net work done on the box. [490 J]

3. What is the minimum work needed to push a 950-kg car 810 m up along a 9.0º
incline? (a) Ignore friction. (b) Assume the effective coefficient of friction retarding
the car is 0.25. [(a) 1.2×106 J, (b) 3.0×106 J]

4. The net force exerted on a particle acts in the +x direction. Its magnitude increases
linearly from zero at x = 0 to 24.0 N at x = 3.0 m. It remains constant at 24.0 N from
x = 3.0 m to x = 8.0 m and then decreases linearly to zero at x = 13.0 m. Determine the
work done to move the particle from x = 0 to x = 13.0 m graphically by determining
the area under the Fx vs x graph. [216 J]

5. If the speed of a car is increased by 50%, by what factor will its minimum braking
distance be increased, assuming all else is the same? Ignore the driver’s reaction time.
[2.25]

6. Two blocks are connected by a light string that passes over two
frictionless pulleys as in figure. The block of mass m2 is
attached to a spring of force constant k and m1. m2. If the
system is released from rest, and the spring is initially not
stretched or compressed, find an expression for the maximum
displacement d of m2. [d = 2g(m1- m2)/k]

7. Tarzan swings on a 30.0 m long vine initially inclined at an angle of 37.0° with the
vertical. What is his speed at the bottom of the swing (a) if he starts from rest? (b) If
he pushes off with a speed of 4.00 m/s? [(a) 10.9 m/s, (b) 11.6 m/s]

8. Two objects are connected by a light string passing over a

light frictionless pulley as shown in figure. The object of mass
5.50 kg is released from rest. (a) Using the principle of
conservation of energy, determine the speed of the 3.20 kg 5.50 kg
object just as the 5.50 kg object hits the ground. (b) Find the
maximum height to which the 3.20 kg object rises.
[(a) 5.09 m/s, (b) 6.32 m] 3.20 kg h = 5.00 m
9. A sledge loaded with bricks has a total mass of 18.0 kg and is pulled at constant speed
by a rope inclined at 20.0° above the horizontal. The sledge moves a distance of
20.0 m on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the sledge
and surface is 0.500.
(a) What is the tension in the rope? [79.4 N]
(b) How much work is done by the rope on the sledge? [1.49×103 J]
(c) What is the mechanical energy lost due to friction? [-1.49×103 J]

10. A crate of mass 10.0 kg is pulled up a rough incline with an initial speed of 1.50 m/s.
The pulling force is 100 N parallel to the incline, which makes an angle of 20.0° with
the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.400, and the crate is pulled
5.00 m.
(a) How much work is done by gravity? [-168 J]
(b) How much mechanical energy is lost due to friction? [-184 J]
(c) How much work is done by the 100 N force? [500 J]
(d) What is the change in kinetic energy of the crate? [148 J]
(e) What is the speed of the crate after being pulled 5.00 m? [5.64 m/s]

11. Two blocks, A and B (with mass 50 kg and 100 kg,

respectively), are connected by a string, as shown in
figure. The pulley is frictionless and of negligible
mass. The coefficient of kinetic friction between
block A and the incline is μk = 0.25. Determine the
change in the kinetic energy of block A as it moves
from C to D, a distance of 20 m up the incline if the
system starts from rest. [3.9 kJ]

12. A 2.00 kg block situated on a rough incline is connected to a

spring of negligible mass having a spring constant of 100 N/m.
The block is released from rest when the spring is un-stretched,
and the pulley is frictionless. The block moves 20.0 cm down
the incline before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of kinetic
friction between block and incline. [0.115]
Answer Guidelines for Additional Tutorial 5: Work and Energy

1. W  Fd cos   120(14.0) cos 30.0  1.45  103 J

2. s  ut  12 at 2  0  12 (2.0)(7.0) 2  49 m
W  Fd  mas  5.0(2.0)( 49)  490 J

3. (a) N  mg cos   0  N  mg cos 

P  mg sin   0  P  mg sin 
W  Fd  mgd sin   950(9.80)(810) sin 9  1.2  106 J
(b) P  f r  mg sin   0  P  f r  mg sin   k mg cos   mg sin 
W  Fd  mgd (k cos   sin  )
W  (950)(9.80)(810)(0.25 cos 9.0  sin 9.0 )  3.0  106 J

