MODULE 3 - EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES
Example 1:
Consider the object shown in Figure 1. Calculate:
(a) The length BC
(b) The length CD
(c) The surface area ABCD
(d) The surface area ABO
(e) The surface area AOFD
(f) The volume ABDCFO
Figure 1
Example 2:
Refer to Figure 2; disregard the differential lengths and imagine that the object
is part of a spherical shell. It may be described as 3 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 5, 60° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90°,
45° ≤ ∅ ≤ 60° where surface 𝑟 = 3 is the same as 𝐴𝐸𝐻𝐷, surface 𝜃 = 60° is
𝐴𝐸𝐹𝐵, and surface ∅ = 45° is ABCD. Calculate
a. The arc length 𝐷𝐻
b. The arc length 𝐹𝐺
c. The surface area 𝐴𝐸𝐻𝐷
d. The surface area 𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐶
e. The volume of the object
Figure 2
Example 3:
Given that 𝑭 = 𝑥 2 𝒂𝒙 − 𝑥𝑧𝒂𝒚 − 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑧 , calculate the circulation of F around the
(closed) path shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Example 4:
Calculate the circulation of
𝑨 = 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂𝝆 + 𝑧𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝒂𝒛
Around the edge L of the wedge defined by 0 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 2, 0 ≤ ∅ ≤ 60°, 𝑧 = 0
and shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Example 5:
Find the gradient and Laplacian of the following scalar fields:
a. 𝑉 = 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦
b. 𝑈 = 𝑝2 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅
c. 𝑊 = 10𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
Example 6:
Determine the gradient and Laplacian of the following scalar fields:
a. 𝑈 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧
b. 𝑉 = 𝜌𝑧𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ + 𝑧 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∅ + 𝜌2
c. 𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑙𝑛𝑟 + 𝑟 2 ∅
Example 7:
Given 𝑊 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧, compute ∇𝑊 and the directional derivative 𝑑𝑊/𝑑𝑙 in
the direction 3𝒂𝒙 + 4𝒂𝒚 + 12𝑎𝑧 at (2, −1, 0).
Example 8:
Given 𝛷 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧, find gradient 𝛷 at point (1,2,3) and the directional
derivative of 𝛷 at the same point in the direction toward point (3,4,4).
Example 9:
Determine the divergence and curl of these vector fields:
a. 𝑷 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧𝒂𝒙 + 𝑥𝑧𝒂𝒛
b. 𝑸 = 𝜌𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝒂𝝆 + 𝜌2 𝑧𝒂∅ + 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂𝒛
1
c. 𝑻 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝒂𝒓 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂𝜽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝒂∅
𝑟2
Example 10:
Determine the divergence and curl of the following vector fields and evaluate
them at the specified points.
a. 𝑨 = 𝑦𝑧𝒂𝒙 + 4𝑥𝑦𝒂𝒚 + 𝑦𝒂𝒛 𝑎𝑡 (1, −2, 3)
b. 𝑩 = 𝜌𝑧𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝒂𝝆 + 3𝜌𝑧 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂∅ (5, 𝜋⁄2, 1)
c. 𝑪 = 2𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂𝒓 + 𝑟1/2 𝒂∅ 𝑎𝑡 (1, 𝜋⁄6, 𝜋⁄3)
Example 11:
d. Determine the flux of 𝑮(𝑟) = 10𝑒 −2𝑧 (𝜌𝒂𝝆 + 𝒂𝒛 ), determine the flux of
𝑮 out of the entire surface of the cylinder 𝜌 = 1, 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1. Confirm the
result by using the divergence theorem.
Figure 5
Example 12:
Determine the flux of 𝑫 = 𝜌2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∅𝒂𝝆 + 𝑧𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝒂∅ over the closed surface of
the cylinder 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1, 𝜌 = 4. Verify the divergence theorem for this case.
Example 13:
If 𝑨 = 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝒂𝝆 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝒂∅ , evaluate ∮ 𝑨. 𝑑𝒍 around the path shown in Figure 6.
Confirm this by using Stokes’s theorem.
Figure 6
Example 14:
For a vector field A, show explicitly that ∇. ∇ × 𝐴 = 0; that is, the divergence of
the curl of any vector field is zero.
Example 15:
For a scalar field V, show that ∇ × ∇𝑉 = 0; that is, the curl of the gradient of
any scalar field vanishes.
EXERCISES
1. Using the differential length 𝑑𝑙, find the length of the curve, 𝜌 =
3, 𝜋⁄4 < ∅ < 𝜋⁄2 , 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.
2. Calculate the area of the surface using the differential surface area 𝑑𝑆:
0 < 𝑟 < 4, 60° < 𝜃 < 90°, ∅ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
3. Use the differential volume 𝑑𝑣 to determine the volume of the region,
2 < 𝜌 < 5, 𝜋⁄3 < ∅ < 𝜋, −1 < 𝑧 < 4
4. Find the length of a path from 𝑃1 (4, 0°, 0) 𝑡𝑜 𝑃2 (4, 30°, 0)
5. Calculate the area of the surface defined by 𝑟 = 5, 0 < 𝜃 <
𝜋⁄4, 0 < ∅ < 𝜋⁄2
6. Calculate the volume defined by 2 < 𝜌 < 5, 0 < ∅ < 30°, 0 < 𝑧 < 10
7. Evaluate the line integral ∫𝐿(2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 over the
straight path 𝐿 joining point 𝑃(1, −1,2) to 𝑄(3,1,2)
8. If 𝑫 = 𝑥 2 𝑧𝒂𝒙 + 𝑦 3 𝒂𝒚 + 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒂𝒛 , calculate the flux of D passing through
the volume bounded by planes 𝑥 = −1. 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 1, 𝑧 =
3.