4. 25

20

15
Fx (N)

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
x (m)

W  area under the graph

W  12 (13.0  5.0)(24.0)  216 J

5. W  KE
f r d cos 180  12 mv2  12 mu 2
u2
  s mgd   12 mu 2  d 
2 s g
u'  1.5u  d '  (1.5) 2 d  2.25d

2
6. E  0  m1 g  d  m2 g d  12 k d
2 g (m1  m2 )
m1 g  m2 g  12 kd  d 
k

7. We choose the zero of potential energy at the level of the bottom of the arc. The initial
height of Tarzan above this level is
(a) yi  30.0(1  cos 37.0 )  6.04 m
E f  Ei  12 mv2  0  12 mu2  mgyi
v  u 2  2 gyi  0  2(9.8)(6.04)  10.9 m/s
 (b) v  u 2  2 gyi  4.002  2(9.8)(6.04)  11.6 m/s

8. (a) Ei  E f
m1 gh  12 (m1  m2 )v 2  m2 gh
(5.50)(9.8)(5.00)  12 (5.50  3.20)v 2  (3.20)(9.8)(5.00)
v  5.09 m/s
(b) 1
2 mv 2  mgh
(3.20)(5.09) 2  (3.20)(9.8)h
1
2
h  1.32 m
Maximum height = 5.00 + 1.32 = 6.32 m

9. (a) y: N  T sin   mg  N  mg  T sin  --- (1)

T cos 
x: T cos   f r   k N  N  --- (2)
k
T cos 
(1) = (2), mg  T sin  
k
 k mg 0.500(18.0)(9.8)
T   79.4 N
 k sin   cos  (0.500)(sin 20.0 )  cos 20.0
(b) W  Td cos   79.4(20.0) cos 20.0  1.49  103 J
(c) W  f r d cos   (T cos )d cos 
 (79.4 cos 20.0 )(20.0) cos180  1.49  103 J

10. (a) h  d sin   5.00 sin 20.0

Wg  mgh  10.0(9.8)[5.00 sin 20.0 ]  168 J

(b) W fr  f r d cos    k Nd cos    k (mg cos  )d cos 

 0.400[(10.0)(9.8) cos 20.0 ](5.00) cos180  184 J
(c) WF  Fd cos   [100 cos 0 ](5.00)  500 J
(d) KE  Wnet  Wg  W f r  WF  168  (184)  500  148 J
(e) KE  12 mv 2  12 mu 2
2(KE) 2(148)
v  u2   1.502  5.64 m/s
m 10.0

11. Wnc  E f  Ei  (KE  PE) f  (KE  PE) i  KE  PE

KE A  12 m Av 2  0, KE B  12 mB v 2  0
KE  KE A  KEB
PE A  mA ghA , PE B  mB ghB
hA  20 sin 37 m, hB  20 m
PE  PE A  PE B
 Wnc  f r d cos   (k N )d cos   (k mA g cos  )d cos 
KE  Wnc  PE  (k mA g cos  )d cos   [mA ghA  mB ghB ]
1
2(m A  mB )v 2  0  (  k m A g cos  )d cos   [m A ghA  mB ghB ]
2 g{(  k m A cos  )d cos   [m A hA  mB hB ]}
v2 
( m A  mB )
2(9.8){( 0.25)(50)(cos 37 )(20) cos180  [50(20 sin 37 )  (100)(20)]}
v2 
(50  100)
v  156.6 m /s
2 2 2

KE A  12 (50)(156.6)  3.9  103 J

12. Wnc  E f  Ei  (KE  PE g  PE s ) f  (KE  PE g  PE s ) i  KE  PE g  PE s

Wnc  f r d cos   (  k N )d cos 180  (  k mg cos  )d
 (  k mg cos  )d  KE  PE g  PE s
  k (2.00)(9.8)(0.200) cos 37   0  (2.00)(9.8)( 0.200 sin 37  )  12 (100)(0.200) 2
k  0.115